| coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales. | many wildlife species face imminent extinction because of human impacts, and therefore, a prevailing belief is that some wildlife species, particularly large carnivores and ungulates, cannot coexist with people at fine spatial scales (i.e., cannot regularly use the exact same point locations). this belief provides rationale for various conservation programs, such as resettling human communities outside protected areas. however, quantitative information on the capacity and mechanisms for wildlife ... | 2012 | 22949642 |
| patterns in abundance and diversity of faecally dispersed parasites of tiger in tadoba national park, central india. | importance of parasites in ecological and evolutionary interactions is being increasingly recognized. however, ecological data on parasites of important host species is still scanty. we analyze the patterns seen in the faecal parasites of tigers in the tadoba national park, india, and speculate on the factors and processes shaping the parasite community and the possible implications for tiger ecology. | 2002 | 12000685 |
| analytical methods for chemical and sensory characterization of scent-markings in large wild mammals: a review. | in conjoining the disciplines of "ethology" and "chemistry" the field of "ethochemistry" has been instituted. ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. particular attention has recently been focuse ... | 2014 | 24603639 |
| construction of a full-length enriched cdna library and preliminary analysis of expressed sequence tags from bengal tiger panthera tigris tigris. | in this study, a full-length enriched cdna library was successfully constructed from bengal tiger, panthera tigris tigris, the most well-known wild animal. total rna was extracted from cultured bengal tiger fibroblasts in vitro. the titers of primary and amplified libraries were 1.28 × 106 pfu/ml and 1.56 × 109 pfu/ml respectively. the percentage of recombinants from unamplified library was 90.2% and average length of exogenous inserts was 0.98 kb. a total of 212 individual ests with sizes rangi ... | 2013 | 23708105 |
| prioritizing tiger conservation through landscape genetics and habitat linkages. | even with global support for tiger (panthera tigris) conservation their survival is threatened by poaching, habitat loss and isolation. currently about 3,000 wild tigers persist in small fragmented populations within seven percent of their historic range. identifying and securing habitat linkages that connect source populations for maintaining landscape-level gene flow is an important long-term conservation strategy for endangered carnivores. however, habitat corridors that link regional tiger p ... | 2014 | 25393234 |
| human-wildlife conflicts in nepal: patterns of human fatalities and injuries caused by large mammals. | injury and death from wildlife attacks often result in people feeling violent resentment and hostility against the wildlife involved and, therefore, may undermine public support for conservation. although nepal, with rich biodiversity, is doing well in its conservation efforts, human-wildlife conflicts have been a major challenge in recent years. the lack of detailed information on the spatial and temporal patterns of human-wildlife conflicts at the national level impedes the development of effe ... | 2016 | 27612174 |
| assessing patterns of human-wildlife conflicts and compensation around a central indian protected area. | mitigating crop and livestock loss to wildlife and improving compensation distribution are important for conservation efforts in landscapes where people and wildlife co-occur outside protected areas. the lack of rigorously collected spatial data poses a challenge to management efforts to minimize loss and mitigate conflicts. we surveyed 735 households from 347 villages in a 5154 km(2) area surrounding kanha tiger reserve in india. we modeled self-reported household crop and livestock loss as a f ... | 2012 | 23227173 |
| glucocorticoid stress responses of reintroduced tigers in relation to anthropogenic disturbance in sariska tiger reserve in india. | tiger (panthera tigris), an endangered species, is under severe threat from poaching, habitat loss, prey depletion and habitat disturbance. such factors have been reported causing local extermination of tiger populations including in one of the most important reserves in india, namely sariska tiger reserve (str) in northwestern india. consequently, tigers were reintroduced in str between 2008 and 2010, but inadequate breeding success was observed over the years, thus invoking an investigation to ... | 2015 | 26061171 |
| philopatry and dispersal patterns in tiger (panthera tigris). | tiger populations are dwindling rapidly making it increasingly difficult to study their dispersal and mating behaviour in the wild, more so tiger being a secretive and solitary carnivore. | 2013 | 23843973 |
| new hope for the survival of the amur leopard in china. | natural range loss limits the population growth of asian big cats and may determine their survival. over the past decade, we collected occurrence data of the critically endangered amur leopard worldwide and developed a distribution model of the leopard's historical range in northeastern china over the past decade. we were interested to explore how much current range area exists, learn what factors limit their spatial distribution, determine the population size and estimate the extent of potentia ... | 2015 | 26638877 |
| monoclonal antibodies to human butyrylcholinesterase reactive with butyrylcholinesterase in animal plasma. | five mouse anti-human butyrylcholinesterase (bche) monoclonal antibodies bind tightly to native human bche with nanomolar dissociation constants. pairing analysis in the octet system identified the monoclonal antibodies that bind to overlapping and independent epitopes on human bche. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 4 monoclonal antibodies are deposited in genbank. our goal was to determine which of the 5 monoclonal antibodies recognize bche in the plasma of animals. binding of monoclo ... | 2015 | 26585590 |
| response of a mu-class glutathione s-transferase from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon to aflatoxin b1 exposure. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) are a family of multifunctional phase ii enzymes that are involved in the detoxification of exogenous and endogenous compounds. in this study, a full-length cdna of mu-class gst (pmmugst) was isolated from the hepatopancreas of penaeus monodon using rapid amplification of cdna ends method. the full length cdna of pmmugst is 867 bp, contains an open read frame of 660 bp, and encodes a polypeptide of 219 amino acids with a molecular mass of 25.61 kda and pi of 6.1 ... | 2016 | 27386274 |
| estimating the population size and genetic diversity of amur tigers in northeast china. | over the past century, the endangered amur tiger (panthera tigris altaica) has experienced a severe contraction in demography and geographic range because of habitat loss, poaching, and prey depletion. in its historical home in northeast china, there appears to be a single tiger population that includes tigers in southwest primorye and northeast china; however, the current demographic status of this population is uncertain. information on the abundance, distribution and genetic diversity of this ... | 2016 | 27100387 |
| assessment of crop damage by protected wild mammalian herbivores on the western boundary of tadoba-andhari tiger reserve (tatr), central india. | crop raiding by wild herbivores close to an area of protected wildlife is a serious problem that can potentially undermine conservation efforts. since there is orders of magnitude difference between farmers' perception of damage and the compensation given by the government, an objective and realistic estimate of damage was found essential. we employed four different approaches to estimate the extent of and patterns in crop damage by wild herbivores along the western boundary of tadoba-andhari ti ... | 2016 | 27093293 |
| ranging, activity and habitat use by tigers in the mangrove forests of the sundarban. | the sundarban of india and bangladesh (about 6000 km²) are the only mangrove forests inhabited by a sizeable population of tigers. the adjoining area also supports one of the highest human densities and experiences severe human-tiger conflicts. we used gps-satellite and vhf radio-collars on 6 (3 males and 3 female) tigers to study their ranging patterns and habitat preference. the average home range (95% fixed kernel) for resident females was 56.4 (se 5.69) and for males it was 110 (se 49) km². ... | 2016 | 27049644 |
| schrodinger's scat: a critical review of the currently available tiger (panthera tigris) and leopard (panthera pardus) specific primers in india, and a novel leopard specific primer. | non-invasive sampling has opened avenues for the genetic study of elusive species, which has contributed significantly to their conservation. where field based identity of non-invasive sample is ambiguous (e.g. carnivore scats), it is essential to establish identity of the species through molecular approaches. a cost effective procedure to ascertain species identity is to use species specific primers (ssp) for pcr amplification and subsequent resolution through agarose gel electrophoresis. howev ... | 2016 | 26860950 |
| pantothenate kinase 2 mutation with eye-of-the-tiger sign on magnetic resonance imaging in three siblings. | pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration (pkan) is the most prevalent type of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (nbia) disorders characterized by extrapyramidal signs, and 'eye-of-the-tiger' on t2 brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri) characterized by hypointensity in globus pallidus and a hyperintensity in its core. all pkan patients have homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in pank2 gene. | 0 | 24250886 |
| responses of tadpoles to hybrid predator odours: strong maternal signatures and the potential risk/response mismatch. | previous studies have established that when a prey animal knows the identity of a particular predator, it can use this knowledge to make an 'educated guess' about similar novel predators. such generalization of predator recognition may be particularly beneficial when prey are exposed to introduced and invasive species of predators or hybrids. here, we examined generalization of predator recognition for woodfrog tadpoles exposed to novel trout predators. tadpoles conditioned to recognize tiger tr ... | 0 | 26041358 |
| molecular characterization of a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase from the chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis. | a cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase gene (es-cmnsod) was cloned from the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the rapid amplification of cdna ends. the open reading frame of es-cmnsod is 867 bp in length and encodes a 288-amino acid protein without a signal peptide. the calculated molecular mass of the translated protein of es-cmnsod is 31.43 kda, with an estimated isoelectric point of 6.30. the deduced amino acid sequence of es ... | 2014 | 25501153 |
| comparative genomics of an emerging amphibian virus. | ranaviruses, a genus of the iridoviridae, are large double-stranded dna viruses that infect cold-blooded vertebrates worldwide. ranaviruses have caused severe epizootics in commercial frog and fish populations, and are currently classified as notifiable pathogens in international trade. previous work shows that a ranavirus that infects tiger salamanders throughout western north america (ambystoma tigrinum virus, or atv) is in high prevalence among salamanders in the fishing bait trade. bait atv ... | 2015 | 26530419 |
| selected emerging diseases of amphibia. | this review summarizes the most recent updates on emerging infectious diseases of amphibia. a brief summary of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, life cycle, diagnosis, treatment, and biosecurity is provided. ambystoma tigrinum virus, common midwife toad virus, frog virus 3, rana grylio virus, rana catesbeiana ranavirus, mahaffey road virus, rana esculenta virus, bohle iridovirus, and tiger frog virus ranaviruses are extensively reviewed. emerging bacterial patho ... | 2013 | 23642863 |
| combined effects of virus, pesticide, and predator cue on the larval tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum). | emerging diseases and environmental contamination are two of the leading hypotheses for global amphibian declines. yet few studies have examined the influence of contaminants on disease susceptibility, and even fewer have incorporated the role of natural stressors such as predation. we performed a factorial study investigating the interaction of the insecticide carbaryl, dragonfly predator cue, and the emerging pathogen ambystoma tigrinum virus (atv) on fitness correlates and disease susceptibil ... | 2011 | 21523490 |
| [volvulus of the small bowel due to ascaris lumbricoides package: about a case]. | we report an exceptional case of a 7 year-old patient with necrotic small bowel volvulus due to adult ascaris lumbricoides. at the admission, the child had intestinal obstruction evolving since two days with alteration of general state. abdominal radiography without preparation showed small bowel air-fluid levels and tiger-stripe appearance evoking the diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction associated with abdominal mass. after resuscitation, the surgical treatment consisted of laparotomy whi ... | 2016 | 27795803 |
| laboratory susceptibility of wyeomyia smithii (diptera: culicidae) to ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae). | gregarines in the genus ascogregarina are not known to develop in sabethine mosquitoes, but we successfully infected larvae of wyeomyia smithii with ascogregarina taiwanensis in the laboratory. ascogregarina taiwanensis is a natural parasite of the exotic asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. only 18% to 70% of the w. smithii larvae had visible trophozoites, with a range of 1-92 per larva. trophozoites persisted in the midgut for more than 37 d, and one adult female w. smithii had gametocysts ... | 2007 | 12425526 |
| developmental synchrony of ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) within aedes albopictus (diptera: cuclicidae). | development of ascogregarina taiwanensis lien & levine was synchronized with its host, the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse). trophozoites of the parasite migrate to the malpighian tubules where the gamonts fuse to form gametocysts and later mature oocysts. in this study, we observed that water temperature, which alters the development time of mosquito larvae, also affected parasite development. a. taiwanensis developed in a shorter time at 29 degrees c, whereas at 14 degrees c, the ... | 1996 | 8742523 |
| a novel biosurfactant produced by aureobasidium pullulans l3-gpy from a tiger lily wild flower, lilium lancifolium thunb. | yeast biosurfactants are important biotechnological products in the food industry, and they have medical and cosmeceutical applications owing to their specific modes of action, low toxicity, and applicability. thus, we have isolated and examined biosurfactant-producing yeast for various industrial and medical applications. a rapid and simple method was developed to screen biosurfactant-producing yeasts for high production of eco-friendly biosurfactants. using this method, several potential niche ... | 2015 | 25849549 |
| bacteria-based polythene degradation products: gc-ms analysis and toxicity testing. | polythene degradation leads to the production of various by-products depending upon the type of degradation process. the polythene degradation products (pedp) in the culture supernatant of the two bacteria (lysinibacillus fusiformis strain vasb14/wl and bacillus cereus strain vasb1/ts) were analyzed with gc-ms technique. the major by-products in the pedp in the culture supernatant of l. fusiformis strain vasb14/wl (1,2,3,4 tetra methyl benzene) and b. cereus strain vasb1/ts (1,2,3 trimethyl benz ... | 2016 | 26888528 |
| screening of marine bacteria with bacteriocin-like activities and probiotic potential for ornate spiny lobster (panulirus ornatus) juveniles. | bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides, which have been found in diverse bacterial species of terrestrial origins and some from the sea. new bacteriocins with new characteristics, new origins and new applications are likely still awaiting discovery. the present study screened bacteria isolated from marine animals of interest to the aquaculture industry for antimicrobial and bacteriocin-like activities in order to uncover biodiversity of bacteriocin producers, and explore ... | 2014 | 24969424 |
| assessment of microbial quality of commercial and home-made tiger-nut beverages. | we aimed to assess the microbiological quality of spanish commercial tiger-nut beverages as well as home-made samples collected from supermarkets, street vendors, juice bars and ice-cream parlours located in valencia. | 2012 | 22283438 |
| a novel c-type lectin in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon functions as a pattern recognition receptor by binding and causing bacterial agglutination. | c-type lectins are pattern recognition proteins that play important roles in innate immunity in invertebrates by mediating the recognition of pathogens. in this study, a novel c-type lectin gene, pmclec, was cloned and characterized from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. the open reading frame of pmclec is 657 bp in length. it encodes a predicted protein of 218 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass and an isoelectric point of 24086 da and 4.67, respectively. sequence analysis of pmc ... | 2017 | 27876622 |
| protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome by continuous oral administration of a low concentration of bacillus subtilis spores expressing the vp28 antigen. | in this study, bacillus subtilis spores expressing a chimeric protein, cotb-vp28, were used as a probiotic vaccine to protect black tiger shrimps (penaeus monodon) against white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection. oral administration of pellets coated with cotb-vp28 spores (at ≥1 × 10(9 ) cfu per g pellet) to shrimps induced immune-relating phenoloxydase activity (po) in shrimps after 14 days of feeding (prior challenge) and at day 3 post challenge (1·26 and 1·70 fold increase respectively). a ... | 2017 | 27992657 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular cholesterol oxidase of bacillus subtilis isolated from tiger excreta. | a mesophilic bacillus sp. initially isolated from tiger excreta and later identified as a bacillus subtilis strain was used to produce an extracellular cholesterol oxidase (cox) in cholesterol-enriched broth. this bacterial isolate was studied for the production of cox by manipulation of various physicochemical parameters. the extracellular cox was successfully purified from the cell-free culture broth of b. subtilis by successive salting out with ammonium sulfate, dialysis, and riboflavin-affin ... | 2016 | 26453032 |
| melanization reaction products of shrimp display antimicrobial properties against their major bacterial and fungal pathogens. | melanization is a rapid defense mechanism in invertebrates. the substrate specificity of phenoloxidases (pos) and the role of melanization reaction products were investigated in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. two pmpos (pmpropo1 and pmpropo2) were found to display a substrate specificity towards monophenols and diphenols, and exhibit relatively weak activity against 5,6-dihydroxyindole (dhi). systemic infection of the pmpropo1/2 co-silenced shrimp with the fungus, fusarium solani, led ... | 2014 | 25043262 |
| gene expression and characterization of a serine proteinase inhibitor pmserpin8 from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | the ubiquitous serpins or serine proteinase inhibitors are essential for controlling proteinases in several biological processes in various organisms. a pmserpin8, one of eight serpins identified from the penaeus monodon database, is studied and reported herein. the open reading frame of pmserpin8 gene derived from a genomic gene contains 5 exons of 320, 139, 244, 239 and 312 bp separated by 4 introns of 447, 657, 326 and 479 bp. the pmserpin8 gene is highly expressed at nauplius stage and gradu ... | 2012 | 22738762 |
| first mass development of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae)-its surveillance and control in germany. | the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus has undergone a dramatic expansion of its range in the last few decades. since its first detection in 2007 in germany at the motorway a5 coming from italy via switzerland to germany, it has been continuously introduced by vehicles, most probably from italy. after a hint from an alert gardener in an allotment garden area in freiburg, southwest germany, in 2015, a surveillance programme was started focusing on the garden area and adjacent areas as well as ... | 2017 | 28116530 |
| effects of a red marker dye on aedes and culex larvae: are there implications for operational mosquito control? | marker dyes are often mixed with liquid insecticide formulations prior to field applications to accurately determine the characteristics and penetration of droplets into targeted habitats. we have been using fd&c red 40 granular dm food dye at the rate of 20 g/liter in liquid solutions of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) for area-wide larvicide applications against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. the bti and dye mix ratio has been recommended by pesticide manufacturers for te ... | 2015 | 26675462 |
| taming a tiger in the city: comparison of motorized backpack applications and source reduction against the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | we evaluated 2 strategies to manage aedes albopictus: 1) motorized backpack applications and 2) source reduction (coupled with hand-applied applications of larvicide). backpack applications used a water-dispersible granular formulation (vectobac wdg) of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), whereas source reduction used granular formulations of the insect growth regulator methoprene (altosid) combined with a monomolecular film surfactant (agnique). six subplots (total 8.02 ha) were sele ... | 2014 | 25102592 |
| laboratory tests on the efficacy of vbc60035, a combined larvicidal formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (strain am65-52) and bacillus sphaericus (strain 2362) against aedes albopictus in simulated catch basins. | catch basins are a common breeding site for mosquito larvae in urban areas. the arrival in spain of the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, has turned catch basins into a challenging public health issue in some areas such as the baix llobregat region, where more than 135,000 units are treated per year in a large-scale application program. although biorational larvicides are used, modern formulations providing longer efficacy periods could lead to manpower savings. laboratory indoor trials ar ... | 2013 | 24199503 |
| serosurvey of free-ranging amur tigers in the russian far east. | wild amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica, n=44) from the russian far east were tested for antibodies to feline leukemia virus, feline corona virus (fcov), feline immunodeficiency virus, feline parvovirus (fpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), toxoplasma gondii, and bartonella henselae. antibodies to fcov, cdv, fpv, and t. gondii were detected in 43, 15, 68, and 42% of tigers, respectively. no differences were detected in antibody prevalence estimates between tigers captured as part of a research ... | 2012 | 22247389 |
| [dynamic investigation on the co-infection status of two pathogens in ticks from tourist point in heilongjiang province]. | to monitor the co-infection status of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b.b.s.l) and spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) in tourist areas of heilongjiang province. | 2012 | 22883181 |
| antiadhesive activity of poly-hydroxy butyrate biopolymer from a marine brevibacterium casei msi04 against shrimp pathogenic vibrios. | vibrio pathogens are causative agents of mid-culture outbreaks, and early mortality syndrome and secondary aetiology of most dreadful viral outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture. among the pathogenic vibrios group, vibrio alginolyticus and v. harveyi are considered as the most significant ones in the grow-out ponds of giant black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in india. use of antibiotics was banned in many countries due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and accumulation of residual antib ... | 2014 | 25115578 |
| glanders outbreak at tehran zoo, iran. | in december 2010 four, lions and one tiger died at the tehran zoo. out of all samples, burkholderia mallei (causative agent of glanders) was isolated just from ulcer sample of the tiger which was imported to iran from russia. | 2012 | 22783454 |
| isolations of cache valley virus from aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in new jersey and evaluation of its role as a regional arbovirus vector. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), is an invasive species and a major pest problem in urban and suburban locales in new jersey. to assess its potential role as an arbovirus vector, we sampled ae. albopictus from two new jersey counties over a 3-yr period and estimated the prevalence of virus infection by vero cell culture and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. three virus isolates were obtained from 34,567 field-collected ae. albopictus, and all were identif ... | 2013 | 24843937 |
| purification, characterization and functional role of lectin from green tiger shrimp penaeus semisulcatus. | the present study reports the purification and characterization of immune molecule lectin from the green tiger shrimp penaeus semiculcatus, which involves the non-self-recognition mechanism to destroy the infectious pathogens that continuously threaten their survival. p. semisulcatus lectin (ps-lec) was purified by affinity chromatography with mannose coupled sepharose cl-4b column and showed the 37 and 118kda subunits in sds-page. the surface morphology of purified ps-lec exhibits the crystalli ... | 2014 | 24637221 |
| impacts of canine distemper virus infection on the giant panda population from the perspective of gut microbiota. | the recent increase in infectious disease outbreaks has been directly linked to the global loss of biodiversity and the decline of some endangered species populations. between december 2014 and march 2015, five captive giant pandas died due to canine distemper virus (cdv) infection in china. cdv has taken a heavy toll on tigers and lions in recent years. here, we describe the first gut microbiome diversity study of cdv-infected pandas. by investigating the influence of cdv infection on gut bacte ... | 2017 | 28051146 |
| evaluation of two canine distemper virus vaccines in captive tigers (panthera tigris). | canine distemper virus (cdv) has caused clinical disease and death in nondomestic felids in both captive settings and in the wild. outbreaks resulting in high mortality rates in tigers (panthera tigris) have prompted some zoos to vaccinate tigers for cdv. in this study, six tigers received a recombinant canarypox-vectored cdv vaccine (1 ml s.c.) and were revaccinated with 3 ml s.c. (mean) 39 days later. blood collection for cdv antibody detection via serum neutralization was performed on (mean) ... | 2016 | 27468029 |
| canine distemper virus antibody titers in domestic cats after delivery of a live attenuated virus vaccine. | three methods for delivering a live attenuated canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine to domestic cats ( felis catus ) were investigated, as models for developing vaccination protocols for tigers (panthera tigris). twenty domestic cats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: saline injection (negative controls); and oral, intranasal, and subcutaneous vaccinates. cats were injected with saline or a cdv vaccine (nobivac dp, merck) at wk 0 and 4. blood and nasal swabs were collected at wk 0 ... | 2016 | 27468028 |
| mortality of amur tigers: the more things change, the more they stay the same. | poaching as well as loss of habitat and prey are identified as causes of tiger population declines. although some studies have examined habitat requirements and prey availability, few studies have quantified cause-specific mortality of tigers. we used cumulative incidence functions (cifs) to quantify cause-specific mortality rates of tigers, expanding and refining earlier studies to assess the potential impact of a newly emerging disease. to quantify changes in tiger mortality over time, we re-e ... | 2015 | 26096683 |
| canine distemper virus as a threat to wild tigers in russia and across their range. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has recently been identified in populations of wild tigers in russia and india. tiger populations are generally too small to maintain cdv for long periods, but are at risk of infections arising from more abundant susceptible hosts that constitute a reservoir of infection. because cdv is an additive mortality factor, it could represent a significant threat to small, isolated tiger populations. in russia, cdv was associated with the deaths of tigers in 2004 and 2010, a ... | 2015 | 25939829 |
| canine distemper virus threatens wild tigers. | | 2014 | 25638955 |
| estimating the potential impact of canine distemper virus on the amur tiger population (panthera tigris altaica) in russia. | lethal infections with canine distemper virus (cdv) have recently been diagnosed in amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica), but long-term implications for the population are unknown. this study evaluates the potential impact of cdv on a key tiger population in sikhote-alin biosphere zapovednik (sabz), and assesses how cdv might influence the extinction potential of other tiger populations of varying sizes. an individual-based stochastic, sird (susceptible-infected-recovered/dead) model was used t ... | 2014 | 25354196 |
| canine distemper virus (cdv) in another big cat: should cdv be renamed carnivore distemper virus? | one of the greatest threats to the conservation of wild cat populations may be dogs or, at least, one of their viruses. canine distemper virus (cdv), a single-stranded rna virus in the paramyxoviridae family and genus morbillivirus, infects and causes disease in a variety of species, not just canids. an outbreak of cdv in wild lions in the serengeti, tanzania, in 1994 was a wake-up call for conservationists, as it demonstrated that an infectious disease could swiftly impact a previously healthy ... | 2013 | 24045642 |
| canine distemper virus: an emerging disease in wild endangered amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica). | fewer than 500 amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) remain in the wild. due to low numbers and their solitary and reclusive nature, tiger sightings across their range in the russian far east and china are rare; sightings of sick tigers are rarer still. serious neurologic disease observed in several wild tigers since 2001 suggested disease emergence in this endangered species. to investigate this possibility, histology, immunohistochemistry (ihc), in situ hybridization (ish), and reverse transcr ... | 2013 | 23943758 |
| defining the risk of zika and chikungunya virus transmission in human population centers of the eastern united states. | the recent spread of mosquito-transmitted viruses and associated disease to the americas motivates a new, data-driven evaluation of risk in temperate population centers. temperate regions are generally expected to pose low risk for significant mosquito-borne disease; however, the spread of the asian tiger mosquito (aedes albopictus) across densely populated urban areas has established a new landscape of risk. we use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate loc ... | 2017 | 28095405 |
| suspected neurotoxicity due to clostridium perfringens type b in a tiger (panthera tigris). | a 4-yr-old tiger (panthera tigris) was referred with acute onset of severe abnormal consciousness. neurological evaluation showed normal palpebral and corneal reflexes, normal pupil diameter with normal direct and consensual papillary light reflex, and absent menace response bilaterally. diffuse forebrain lesion or focal lesion affecting the ascending reticular activating system was suspected. complete blood examination and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were normal. magnetic resonance imaging of ... | 2012 | 23082539 |
| hemorrhagic enterocolitis and death in two felines (panthera tigris altaica and panthera leo) associated with clostridium perfringens type a. | severe hemorrhagic enterocolitis was observed in a siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica) and a lion (panthera leo). both animals developed acute depression, anorexia, and bloody diarrhea several days before death. small and large intestines were diffusely congested, edematous, necrotic, and filled with hemorrhagic fluid, and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and congested. pure and abundant growth of gram-positive bacilli was obtained in culture under anaerobic conditions from the livers o ... | 2012 | 22779248 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, and enterocytozoon bieneusi in captive wildlife at zhengzhou zoo, china. | cryptosporidium spp., giardia duodenalis, and enterocytozoon bieneusi are common gastrointestinal protists in humans and animals. two hundred and three fecal specimens from 80 wildlife species were collected in zhengzhou zoo and their genomic dna extracted. three intestinal pathogens were characterized with a dna sequence analysis of different loci. cryptosporidium felis, c. baileyi, and avian genotype iii were identified in three specimens (1.5%), the manul, red-crowned crane, and cockatiel, re ... | 2015 | 26384582 |
| cytauxzoonosis in cats: abcd guidelines on prevention and management. | cytauxzoon species are apicomplexan haemoparasites, which may cause severe disease in domestic cats, as well as lions and tigers. for many years, cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats was only reported in north and south america, but in recent years the infection has also been seen in europe (spain, france and italy). | 2015 | 26101317 |
| evaluation of cytauxzoon felis infection status in captive-born wild felids housed in an area endemic for the pathogen. | to determine whether apparently healthy captive-born wild felids that were not native to north america and were housed in an area endemic for cytauxzoon felis harbored the pathogen. | 2012 | 23039987 |
| dengue virus serotype 2 infection alters midgut and carcass gene expression in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus is currently an important vector for dengue, chikungunya and zika virus, and its role in transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may increase in the future due to its ability to colonize temperate regions. in contrast to aedes aegypti, the dominant vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika virus, genetic responses of ae. albopictus upon infection with an arbovirus are not well characterized. here we present a study of the changes in transcrip ... | 2017 | 28152011 |
| mir-252 of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus regulates dengue virus replication by suppressing the expression of the dengue virus envelope protein. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus isa major vector of dengue in mainland china. dengue epidemics have spread from the southern coastal regions to the relatively northern and western regions since 1990s. dengue has become an emerging public health problem in the southern coastal regions. micrornas(mirnas) are short non-coding rnas that regulate gene expression at the post transcription allevel. a highly abundant mirna, mir-252, was induced more than threefold after dengue virus serotype ... | 2014 | 25025105 |
| comparison of the vector potential of different mosquito species for the transmission of heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, in rural and urban areas in and surrounding stillwater, oklahoma, u.s.a. | dirofilaria immitis leidy (spirurida: onchocercidae), or heartworm, is a mosquito-borne nematode that causes a fatal disease in carnivores. although infection is preventable through prophylactic drugs, compliance and the spectre of resistance suggest vector control is a viable alternative. there were two main objectives in this study: (a) to evaluate the relationships between landscape and social factors and the number and species of heartworm-positive mosquitoes, with a specific focus on the im ... | 2014 | 24898348 |
| [mosquitoes as vectors for exotic pathogens in germany]. | as a result of intensified globalization of international trade and of substantial travel activities, mosquito-borne exotic pathogens are becoming an increasing threat for europe. in germany some 50 different mosquito species are known, several of which have vector competence for pathogens. during the last few years a number of zoonotic arboviruses that are pathogenic for humans have been isolated from mosquitoes in germany including usutu, sindbis and batai viruses. in addition, filarial worms, ... | 2014 | 24781910 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins antagonize tetherin through a distinctive mechanism that requires virion incorporation. | bst2/tetherin inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from cells. primate lentiviruses have evolved specific antagonists (vpu, nef, and env). here we characterized tetherin proteins of species representing both branches of the order carnivora. comparison of tiger and cat (feliformia) to dog and ferret (caniformia) genes demonstrated that the tiger and cat share a start codon mutation that truncated most of the tetherin cytoplasmic tail early in the feliformia lineage (19 of 27 amino acids, inc ... | 2014 | 24390322 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus isolated from south china tigers in china. | a strain of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), strain fj13, has been isolated from south china tigers in china, and its complete genome has been sequenced and analyzed. phylogenetic analysis suggests that fj13 belongs to the emcv-1 serotype, and it is highly prevalent in china. | 2013 | 23990575 |
| isolation, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of encephalomyocarditis virus from south china tigers in china. | although encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) can infect many host species and cause myocarditis and sudden death in many species, little is known about emcv infection in tigers. a virus was isolated from organs of dead south china tigers with sudden death in southern china. the production of cytopathic effect on bhk cells, and the results of pcr, electron microscopy (em), and whole genome sequencing indicated that the pathogen was emcv, the strain was named fj13. other pathogenic agents were exclu ... | 2013 | 23917023 |
| melanization inhibition protein of penaeus monodon acts as a negative regulator of the prophenoloxidase-activating system. | melanization mediated by the prophenoloxidase-activating system (propo) is an important immune response in invertebrates. however, in addition to melanin, the propo system produces reactive intermediates that are not only harmful to the invading microbes but also to the host cells. thus, the propo system must be tightly regulated by several inhibitors. previously, a melanization inhibition protein from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon, pmmip, has been identified and preliminarily character ... | 2017 | 28232130 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of cyclin e and cdk2 from penaeus monodon. | reduced reproductive performance of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) has caused economic losses and hampered the fishing industry. detailed investigation of the molecular mechanism by which the cell cycle is regulated in this organism is needed to understand the development and maturation of ovaries and oocytes, with a view to improving reproductive capacity. cell cycle progression is mainly determined by cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) and cyclin complexes, the cyclin e/cdk2 complex playi ... | 2016 | 27706738 |
| identification, structural characterisation and expression analysis of a defensin gene from the tiger beetle calomera littoralis (coleoptera: cicindelidae). | in this study, a defensin gene (clit-def) has been characterised in the tiger beetle calomera littoralis for the first time. bioinformatic analysis showed that the gene has an open reading frame of 246bp that contains a 46 amino acid mature peptide. the phylogenetic analysis showed a high variability in the coleopteran defensins analysed. the clit-def mature peptide has the features to be involved in the antimicrobial function: a predicted cationic isoelectric point of 8.94, six cysteine residue ... | 2016 | 27210512 |
| auto-induction for high yield expression of recombinant novel isoallergen tropomyosin from king prawn (melicertus latisulcatus) for improved diagnostics and immunotherapeutics. | food allergies are increasing worldwide, demonstrating a considerable public health concern. shellfish allergy is one of the major food groups causing allergic sensitization among adults and children, affecting up to 2% of the general world population. tropomyosin (tm) is the major allergen in shellfish and frequently used in the diagnosis of allergic sensitization and the detection of cross-contaminated food. to improve and establish better and more sensitive diagnostics for allergies and immun ... | 2014 | 25450004 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a major white spot syndrome virus (wssv) envelope protein vp24 expressed in escherichia coli against wssv. | the study reports cloning, expression and characterization of immunogenic activity of vp24, a major envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus (wssv). his-tagged vp24 was expressed as truncated protein and purified from inclusion bodies by metal affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. the ability to confer protection from wssv by oral administration of recombinant viral protein (rvp24) was examined in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (p. monodon) juveniles (advanced post larvae ... | 2014 | 25218401 |
| proximate composition and functionality of the culinary-medicinal tiger sawgill mushroom, lentinus tigrinus (higher basidiomycetes), from the philippines. | the proximate composition and functionality of lentinus tigrinus were evaluated to establish and popularize this mushroom as functional food source. the evaluation of functionality focused on the antibacterial and hypoglycemic activities of the mushroom extracts. an acute single oral dose toxicity test in mice was used for its biosafety analysis. the pileus contained higher amounts of protein (25.9%), fat (2.1%), and ash (7.4%) and a higher energetic value (142.1 kcal/100 g) than the correspondi ... | 2014 | 24940907 |
| insect immunity: oral exposure to a bacterial pathogen elicits free radical response and protects from a recurring infection. | previous exposure to a pathogen can help organisms cope with recurring infection. this is widely recognised in vertebrates, but increasing occasions are also being reported in invertebrates where this phenomenon is referred to as immune priming. however, the mechanisms that allow acquired pathogen resistance in insects remain largely unknown. | 2014 | 24602309 |
| characterization of integron-mediated antimicrobial resistance among escherichia coli strains isolated from a captive population of amur tigers in china. | the present study was undertaken to identify and characterize integrons and integrated resistance gene cassettes among multidrug resistant escherichia coli isolates from a captive population of amur tigers (panthera tigris altaica) in china. in addition, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and class i integrons was assessed in e. coli strains (n = 61) isolated from a captive population of amur tigers in heilongjiang amur tiger park, china. among the isolates, 52.46% (32 of 61) were positi ... | 2013 | 24450054 |
| the identification and expression of the full-length htra2 gene from penaeus monodon (black tiger shrimp). | htra2 is an apoptosis-activating protein to enhance the apoptotic process by preventing the formation of the iap-caspase complex, thus freeing caspase to trigger the apoptosis pathway. here, we presented the full-length sequence of htra2 from the black tiger shrimp (pmhtra2). the full-length pmhtra2 transcript was 1403 bp with a 1338 bp open reading frame encoding 445 amino acids and contains 5 conserved domains, namely, a mitochondrial targeting signal (mts), a transmembrane (tm) domain, an iap ... | 2013 | 24096090 |
| therapeutic effect of artemia enriched with escherichia coli expressing double-stranded rna in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | we exploited artemia as a double-stranded (ds)rna-delivery system to combat viral diseases in shrimp. first, the transformed escherichia coli (e. coli) expressing red fluorescent protein (rfp) was tested in the artemia enrichment process. rfp signals detectable in the gut of artemia under confocal microscope were evident for the successful encapsulation. second, the artemia enrichment process was performed using e. coli producing laem-singh virus (lsnv)-specific dsrna, which has been previously ... | 2013 | 23962772 |
| pmserpin3 from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon is capable of controlling the propo system. | serpin or serine proteinase inhibitor is a family of protease inhibitors that are involved in controlling the proteolytic cascade in various biological processes. in shrimp, several serpins have been identified but only a few have been characterized. herein, the pmserpin3 gene identified from penaeus monodon est database was studied. by using the 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) techniques, the full-length of pmserpin3 cdna was obtained. the cdna contained an open reading frame ... | 2013 | 23660411 |
| preclinical toxicological evaluations of the sclerotium of lignosus rhinocerus (cooke), the tiger milk mushroom. | lignosus rhinocerus (tiger milk mushroom) is distributed in south china, thailand, malaysia, indonesia, philippines and papua new guinea. in malaysia, it is the most popular medicinal mushroom used by the indigenous communities to relieve fever, cough, asthma, cancer, food poisoning and as a general tonic. in china, this mushroom is an expensive traditional medicine used to treat liver cancer, chronic hepatitis and gastric ulcers. the sclerotium of the mushroom is the part with medicinal value. ... | 2013 | 23458920 |
| molecular cloning and functional expression of allergenic sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins from penaeus shrimps. | sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins (scps) have recently been identified as crustacean allergens. however, information on their primary structures is very limited and no recombinant scp (rscp) as an alternative of natural scp (nscp) is available. this study was aimed to elucidate primary structures of scps from two species of penaeus shrimp (black tiger shrimp and kuruma shrimp) by cdna cloning and to produce a black tiger shrimp rscp preparation that is comparable in ige reactivity to nscp. | 2013 | 23180551 |
| characterization of complement 1q binding protein of tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, and its c1q binding activity. | the receptor for the globular heads of c1q, c1qbp/gc1qr/p33, is a multicompartmental, multifunctional cellular protein with an important role in infection and in inflammation. in the present study, we identified and characterized the complement component 1q subcomponent binding protein (c1qbp) from the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmc1qbp). the open reading frame of pmc1qbp encodes 262 amino acid residues with a conserved mam33 domain, an arginine-glycine-aspartate cell adhesion m ... | 2013 | 23085472 |
| apoptosis of tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) haemocytes induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. | this study was aimed at investigating the toxicity mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (lps) on penaeus monodon haemocytes at a cellular level. reactive oxygen species (ros) production, nitric oxide (no) production, non-specific esterase activity, cytoplasmic free-ca(2+) (cf-ca(2+)) concentration, dna damaged cell ratio and apoptotic cell ratio of in vitro lps-treated haemocytes were measured by flow cytometry. two concentrations of escherichia coli lps (5 and 10 μg ml(-1)) were used. results showed ... | 2013 | 23073356 |
| isolation and identification of feline herpesvirus type 1 from a south china tiger in china. | in 2012, an fhv-1-like virus was isolated from a tiger that presented with clinical signs of sialorrhea, sneezing and purulent rhinorrhea. isolation was performed with the fk81 cell line, and the virus was identified by pcr, transmission electron microscopy (tem), and the phylogenetic analysis of the partial thymidine kinase (tk) and glycoprotein b (gb) genes. a total of 253 bp of the tk gene and 566 bp of the gb gene were amplified from the trachea of the tiger by pcr/rt-pcr method. phylogeneti ... | 2014 | 24590411 |
| antibody response to vaccines for rhinotracheitis, caliciviral disease, panleukopenia, feline leukemia, and rabies in tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). | this article presents the results of a study of captive tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo) vaccinated with a recombinant vaccine against feline leukemia virus; an inactivated adjuvanted vaccine against rabies virus; and a multivalent modified live vaccine against feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus. the aim of the study was to assess the immune response and safety of the vaccines and to compare the effects of the administration of single (1 ml) and double (2 m ... | 2012 | 22779227 |
| molecular characterization of a feline calicivirus isolated from tiger and its pathogenesis in cats. | feline calicivirus (fcv) is a virus that causes respiratory disease in cats. in this study, the fcv tig-1 was isolated from siberian tiger feces collected in 2014 in heilongjiang province, china. phylogenetic analysis among tig-1 and other fcvs showed that tig-1 does not share the same lineage with other fcv isolates from heilongjiang or other regions in china but is located in the same cluster with the fcv strain urbana, which was isolated from the united states. the growth kinetics in vitro an ... | 2016 | 27527772 |
| humoral response to calicivirus in captive tigers given a dual-strain vaccine. | the current feline vaccine with a single strain of calicivirus has been used for captive tigers, yet it may not protect against virulent systemic calicivirus infections. a cross-institutional study investigated the humoral response to a new dual-strain, killed-virus calicivirus vaccine for nine captive tigers. the subspecies of these tigers were amur (panthera tigris altaica), bengal (panthera tigris tigris), and malayan (panthera tigris jacksoni). serum neutralization titers for virulent feline ... | 2014 | 24712158 |
| new yellow head virus genotype (yhv7) in giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon indigenous to northern australia. | in 2012, giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon originally sourced from joseph bonaparte gulf in northern australia were examined in an attempt to identify the cause of elevated mortalities among broodstock at a queensland hatchery. nucleic acid extracted from ethanol-fixed gills of 3 individual shrimp tested positive using the oie yhv protocol 2 rt-pcr designed to differentiate yellow head virus (yhv1) from gill-associated virus (gav, synonymous with yhv2) and the oie yhv protocol 3 rt-nested pcr d ... | 2015 | 26290511 |
| gnathostoma spinigerum mitochondrial genome sequence: a novel gene arrangement and its phylogenetic position within the class chromadorea. | human gnathostomiasis is an emerging food-borne parasitic disease caused by nematodes in the genus gnathostoma. in spite of their significance as pathogens, these parasites remain poorly understood at the molecular level. in the present study, we sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genome of g. spinigerum, which infects a range of definitive hosts including dogs, cats, tigers, leopards and humans. the mt genome of g. spinigerum is 14,079 bp in size and shows substantial changes in gene order compar ... | 2015 | 26228511 |
| fatal influenza a (h5n1) virus infection in zoo-housed tigers in yunnan province, china. | from 2014 to 2015, three cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza infection occurred in zoo-housed north-east china tigers (panthera tigris ssp.altaica) and four tigers died of respiratory distress in succession in yunnan province, china. we isolated and characterized three highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n1) viruses from these tigers. phylogenetic analysis indicated that a/tiger /yunnan /tig1404 /2014(h5n1) belongs to the provisional subclade 2.3.4.4e which were novel reassortant influe ... | 2016 | 27162026 |
| lethal infection by a novel reassortant h5n1 avian influenza a virus in a zoo-housed tiger. | in early 2013, a bengal tiger (panthera tigris) in a zoo died of respiratory distress. all specimens from the tiger were positive for hpai h5n1, which were detected by real-time pcr, including nose swab, throat swab, tracheal swab, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, aquae pericardii and cerebrospinal fluid. one stain of virus, a/tiger/js/1/2013, was isolated from the lung sample. pathogenicity experiments showed that the isolate was able to replicate and cause death in mice. phylogenetic analys ... | 2015 | 25461468 |
| gastric and enterohepatic helicobacters other than helicobacter pylori. | during the past year, research on non-helicobacter pylori species has intensified. h. valdiviensis was isolated from wild birds, and putative novel species have been isolated from bengal tigers and australian marsupials. various genomes have been sequenced: h. bilis, h. canis, h. macacae, h. fennelliae, h. cetorum, and h. suis. several studies highlighted the virulence of non-h. pylori species including h. cinaedi in humans and hyperlipidemic mice or h. macacae in geriatric rhesus monkeys with i ... | 2014 | 25167947 |
| pmtbc1d20, a rab gtpase-activating protein from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, is involved in white spot syndrome virus infection. | tbc (tre2/bub2/cdc16) domain proteins contain an ≈ 200-amino-acid motif and function as rab gtpase-activating proteins that are required for regulating the activity of rab proteins, and so, in turn, endocytic membrane trafficking in cells. tbc domain family member 20 (tbc1d20) has recently been reported to mediate hepatitis c virus replication. herein, pmtbc1d20 identified from the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, was characterized and evaluated for its role in white spot syndrome virus (wss ... | 2014 | 24076066 |
| detection of hepatozoon felis in ticks collected from free-ranging amur tigers ( panthera tigris altaica), russian far east, 2002-12. | we collected 69 ticks from nine, free-ranging amur tigers ( panthera tigris altaica) between 2002 and 2011 and investigated them for tick-borne pathogens. dna was extracted using alkaline digestion and pcr was performed to detect apicomplexan organisms. partial 18s rdna amplification products were obtained from 14 ticks from four tigers, of which 13 yielded unambiguous nucleotide sequence data. comparative sequence analysis revealed all 13 partial 18s rdna sequences were most similar to those be ... | 2016 | 27243154 |
| genomic regions of pufferfishes responsible for host specificity of a monogenean parasite, heterobothrium okamotoi. | the genetic mechanisms underlying host specificity of parasitic infections are largely unknown. after hatching, the larvae of the monogenean parasite, heterobothrium okamotoi, attach to the gill filaments of hosts and the post-larval worms develop there by consuming nutrients from the host. the susceptibility to h. okamotoi infection differs markedly among fish species. while this parasite can grow on tiger pufferfish (also called fugu), takifugu rubripes, it appears to be rejected by a close co ... | 2013 | 23872522 |
| differential autophagic effects triggered by five different vertebrate iridoviruses in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (mff-1) cell model. | autophagy of five vertebrate iridoviruses, including one megalocytivirus (infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, isknv) and four ranaviruses (chinese giant salamander iridovirus, cgsiv; tiger frog virus, tfv; grouper iridovirus, giv; and largemouth bass virus, lmbv) were investigated in a common, highly permissive mandarinfish fry (mff-1) cell model. the results showed marked autophagosome formation in giv- and lmbv-infected cells but not in isknv-, cgsiv- and tfv-infected mff-1 cells. str ... | 2016 | 26748344 |
| prevalence and characterization of quinolone resistance in laribacter hongkongensis from grass carp and chinese tiger frog. | laribacter hongkongensis is a food-borne bacterium associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and diarrhoea. quinolone resistance was recently reported in bacterial isolates from aquatic products, but the molecular mechanisms for resistance were still unknown. in this study, a total of 157 l. hongkongensis strains were isolated from grass carps (n = 443) and chinese tiger frogs (n = 171). twenty-one ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were analysed for mutations in quinolone resistance-deter ... | 2013 | 23906590 |
| il-10 mediated regulation of liver inflammation during acute murine cytomegalovirus infection. | various cell types in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues produce the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (il)-10 during murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. the functions of il-10 in the liver during acute infection and the cells that generate this cytokine at this site have not been extensively investigated. in this study, we demonstrate that the production of il-10 in the liver is elevated in c57bl/6 mice during late acute mcmv infection. using il-10 green fluorescence protein (gfp) ... | 2012 | 22880122 |
| [isolation of pasteurella dagmatis after a tiger bite]. | | 2014 | 25536431 |
| microbiome analysis and detection of pathogenic bacteria of penaeus monodon from jakarta bay and bali. | penaeus monodon, the asian black tiger shrimp is one of the most widely consumed marine crustaceans worldwide. in this study, we examine and compare the fecal microbiota of p. monodon from highly polluted waters around jakarta bay, with those of less polluted waters of bali. using next generation sequencing techniques, we identified potential bacterial pathogens and common viral diseases of shrimp. proteobacteria (96.08%) was found to be the most predominant phylum, followed by bacteriodetes (2. ... | 2016 | 27090886 |
| ultrastructure, development, and molecular phylogeny of pleistophora hyphessobryconis, a broad host microsporidian parasite of puntius tetrazona. | a potentially fatal microsporidial infection targeting the skeletal muscles of the tiger barb puntius tetrazona was described. ultrastructural and molecular analyses of infected tissues confirmed that the causative parasite was pleistophora hyphessobryconis. compared to p. hyphessobryconis observed in other hosts, those infecting tiger barb demonstrated differences in ultrastructure that may be related to host adaptation. phylogenetic analysis revealed that classifications based on different met ... | 2012 | 22773044 |
| resource use, costs, and utility estimates for patients with cystic fibrosis with mild impairment in lung function: analysis of data collected alongside a 48-week multicenter clinical trial. | transport of ions to generate epithelial rehydration (tiger)-1 was a randomized trial conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of denufosol versus placebo in patients with cystic fibrosis with mild impairment in lung function. the trial met its primary end point at 24 weeks, but a subsequent trial did not show a sustained effect of denufosol at 48 weeks. by using the 48-week data, we characterized resource use, direct medical costs, indirect costs, and utility estimates. | 2014 | 22433759 |