| experimental morphology of the feeding mechanism in salamanders. | the subarcualis rectus i muscle (sar) in the feeding mechanism of four tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum) was removed early in ontogeny and these individuals were allowed to complete metamorphosis. this procedure resulted in postmetamorphic tiger salamanders which differed from control individuals in the size (and thus force generating capacity) of the sar muscle. the experimental manipulation of muscle ontogeny allowed a test of previous hypotheses of sar function in postmetamorphic individ ... | 1991 | 29865545 |
| viral diseases of fish in japan. | viruses causing infectious pancreatic necrosis (ipn) and infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn) were first isolated in japan during the 1970s and these two diseases remain among the most serious problems affecting cultured salmonids in japan. in addition to ihn and ipn, four other viral diseases cause major economic losses among cultured fishes in japan. these include viral pancreatic hepatic necrosis of yellowtail, rhabdovirus infection of japanese flounder and black rock fish, kuchishiro-sho ... | 1991 | 32288348 |
| metamorphosis of cranial design in tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum): a morphometric analysis of ontogenetic change. | while ontogenetic analyses of skull development have contributed to our understanding of phylogenetic patterns in vertebrates, there are few studies of taxa that undergo a relatively discrete and rapid change in morphology during development (metamorphosis). morphological changes occurring in the head at metamorphosis in tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum) were quantified by a morphometric analysis of cranial osteology and myology to document patterns of change during metamorphosis. we employ ... | 1990 | 29865725 |
| functional organization of the arctiid moth tymbal (insecta, lepidoptera). | the exoskeletal morphology, muscular organization, and innervation patterns of the tymbals of seven sound-producing species of tiger moths (arctiidae) were compared with the undifferentiated episterna of two silent species. at least three muscles are involved in sound production: the tymbal muscle, pv2, and the accessory muscles, pvl and/or pv6. all of the tymbal muscles are innervated by the iiin2a branch of the metathoracic leg nerve, which contains two axons larger than the others. backfills ... | 1990 | 29865714 |
| ontogeny of functional design in tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum): are motor patterns conserved during major morphological transformations? | the process of metamorphosis in tiger salamanders, ambystoma tigrinum, is used to investigate motor pattern conservatism in vertebrates. specifically, we examined cranial muscle activity to determine if changes in the motor pattern are correlated with the morphological or environmental changes that occur at metamorphosis. twenty-three variables were measured from electromyographic recordings from six cranial muscles in 13 tiger salamanders. these variables described the configuration of the moto ... | 1988 | 29884012 |
| the feeding system of terrestrial tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum baird). | high speed cinematography was used to record the feeding activities of terrestrial ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum. a description of these activities based on films of more than 50 feeding sequences is presented, and the mechanical units involved are defined, described, and functionally analyzed. evolutionary implications of the feeding system are discussed. in a typical feeding sequence, a. t. melanostictum stations and maintains its lower jaw 3-5 mm from the prey. the mouth is then opened to ... | 1975 | 30309060 |
| rabies as a cause for man-eating propensities of tiger. | | 1952 | 29014688 |
| a tom-tom and a human foot found in the stomachs of two tiger sharks. | | 1948 | 18892134 |
| charcoal tiger fever. | | 1947 | 18863459 |
| tiger bites and their treatment. | | 1929 | 29009847 |
| wounds inflicted by tigers, panthers and bears. | | 1911 | 29005604 |
| destruction of cattle by tigers. | | 1884 | 28999137 |
| a case of tiger bite, &c., treated in the tavoy hospital. | | 1881 | 28997882 |
| three cases of tiger wound. | | 1872 | 28995339 |
| severe tiger-bite.-recovery. | | 1866 | 28996614 |
| a literature review of host feeding patterns of invasive aedes mosquitoes in europe. | aedes invasive mosquitoes (aims) play a key role as vectors of several pathogens of public health relevance. four species have been established in europe, including aedes aegypti, aedesalbopictus, aedes japonicus and aedes koreicus. in addition, aedes atropalpus has been repeatedly recorded although it has not yet been established. in spite of their importance in the transmission of endemic (e.g., heartworms) and imported pathogens (e.g., dengue virus), basic information of parameters affecting ... | 2020 | 33260438 |
| cerebral cysticercosis in a wild bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) in bhutan: a first report in non-domestic felids. | the endangered bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) is a keystone species playing an essential role in ecology as well as in the social and spiritual lives of the himalayan people. the latest estimate of the bengal tiger population in bhutan accounts for 103 individuals. infectious organisms, including zoonotic parasites causing high burden in human health, have received little attention as a cause of mortality in tigers. taeniosis/cysticercosis, caused by the cestode taenia solium, is consider ... | 2021 | 33665082 |
| evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated sars-cov-2 entry across species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic represents a global threat, and the interaction between the virus and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), the primary entry receptor for sars-cov-2, is a key determinant of the range of hosts that can be infected by the virus. however, the mechanisms underpinning ace2-mediated viral entry across species remains unclear. using infection assay, we evaluated sars-cov-2 entry mediated by ace2 of 11 different animal species ... | 2021 | 33610551 |
| sars cov-2 spike protein in silico interaction with ace2 receptors from wild and domestic species. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has been declared a pandemic by the world health organization (who), and since its first report, it has become a major public health concern. sars-cov-2 is closely related to sars-cov and sars-related bat coronaviruses, and it has been described to use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) as a receptor. natural sars-cov-2 infection in domestic and wildlife animals, measured by rt-qpcr, has been confirmed in different countries, e ... | 2021 | 33659022 |
| in vitro characterization of fitness and convalescent antibody neutralization of sars-cov-2 cluster 5 variant emerging in mink at danish farms. | in addition to humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can transmit to animals that include hamsters, cats, dogs, mink, ferrets, tigers, lions, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and treeshrew. among these, mink are particularly susceptible. indeed, 10 countries in europe and north america reported sars-cov-2 infection among mink on fur farms. in denmark, sars-cov-2 spread rapidly among mink farms and spilled-over back into humans, acquiring mutations/deletions wi ... | 2021 | 34248922 |
| sars-cov-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, previously 2019-ncov) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in china from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus rhinolophus. following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, sars-cov-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, ... | 2021 | 33892621 |
| bats, pangolins, minks and other animals - villains or victims of sars-cov-2? | coronavirus disease-19 (covid-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2), which has become unstoppable, spreading rapidly worldwide and, consequently, reaching a pandemic level. this review aims to provide the information available so far on the likely animal origin of sars-cov-2 and its possible hosts/reservoirs as well as all natural animal infections and experimental evidence using animal models. horseshoe bats from the species rhinolophus affinis seem t ... | 2021 | 33464439 |
| sars-cov-2 infection and longitudinal fecal screening in malayan tigers (panthera tigris jacksoni), amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica ), and african lions (panthera leo krugeri) at the bronx zoo, new york, usa. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) emerged as the cause of a global pandemic in 2019-2020. in march 2020, new york city became the epicenter in the united states for the pandemic. on 27 march 2020, a malayan tiger (panthera tigris jacksoni) at the bronx zoo in new york city developed a cough and wheezing with subsequent inappetence. over the next week, an additional malayan tiger and two amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) in the same building and three lions (panther ... | 2021 | 33480553 |
| progress in source tracking of sars-cov-2. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has caused a total of 55 928 327 confirmed cases and 1 344 003 deaths as of november 19, 2020. but so far the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) that causes this pandemic has remained undetermined. the purpose of this study is to review the current research of sars-cov-2 and the existing problems therein, which may provide inspiration for further researches. existing evidence suggested that sars-cov-2 may be derived ... | 2020 | 33380405 |
| an overview of sars-cov-2 and animal infection. | a novel coronavirus has been reported as the causative pathogen of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak in wuhan city, china in december 2019. due to the rapid spread of the virus worldwide, it has been announced as a pandemic by the world health organization (who). hospitalized patients in wuhan were associated with the huanan seafood wholesale market where live animals, such as poultry, bats, snakes, frogs, rabbits, marmots, and hedgehogs are sold in that market which suggests a po ... | 2020 | 33363234 |
| evaluation of a real-time rt-pcr panel for detection of sars-cov-2 in bat guano. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), which is an ongoing global health concern. the exact source of the virus has not been identified, but it is believed that this novel coronavirus originated in animals; bats in particular have been implicated as the primary reservoir of the virus. sars-cov-2 can also be transmitted from humans to other animals, including tigers, cats, and mink. consequently, infected people ... | 2021 | 33522461 |
| mutational spectra of sars-cov-2 isolated from animals. | coronaviruses are ubiquitous and infect a wide spectrum of animals and humans. the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) has become a worldwide pandemic. to address the role that animals may play in the evolution of sars-cov-2, the full genome sequences of sars-cov-2 isolated from animals were compared with sars-cov-2 human isolates from the same clade and geographic region. phylogenetic analysis of sars-cov-2 isolated from the cat, dog, mink, mouse, and tige ... | 2020 | 33384909 |
| is it time to consider shreds of epidemiological and environmental evidence associated with high transmission of covid-19? | novel coronavirus named covid-19 that emerged in late december from wuhan affected almost the entire globe. recent studies provided new insight into the high transmission of the disease. this review explores the current evidence of epidemiological and environmental factors associated with high transmission of covid-19. even transmission and symptoms found among cats, dogs, ferrets, and tiger suggested low species barrier of the virus. the airborne transmission was found even up to 4 m, and fecal ... | 2021 | 34322402 |
| structural analysis of covid-19 spike protein in recognizing the ace2 receptor of different mammalian species and its susceptibility to viral infection. | the pandemic covid-19 was caused by a novel coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) that infects humans through the binding of glycosylated sars-cov-2 spike 2 protein to the glycosylated ace2 receptor. the spike 2 protein recognizes the n-terminal helices of the glycosylated metalloprotease domain in the human ace2 receptor. to understand the susceptibility of animals for infection and transmission, we did sequence and structure-based molecular interaction analysis of 16 ace2 receptors from different mammali ... | 2021 | 33552834 |
| teleingestion remote video capsule endoscope. | we describe 2 cases in which video capsule endoscopy was performed remotely using teleingestion remote video capsule endoscopy (tiger vce), given limited access to endoscopy during the covid-19 pandemic. the patients ingested the capsocam capsule during a televisit, and the video was subsequently reviewed remotely by the physician. tiger vce was used to diagnose a benign etiology of melena and used to confirm a diagnosis of crohn's disease before the initiation of biologic therapy. these cases d ... | 2021 | 34079843 |
| panthera tigris jacksoni population crash and impending extinction due to environmental perturbation and human-wildlife conflict. | the critically endangered malayan tiger (panthera tigris jacksoni), with an estimated population of less than 200 individuals left in isolated rainforest habitats in malaysia, is in an intermediate population crash leading to extinction in the next decade. the population has decreased significantly by illegal poaching, environmental perturbation, roadkill, and being captured during human-wildlife conflicts. forty-five or more individuals were extracted from the wild (four animals captured due to ... | 2021 | 33917373 |
| key components of inflammasome and pyroptosis pathways are deficient in canines and felines, possibly affecting their response to sars-cov-2 infection. | sars-cov-2 causes the ongoing covid-19 pandemic. natural sars-cov-2 infection has been detected in dogs, cats and tigers. however, the symptoms in canines and felines were mild. the underlying mechanisms are unknown. excessive activation of inflammasome pathways can trigger cytokine storm and severe damage to host. in current study, we performed a comparative genomics study of key components of inflammasome and pyroptosis pathways in dogs, cats and tigers. cats and tigers do not have aim2 and nl ... | 2021 | 33584656 |
| feline coronavirus and feline infectious peritonitis in nondomestic felid species. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is reported worldwide and known to cause disease in domestic and nondomestic felid species. although fcov often results in mild to inapparent disease, a small subset of cats succumb to the fatal, systemic disease feline infectious peritonitis (fip). an outbreak of fip in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in a zoological collection demonstrated the devastating effect of fcov introduction into a naïve group of animals. in addition to cheetahs, fip has been described in european ... | 2021 | 33827157 |
| serologic survey of selected pathogens in free-ranging bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) in nepal. | serum samples of 11 bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) from chitwan national park in nepal, collected between 2011-17, were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to eight diseases commonly investigated in large felids. this initial serologic survey was done to establish baseline information to understand the exposure of nepal's free-ranging tiger population to these diseases. tiger serum samples collected opportunistically during encounters such as translocation, human conflict, and injur ... | 2021 | 33822151 |
| genome-wide identification of aedes albopictus long noncoding rnas and their association with dengue and zika virus infection. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus), is an important vector that transmits arboviruses such as dengue (denv), zika (zikv) and chikungunya virus (chikv). long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) are known to regulate various biological processes. knowledge on ae. albopictus lncrnas and their functional role in virus-host interactions are still limited. here, we identified and characterized the lncrnas in the genome of an arbovirus vector, ae. albopictus, and evaluated their potential ... | 2021 | 33481791 |
| sylvatic canine morbillivirus in captive panthera highlights viral promiscuity and the need for better prevention strategies. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is a multi-host morbillivirus that infects virtually all carnivora and a few non-human primates. here we describe a cdv outbreak in an exotic felid rescue center that led to the death of eight felids in the genus panthera. similar to domestic dogs and in contrast to previously described cdv cases in panthera, severe pneumonia was the primary lesion and no viral antigens or cdv-like lesions were detected in the central nervous system. four tigers succumbed to opportun ... | 2021 | 33946447 |
| exposure of wild sumatran tiger (panthera tigris sumatrae) to canine distemper virus. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is recognized as a conservation threat to amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) in russia, but the risk to other subspecies remains unknown. we detected cdv neutralizing antibodies in nine of 21 wild-caught sumatran tigers (42.9%), including one sampled on the day of capture, confirming exposure in the wild. | 2021 | 33822169 |
| distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the amur tiger. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica). cdv is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. however, vaccination of endangered wildlife remains controversial, which has led to a focus on interventions in domestic dogs, often assumed to be the source of infection. effective decision making requires an understanding of the true reservoir ... | 2020 | 33229566 |
| profile of small rnas, vdna forms and viral integrations in late chikungunya virus infection of aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus is contributing to the (re)-emergence of chikungunya virus (chikv). to gain insights into the molecular underpinning of viral persistence, which renders a mosquito a life-long vector, we coupled small rna and whole genome sequencing approaches on carcasses and ovaries of mosquitoes sampled 14 days post chikv infection and investigated the profile of small rnas and the presence of vdna fragments. since aedes genomes harbor nonretroviral endogenous viral e ... | 2021 | 33806250 |