Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| new technologies. taming the tiger! | 2002 | 12043554 | |
| diversity of pla(2) genes from sea snake lapemis hardwickii gray venom. | three full-length cdna from lapemis hardwickii gray, (namely pla(2)-8, pla(2)-9 and pla(2)-384), encoding phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)), were isolated and sequenced. these cdna sequences were composed of 456 bp, 438 bp and 438 bp, encoding a signal peptide of 27 amino acids and a mature peptide of 125, 119 and 119 amino acids, respectively. the analysis results by computer indicated pla(2)-8, pla(2)-9and pla(2)-384 has a pi of ca. 4.8, 7.8 and 8.4, respectively. sequence analysis of amino acid and ... | 2001 | 12050798 |
| adenosine inhibits calcium channel currents via a1 receptors on salamander retinal ganglion cells in a mini-slice preparation. | the effects of adenosine on high-voltage-activated calcium channel currents in tiger salamander retinal ganglion cells were investigated in a mini-slice preparation. adenosine produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitude of calcium channel current with a maximum inhibition of 26%. the effects of adenosine on calcium channel current were both time- and voltage-dependent. in cells dialyzed with gtp-gamma-s, adenosine caused a sustained and irreversible inhibition of calcium channel ... | 2002 | 12065663 |
| an extremely sensitive species-specific arms pcr test for the presence of tiger bone dna. | the survival of the tiger (panthera tigris) is seriously threatened by poaching to provide raw materials for traditional chinese medicines (tcms). most highly prized are the tiger's bones, which are used in combination with other animal and plant derivatives in pills and plasters for the treatment of rheumatism and other ailments. hundreds of patent remedies have been produced which claim to contain tiger bone, but proof of its presence is needed if legislation prohibiting the trade in endangere ... | 2002 | 12084490 |
| meniscal ossicles in large non-domestic cats. | radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. the animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of ... | 2002 | 12088319 |
| association of gm4 ganglioside with the membrane surrounding lipid droplets in shark liver. | by tlc, gm4 was found to be the major ganglioside in the liver of six shark species examined: odontaspis taurus, negaprion brevirostris, sphyrna lewini, mustelus griseus, mustelus manazo, and prionace glauca. a detailed analysis of the glycosphingolipids (gsls) in the liver of o. taurus (sand tiger shark) showed that it contained approximately 110 nmol of lipid-bound sialic acid per gram of wet tissue, of which 80% was gm4. by extracting the liver of o. taurus with chloroform/methanol, followed ... | 2002 | 12091485 |
| detection of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) of shrimp by means of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to an envelope protein (28 kda). | the vp28 gene encoding an envelope protein (28 kda) of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) was amplified from wssv-infected tiger shrimp that originated from malaysia. recombinant vp28 protein (r-28) was expressed in escherichia coli and used as an antigen for preparation of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). three murine mabs (6f6, 6h4 and 9c10) that were screened by r-28 antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were also able to recognize viral vp28 protein as well as r-28 on western bl ... | 2002 | 12093036 |
| a syntenin-like protein with postsynaptic density protein (pdz) domains produced by black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in response to white spot syndrome virus infection. | we report the isolation and characterization of products from a subtractive cdna library from the haemolymph of penaeus monodon experimentally infected with white spot syndrome virus (wssv). one cdna derived from up-regulated mrna was identified. a homology search indicated similarity to the putative protein syntenin (te8). the nearly complete nucleotide sequence of te8 was obtained by rapid amplification of cdna (race). its putative protein product contained a tandem repeat of pdz domains (post ... | 2002 | 12093037 |
| the naris muscles in tiger salamander. i. potential functions and innervation as revealed by biocytin tracing. | the naris constrictor muscle, along with naris dilator and naris accessory muscles, controls the opening and closing of the external naris in tiger salamanders. it has been hypothesized that contraction of the naris constrictor muscle also causes the external nasal gland to secrete its contents inside the lateral wall of the external naris opening. this location is just rostral to vomeronasal organ and thus secretion in this region may be important for access of odorous compounds to vomeronasal ... | 2002 | 12107486 |
| the naris muscles in tiger salamander. ii. innervation as revealed by enzyme histochemistry and immunocytochemistry. | the naris muscles control the aperature of the external naris in tiger salamanders, ambystoma tigrinum, and may contribute to glandular secretion. autonomic neurons of the palatine ganglion and possibly neurons associated with the nervus terminalis innervate these muscles. to elucidate the neural control of the naris muscles, neurotransmitters in nerve fibers supplying the naris muscles and in neurons of the palatine ganglion were examined using acetylcholinesterase enzyme histochemistry and imm ... | 2002 | 12107487 |
| language-general and language-specific influences on children's acquisition of argument structure: a comparison of french and english. | this research investigates language-general and language-specific properties of the acquisition of argument structure. ten french preschoolers enacted forty sentences containing motion verbs; sixteen sentences were ungrammatical in that the syntactic frame was incompatible with the standard argument structure for the verb (e.g. *le tigre va le lion = *the tiger goes the lion). previous work (naigles, fowler & helm, 1992, 1995; naigles, gleitman & gleitman, 1993) indicated that english-speaking t ... | 2002 | 12109363 |
| acceleration of ambystoma tigrinum metamorphosis by corticotropin-releasing hormone. | previous work of others and ours has shown that corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh) is a positive stimulus for thyroid and interrenal hormone secretion in amphibian larvae and that activation of crh neurons may mediate environmental effects on the timing of metamorphosis. these studies have investigated crh actions in anurans (frogs and toads), whereas there is currently no information regarding the actions of crh on metamorphosis of urodeles (salamanders and newts). we tested the hypothesis t ... | 2002 | 12115924 |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter-mediated current from bipolar cells in tiger salamander retinal slices. | about 10% of bipolar cells in salamander retina synthesize and take up gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), and may use gaba as a neurotransmitter. as gaba uptake is electrogenic, bipolar cells expressing gaba transporters (gats) should give transport current (igat) to extracellular gaba. using whole-cell patch recording, 28 bipolar cells responded to 30-200 microm gaba puffed to the axon terminals with a picrotoxin (ptx)-sensitive chloride current (ici) only. another three bipolar cells had, in addi ... | 1998 | 12116699 |
| allatostatins of the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon (crustacea: penaeidea). | more than 40 peptides belonging to the -y/fxfgl-nh(2) allatostatin superfamily have been isolated and identified from the central nervous system (cns) of the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon (crustacea: penaeidea). the peptides can be arranged in seven sub-groups according to the variable post-tyrosyl residue represented by ala, gly, ser, thr, asn, asp, and glu. two of the residues (thr and glu) have not been observed in this position previously in either insects or crustaceans. also reported for th ... | 2002 | 12126730 |
| computer simulations to determine the efficacy of different genome resource banking strategies for maintaining genetic diversity. | genome resource banks (grbs) and assisted reproductive techniques are increasingly recognized as useful tools for the management and conservation of biodiversity, including endangered species. cryotechnology permits long-term storage of valuable genetic material. although, the actual application to endangered species management requires technical knowledge about sperm freezing and thawing, a systematic understanding of the quantitative impacts of various germ plasm storage and use scenarios is a ... | 2002 | 12151267 |
| vertical transmission of gill-associated virus (gav) in the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | chronic gill-associated virus (gav) infection is endemic in penaeus monodon broodstock captured from north-east queensland in australia and in farmed shrimp produced from these. we investigated the role of vertical transmission in perpetuating the high prevalence of these chronic gav infections. reverse transcription (rt)-nested pcr detected gav in spermatophores and mature ovarian tissue from broodstock and in fertilized eggs and nauplii spawned from wild-fertilized females. in laboratory-reare ... | 2002 | 12180710 |
| the dynamic time course of semantic memory impairment in alzheimer's disease: clues from hyperpriming and hypopriming effects. | the nature of semantic memory deficit in alzheimer's disease is still a matter of controversy. to clarify this issue, we examined the evolution of semantic memory impairment in 24 alzheimer's disease patients by means of a longitudinal study. we used two semantic tasks, one explicit and the other implicit, to evaluate the integrity of the same concepts. the explicit task was a semantic knowledge task composed of naming and questions, involving superordinate and attribute knowledge of concepts. t ... | 2002 | 12183350 |
| do images involuntarily trigger search? a test of pillsbury's hypothesis. | pillsbury (1908) suggested that deciding to search for something in a scene consists of nothing more than forming a visual image of the target. if so, imaging should trigger search even when it would be more advantageous not to search. subjects were cued to form an image of a specified object (e.g., tiger) and to press a key when they had done so. this initiated the presentation of a sequence of pictures, with a single target digit interspersed; the subject's task was to report this digit. the s ... | 1999 | 12198782 |
| a tiger tale. | 2002 | 12202788 | |
| ultrastructure of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryo development in vitro in the siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica). | the application of assisted reproduction techniques to wild cats has been stalled by a lack of basic knowledge of the reproductive biology in these species. in this study, the ultrastructure of siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica) cumulus-oocyte-complexes (cocs), as well as in vitro produced (ivp) zygotes and embryos were investigated, to estimate the normality of the manipulated reproduction processes. adult female tigers were subjected to a purified porcine pfsh/plh stimulation treatment f ... | 2002 | 12211064 |
| recent diversification rates in north american tiger beetles estimated from a dated mtdna phylogenetic tree. | species-level phylogenies derived from dna sequence data provide a tool for estimating diversification rates and how these rates change over time, but to date there have been few empirical studies, particularly on insect groups. we use a densely sampled phylogenetic tree based on mitochondrial dna to investigate diversification rates in the north american tiger beetles (genus cicindela). using node ages estimated from sequence data and calibrated by biogeographical evidence, we estimate an avera ... | 2002 | 12270897 |
| the origin of multiple sex chromosomes in tiger beetles. | 2002 | 12270905 | |
| the census bureau's tiger system. | this section includes nine papers by various authors on the tiger system developed by the u.s. bureau of the census. tiger, or topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing system, is an automated cartographic and geographic system developed to support the primary statistical programs of the united states. the papers describe how the system was developed, the major cartographic and geographic production operations it currently supports, operation schedules on which the 1990 census ... | 1990 | 12283588 |
| the tiger system: a census bureau innovation serving data analysts. | this article describes the u.s. census bureau's tiger (topologically integrated geographic encoding and referencing) system, an automated geographic data base. the emphasis is on the availability of file extracts and their usefulness to data analysts. in addition to describing the available files, it mentions various applications for the data, explains the data limitations, and notes problems encountered to date. | 1990 | 12283615 |
| vulnerable to hiv / aids. migration. | this special report discusses the impact of globalization, patterns of migration in southeast asia, gender issues in migration, the links between migration and hiv/aids, and spatial mobility and social networks. migrants are particularly marginalized in countries that blame migrants for transmission of infectious and communicable diseases and other social ills. effective control of hiv/aids among migrant and native populations requires a multisectoral approach. programs should critically revi ... | 1998 | 12294627 |
| the tiger system: automating the geographic structure of the united states census. | the success of a census rests not only on how well the bureau of the census collects data, but also on how well the census bureau links those data to geographic areas. problems with the geographic materials produced for the 1980 census caused confusion on the part of the census bureau's field staff, the staff processing the collected data, and the users of the resulting information. to avoid similar problems in 1990, the geography division of the census bureau is developing an automated geograph ... | 1986 | 12315553 |
| tiger cubs and little flowers. | short vignettes are related to show the conditions for girls and women in morocco. descriptions are given for child labor, literacy, the government's education campaign, youth group efforts to enhance family planning (fp) knowledge, the impact of fp outreach in rural areas, and unmarried mothers. in morocco's cities, young boys can be seen hawking cigarettes and working in market stalls; in the countryside, boys herd goats or do other farm work. in rural areas girls are hidden by having them ... | 1993 | 12318178 |
| creating environmental awareness among children. | in india, most instruction in ecology and environment in schools and colleges comes from textbooks. yet, this form of education rarely results in action. children need to go into nature to study the flora, fauna, and ecosystems and into the environment to observe environmental problems, e.g., pollution, deforestation, and conservation processes. educators need to first stir love and curiosity for nature so children can become aware of the environment and motivated to take action to preserve it. ... | 2007 | 12318357 |
| the people and the tiger. | wildlife protection activities in ranthambhore in rajasthan state in 1993, and conditions of overpopulation and expanded grazing were described. project tiger is an ambitious program begun in the 1970s to protect the habitat of the tiger in ranthambhore national park. forest park protection is limited by corrupt, poorly trained staff, who are unmotivated to protect the established sanctuaries. tiger counts declined from 45 in the 1980s to 25 in 1993. between 1988 and 1993, the ranthambhore f ... | 1994 | 12318865 |
| monte carlo investigation of the dosimetric properties of the new 103pd brachyseedpd-103 model pd-1 source. | recently, 103pd brachytherapy sources have been increasingly used for interstitial implants as an alternative to 125i sources. the brachyseedpd-103 model pd-1 seed is one of the latest in a series of new brachytherapy sources that have become available commercially. the dosimetric properties of the seed were investigated by monte carlo simulation, which was performed using the integrated tiger series cyltran code. following the aapm task group 43 formalism, the dose rate constant, radial dose fu ... | 2002 | 12349919 |
| the effect of fiber-type heterogeneity on optimized work and power output of hindlimb muscles of the salamander ambystoma tigrinum. | most vertebrate muscles are composed of a mixture of fiber types. however, studies of muscle mechanics have concentrated on homogeneous bundles of fibers. hindlimb muscles of the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum, present an excellent system to explore the consequences of fiber heterogeneity. isometric twitches and work loops were obtained in vitro from two muscles, the m. iliotibialis pars posterior (heterogeneous, containing types i, iia and iib fibers) and the m. iliofibularis (nearly homo ... | 2002 | 12355237 |
| allergy to tiger nut. | 2002 | 12359015 | |
| secretion of pem-cmg, a peptide in the chh/mih/gih family of penaeus monodon, in pichia pastoris is directed by secretion signal of the alpha-mating factor from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the chh/mih/gih peptide family of black tiger prawn (paneaus monodon) is important in shrimp reproduction and growth enhancement. in this study, the cdna that encodes the complete peptide that is related to the chh/mih/gih family (so-called, pem-cmg) in the eyestalk of p. monodon was successfully expressed in a methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris under the control of an alcohol oxidase promoter. in order to obtain the secreted pem-cmg, a secretion signal of either the saccharomyces cerevisiae a ... | 2002 | 12359089 |
| preliminary study on haemocyte response to white spot syndrome virus infection in black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | white spot syndrome virus (wssv) has been a major cause of shrimp mortality in aquaculture in the past decade. in contrast to extensive studies on the morphology and genome structure of the virus, little work has been done on the defence reaction of the host after wssv infection. therefore, we examined the haemocyte response to experimental wssv infection in the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. haemolymph sampling and histology showed a significant decline in free, circulating haemocytes afte ... | 2002 | 12363087 |
| hyoid apparatus and pharynx in the lion (panthera leo), jaguar (panthera onca), tiger (panthera tigris), cheetah (acinonyxjubatus) and domestic cat (felis silvestris f. catus). | structures of the hyoid apparatus, the pharynx and their topographical positions in the lion, tiger, jaguar, cheetah and domestic cat were described in order to determine morphological differences between species or subfamilies of the felidae. in the lion, tiger and jaguar (species of the subfamily pantherinae) the epihyoideum is an elastic ligament lying between the lateral pharyngeal muscles and the musculus (m.) thyroglossus rather than a bony element like in the cheetah or the domestic cat. ... | 2002 | 12363272 |
| pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (hallervorden-spatz syndrome). | the arguments over the nomenclature of the syndrome are reviewed. ethical considerations favour replacing the present eponyms with the title of panthothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan), now that more is known about the cause of the condition. the symptoms and signs of the syndrome are described, and these can present from infancy to adult life. dystonia, involuntary movements and spasticity are prominent causes of disability. if the onset is delayed the presentation can be unusua ... | 2002 | 12374576 |
| expression of hemocyanin and digestive enzyme messenger rnas in the hepatopancreas of the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | in order to define the cellular site of synthesis for hemocyanin and digestive enzymes in the decapod hepatopancreas, we studied the expression of messenger ribonucleic acids (rnas) for these molecules in the epithelium lining hepatopancreas tubules. in situ hybridisation of gene probes for the digestive enzymes amylase, cathepsin-l, cellulase, chitinase-1 and trypsin to tissue sections of the shrimp hepatopancreas confirmed that the f-cells lining tertiary, secondary and primary ducts are the s ... | 2002 | 12381378 |
| adenosine a(2a) receptor-mediated inhibition of rod opsin mrna expression in tiger salamander. | the neuromodulator adenosine mediates dark-adaptive changes in retinal photoreceptors through a(2a) receptors. in cold-blooded vertebrates, opsin mrna expression is lower at night than during the day. in the present study, we tested whether adenosine could inhibit opsin mrna expression in cultured rod cells and if endogenous adenosine acts to suppress opsin mrna in the intact retina at night. semi-quantitative in situ hybridization showed that treatment with 100 nm of the a(2a)/a(2b) agonist n(6 ... | 2002 | 12390528 |
| d2-like dopamine receptors promote interactions between calcium and chloride channels that diminish rod synaptic transfer in the salamander retina. | activation of d2-like dopamine receptors in rods with quinpirole stimulates l-type calcium currents (ica). this result appears inconsistent with studies showing that d2-like dopamine receptor activation diminishes rod signals in second-order retinal neurons. since small reductions in [cl-] can inhibit photoreceptor ica, we tested the hypothesis that enhancement of ica with the d2/d4 receptor agonist, quinpirole, increases calcium-activated chloride currents (icl(ca)) causing an efflux of cl- fro ... | 2017 | 12392173 |
| nmda-evoked [ca2+]i increase in salamander retinal ganglion cells: modulation by pka and adrenergic receptors. | application of nmda induces a depolarization and increase of intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) in retinal ganglion cells, which cause ganglion cell death in models of glaucoma. in the present study, we investigated the pharmacological mechanism of how nmda-evoked increase in calcium could be modulated in dissociated retinal ganglion cells from tiger salamander. in these neurons, protein kinase a (pka) up-regulated the nmda-evoked [ca2+]i increase. in the presence of 8-bromo-camp or f ... | 2014 | 12392174 |
| accelerating monte carlo simulations of radiation therapy dose distributions using wavelet threshold de-noising. | the monte carlo dose calculation method works by simulating individual energetic photons or electrons as they traverse a digital representation of the patient anatomy. however, monte carlo results fluctuate until a large number of particles are simulated. we propose wavelet threshold de-noising as a postprocessing step to accelerate convergence of monte carlo dose calculations. a sampled rough function (such as monte carlo noise) gives wavelet transform coefficients which are more nearly equal i ... | 2002 | 12408311 |
| tiger snake envenomation and disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). | 2002 | 12408355 | |
| tigers and teapots: what does it mean to be alive? | the symposium entitled 'conceptual knowledge: developmental, biological, functional and computational accounts' was held at the british academy, london, uk on 24-26 june 2002. it was funded by the british academy with support from the novartis foundation, and organized by lorraine tyler (university of cambridge, uk) and tim shallice (university college london, uk). | 2002 | 12413568 |
| cyp6b cytochrome p450 monooxygenases from papilio canadensis and papilio glaucus: potential contributions of sequence divergence to host plant associations. | two groups of furanocoumarin-inducible cytochrome p450 genes, the cyp6b4 group and the cyp6b17 group, characterized in two closely related tiger swallowtails, papilio glaucus and papilio canadensis, are induced to different extents, with generally higher levels of cyp6b transcripts in p. glaucus. to investigate the evolutionary history of these cyp6b genes in the context of their association with furanocoumarin detoxification, we isolated thirteen cyp6b genes from these species. each of these ge ... | 2002 | 12421412 |
| laboratory susceptibility of wyeomyia smithii (diptera: culicidae) to ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae). | gregarines in the genus ascogregarina are not known to develop in sabethine mosquitoes, but we successfully infected larvae of wyeomyia smithii with ascogregarina taiwanensis in the laboratory. ascogregarina taiwanensis is a natural parasite of the exotic asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. only 18% to 70% of the w. smithii larvae had visible trophozoites, with a range of 1-92 per larva. trophozoites persisted in the midgut for more than 37 d, and one adult female w. smithii had gametocysts ... | 2007 | 12425526 |
| purification, properties, and partial amino acid sequences of alanine racemase from the muscle of the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | alanine racemase [ec 5.1.1.1], which catalyzes the interconversion between d- and l-alanine, was purified to homogeneity from the muscle of black tiger prawn penaeus monodon. the isolated enzyme had a molecular mass of 44 kda on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 90 kda on gel filtration, indicating a dimeric nature of the enzyme. the enzyme was highly specific to d- and l-alanine and did not catalyze the racemization of other amino acids. k(m) values toward both d- a ... | 2002 | 12431412 |
| four novel pyfs: members of npy/pp peptide superfamily from the eyestalk of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | an immunocytochemical method was used for localization of pancreatic polypeptide (pp) immunoreactive substances in the eyestalk of penaeus monodon using anti-c-terminal hexapeptide of pp (anti-pp6) antiserum. approximately 200 neuronal cell bodies were recognized in the ganglia between the medulla interna (mi) and medulla terminalis (mt) and surrounding mt in conjunction with the neuronal processes in medulla externa (me), mi, mt and sinus gland. about half of the pp immunoreactive neurons were ... | 2002 | 12431727 |
| differential expression of cmg peptide and crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (chhs) in the eyestalk of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon. | mouse antiserum against c-terminal amide of pem-cmg (a peptide in the family of chh/mih/gih) penta-deca peptide (rprqrnqyraalqrlamide=cmg-15) was generated and used for localization of the peptide in tissue and extract of the eyestalk of penaeus monodon by means of immunohistochemistry and dot-elisa in comparison with anti-t+ antiserum (t+=yanavqtvamide : the putative c-terminal amide of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) of macrobrachium rosenbergii). the anti-cmg-15 antiserum did not show ... | 2002 | 12431732 |
| [trichothiodystrophy and congenital heart disease in two sisters]. | trichothiodystrophy refers to a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive genodermatosis of unknown etiology. patients with trichothiodystrophy have alopecia with typical hair dysplasia ("tiger-tail"), and abnormally low sulfur content. numerous unrelated neuroectodermal defects have been observed in trichothiodystrophy. we report here trichothiodystrophy and congenital heart disease in two sisters. | 2002 | 12442133 |
| mitochondrial dna variation in indo-pacific populations of the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon. | surveys of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) variation in the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon, using restriction fragment length polymorphisms have provided the first clear evidence that the indo-west pacific region is a site of accumulation of genetic diversity rather than a site of origin of genetic diversity. no haplotyes were found in common between a group of five southeast african populations and a group of five australian (including western australia) and three southeast asian populations. the ... | 2002 | 12453239 |
| differential synaptic organization of gabaergic bipolar cells and non-gabaergic (glutamatergic) bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina. | the synaptic organizations of gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive (gaba-ir, gabaergic) and non-gaba-ir (non-ir, glutamatergic) bipolar cells in salamander retina were compared by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. a total of 238 presynaptic bipolar cell synapses were studied; 61 were gaba-ir and 177 were non-ir. both groups were similar in that (1). they made asymmetrical ribbon synapses as well as asymmetrical non-ribbon synapses; (2). they made ribbon synapses at dyads, triads, and mo ... | 2003 | 12454984 |
| enumeration of coliforms and escherichia coli in frozen black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon by conventional and rapid methods. | conventional (most probable number, mpn) and rapid methods-including chromocult coliform agar (cca), fluorocult(r) lmx broth (lmx), and petrifilm escherichia coli count plates (pec) for enumeration of coliforms and e. coli in frozen black tiger shrimp from thailand were compared in order to assess the possibility of using one of the rapid methods for routine analysis. enumeration of coliforms and e. coli from 18 samples of regular frozen black tiger shrimp and 156 samples of frozen black tiger s ... | 2003 | 12457585 |
| a test of metabolically efficient coding in the retina. | we tested the hypothesis that aspects of the neural code of retinal ganglion cells are optimized to transmit visual information at minimal metabolic cost. under a broad ensemble of light patterns, ganglion cell spike trains consisted of sparse, precise bursts of spikes. these bursts were viewed as independent neural symbols. the noise in each burst was measured via repeated presentation of the visual stimulus, and the energy cost was estimated from the total charge flow during ganglion cell spik ... | 2002 | 12463343 |
| calcium-dependent inactivation and depletion of synaptic cleft calcium ions combine to regulate rod calcium currents under physiological conditions. | l-type ca2+ currents (i(ca)) in rod photoreceptors exhibit ca2+-dependent inactivation. perforated-patch whole-cell recordings were obtained from isolated rods of the tiger salamander using 1.8 mm ca2+ in the bathing medium to determine the extent of ca2+-dependent inactivation of i(ca) with physiological [ca2+] and endogenous buffering. i(ca) was measured with voltage ramps applied before and after 5-s steps to -40, -30, -20, or -10 mv. long depolarizing steps in isolated rods produced inactiva ... | 2002 | 12473074 |
| auditory encoding during the last moment of a moth's life. | the simple auditory system of noctuoid moths has long been a model for anti-predator studies in neuroethology, although these ears have rarely been experimentally stimulated by the sounds they would encounter from naturally attacking bats. we exposed the ears of five noctuoid moth species to the pre-recorded echolocation calls of an attacking bat (eptesicus fuscus) to observe the acoustic encoding of the receptors at this critical time in their defensive behaviour. the b cell is a non-tympanal r ... | 2003 | 12477898 |
| complete mitochondrial dna sequence of a tadpole shrimp (triops cancriformis) and analysis of museum samples. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtnda) of the tadpole shrimp triops cancriformis was sequenced. the sequence consisted of 15,101 bp with an a+t content of 69%. its gene arrangement was identical with those sequences of the water flea (daphnia pulex) and giant tiger prawn (penaeus monodon), whereas it differed from that of the brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) in the arrangement of its genes for trnas. phylogenetic analysis revealed t. cancriformis to be more closely related to the water flea th ... | 2002 | 12481263 |
| efficacy of porcine gonadotropins for repeated stimulation of ovarian activity for oocyte retrieval and in vitro embryo production and cryopreservation in siberian tigers (panthera tigris altaica). | a comparison of the amino acid sequences demonstrated that siberian tiger gonadotropins are more homologous with those of porcine than any other commercially available preparation. the present study measured the efficacy of repeated ovarian stimulation with purified porcine gonadotropins on the follicular, hormonal, and immunogenic responses in siberian tigers as well as on the ability of oocytes retrieved by laparoscopic follicular aspiration to fertilize and cleave in vitro. controlled rate an ... | 2003 | 12493701 |
| application of species-specific polymerase chain reaction in the forensic identification of tiger species. | globally, tigers are considered to be endangered, and are listed on appendix i of cites. a simple test, using a species-specific primer pair, was developed to identify tiger meat, faeces and dried skin, and provide forensic evidence of illegal wildlife trade. the specific fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was also successfully amplified from raw dna products extracted from single tiger hairs. this pcr-based approach opens a new avenue to forensic identification of less-than-optimal sam ... | 2003 | 12505474 |
| serum concentrations of lipids, vitamin d metabolites, retinol, retinyl esters, tocopherols and selected carotenoids in twelve captive wild felid species at four zoos. | serum concentrations of several nutrients were measured in 12 captive wild felid species including caracal (felis caracal), cheetah (acinonyx jubatus), cougar (felis concolor), fishing cat (felis viverrinus), leopard (panthera pardus), lion (panthera leo), ocelot (felis pardalis), pallas cat (felis manul), sand cat (felis margarita), serval (felis serval), snow leopard (panthera uncia) and tiger (panthera tigris). diet information was collected for these animals from each participating zoo (broo ... | 2003 | 12514284 |
| [neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, type-i (nbia-i) (formerly hallervorden-spatz, disease). par i: clinical manifestation and treatment]. | this is a rare syndrome, most likely of several genetically determined neurodegenerative disorders with similar pathogenesis. two forms of the disease are distinguished: familial occurring in about 50% of cases and sporadic with about 15% of cases in which parental consanguinity is found. clinically, nbia-1 is characterised by a slow progression of extrapyramidal symptoms and progressive dementia, mostly in children. relentlessly progressive course is obvious, but the progress may be very slow, ... | 2002 | 12523119 |
| control of pathogenic vibrio spp. by bacillus subtilis bt23, a possible probiotic treatment for black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | the present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antagonistic effect of bacillus against the pathogenic vibrios. | 2003 | 12535126 |
| coagulopathy from tiger snake envenoming and its treatment. | 2002 | 12556002 | |
| who put the tank in the tiger? | 2006 | 12558302 | |
| nasopharyngeal myxosarcoma in a bengal tiger (panthera tigris). | an 18- to 25-yr-old intact female bengal tiger (panthera tigris) was diagnosed antemortem and postmortem with nasopharyngeal myxosarcoma metastatic to the lung, chronic lymphoplasmacytic otitis media, and lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic stomatitis. myxosarcomas are rare in domestic animals and seldom metastasize; this tumor has not been previously reported in an exotic felid. computed tomography of the skull was used during the diagnoses. | 2002 | 12564536 |
| combination therapy for footpad lesions in a captive bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris). | a captive adult male bengal tiger (panthera tigris tigris) was treated for chronic footpad ulcers associated with pacing on concrete cage surfaces. combination therapy of oral fluoxetine and acepromazine administration to diminate pacing behavior, daily application of moisturizing ointment, and oral vitamin e supplementation resulted in complete resolution of all footpad lesions. subsequent clinical episodes completely resolved with similar treatments. | 2002 | 12564540 |
| preparation of spent brewer's yeast beta-glucans with a potential application as an immunostimulant for black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | spent brewer's yeast was autolysed and the insoluble yeast cell wall fraction obtained was used as a raw material for the preparation of brewer's yeast beta-glucan (byg). a simple alkaline extraction was applied and optimized. the byg with significantly (p</=0.05) high carbohydrate and glucan contents of 92% and 51% (w/w), respectively and with a low protein content of 1.6% (w/w) was obtained by a single alkaline extraction using 5 volumes of 1.0 n naoh at 90 degrees c for 1 h. in vitro, this gl ... | 2003 | 12573564 |
| a retrospective study of daylily toxicosis in cats. | the easter, japanese, stargazer and tiger lilies (lilium sp) are nephrotoxic to cats. this study examined risks posed to cats by the common daylily (hemerocallis sp: h. dumortierei, h. fulvi, h. graminea, h. seiboldii) following ingestion. records describing ingestion of hemerocallis sp between january 1998 and june 2002 were reviewed for signalment, quantity ingested, clinical signs (onset, severity, duration), treatments administered, and outcome. twenty-two cases of confirmed exposure resulti ... | 2003 | 12583697 |
| acute stroke: trial by jury. the toothless tiger (role of the principal investigator). | all trials require a principal investigator to take the lead role and act as main contact amongst the various groups of participants. his role ranges from assistance in protocol design; through selection of investigators, monitoring of study conduct and responding to safety committee recommendations; to involvement in study reporting and in maintaining access to the data set after the conclusion of the trial. this article describes the role of the principal investigator and steering committee in ... | 2003 | 12584423 |
| microbial quality of shrimp products of export trade produced from aquacultured shrimp. | bacteriological quality of individually quick frozen (iqf) shrimp products produced from aquacultured tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) has been analysed in terms of aerobic plate count (apc), coliforms, escherichia coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci, salmonella, and listeria monocytogenes. eight hundred forty-six samples of raw, peeled, and deveined tail-on (rpto), 928 samples of cooked, peeled, and deveined tail-on (cpto), 295 samples of headless, undeveined shell-on (hlso), and 141 samples o ... | 2003 | 12593924 |
| comparison of the in vitro neuromuscular activity of venom from three australian snakes (hoplocephalus stephensi, austrelaps superbus and notechis scutatus): efficacy of tiger snake antivenom. | 1. tiger snake antivenom, raised against notechis scutatus venom, is indicated not only for the treatment of envenomation by this snake, but also that of the copperhead (austrelaps superbus) and stephen's banded snake (hoplocephalus stephensi). the present study compared the neuromuscular pharmacology of venom from these snakes and the in vitro efficacy of tiger snake antivenom. 2. in chick biventer cervicis muscle and mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm preparations, all venoms (3-10 microg/ml) produ ... | 2003 | 12603339 |
| exotic snake bite: a challenge for the scandinavian anesthesiologist? | venomous snake bites are uncommon in the scandinavian countries. envenomation from exotic snakes do however occur, mostly amongst snake handlers. this case report documents the effects and treatment for envenomation from hoplocephalus bungaroides, or the broad-headed snake, native to eastern and southern australia. snakes of the genus hoplocephalus have previously been described as of 'lesser medical importance' because of their rarity. | 2003 | 12631054 |
| the balbiani body and generation of early asymmetry in the oocyte of a tiger beetle. | the developmental changes within the balbiani body in previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes of a tiger beetle, pseudoxycheila angustata, are described. our study showed that the balbiani body forms in a juxtanuclear position in previtellogenic oocytes. subsequently, it disperses within the ooplasm while multivesicular bodies, a prominent component of the balbiani body in this species, segregate out and are targeted to the posterior pole of the oocyte. we demonstrated that the balbiani b ... | 2003 | 12641568 |
| australian tiger snake (notechis scutatus) and mexican coral snake (micruris species) antivenoms prevent death from united states coral snake (micrurus fulvius fulvius) venom in a mouse model. | wyeth-ayerst has discontinued production of antivenin (micrurus fulvius). currently, there is no other approved coral snake antivenom available in the united states. | 2003 | 12645961 |
| chinese dragon or toothless tiger? regulating the professional competence of traditional chinese medicine practitioners. | the escalation in popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (cam) has begun to stimulate regulatory responses to ensure the safety and efficacy of different modalities. the therapeutic goods authority in australia oversees a scheme of listing and registration, said to lead the world. established cam courses now confer recognised bachelor degrees. victoria has recently regulated traditional chinese medicine (tcm) practitioners, through the chinese medicine registration act 2000 (vic), ... | 2003 | 12650000 |
| adjunctive platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor inhibition with tirofiban before primary angioplasty improves angiographic outcomes: results of the tirofiban given in the emergency room before primary angioplasty (tiger-pa) pilot trial. | previous work has suggested that platelet glycoprotein iib/iiia receptor blockade may confer benefit in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. the tiger-pa pilot trial was a single-center randomized study to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and utility of early tirofiban administration before planned primary angioplasty in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. | 2003 | 12654606 |
| pharmacological characterization of p2y receptor subtypes on isolated tiger salamander müller cells. | müller cells express a variety of neurotransmitter receptors that permit them to "sense" the extracellular environment within the retina. we have used a battery of agonists and antagonists to characterize the purinergic receptor subtypes expressed on isolated tiger salamander müller cells. changes in intracellular calcium ion concentration ([ca(2+)](i)) in müller cells were measured using the ca(2+) indicator dye fura-2 and digital imaging microscopy. atp, 2-methylthio-atp, 2-methylthio-adp, adp ... | 2003 | 12655599 |
| properties of exocytotic response in vertebrate photoreceptors. | synaptic transmission at the photoreceptor synapse is characterized by continuous release of glutamate in darkness. release is regulated by the intracellular calcium concentration ([ca2+]i). we here examined the physiological properties of exocytosis in tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum) retinal rods and cones. patch-clamp capacitance measurements were used to monitor exocytosis elicited by a rapid and uniform increase in [ca2+]i by photolysis of the caged ca2+ compound np-egta. the amplitude ... | 2003 | 12660355 |
| role of hyperpolarization-activated currents for the intrinsic dynamics of isolated retinal neurons. | the intrinsic dynamics of bipolar cells and rod photoreceptors isolated from tiger salamanders were studied by a patch-clamp technique combined with estimation of effective impulse responses across a range of mean membrane voltages. an increase in external k(+) reduces the gain and speeds the response in bipolar cells near and below resting potential. high external k(+) enhances the inward rectification of membrane potential, an effect mediated by a fast, hyperpolarization-activated, inwardly re ... | 2003 | 12668483 |
| suspected snakebite: one year prospective study of emergency department presentations. | snakebite is an uncommon, but potentially life-threatening condition. the more common clinical scenario is suspected snake-bite. our aim was to characterise the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of patients with suspected snakebites. | 2003 | 12675626 |
| living amidst large wildlife: livestock and crop depredation by large mammals in the interior villages of bhadra tiger reserve, south india. | conflict with humans over livestock and crops seriously undermines the conservation prospects of india's large and potentially dangerous mammals such as the tiger (panthera tigris) and elephant (elephas maximus). this study, carried out in bhadra tiger reserve in south india, estimates the extent of material and monetary loss incurred by resident villagers between 1996 and 1999 in conflicts with large felines and elephants, describes the spatiotemporal patterns of animal damage, and evaluates th ... | 2003 | 12677293 |
| regulating reproductive technologies: panacea or paper tiger? | 1997 | 12680374 | |
| acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats. | acute renal failure was diagnosed in 6 cats that had ingested easter lily or tiger lily plants. all 6 were treated medically; 2 underwent hemodialysis. three cats survived the acute episode, and although they had chronic renal failure, they survived for more than 1.5 years. two cats died despite aggressive medical management, including hemodialysis. one cat was euthanatized shortly after the diagnosis was made. three of the cats were oliguric or anuric at the time of initial examination, and all ... | 2002 | 12680447 |
| evidence for multiple pleistocene refugia in the postglacial expansion of the eastern tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum. | pleistocene glaciations were important determinants of historical migration and, hence, current levels of genetic diversity within and among populations. in many cases, these historical migrations led to the existence of disjunct populations of plants and animals. however, the origin and timing of arrival of these disjunct populations is often debated. in the current study, we identify potential refugia and estimate the timing of vicariance events of the eastern tiger salamander, ambystoma tigri ... | 2003 | 12683533 |
| impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of india. | india has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. these resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. the present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern india, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. indiscriminate ex ... | 2003 | 12691495 |
| induction of peroxide and superoxide protective enzymes and physiological cross-protection against peroxide killing by a superoxide generator in vibrio harveyi. | vibrio harveyi is a causative agent of destructive luminous vibriosis in farmed black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon). v. harveyi peroxide and superoxide stress responses toward elevated levels of a superoxide generated by menadione were investigated. exposure of v. harveyi to sub-lethal concentrations of menadione induced high expression of genes in both the oxyr regulon (e.g., a monofunctional catalase or kata and an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit c or ahpc), and the soxrs regulon (e.g., ... | 2003 | 12694915 |
| progressive dystonia in a 12-year-old boy. | pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (pkan) (mim 234200; hallervorden-spatz syndrome) is a degenerative, autosomal recessive disorder in childhood, currently without specific treatment. in contrast to variable clinical features, t2-weighted magnetic resonance images show a characteristic 'eye-of-the-tiger sign' in the globus pallidus due to excess iron deposition. recently a defect in pantothenate kinase, the key regulatory enzyme in the synthesis of coenzyme a from pantothenate, has ... | 2003 | 12697433 |
| center-surround organization in bipolar cells: symmetry for opposing contrasts. | intracellular recordings were obtained from 73 cone-driven bipolar cells in the light-adapted retina of the tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum). responses to flashes of negative and positive contrast for centered spots and concentric annuli of optimum spatial dimensions were analyzed as a function of contrast magnitude. for both depolarizing and hyperpolarizing bipolar cells, it was found that remarkably similar responses were observed for the center and surround when comparisons were made bet ... | 2014 | 12699078 |
| contrast encoding in retinal bipolar cells: current vs. voltage. | to investigate the influence of voltage-sensitive conductances in shaping light-evoked responses of retinal bipolar cells, whole-cell recordings were made in the slice preparation of the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum. to study contrast encoding, the retina was stimulated with 0.5-s steps of negative and positive contrasts of variable magnitude. in the main, responses recorded under voltage- and current-clamp modes were remarkably similar. in general agreement with past results in the inta ... | 2016 | 12699080 |
| a high-throughput on-line microdialysis-capillary assay for d-serine. | a high-throughput method is described for the analysis of d-serine and other neurotransmitters in tissue homogenates. analysis is performed by microdialysis-capillary electrophoresis (ce) with laser-induced fluorescence (lif) detection in a sheath flow detection cell. sample pretreatment is not required as microdialysis sampling excludes proteins and cell fragments. primary amines are derivatized on-line with o-phthaldialdehyde (opa) in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol followed by on-line ce ... | 2003 | 12707916 |
| evolutionary dynamics of a satellite dna in the tiger beetle species pair cicindela campestris and c. maroccana. | satellite repeat elements are an abundant component of eukaryotic genomes, but not enough is known about their evolutionary dynamics and their involvement in karyotype and species differentiation. we report the nucleotide sequence, chromosomal localization, and evolutionary dynamics of a repetitive dna element of the tiger beetle species pair cicindela maroccana and cicindela campestris. the element was detected after restriction digest of c. maroccana total genomic dna with ecori as a single ba ... | 2003 | 12723037 |
| klinefelter syndrome (39 xxy) in an adult siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica). | fibroblast cultures of a skin biopsy from an adult intact male siberian tiger (panthera tigris altaica) revealed an abnormal standard and g-banded karyotype diploid chromosome number of 2n = 39 xxy due to an extra sex chromosome as opposed to the expected 2n = 38 xy. the tiger was euthanatized 1 yr later due to acute multifocal intervertebral disc disease. histopathology of the reproductive tract demonstrated a paucity of seminiferous tubules and these were devoid of spermatagonia. an increase i ... | 2003 | 12723808 |
| goalpha labels on bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina. | by using double-label immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy, we studied rod and cone synaptic contacts, photoreceptor-bipolar cell convergence, and patterns of axon terminal ramification of on bipolar cells in the tiger salamander retina. an antibody to recoverin, a calcium-binding protein found in photoreceptors and other retinal neurons in various vertebrates, differentially labeled rods and cones by lightly staining rod cell bodies, axons, and synaptic pedicles and heavily staining cone ... | 2003 | 12724843 |
| acute respiratory failure after a tiger mosquito bite: a case report. | 2003 | 12734648 | |
| cannabinoid receptor activation differentially modulates ion channels in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. | cannabinoid cb1 receptors have been detected in retinas of numerous species, with prominent labeling in photoreceptor terminals of the chick and monkey. cb1 labeling is well-conserved across species, suggesting that cb1 receptors might also be present in photoreceptors of the tiger salamander. synaptic transmission in vertebrate photoreceptors is mediated by l-type calcium currents-currents that are modulated by cb1 receptors in bipolar cells of the tiger salamander. presence of cb1 receptors in ... | 2003 | 12740409 |
| the influence of dehydration on the thermal preferences of the western tiger snake, notechis scutatus. | temperature selection in tiger snakes (notechis scutatus) is strongly influenced by hydration state and this response varies between two distinct neighbouring populations on semi-arid carnac island and mainland wetland (herdsman lake). fed and hydrated (control) carnac island snakes selected a preferred body temperature of 26.2+/-1.2 degrees c and an average maximum temperature of 32.5+/-0.5 degrees c in a photo-thermal gradient. dehydrated carnac island snakes selected a significantly lower pre ... | 2003 | 12743727 |
| aflatoxin contamination in shrimp feed and effects of aflatoxin addition to feed on shrimp production. | one hundred fifty samples of shrimp feed were collected from the eastern and southern regions of thailand, and aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, and g2 (afb1, afb2, afg1, and afg2) in them were analyzed. afb1 contamination ranged from a nondetectable level (< 0.003 ppb) to 0.651 ppb. metabolites of afb1 were less abundant than afb1. to study the effects of aflatoxin in feed on shrimp production, black tiger shrimp were divided into four groups of 30 shrimp per group, tested in triplicate, and fed diets con ... | 2003 | 12747701 |
| bit-mapped quantitative eeg analysis in a tiger (tiger felis) with partial seizures: a case report. | we report electroencephalographic findings in an anesthetized 4-month-old female drug-naive tiger (tiger felis) affected by partial seizures with secondary generalization. both clinical signs and electroencephalographic abnormalities were consistent with a forebrain lesion. recurring epileptiform activity was noted in the left frontal, central and temporal derivations upon visual inspection of the electroencephalogram (eeg). a quantified eeg, displayed on brain maps, showed the predominance of d ... | 2007 | 12760412 |
| a novel xenopus sws2, p434 visual pigment: structure, cellular location, and spectral analyses. | the purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the green rod pigment in xenopus laevis. | 2003 | 12764253 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of herbicide resistance in creeping bentgrass and colonial bentgrass. | embryogenic calli were induced from the seeds of creeping bentgrass (agrostis palustris huds.) cv. regent and colonial bentgrass (agrostis tenuis sibth. fl. oxen.) cv. tiger. the embryogenic calli were precultured on fresh medium for 4-7 days and then co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens, lba4404, which contains plasmid vector-psbgm harboring bar coding region, synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfp) coding region and matrix attachment region (mar). after 3 days of co-cultivation, the ... | 2003 | 12765291 |
| physiology of drought tolerance and cold hardiness of the mediterranean tiger moth cymbalophora pudica during summer diapause. | prepupae of the arctiid moth cymbalophora pudica spend spring and summer months in a summer diapause (aestivation), the duration of which is photoperiodically controlled. cold hardiness, drought tolerance and some physiological and biochemical parameters were measured in aestivating prepupae. large amounts of metabolic reserves, in the form of lipids and glycogen, accumulated prior to aestivation. glycogen served as the main metabolic fuel for aestivating prepupae. metabolic rate decreased rapid ... | 1998 | 12769889 |