| acanthocytosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and pallidal degeneration: a report of three patients, including the second reported case with hypoprebetalipoproteinemia (harp syndrome). | we describe an example of a variant of hallervorden-spatz disease, characterized by hypoprebeta-lipoproteinemia, acanthocytosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and pallidal degeneration (harp syndrome), in an 18-year-old woman who presented with longstanding intellectual subnormality, night blindness, and a 2-year history of orobuccolingual dystonia causing dysarthria and dysphagia. investigation showed acanthocytosis and hypoprebetalipoproteinemia, and electroretinograms were typical of tapetoretinal de ... | 1995 | 7898702 |
| "riding the tiger": lessons from a health promotion activity aimed at reducing the use of alcohol by youth. | this paper outlines a health promotion activity entitled "riding the tiger". "riding the tiger" aims to reduce binge drinking among youth and is an applicable intervention for both rural and urban areas. the paper aims to provide health care workers wishing to reduce the binge drinking of youth with a practical guide. | 1995 | 16203341 |
| [hallervorden-spatz disease: presentation of a new case]. | a case of hallervorden-spatz's disease is described in a thirteen-year-old patient, with typical case symptoms of pyramidalism, dystonia and regressive motor control, over the last four years. mri provided a bilateral palidal image in 'tiger eye'. the possible appearance of early forms have been stressed, characterised by a learning delay and a regressive syndrome starting between 5-10 years of age, along with later forms which manifest themselves mainly as parkinson's disease. the mri findings ... | 2009 | 8548643 |
| comparison of the actions of glycine and related amino acids on isolated third order neurons from the tiger salamander retina. | whole cell voltage and current clamp recordings were obtained from third order neurons isolated from the salamander retina. using cross desensitization, the structure-function relationship of short chain amino acids on the glycine receptor were examined. l-serine, l-alanine, beta-alanine and taurine all cross desensitized with glycine, but did not show significant cross desensitization with gaba. this indicates that these amino acids act at the glycine receptor. the order of potency was glycine ... | 1995 | 7708201 |
| effects of different leaf traits on growth rates of insect herbivores on willows. | we examined relative effects of traits of leaf quality of ten willow species (salix: salicaceae) on growth rates of five species of insect herbivores found in interior alaska (a willow sawfly, nematus calais; the tiger swallowtail butterfly, papilio canadensis; and three species of chrysomelid beetles, gonioctena occidentalis, calligrapha verrucosa, and chrysomela falsa). leaf traits examined were water content, toughness, total nitrogen contnet, pubescence, and presence or absence of phenolic g ... | 1994 | 28307038 |
| glutamate-, gaba-, and gad-immunoreactivities co-localize in bipolar cells of tiger salamander retina. | the presence of inhibitory bipolar cells in salamander retina was investigated by a comparative analysis of the distribution of glutamate- and gaba-immunoreactivities (glu-ir; gaba-ir) using a postembedding immunocytochemical method. glu-ir was found in virtually all photoreceptors, bipolar cells and ganglion cells, neuronal elements that transfer information vertically through the retina. glu-ir also was found in numerous amacrine cells in the mid and proximal inner nuclear layer as well as in ... | 2013 | 7841126 |
| dopamine enhances a glutamate-gated ionic current in off bipolar cells of the tiger salamander retina. | the transmitter glutamate is thought to be used by all vertebrate photoreceptors to drive the second-order neurons of the retina, horizontal and bipolar neurons. dopamine, an endogenous retinal neurotransmitter localized to amacrine and interplexiform cells, has previously been shown to enhance glutamate-gated currents in retinal horizontal cells. in the present study we demonstrate that bipolar cells, like horizontal cells, possess glutamate receptors that are modulated by dopamine. we then ide ... | 1994 | 7931565 |
| a metrical template account of children's weak syllable omissions from multisyllabic words. | young children learning english as well as many other languages frequently omit weakly stressed syllables from multisyllabic words. in particular, they are more likely to omit weak syllables from word-initial positions than from word-internal or -final positions. for example, the weak syllable of a weak-strong (ws) word like giraffe is much more likely to be omitted than the weak syllable of a sw word like tiger. three hypotheses for this omission pattern have been offered. in two, children's we ... | 1994 | 7852473 |
| counter-transport of potassium by the glutamate uptake carrier in glial cells isolated from the tiger salamander retina. | 1. to investigate the transport of potassium on the glutamate uptake carrier, the glutamate uptake current in isolated retinal müller cells was monitored by whole-cell clamping, while measuring changes of potassium concentration outside the cells ([k+]o) with an ion-sensitive microelectrode. 2. activating glutamate uptake led to an accumulation of potassium outside the cells, consistent with the hypothesis, based on less direct evidence, that the glutamate uptake carrier transports potassium out ... | 1994 | 7837095 |
| miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in bipolar cells of the tiger salamander retina. | the synapse between photoreceptor and bipolar cell is important for at least three reasons: (1) it is the first synapse in the visual pathway; (2) it is the best-known tonic chemical synapse; and (3) it has perhaps the most complex and highly organized synaptic morphology in the entire brain. yet little is known about how neurotransmitter is released from this synapse. we present in this report evidence which suggests that the release of photoreceptor neurotransmitter, presumably glutamate, is p ... | 1994 | 7975276 |
| clinical and mri study of the hallervorden-spatz syndrome: long-term follow-up of one case. | hallervorden-spatz syndrome is generally considered to be an autosomal recessively hereditary disorder of unknown etiology. some reported cases have been known to be sporadic. we present a boy who suffered from regressive developmental milestones since he was 2 years and 6 months old. he began to manifest tremors of the upper extremities, followed by unsteady gait, choreoathetosis, dystonia, dysarthria, and dysphagia at 4 years old, and subsequently became completely bedridden at 6 years old. ne ... | 2015 | 7942031 |
| nbqx suppresses inhibitory glycine currents in retinal ganglion cells. | the quinoxaline nbqx (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo (f) quinoxaline) is a potent non-nmda receptor antagonist, which appears to be relatively free of antagonistic action at the glycine binding site of the nmda receptor. however, we report here that at 50 microm, nbqx significantly attenuated the inhibitory currents induced by the exogenous application of 100 microm glycine as observed using whole-cell recordings from ganglion cells in a slice preparation of the tiger salamander retina. ... | 1994 | 7529589 |
| modulation of ion channels in rod photoreceptors by nitric oxide. | subcellular compartments in the outer retina of the larval tiger salamander were identified as likely sites of production of nitric oxide (no), a recently recognized intercellular messenger. nadph diaphorase histochemistry and no synthase immunocytochemistry labeled photoreceptor ellipsoids and the distal regions of bipolar and glial cells apposing photoreceptor inner segments, suggesting a role for no in visual processing in the outer retina. we investigated the actions of no on several rod pho ... | 1994 | 7520253 |
| saving the tiger in the wild. | | 1994 | 8196759 |
| evolution and phylogenetic information content of the its-1 region in the tiger beetle cicindela dorsalis. | sequence divergence in the internal transcribed spacer region 1 (its-1) of the ribosomal dna locus was assessed in subspecies of the coastal north american tiger beetle, cicindela dorsalis. the spacer region was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and cloned for sequencing. of a total of 50 clones obtained from 12 specimens, 42 clones were different in at least one nucleotide position. in a parsimony analysis of these sequences, the main phylogenetic distinction was found to separate s ... | 1994 | 8015434 |
| meniscal ossification. ii. the normal pattern in the tiger knee. | examination of knee menisci of bengal tigers revealed ossicles within the cartilaginous anterior horn of each medial meniscus. this ossification was not evident in the neonatal animal, but was present in animals aged 20 months or older. the ossicle appeared prior to the completion of skeletal maturation at the knee, and was composed of normal remodeling trabecular bone. while most animals had a single, variably sized ossicle, multiple ossicles also occurred. the meniscal cartilage apposed to the ... | 1994 | 7517071 |
| taming the tiger: the economics of health care reform. | | 1994 | 10133328 |
| taming the tiger. the economics of health care reform: an h&hn study. | though legislators, regulators and policy-makers have tried to control it for years, health care spending continues to spiral out of control. the question is: will federal health care reform tame it? using a specially developed survey of health care providers, contributing editor alden solovy has developed an analysis of various economic scenarios coming out of the reform process. | 1994 | 8111446 |
| a novel gaba receptor on bipolar cell terminals in the tiger salamander retina. | we studied the pharmacology of the gaba receptors on bipolar cell terminals in the retinal slice preparation. whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from the somas of bipolar cells and gaba was puffed near their terminals, after synaptic transmission was blocked. gaba puffs evoked a large chloride current that was reduced by picrotoxin, but in many cells this current was insensitive to blockade by the competitive gabaa receptor antagonists bicuculline and sr95531. pentobarbital, an enhancer ... | 1994 | 8120620 |
| effects of calcium on rod and cone inputs to horizontal cells of the tiger salamander retina. | effects of extracellular calcium on signal transmission between photoreceptors and horizontal cells (hcs) are studied in superfused isolated retina of the larval tiger salamander. horizontal cell light response is optimal when extracellular ca2+ is maintained between 1-2 mm. ca2+ levels beyond this range in either direction significantly reduce the hc light response amplitude. when extracellular ca2+ is lowered from 2 mm to 0.5 mm, the rod input to hcs is reduced whereas the cone input is not af ... | 2013 | 8003458 |
| a novel gaba receptor modulates synaptic transmission from bipolar to ganglion and amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina. | we investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of transmitter release from bipolar cells. three currents, measured under whole-cell patch clamp in the tiger salamander retinal slice, were used to identify the sites of modulation and to establish their pharmacological profile. (1) a light-elicited inhibitory current was measured in bipolar cells that could be blocked by picrotoxin. this input probably arrives via gabaergic amacrine cells since there is high gaba sensitivity at the bipol ... | 1994 | 7907138 |
| localization of substance p and gaba in retinotectal ganglion cells of the larval tiger salamander. | the present study was performed as part of a systematic examination of the transmitter specificity of neuronal populations in the larval tiger salamander retina. backfill-labeling of ganglion cells from the optic tectum was combined with double-label immunofluorescence histochemistry to determine if substance p and gaba are localized to ganglion cell populations in the tiger salamander retina. the triple-label analysis revealed the presence of substance p- and gaba-ganglion cells in both central ... | 2013 | 7516178 |
| mechanism of ba2+ block of m-like k channels of rod photoreceptors of tiger salamanders. | ikx is a voltage-dependent k+ current in the inner segment of rod photoreceptors that shows many similarities to m-current. the depression of ikx by external ba2+ was studied with whole-cell voltage clamp. ba2+ reduced the conductance and voltage sensitivity of ikx tail currents and shifted the voltage range over which they appeared to more positive potentials. these effects showed different sensitivities to ba2+: conductance was the least sensitive (k0.5 = 7.6 mm), voltage dependence intermedia ... | 1994 | 8169597 |
| [hair dysplasia in oculo-dento-digital syndrome. apropos of a mother-daughter case]. | oculo-dento-digital syndrome (sodd) as defined by meyer-schwickerath in 1957 is a rare entity (84 cases) which belongs to ectodermal dysplasias. it consists of: the characteristic features (long face, pinched nose); syndactyly; ocular, dental and bone abnormalities. this entity is usually transmitted on the autosomal dominant mode. we report two cases (a mother and daughter) with polymalformations which we classed as sodd. furthermore, agenesis of lacrimal duct and genitourinary abnormalities we ... | 1994 | 7793757 |
| using molecular and ecological data to diagnose endangered populations of the puritan tiger beetle cicindela puritana. | populations of the puritan tiger beetle cicindela puritana in the eastern united states were found to be highly threatened at the connecticut river, whereas several large populations on the western shore and newly discovered populations on the eastern shore of the chesapeake bay appeared to be less endangered. we assessed if the disjunct c. puritana subgroups are genetically distinct and therefore should be treated as separate units for conservation purposes. a total of 13 individuals from the c ... | 1993 | 7909261 |
| national project aimed at making it the leading tiger. | | 1993 | 17789929 |
| interfacing u.s. census map files with statistical graphics software: application and use in epidemiology. | in 1990, the united states bureau of the census released detailed geographic map files known as tiger/line (topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing). the tiger files, accessible through purchase or federal repository libraries, contain 24 billion characters of data describing various geographic features including coastlines, hydrography, transportation networks, political boundaries, etc. for the entire united states. many of these physical features are of potential interest ... | 1993 | 8272673 |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist binding in tiger salamander nasal cavity. | binding of the iodinated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) agonist, buserelin, was examined in the nasal cavities of tiger salamanders using in vitro autoradiography. binding of [125i]buserelin was seen within the chemosensory epithelium of the main nasal cavity and jacobson's (vomeronasal) organ. highest levels of binding were observed over the chemosensory neuron dendrites. given the apparent lack of gnrh-immunoreactive fibers within the chemosensory epithelium as we have observed in a pre ... | 1993 | 8247354 |
| colocalization of glycine in substance p-amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. | the present study was performed as part of a systematic examination of glycine's coexistence with other classical transmitters and neuropeptides in neuronal populations of the larval tiger salamander retina. substance p immunocytochemistry was combined with either glycine immunocytochemistry or autoradiography of glycine high-affinity uptake to examine whether tiger salamander substance p-amacrine cells express these glycine markers. double-label analyses revealed two populations of substance p- ... | 2013 | 7692942 |
| phylogeographic patterns in coastal north american tiger beetles (cicindela dorsalis say) inferred from mitochondrial dna sequences. | genetic variation was assessed in the tiger beetle, cicindela dorsalis, by sequencing of three regions of the mtdna genome. populations of four morphologically distinguishable subspecies were sampled from 28 representative locations covering almost the entire geographic range of the species in coastal north america. in 78 individuals analyzed for 656 base pairs from four different genes, 17 different haplotypes could be distinguished. a cladistic analysis grouped the haplotype sequences into two ... | 1993 | 28564287 |
| double-label analyses of the coexistence of somatostatin with gaba and glycine in amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. | to investigate the possible gabaergic nature of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons of the larval tiger salamander retina, somatostatin immunocytochemistry was combined with either gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) immunocytochemistry or autoradiography of gaba high-affinity uptake. a total of 1,062 somatostatin cells were visualized in these studies. double-label immunocytochemistry revealed that 96.3% of somatostatin-immunoreactive cells expressed gaba immunoreactivity. double-label studies combi ... | 1993 | 8104080 |
| effects of gaba on horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina. | application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) slows down the horizontal cell response time course (hcrrt) and induces membrane depolarization in horizontal cells (hcs) after synaptic inputs are blocked by co2+. we present evidence that suggests both effects are probably mediated by gabaa receptors which open chloride channels in the hc membrane. in any given concentration of gaba, ranged from 0 to 100 microm, the hc membrane potential (vhc) in saturating light and in the presence of 100 microm c ... | 1993 | 8333157 |
| neutralization of tiger snake (notechis scutatus) venom by serum from other australian elapids. | sera from four australian elapids and one boidid (python) were tested for their ability to protect neonatal mice against the toxic action of tiger snake (notechis scutatus) venom. of the five serum samples tested, only serum from pseudechis australis and pseudechis porphyriacus were capable of neutralizing the tiger snake venom. in addition, neutralization was shown to be highly variable within serum taken from individual snakes of the same species (p. porphyriacus). previously, only viperid and ... | 1993 | 8212036 |
| synaptic transmission from rods to rod-dominated bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina. | synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and bipolar cells was studied in dark-adapted tiger salamander retinas. based on the relative light sensitivity, bipolar cells, either depolarizing (dbc) or hyperpolarizing (hbc), fell into two groups: one receives inputs primarily from rods (rod-dominated bipolar cells, dbcr and hbcr) and the other receives inputs primarily from cones (cone-dominated bipolar cells, dbcc and hbcc). the input-output relations of the rod-dbcr and rod-hbcr synapses were ... | 1993 | 8186975 |
| relative contribution of rod and cone inputs to bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the tiger salamander retina. | 1. the relative contribution of rod and cone inputs to bipolar and ganglion cells were studied by comparing the response-irradiance relations, spectral sensitivities, and response waveforms of these neurons recorded from the isolated, flat-mounted tiger salamander retina under dark-adapted conditions. 2. bipolar cells could be differentiated both on the basis of the polarity of the light response and on their relative rod/cone input. thus some depolarizing bipolar cells appeared more strongly in ... | 1993 | 8350133 |
| identification of glutamate receptor subtypes mediating inputs to bipolar cells and ganglion cells in the tiger salamander retina. | 1. the effects of glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists on bipolar cells and ganglion cells were studied with the use of intracellular and extracellular recording in the superfused, isolated, flat-mounted tiger salamander retina. the goal of the experiments was to correlate glutamate receptor subtypes with their localization at specific synaptic sites in the tiger salamander retina. the drugs tested were the kainate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) receptor a ... | 1993 | 7688801 |
| taming the paper tiger. | | 1993 | 8334400 |
| contribution of the ciliary cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance to olfactory transduction in the salamander. | 1. flash photolysis of caged cyclic nucleotides was used to examine the contribution of the ciliary cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance to olfactory transduction in the tiger salamander. brief illumination of solitary olfactory receptor cells loaded with 100 microm caged cyclic amp caused a large inward current (peak amplitude 355 +/- 200 pa; mean +/- s.d. for eleven cells) under whole-cell voltage clamp at -50 mv. 2. the photolysis response was initiated after a latency of 4-12 ms, whereas an o ... | 1993 | 8392566 |
| synaptic organization of dopaminergic amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina. | the ultrastructural features and synaptic interactions of tyrosine hydroxylase-like-immuno-reactive amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina were examined using routine immunoelectron microscopy. the somas of tyrosine hydroxylase-like-immunoreactive amacrine cells were immunostained evenly throughout their cytoplasm. their nuclei were generally unstained and possessed indented nuclear membranes. the processes of tyrosine hydroxylase-like-immunoreactive amacrine cells were homogeneous ... | 1993 | 8098517 |
| quantitative analyses of the coexistence of gamma-aminobutyric acid in substance p-amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. | the present study was performed as part of a systematic examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid's (gaba) coexistence with other classical transmitters and neuropeptides in neuronal populations of the larval tiger salamander retina. substance p immunocytochemistry was combined with either gaba immunocytochemistry or autoradiography of high-affinity gaba uptake to examine for the presence of gaba in substance p-amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. double-label analyses revealed two ... | 1993 | 7680935 |
| [contribution of nuclear magnetic imaging in the diagnosis of hallervorden-spatz syndrome]. | the manifestations of the hallervorden-spatz disease (hsd) usually appear during childhood or in adults. they are not specific and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has improved its diagnosis. | 1993 | 8507137 |
| a new case of isolated trichothiodystrophy. | we describe a new case of isolated trichothiodystrophy. this entity is characterized by sparse and brittle hair, low sulfur hair content, tiger tail pattern of the hair under polarizing microscopy, clean transverse fractures through the hair shaft and absent or defective hair cuticles. to our knowledge there are only two reported cases of isolated trichothiodystrophy without associated additional ectodermal or neuroectodermal dysplasias. polarized microscopy of cut hair showed transverse fractur ... | 1993 | 8453147 |
| characterization of the glutamate transporter in retinal cones of the tiger salamander. | l-glutamate elicits an inwardly rectifying current at hyperpolarized potentials in isolated retinal cones of the tiger salamander, as measured under whole-cell patch clamp. evidence presented in this article supports the notion that cones possess a high-affinity glutamate transporter. this glutamate-elicited current shows no desensitization over a period of several minutes, and has an affinity (km) of 10 microm. the inward current is mimicked by the amino acids l-aspartate, d-aspartate, l-cystea ... | 1993 | 8093715 |
| the permeability of the cgmp-activated channel to organic cations in retinal rods of the tiger salamander. | 1. the permeability of the channel activated by guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cgmp) to many organic monovalent cations was determined by recording macroscopic currents in excised inside-out patches of plasma membrane from isolated retinal rod outer segments of the tiger salamander. 2. current-voltage relations were measured when the nacl of the bathing medium was replaced by salts of organic cations. permeability ratios relative to na+ ions were calculated with the goldman-hodgkin-katz p ... | 1993 | 7683718 |
| a double-label analysis demonstrating the non-coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase-like and gaba-like immunoreactivities in amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. | previous studies have localized tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of dopamine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) to amacrine cell populations in the larval tiger salamander retina. double-label immunocytochemistry was used to examine if tyrosine hydroxylase-like and gaba-like immunoreactivities colocalize in tiger salamander amacrine cells. a total of 2,162 tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive amacrine cells were observed in double-labelled sections. none of ... | 1992 | 1363755 |
| ionic selectivity of ih channels of rod photoreceptors in tiger salamanders. | ionic selectivity of ih channels of tiger salamander rod photoreceptors was investigated using whole-cell voltage clamp. measured reversal potentials and the goldman-hodgkin-katz voltage equation were used to calculate permeability ratios with 20 mm k+ as a reference. in the absence of external k+, ih is small and hard to discern. hence, we defined ih as the current blocked by 2 mm external cs+. some small amines permeate ih channels, with the following permeability ratios (px/pk):nh4+, 0.17; me ... | 1992 | 1282144 |
| hallervorden-spatz disease: clinical and mri study of 11 cases diagnosed in life. | the diagnosis of hallervorden-spatz disease (hsd) has usually been made post mortem, although the recent description of characteristic abnormalities in the globus pallidus has suggested the possibility of an in vivo diagnosis. we present the clinical histories, neurological features and mri findings of 11 patients, diagnosed as having hsd. generalized dystonia with predominance of oromandibular involvement, behavioural changes followed by dementia and retinal degeneration were present in all the ... | 1992 | 1447570 |
| tigers in jeopardy. | | 1992 | 17841157 |
| contribution of ca and ca-activated cl channels to regenerative depolarization and membrane bistability of cone photoreceptors. | 1. cone photoreceptors in several vertebrate species generate ca-dependent regenerative depolarizations (e.g., ca spikes lasting up to 2 s) in response to current injection or surround illumination and may remain in a state of prolonged depolarization (e.g., a permanent plateau near 0 mv) after these stimuli. this paper, while confirming the role of ca channels in the regenerative depolarization, demonstrates that ca-activated cl channels either enhance or hinder prolonged depolarization, depend ... | 1992 | 1331354 |
| calcium homeostasis in the outer segments of retinal rods from the tiger salamander. | 1. the processes regulating intracellular calcium in the outer segments of salamander rods have been investigated. the main preparation used was the isolated rod loaded with the ca(2+)-sensitive photoprotein aequorin, from which outer segment membrane current and free [ca2+]i could be recorded simultaneously. two other preparations were also used: outer segment membrane current was recorded from intact, isolated rods using a suction pipette, and from detached outer segments using a whole-cell pi ... | 1992 | 1282928 |
| pharmacological properties of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors on ganglion cells of an amphibian retina. | 1. the pharmacological characteristics of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors on amphibian retinal ganglion cells were studied to determine their similarities or differences from nmda receptors found in mammalian central nervous system (cns) cells. cells were tested with a variety of nmda antagonists acting at sites on the nmda receptor/ion channel complex. 2. whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were obtained from ganglion cells of the larval tiger salamander with a retinal slice preparati ... | 1992 | 1382121 |
| post-registration education: a toothless tiger? | | 2016 | 1525023 |
| the spatial relationship between müller cell processes and the photoreceptor output synapse. | glutamate is the neurotransmitter released by photoreceptors in the retina. the postsynaptic action of glutamate is terminated partly by uptake into glial (müller) cells. the anatomical distribution of müller cell processes around the synaptic terminals of photoreceptors was investigated electron microscopically in the tiger salamander retina. müller cells wrap around the synaptic terminals of both rods and cones and come within 1-3 microns of the sites of glutamate release, close enough to cont ... | 1992 | 1325248 |
| amines in the marking fluid and anal sac secretion of the tiger, panthera tigris. | analysis of the marking fluid of two tigers (one bengal and one sumatran) by gc using an amine-specific column and a nitrogen-specific detector has shown the presence of the following amines: ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, and butane-1,4-diamine (putrescine). in contrast to previously published reports, we were unable to detect 2-phenylethylamine. the anal sac secretion was found to have a similar amine content. | 2016 | 1388518 |
| a double-label study demonstrating that all serotonin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina express gaba-like immunoreactivity. | a previous study localized serotonin-like immunoreactivity to amacrine cell populations in the larval tiger salamander retina. the present double-label immunocytochemical analysis of the tiger salamander retina was performed to determine if gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-like immunoreactivity is expressed by serotonin-immunoreactive amacrine cells. more than 3,000 serotonin-amacrine cells were observed in double-label preparations, and all were found to express gaba-like immunoreactivity. this f ... | 1992 | 1504841 |
| intracellular injection of vital dyes into single cells in the salamander olfactory epithelium. | intracellular vital dye injection was used to examine the morphology of single sustentacular and receptor cells and the developmental fate of individual basal cells in the olfactory epithelium of the tiger salamander. in acute experiments, lucifer yellow injections were used to identify single basal, receptor or sustentacular cells on the basis of their overall morphology. dye-coupling between a number of the different epithelial cells was observed. progeny of basal cells were examined by follow ... | 1992 | 1380147 |
| the national practitioner data bank: big brother or paper tiger? | | 2000 | 10121442 |
| research, education, caries, and care--taming and turning the restorative tiger. | | 1992 | 1587968 |
| cation interactions within the cyclic gmp-activated channel of retinal rods from the tiger salamander. | 1. the ionic dependence of current through the 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic gmp)-activated channels of salamander rods was studied in excised inside-out membrane patches from isolated outer segments. voltage-clamp experiments on transducing rods were performed so that the channels in intact cells could be compared with those in excised patches. 2. the reversal potential of the cyclic gmp-induced patch current was close to the na+ equilibrium potential when the concentration of na ... | 1992 | 1381754 |
| two types of glutamate receptors differentially excite amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina. | 1. excitatory inputs to amacrine cells in the salamander retinal slice preparation were examined using whole-cell patch pipette voltage-clamp techniques. in strychnine (500 nm) and bicuculline (100 microm), two types of amacrine cell were easily distinguished by their light-evoked excitatory responses: transient and sustained. 2. in transient amacrine cells the current-voltage (i-v) relation for the peak light-evoked current was non-linear with a negative slope region between -50 and -70 mv. res ... | 1992 | 1355793 |
| catecholamine effects on dissociated tiger salamander muller (glial) cells. | dissociated muller (glial) cells from the neotenous tiger salamander retina respond electrogenically and rheogenically to three putative catecholamine (ca) neurotransmitters, epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine. all 3 cas stimulate a net inward current and an increase in input resistance (rn). the muller cell response to the cas is concentration dependent. at high concentrations ascorbate, an antioxidant used to protect the cas from oxidation, stimulated a net outward current and a decrease ... | 1992 | 1571780 |
| tissue inhomogeneity correction for brachytherapy sources in a heterogeneous phantom with cylindrical symmetry. | in brachytherapy it is customary to perform dose calculations for an implant assuming that the tumor and surrounding tissues constitute a uniform, homogeneous medium equivalent to water. in this work, the validity of the above assumption is studied quantitatively for points along the transverse axis of 103pd, 125i, and 241am brachytherapy sources, using measured and monte carlo calculated dose rates in homogeneous and heterogeneous media with cylindrical symmetry. the irradiation geometry chosen ... | 2017 | 1584139 |
| hypoprebetalipoproteinemia, acanthocytosis, retinitis pigmentosa, and pallidal degeneration (harp syndrome). | we describe the clinical and laboratory studies of an 11-year-old girl with prominent orofacial dyskinesia, dystonia, and progressive dementia. investigations revealed hypoprebetalipoproteinemia, acanthocytosis, atypical retinitis pigmentosa, and evidence of iron deposition in the pallidal nuclei. electroneuromyography and skin and sural nerve biopsies were normal. the "eye-of-the-tiger" sign, used to describe the pallidal nuclei in hallervorden-spatz syndrome, was present on t2-weighted mris (g ... | 1992 | 1734303 |
| neuronal ectopia in tiger retina. | ocular pathology in a ten week-old tiger is described. in the retinae of both glaucomatous eyes, venous congestion and scattered hemorrhages were observed; rare perivascular infiltrates were seen. the basal lamina of the inner limiting membrane was considerably thickened, and serous exudates were widely distributed within the vitreous body. the retina was studied with a series of specific antibodies. müller (glial) cells were well developed and could be immuno-labelled by antibodies against both ... | 1992 | 1479197 |
| dissociation of lethal toxicity and enzymic activity of notexin from notechis scutatus scutatus (australian-tiger-snake) venom by modification of tyrosine residues. | notexin from notechis scutatus scutatus snake venom was subjected to tyrosine modification with p-nitrobenzenesulphonyl fluoride (nbsf), and four modified derivatives were separated by h.p.l.c. the results of amino acid analysis and sequence determination revealed that only tyr-7, tyr-70 and tyr-77 were modified in notexin. modification of tyr-7 resulted in decreases in lethal toxicity and enzymic activity by 70.2% and 22.7% respectively. conversely, modification of tyr-77 caused a 1.8-fold incr ... | 1991 | 1764038 |
| admissions for suspected snake bite to the perth adult teaching hospitals, 1979 to 1988. | to describe the epidemiology of snake bite in perth, and the likelihood of envenomation. | 2006 | 1745167 |
| dual effect of glycine on horizontal cells of the tiger salamander retina. | 1. the effects of glycine on horizontal cells have been examined by microelectrode recording from superfused retinas isolated from the salamander. 2. low concentrations of glycine (less than 50 microm) hyperpolarized horizontal cells and increased the magnitude of their light responses. millimolar concentrations produced the opposite effect of depolarizing these cells and reducing their light response amplitudes. 3. in the presence of co2+ and mg2+ at concentrations sufficient to suppress the li ... | 1991 | 1812231 |
| a double-label study demonstrating that enkephalin and somatostatin are localized in separate populations of amacrine cells in the larval tiger salamander retina. | previous studies have localized enkephalin and somatostatin to amacrine cell populations in the larval tiger salamander retina. double-label immunocytochemistry was utilized to examine if enkephalin- and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities are colocalized to tiger salamander amacrine cells. of the more than 2000 labelled cells observed in double-labelled preparations, none were found to express both enkephalin and somatostatin immunoreactivity. therefore, these studies demonstrate that in the l ... | 1991 | 1686484 |
| double-label analyses demonstrating the non-coexistence of enkephalin and glycine in amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. | enkephalin immunocytochemistry was combined with either glycine immunocytochemistry or autoradiography of high-affinity glycine uptake to examine for colocalization of enkephalin and glycine in amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. a total of 995 enkephalin-immunoreactive amacrine cells were visualized in double-label preparations. none of the enkephalin-labelled cells was observed to co-label for markers of glycinergic activity. | 1991 | 1799867 |
| amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina: morphology, physiology, and neurotransmitter identification. | amacrine cells of the vertebrate retina comprise multiple neurochemical types. yet details of their electrophysiological and morphology properties as they relate to neurotransmitter content are limited. this issue of relating light responsiveness, dendritic projection, and neurotransmitter content has been addressed in the retinal slice preparation of the tiger salamander. amacrine cells were whole-cell clamped and stained with lucifer yellow (ly), then processed to determine their immunoreactiv ... | 1991 | 1683878 |
| cgmp-gated conductance in retinal bipolar cells is suppressed by the photoreceptor transmitter. | transmitter release from photoreceptors is decreased by light, resulting in a conductance increase in depolarizing bipolar cells. addition of exogenous cgmp through a patch pipette to depolarizing bipolar cells from slices of dark-adapted tiger salamander retina resulted in an enhancement of the light response. this enhancement was blocked by gtp-gamma-s and dipyridamole, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase. gtp-gamma-s and dipyridamole also blocked responses to exogenously applied 2-amino-4-phosp ... | 1991 | 1681833 |
| coexistence and function of glutamate receptor subtypes in the horizontal cells of the tiger salamander retina. | effects of the major glutamate receptor agonists, kainate (ka), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (ampa), quisqualate (qa), n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda), l-alpha-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (l-ap4), and trans-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (acpd) on horizontal cells (hcs) were studied in superfused larval tiger salamander retina. 20 microm of ka, ampa, and qa mimicked the action of 3 mm glutamate in the absence and presence of 1 mm co2+. 20 microm 6-cyano-7-nitroqu ... | 1991 | 1661137 |
| reciprocal latitudinal clines in oviposition behavior ofpapilio glaucus andp. canadensis across the great lakes hybrid zone: possible sex-linkage of oviposition preferences. | the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly,papilio glaucus, is the most polyphagous of all papilionidae species. while diverse larval detoxication abilities are known for bothpapilio glaucus and the closely relatedp. canadensis, the factors affecting oviposition preferences in adult females are unknown. these congeneric species were studied to determine the extent of oviposition mistakes on toxic plants. we were also interested in comparing the geographic patterns of variation in oviposition prefer ... | 1991 | 28313263 |
| a cultural psychiatric study on tattoos of young korean males. | in 2, 178 tattooed male conscripts in ages of 19-24 years, the most frequent tattoo was a heart mark or a mark of heart and arrow. the chinese characters which mean "one mind," eagles, dragons, some of 12 zodiacal animals, flowers, and flowers and butterflies or birds were also frequent. the ten korean symbols of long life and symbols which have been traditionally believed as having evil-repelling powers, for example, blue dragon or white tiger were also found. the frequency of images were diffe ... | 1991 | 1781185 |
| fatal cerebral haemorrhage after tiger snake bite. | | 1991 | 1875858 |
| fatal cerebral haemorrhage after tiger snake bite. | | 1991 | 2067450 |
| a re-examination of enkephalin's coexistence with gamma-aminobutyric acid in amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. | double-label immunocytochemistry was utilized to re-examine the colocalization of enkephalin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in amacrine cells of the larval tiger salamander retina. a total of 465 enkephalin-immunoreactive amacrine cells were identified and in all cases these cells were gaba-immunoreactive. this finding corroborates a previous study that showed greater than 96% of enkephalin-amacrine cells in the tiger salamander retina to specifically accumulate [3h]gaba and provides additio ... | 1991 | 1913167 |
| a paper tiger? | | 2004 | 2047269 |
| control of retinal information coding by gabab receptors. | the directional selectivity of amacrine and ganglion cells was studied using conventional intracellular recording techniques and drug application in the superfused retina-eyecup preparation of the tiger salamander. baclofen, a gabab receptor agonist, enhanced normal directional responses in some directionally selective third-order neurons. in about 30% of the cells that were not normally directional, baclofen induced direction-selective responses. this effect was particularly marked when 2-amino ... | 1991 | 1646300 |
| a tiger by the tail: tackling barriers to differentiated practice. | nurses in south dakota are moving forward with new models for nursing practice. consensus-building efforts led to the development of a conference focused on differentiated nursing practice. the nominal group process was an effective tool for the identification of strategies to implement new models of nursing practice. the concept of differentiated practice has significant implications for continuing nursing educators as they work with existing nurses to create a new pattern for nursing. | 2016 | 1907295 |
| input-output relations of the feedback synapse between horizontal cells and cones in the tiger salamander retina. | 1. the input-output relation of the feedback synapse between horizontal cells (hcs) and cones was studied by simultaneously recording the light responses of the hcs and of cones the outer segments of which were truncated off. 2. the postsynaptic light response of the truncated cone was depolarizing and free of direct influence of photocurrents. these postsynaptic light responses were graded and sustained; their waveform resembled that of the hc light responses. 3. input-output relation of the hc ... | 1991 | 1651374 |
| calling for bigger cats. | i thought it would be helpful to put the record straight in response to g cornfield's letter on credit ratings for students on 'traditional' and project 2000 programmes (project 2000 paper tigers, nursing standard, april 3). | 1991 | 27662737 |
| tiger teams draw researchers' snarls. | | 1991 | 17740923 |
| project 2000 paper tigers. | i am a second-year rmn student, and also the chair of the learners' council at my school of nursing. | 1991 | 27663341 |
| synaptic connections, receptive fields, and patterns of activity in the tiger salamander retina. a simulation of patterns of activity formed at each cellular level from photoreceptors to ganglion cells [the friendenwald lecture]. | | 1991 | 2001922 |
| depolarizing actions of gaba and glycine on amphibian retinal horizontal cells. | 1. the effects of inhibitory amino acid transmitters on horizontal cells in the superfused amphibian retina were studied by the use of conventional intracellular recording techniques. 2. gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) caused a calcium-independent depolarization of horizontal cells in mud puppy and tiger salamander. this action was mimicked by muscimol but not baclofen (bac) and blocked by bicuculline and picrotoxin (ptx), matching the gabaa receptor profile. 3. the purported gaba uptake inhibito ... | 1991 | 1646870 |
| fatal cerebral haemorrhage after tiger snake (notechis scutatus) envenomation. | this case report illustrates the threat to life posed by tiger snake venom-induced coagulopathy, the importance of first-aid, precautions with antivenom administration, the dose of antivenom and the necessity to monitor the coagulation status. | 1991 | 1953836 |
| response properties of cones from the retina of the tiger salamander. | 1. spectral sensitivity measurements using the suction electrode technique reveal three types of cone in the retina of the tiger salamander, showing maximum sensitivity at wavelengths 610 nm (red-sensitive cone), 444 nm (blue-sensitive cone) and below 400 nm (uv-sensitive cone). 2. the absolute sensitivities of red- and blue-sensitive cones to flashes of optimal wavelength are 0.022 and 0.33 pa photon-1 micron 2 respectively. 3. the time-to-peak of the dim flash response and the recovery of memb ... | 1991 | 1841958 |
| venom constituents of notechis scutatus scutatus (australian tiger snake) from differing geographic regions. | column chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of notechis scutatus scutatus venom showed that the venoms from different geographical locations had variations in their constituents. the venom collected from south australia region contained both notexin and notechis ii-5. the relative quantity of notechis ii-5 was about three times that of notexin. on the other hand, the venom from victoria region contained large amounts of notexin, but lacked notechis ii-5. instead, an unknown nont ... | 1991 | 1814009 |
| tiger assault: an unusual mode of head injury. | | 1991 | 1652402 |
| ten years of snake bites at fremantle hospital. | seventy-six patients (30% children) were admitted to fremantle hospital over 10 years with suspected snake bite. twenty-nine patients were definitely bitten, with 26 bites being witnessed. of the 13 patients definitely envenomated, 11 had a coagulopathy although seven were asymptomatic; four other patients may have been envenomated. the dugite (pseudonaja affinis) was probably responsible for most envenomations. eleven of the 13 envenomated patients received antivenom (six brown snake, four poly ... | 2004 | 2246987 |
| population structure and host use in hybridizing subspecies of papilio glaucus (lepidoptera: papilionidae). | two parapatric subspecies of the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly, papilio glaucus glaucus and p. g. canadensis, differ greatly in larval survival and growth on host plants in the magnoliaceae, salicaceae, and betulaceae. in the first part of this study, butterflies were collected from 17 sites along a transect from georgia to quebec and used for allozyme electrophoresis. two x- (or z-)linked enzyme loci (ldh and pgd) showed allele frequency differences that delineated a hybrid zone between t ... | 1990 | 28564427 |
| the effects of quinidine on sodium-dependent calcium efflux in isolated rod photoreceptors of the salamander retina. | the effect of quinidine on the membrane current generated by the na:ca, k exchange has been investigated in the outer segment of isolated rod photoreceptors from the retina of the larval tiger salamander. the inward exchange current associated with the efflux of ca2+ was selectively recorded by introducing a ca2+ load through the light-sensitive channels, and then shutting these channels with a bright light. quinidine (20-1000 microm) reduced the magnitude of the exchange current and slowed its ... | 1990 | 1707516 |
| sensitization of bleached rod photoreceptors by 11-cis-locked analogues of retinal. | photoactivation of rhodopsin initiates both excitation and adaptation in vertebrate rod photoreceptors. bleaching of rhodopsin to free opsin and all-trans-retinal in isolated rods produces a stable desensitization (bleaching adaptation) that is much larger than expected from pigment depletion alone. in our experiments, a 93% bleach produced a 500-fold increase in the light intensity required for saturation of the light response. this component of adaptation was 32-fold larger than the 16-fold in ... | 1990 | 2395874 |
| effect of tissue inhomogeneity on dose distribution of point sources of low-energy electrons. | perturbation in dose distributions of point sources of low-energy electrons at planar interfaces of cortical bone (cb) and red marrow (rm) was investigated experimentally and by monte carlo codes egs and the tiger series. ultrathin lif thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure the dose distributions of point sources of 204tl and 147pm in rm. when the point sources were at 12 mg/cm2 from a planar interface of cb and rm equivalent plastics, dose enhancement ratios in rm averaged over the r ... | 2017 | 2233564 |
| effect of season on seminal traits and serum hormone concentrations in captive male siberian tigers (panthera tigris). | electroejaculates and serum samples were collected throughout the year from 5 male siberian tigers. semen quality, seminal plasma chemistry and serum hormone concentrations were evaluated and analysed as a function of season. semen volume, concentration, motility, viability and morphology were not influenced by season. the ability of spermatozoa to undergo capacitation and penetrate zona-free hamster eggs did not differ due to season. season had no influence on seminal plasma concentrations of a ... | 1990 | 2231534 |
| independent influences of rod adaptation on cone-mediated responses to light onset and offset in distal retinal neurons. | 1. the influence of rod adaptation on cone-mediated intracellular responses of distal retinal neurons was examined in the larval tiger salamander. rods were selectively stimulated by the use of 450-520 nm adapting stimuli too dim to appreciably influence cones. cones were primarily stimulated with the use of deep-red stimuli (maximally sensitive to wavelengths greater than 650 nm). the qualitative properties of rod-cone interaction were assessed with the use of several different photic-stimulus ... | 1990 | 2230916 |
| catching information technology by the tail for problem-based learning. | while computer-based resources are appealing, there is currently little evidence that they are superior to less expensive, traditional educational technologies and thus their introduction will be slow until we learn how to benefit from them. the lesson learned from the orientation of problem-based learning is that communications aspects of the new technologies may be much more important and should be, at least currently, the focus of attention. thus, rather than concerning ourselves with the tig ... | 1990 | 2204645 |
| cellular mechanisms that underlie bleaching and background adaptation. | experiments were performed on rod photoreceptors isolated from the eye of the larval tiger salamander to determine if the same or different mechanisms underlie the desensitization produced by dim background light (background adaptation) and that which persists in the steady state in darkness after a significant fraction of the photopigment is bleached (bleaching adaptation). we have examined adaptational effects after light that bleached between approximately 50% and 95% of the photopigment unde ... | 1990 | 1698916 |
| synaptic inputs from rods and cones to horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina. | synaptic inputs from rods and cones to horizontal cells (hcs) were studied in the flatmounted isolated retinas of the tiger salamander. voltage-intensity relations, spectral sensitivities and response waveforms of the rod, the cone, and the hc under dark- and light-adapted conditions were examined. hcs receive mixed inputs from rods and cones in both dark- and light-adapted retinas. the relative rod/cone input in hcs depends on the intensity of stimulus and background illumination, and it varies ... | 1990 | 2242218 |