Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| amino acid neurotransmitters in the retina: a functional overview. | physiological and pharmacological mechanisms of glutamatergic, gabaergic and glycinergic synapses in the tiger salamander retina were studied. we used immunocytochemical and autoradiographic methods to study localizations of these neurotransmitters and their uptake transporters; and electrophysiological methods (intracellular, extracellular and whole cell patch electrode recordings) to study the light responses, miniature postsynaptic currents and neurotransmitter-induced postsynaptic currents i ... | 1998 | 9667005 |
| metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors regulate calcium channel currents in salamander retinal ganglion cells. | 1. glutamate suppressed high-voltage-activated barium currents (iba, hva) in tiger salamander retinal ganglion cells. both ionotropic (iglur) and metabotropic (mglur) receptors contributed to this calcium channel inhibition. 2. trans-acpd (1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1s,3r-dicarboxylic acid), a broad-spectrum metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, suppressed a dihydropyridine-sensitive barium current. kainate, an ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist, reduced an omega-conotoxin gvia-sensitive cu ... | 1998 | 9660896 |
| rescuing healthcare from the paper tiger. | 1998 | 10182975 | |
| health care systems in transition. ii: east asia--the roaring tigers. | 1998 | 9602440 | |
| regulation of dopa decarboxylase expression during colour pattern formation in wild-type and melanic tiger swallowtail butterflies. | the eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly papilio glaucus shows a striking example of batesian mimicry. in this species, females are either wild type (yellow and black) or melanic (where most of the yellow colour is replaced by black). in order to understand how these different colour patterns are regulated, we examined the temporal order of wing pigment synthesis via precursor incorporation studies, enzyme assays, and in situ hybridisation to mrna encoding a key enzyme, dopa decarboxylase. we sho ... | 1998 | 9584129 |
| nodules caused by demodex-like mites in the skin of tiger quolls (dasyurus maculatus). | 1998 | 9578771 | |
| calcium-sensitive calcium influx in photoreceptor inner segments. | the effect of external calcium concentration ([ca2+]o) on membrane potential-dependent calcium signals in isolated tiger salamander rod and cone photoreceptor inner segments was investigated with patch-clamp and calcium imaging techniques. mild depolarizations led to increases in intracellular ca2+ levels ([ca2+]i) that were smaller when [ca2+]o was elevated to 10 mm than when it was 3 mm, even though maximum ca2+ conductance increased 30% with the increase in [ca2+]o. when external calcium was ... | 1998 | 9636104 |
| metastatic malignant mesothelioma in a tiger (panthera tigris). | an 8-yr-old female tiger (panthera tigris) died following a 2-wk history of progressive depression, anorexia, respiratory insufficiency, and exercise intolerance. at the time of necropsy, numerous coalescing, 4-20-mm, tan, firm nodules were scattered throughout the pleural surfaces of the thoracic wall and the mediastinum, giving a velvety appearance to these surfaces. histologically, the nodules were diagnosed as malignant pleural mesothelioma. secondary metastasis to the regional tracheobronch ... | 1998 | 9638633 |
| protein kinases modulate two glycine currents in salamander retinal ganglion cells. | 1. protein kinase modulation of glycine-activated currents was examined in acutely dissociated ganglion cells from tiger salamander retina using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques. 2. glycine (100 microm) induced an outward chloride current in cells clamped at 0 mv. co-application of 50 microm forskolin made the glycine-induced current more transient. the combination of forskolin and glycine reduced the later portion of current response without changing the initial peak amplitude. 3. 3-isobutyl ... | 1998 | 9518725 |
| postsynaptic responses of horizontal cells in the tiger salamander retina are mediated by ampa-preferring receptors. | the postsynaptic responses of sign-preserving second-order retinal neurons (horizontal cells (hcs) and off-bipolar cells) are mediated by cnqx-sensitive ampa/ka glutamate receptors. in this study we used receptor-specific allosteric regulators of desensitization and selected antagonists to determine the glutamate receptor subtypes in tiger salamander horizontal cells. two approaches were employed in this study. the first was to measure postsynaptic currents induced by exogenously applied glutama ... | 1998 | 9630565 |
| sri lanka. political violence and ethnic conflict. | in recent years, sri lanka has experienced 2 violent rebellions in which youths have played a prominent role, 1 in the majority sinhala community and 1 in the minority tamil community. the former was crushed, but the latter remains ongoing, with the liberation tigers of tamil eelam, who claim to represent the tamil minority, battling the sinhala-dominated government. prospects for peace in the short- and medium term appear poor. these events have generated an impressive body of interdisciplinary ... | 1998 | 9735059 |
| severe tiger snake envenomation in a wilderness environment. | 1998 | 9734587 | |
| membrane current noise in dark-adapted and light-adapted isolated retinal rods of the larval tiger salamander. | 1. low-frequency light-sensitive membrane current noise in isolated rod photoreceptors of the larval tiger salamander was recorded using suction electrodes, in the dark, and during light adaptation by backgrounds or by bleaching visual pigment. 2. in background light, noise variance increases and then decreases. for rods desensitized to similar levels by bleaching visual pigment, the noise variance either does not change (weak adaptation) or decreases (with stronger adaptation). 3. the power spe ... | 1998 | 9714869 |
| pussycats and baby tigers: non-invasive (pta) and minimally invasive (pt1) bladder carcinomas are not the same! | the histological distinction between non-invasive papillary transitional cell tumours (pta) and minimally invasive bladder carcinomas (pt1) is critical because of an increasing tendency of urologists to perform early cystectomy for recurrent pt1 carcinomas. nevertheless, the diagnosis of minimal stromal invasion is often difficult, resulting in considerable inter-observer variability. recent studies have revealed marked genetic differences between the stages pta and pt1. these data support model ... | 1998 | 9828830 |
| tame the paper tiger. | computerizing an organization's policies and guidelines is difficult but rewarding. the assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation of converting all paper policies and procedures into a computerized system are outlined, with particular focus on organizing guidelines according to the joint commission on accreditation of healthcare organization's (jcaho) functional standards. | 1998 | 9807446 |
| in intact cone photoreceptors, a ca2+-dependent, diffusible factor modulates the cgmp-gated ion channels differently than in rods. | we investigated the modulation of cgmp-gated ion channels in single cone photoreceptors isolated from a fish retina. a new method allowed us to record currents from an intact outer segment while controlling its cytoplasmic composition by superfusion of the electropermeabilized inner segment. the sensitivity of the channels to agonists in the intact outer segment differs from that measured in membrane patches detached from the same cell. this sensitivity, measured as the ligand concentration nece ... | 1998 | 9806963 |
| characterization of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic currents in salamander retinal ganglion cells. | spontaneous and light-evoked postsynaptic currents (spscs and lepscs, respectively) in retinal ganglion cells of the larval tiger salamander were recorded under voltage-clamp conditions from living retinal slices. the focus of this study is to characterize the spontaneous inhibitory pscs (sipscs) and their contribution to the light-evoked inhibitory pscs (leipscs) in on-off ganglion cells. sipscs were isolated from spontaneous excitatory pscs (sepscs) by application of 10 microm 6,7-dinitroquino ... | 1998 | 9772236 |
| modelling the secondary structures of slippage-prone hypervariable rna regions: the example of the tiger beetle 18s rrna variable region v4. | variable regions within ribosomal rnas frequently vary in length as a result of incorporating products of slippage. this makes constructing secondary structure models problematic because base homology is difficult or impossible to establish between species. here, we model such a region by comparing the results of the mfold suboptimal folding algorithm for different species to identify conserved structures. based on the reconstruction of base change on a phylogenetic tree of the species and compa ... | 1998 | 9512540 |
| response to change is facilitated by a three-neuron disinhibitory pathway in the tiger salamander retina. | most retinal ganglion cells respond only transiently, for approximately 150 msec at the onset and termination of a light flash. the responses are transient because it has been shown that bipolar-to-ganglion cell transmission is truncated after 150 msec by a feedback inhibition to bipolar cell terminals. the feedback inhibition itself must be delayed by approximately 150 msec to allow the initial bipolar-ganglion cell transmission. this study identifies a three-component serial synaptic pathway f ... | 1998 | 9547252 |
| a tuber rot of cyperus esculentus caused by rosellinia necatrix. | tiger nut (cyperus esculentus l.) is cultivated in spain for the production of tiger nut milk. over the past 5 years, important economic losses resulting from a new tuber rot have been observed near valencia in eastern spain. affected tubers were covered by a white mycelium that turned black as the disease advanced, leading to a general rotting of tubers. aboveground plant parts showed some early decay and under high-moisture environmental conditions the white mycelium was present on the soil su ... | 1998 | 30845420 |
| contrast enhancement and distributed encoding by bipolar cells in the retina. | responses of bipolar cells, cone photoreceptors, and horizontal cells were recorded intracellularly in superfused eyecup preparations of the tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum). contrast flashes of positive and negative polarity were applied at the center of the receptive field while the entire retina was light adapted to a background field of 20 cd/m2. for small contrasts, many bipolar cells showed remarkably high contrast gain: up to 15-20% of the bipolar response was evoked by a contrast st ... | 1998 | 9744922 |
| mechanics of lung ventilation in a larval salamander ambystoma tigrinum. | the larval stage of the tiger salamander ambystoma tigrinum is entirely aquatic, but the larvae rely on their lungs for a large proportion of their oxygen uptake. x-ray video and pressure measurements from the buccal and body cavities demonstrate that the larvae inspire using a two-stroke buccal pump and exhale actively by contracting the hypaxial musculature to increase body pressure. larvae begin a breath by expanding the buccal cavity to draw in air through the mouth, while simultaneously exh ... | 1998 | 9739071 |
| experimental analysis of character coupling across a complex life cycle: pigment pattern metamorphosis in the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum. | developmental relationships among characters are expected to bias patterns of morphological variation at the population level. studies of character development thus can provide insights into processes of adaptation and the evolutionary diversification of morphologies. here i use experimental manipulations to test whether larval and adult pigment patterns are coupled across metamorphosis in the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum (ambystomatidae). previous investigations showed that the ... | 1998 | 9642792 |
| actin cytoskeleton regulates ion channel activity in retinal neurons. | the actin cytoskeleton is an important contributor to the integrity of cellular shape and responses in neurons. however, the molecular mechanisms associated with functional interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal ion channels are largely unknown. whole-cell and single channel recording techniques were thus applied to identified retinal bipolar neurons of the tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum) to assess the role of acute changes in actin-based cytoskeleton dynamics in the regu ... | 1998 | 9559935 |
| mechanics of lung ventilation in a larval salamander ambystoma tigrinum. | the larval stage of the tiger salamander ambystoma tigrinum is entirely aquatic, but the larvae rely on their lungs for a large proportion of their oxygen uptake. x-ray video and pressure measurements from the buccal and body cavities demonstrate that the larvae inspire using a two-stroke buccal pump and exhale actively by contracting the hypaxial musculature to increase body pressure. larvae begin a breath by expanding the buccal cavity to draw in air through the mouth, while simultaneously exh ... | 1998 | 9866876 |
| pathogen transmission as a selective force against cannibalism. | cannibalism is uncommon in most species despite being taxonomically widespread. this rarity is surprising, because cannibalism can confer important nutritional and competitive advantages to the cannibal. a general, but untested, explanation for why cannibalism is rare is that cannibals may be especially likely to acquire pathogens from conspecifics, owing to greater genetic similarity among conspecifics and selection for host specificity and resistance to host immune defences among pathogens. we ... | 1998 | 9632508 |
| habitat-contingent reproductive behaviour in radio-implanted salamanders: a model and test. | all tiger salamanders, ambystoma tigrinum, entering a small pond in new york state were given radio-implants and tracked throughout breeding to determine whether reproductive behaviour in nature differs from that described in laboratory studies. i formed an extended model of adult reproductive behaviour that included male and female strategies and differential use of habitat components in the breeding pond, and then tested four key predictions regarding adult movement using the sequence of posit ... | 1998 | 9632505 |
| interactions of gonadal steroids and pesticides (ddt, dde) on gonaduct growth in larval tiger salamanders, ambystoma tigrinum. | in view of the current worldwide decline in amphibian populations, exploratory studies are needed to assess the potential for environmental contaminants to act as endocrine disrupters of the amphibian reproductive system. the present study investigated the effects of ddt dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde) on the development of amphibian gonaducts. larval male and female tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum), with immature gonads, were immersed in a ... | 1998 | 9446727 |
| lions and tigers and bears, oh my! | 1998 | 9597529 | |
| are lions and tigers substitutes or associates? evidence against slot filler accounts of children's early categorization. | items in event-based categorical relations, or "slot fillers," have been found to be recalled better by children than items in a taxonomic relation. this has been used as evidence that children's memory is organized around script-based representations rather than taxonomic structures. others have attributed the superior recall of slot fillers to association and typicality rather than memory structure per se. this study was designed to see if the slot filler advantage remains when association and ... | 1998 | 9586210 |
| antibody response of lions inoculated with inactivated calicivirus vaccine experimentally prepared. | the majority of lions and tigers in a safari park in japan were suffering from acute vesicular disease caused by a calicivirus infection. all of these animals were injected subcutaneously with an inactivated calicivirus vaccine experimentally prepared with one of the seed viruses originally isolated from sick lions. seroneutralizing antibody of paired sera collected from ten female lions at two week intervals was measured. a significant elevation of specific antibody was detected in the serum sa ... | 1998 | 9579339 |
| phenoloxidase activity of hemocytes derived from penaeus monodon and macrobrachium rosenbergii. | the phenoloxidase (po) activity of hemocyte lysate supernatant (hls) from both tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) and giant freshwater prawn (macro-branchium rosenbergii) was examined by treating hls with various factors, such as an increase in temperatures from 25 to 70 degrees c, one of four elicitors (beta-1,3-1,6-glucan, zymosan, heat-killed vibrio cells, and lipopolysaccharide), trypsin, one of three protease inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl-p'-guanidinobenzoate, and benzami ... | 1998 | 9446734 |
| action potentials are required for the lateral transmission of glycinergic transient inhibition in the amphibian retina. | transient lateral inhibition (tli), the suppression of responses of a ganglion cell to light stimuli in the receptive field center by changes in illumination in the receptive field surround, was studied in light-adapted mud puppy and tiger salamander retinas using both eyecup and retinal slice preparations. in the eyecup, tli was measured in on-off ganglion cells as the ability of rotating, concentric windmill patterns of 500-1200 micron inner diameter to suppress the response to a small spot st ... | 1998 | 9482814 |
| snake bites recorded by veterinary practices in australia. | to determine the extent of the snake bite problem in domestic animals, its regional significance and the effects of antivenom treatment. | 1998 | 9578756 |
| severe multi-system failure following delayed presentation with tiger snake envenomation. | a 68 year-old-man presented some twelve hours after a presumed tiger snake bite with coagulopathy, paralysis and muscle necrosis. he suffered multi-system failure requiring prolonged ventilation, haemodialysis and supportive care, to be discharged after 26 days. delays to antivenom therapy after tiger snake envenomation can result in significant morbidity. australian snakes are the most venomous in the world. | 1998 | 9807618 |
| isolation and characterization of laminin-10/11 secreted by human lung carcinoma cells. laminin-10/11 mediates cell adhesion through integrin alpha3 beta1. | a panel of human tumor cell lines was screened for selective expression of laminin alpha5 chain, a newly identified laminin subunit comprising laminin-10 (alpha5 beta1 gamma1) and -11 (alpha5 beta2 gamma1). the lung adenocarcinoma cell line a549 was found to express the alpha5 chain at relatively high levels but no detectable amounts of other alpha chains. the laminin variants containing alpha5 chain were purified from the conditioned medium of a549 cells by immunoaffinity chromatography using t ... | 1998 | 9624186 |
| entomoplasma freundtii sp. nov., a new species from a green tiger beetle (coleoptera: cicindelidae). | a mollicute (strain barc 318t) isolated from gut tissue of a green tiger beetle (coleoptera: cicindelidae) was found by dark-field microscopy to consist of non-helical, non-motile, pleomorphic coccoid forms of various sizes. in ultrastructural studies, individual cells varied in diameter from 300 to 1200 nm, were surrounded by a cytoplasmic membrane and showed no evidence of cell wall. the organisms were readily filterable through membrane filters with mean pore diameters of 450 and 300 nm, with ... | 1998 | 9828421 |
| genetic structure in wild populations of black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) using randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was used to examine genetic variation in wild black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. specimens were collected from five geographically separated locations (satun-trang, phangnga, and medan in the andaman sea and chumphon and trad in the gulf of thailand). a total of 100 p. monodon individuals were investigated using seven arbitrarily selected primers. fifty-eight (72.5%) of eighty reproducible rapd fragments ranging in size from 200 to 2200 bp wer ... | 1998 | 9852621 |
| regulation of sperm function by protein tyrosine phosphorylation in diverse wild felid species. | protein tyrosine phosphorylation is associated with sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in several mammalian species. changes in phosphorylation of a 95-kda protein in human, mouse, and domestic cat spermatozoa are known to be influenced by capacitation and exposure to zona pellucida (zp) proteins. we previously reported diminished phosphorylation of 95- and 160-kda proteins in spermatozoa from teratospermic cats, compared with normospermic domestic cats. to determine if these proteins ... | 1998 | 9876019 |
| the hemolymph clottable proteins of tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, and related species. | a clottable protein was purified from the hemolymph of tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) by sequential deae anion-exchange chromatography. the protein formed stable clots in the presence of ca2+ and the transglutaminase in hemocyte lysate. it is thermostable at temperatures up to 66 degrees c. the molecular mass of the clottable protein was determined to be 380 kda by sds-page and maldi-tof mass spectrometry, and the protein exists as disulfide-linked homodimers and oligomers. the size and amino ac ... | 1998 | 9972292 |
| age-related changes in the tiger salamander retina. | tiger salamanders have been used in visual science because of the large size of their cells and the ease of preparation and maintenance of in vitro retinal preparations. we have found that salamanders over 27 cm in length show a variety of visual abnormalities. compared to smaller animals (15-23 cm), large animals exhibited a decrease in visual responses determined by tests of the optomotor reflex. small animals responded correctly an average of 84.5% of the time in visual testing at three light ... | 1998 | 9631666 |
| deficiency of cytosolic arylamine n-acetylation in the domestic cat and wild felids caused by the presence of a single nat1-like gene. | the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular basis for a relative deficiency in the cat of cytosolic arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat), an enzyme family that is important in the metabolism of xenobiotics and that normally consists of at least two related enzymes, nat1 and nat2. n-acetyltransferase in feline liver showed high affinity (mean km = 2.1 microm) for p-aminobenzoic acid, an nat1 selective substrate in humans and rabbits, but showed a very poor affinity (mean km > 10 mm) f ... | 1998 | 10022754 |
| a preliminary study of ribosomal dna polymorphism in the tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | the preliminary study of rdna polymorphisms in p. monodon showed that inter- and intraindividual polymorphisms of rdna were clearly observed in this species. individual-specific rdna restriction patterns were observed when digested with bamhi and saci. the intergenic spacers (igs) region of p. monodon rdna plays an important role in length heteroplasmy at both between- and within-individual levels in this species. | 1998 | 9701643 |
| volatile components associated with bacterial spoilage of tropical prawns. | analysis of headspace volatiles by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry from king (penaeus plebejus), banana (p. merguiensis), tiger (p. esculentus/semisulcatus) and greasy (metapenaeus bennettae) prawns stored in ice or ice slurry, which is effectively an environment of low oxygen tension, indicated the presence of amines at the early stages of storage (less than 8 days) irrespective of the nature of the storage media. esters were more prevalent in prawns stored on ice (normal oxygen conditions ... | 1998 | 9706797 |
| diurnal variation and effects of feeding on blood glucose in the giant tiger prawn, penaeus monodon. | previous studies on crustacea have demonstrated significant diurnal rhythms in blood glucose. however, glucose concentration in the blood of food-deprived penaeus monodon, held in indoor or outdoor tanks, did not exhibit a diurnal rhythm under photoperiods of 8 h light and 16 h darkness (8l: 16d) or under a 13.5l: 9.5d photoperiod, with simulated or natural full moon conditions. prawns held on photoperiods of constant light, 20l : 4d, 16l : 8d, 12l : 12d, 8l : 16d, 4l : 20d, or continuous darkne ... | 1998 | 9754534 |
| histopathology of cultured shrimp showing gross signs of yellow head syndrome and white spot syndrome during 1994 indian epizootics. | two epizootics of cultured shrimp occurred in india in 1994. the first case of mass mortalities of tiger shrimp penaeus monodon in july 1994 was very similar to that caused by yellowhead virus (yhv) infection with regard to gross clinical signs, host species and size of shrimp affected, but it was histologically atypical. very interestingly, intranuclear inclusions typical of a white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection were present in shrimp showing gross signs of yellow head syndrome, suggesti ... | 1998 | 9789974 |
| the cardiovascular, coagulation and haematological effects of tiger snake (notechis scutatus) venom. | the cardiovascular, coagulation and haematological effects of tiger snake (notechis scutatus) venom were investigated in anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs. intravenous infusion of venom caused dose-related systemic hypotension, low cardiac output, pulmonary hypertension and raised pulmonary artery occlusion pressure. these effects occurred within several minutes of venom administration but recovered over 30 to 40 minutes. they were accompanied by prolongation of prothrombin and activat ... | 1998 | 9807609 |
| generalized aa-amyloidosis in siberian tigers (panthera tigris altaica) with predominant renal medullary amyloid deposition. | generalized amyloidosis with predominant renal medullary amyloid deposition was found in four closely related siberian tigers (panthera tigris altaica) suffering from end stage kidney diseases. only minimal to mild amounts of amyloid were deposited in various organs outside the kidneys with individually variable organ involvement. the congo red staining affinity of amyloid deposits was sensitive to potassium permanganate oxidation. the deposits were further characterized as being of the amyloid- ... | 1998 | 9545138 |
| the cardiovascular, coagulation and haematological effects of tiger snake (notechis scutatus) prothrombin activator and investigation of release of vasoactive substances. | the cardiovascular, coagulation and haematological effects of prothrombin activator from tiger snake (notechis scutatus) venom were investigated in anaesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs. infusion caused dose-related systemic hypotension, marked decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume, marked increases in pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. effects occurred within several minutes but abated over 30 to 40 minutes. evidence of ... | 1998 | 9807610 |
| chronic gastritis in tigers associated with helicobacter acinonyx. | helicobacter pylori-like organisms (hplos) were isolated from the gastric mucosa of two sumatran tigers and identified by polymerase chain reaction analysis as helicobacter acinonyx. at histological examination, both tigers revealed a chronic gastritis associated with hplos as demonstrated by immunolabelling and electron microscopy. this is the first isolation of h. acinonyx from tigers, in which, as previously reported in cheetahs, it may be a cause of gastritis. | 1998 | 9717128 |
| gastric spiral bacteria in small felids. | nine small cats, including one bobcat (felis rufus), one pallas cat (f. manul), one canada lynx (f. lynx canadensis), two fishing cats (f. viverrina), two margays (f. wiedii), and two sand cats (f. margarita), necropsied between june 1995 and march 1997 had large numbers of gastric spiral bacteria, whereas five large cats, including one african lion (panthera leo), two snow leopards (p. uncia), one siberian tiger (p. tigris altaica), and one jaguar (p. onca), necropsied during the same period ha ... | 1998 | 9732040 |
| experimental transmission of white spot syndrome virus (wssv) from crabs to shrimp penaeus monodon. | white spot syndrome virus (wssv) of the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon is a recently discovered baculo-like virus disease which is currently the cause of very serious and widespread losses in the shrimp industry in thailand and elsewhere in asia. three suspected crab carriers of this virus commonly found in shrimp-rearing areas were investigated. these were sesarma sp., scylla serrata and uca pugilator. all these crabs could be infected with wssv by injection and they sustained heavy viral in ... | 1998 | 9789973 |
| vulnerable to hiv / aids. migration. | this special report discusses the impact of globalization, patterns of migration in southeast asia, gender issues in migration, the links between migration and hiv/aids, and spatial mobility and social networks. migrants are particularly marginalized in countries that blame migrants for transmission of infectious and communicable diseases and other social ills. effective control of hiv/aids among migrant and native populations requires a multisectoral approach. programs should critically revi ... | 1998 | 12294627 |
| patterns of induced and constitutive monoterpene production in conifer needles in relation to insect herbivory. | studies were conducted to determine whether herbivore-induced synthesis of monoterpenes occurs in the needles of ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa lawson), lodgepole pine (p. contorta douglas var. latifolia engelmann), white fir (abies concolor lindl. and gordon) and engelmann spruce [picea engelmanii (parry) engelm.]. in the needles of all species except engelmann spruce, simulated herbivory significantly induced the activity of monoterpene cyclases 4-8 days after wounding. in ponderosa pine, rea ... | 1998 | 28307902 |
| high permissivity of the fish cell line ssn-1 for piscine nodaviruses. | seventeen isolates of piscine nodavirus from larvae or juveniles of 13 marine fish species affected with viral nervous necrosis (vnn) were examined for their infectivity to a fish cell line ssn-1. based on cytopathic effects (cpe) and virus antigen detection by fluorescent antibody technique (fat) after incubation at 25 degrees c, the infectivity of these virus isolates was divided into 4 groups. group 1, including 9 virus isolates from 4 species of grouper, 2 species of sea bass, barramundi, ro ... | 1999 | 11407403 |
| results from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon culture ponds stocked with postlarvae pcr-positive or -negative for white-spot syndrome virus (wssv). | commercial, intensive, earthen shrimp ponds (188) in southern thailand were stocked with postlarvae (pl) of penaeus monodon that had tested positive or negative for white-spot syndrome virus (wssv) infection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay. all the pl were grossly healthy. at 2 wk intervals after stocking, shrimp from each pond were examined for gross wssv lesions and tested for wssv by pcr. shrimp from all the ponds stocked with wssv-pcr-positive pl (group 0, n = 43) eventually showed ... | 1999 | 11407401 |
| hemostasis of tiger prawn penaeus monodon affected by vibrio harveyi, extracellular products, and a toxic cysteine protease. | the effects of bacterial cells, extracellular products (ecp) and a purified cysteine protease of vibrio harveyi on hemostasis and plasma components of tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) were studied. the clotting ability of the hemolymph withdrawn from moribund prawns pre-injected with the bacteria, ecp, cysteine protease of pbs (control) was observed for 2 h at 25 c. of these, only the control group was clottable while all the other groups were unclottable. a component of the plasma, previously iden ... | 1999 | 10575544 |
| immunochemical analysis and immunocytochemical localization of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone from the eyestalk of macrobrachium rosenbergii. | heptapeptide (yanavqv-nh2 = t-) and octapeptide (yanavqtv-nh2 = t+), the putative c-terminus of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) from the eyestalk of the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii, was synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis and conjugated to bovine serum albumin, then used for immunization in swiss mice. specificity of the antisera against both peptides was determined by indirect immunoperoxidase elisa. the best response of antiserum against each peptide was us ... | 1999 | 10582322 |
| cannabinoid cb1 receptors and ligands in vertebrate retina: localization and function of an endogenous signaling system. | cb1, a cannabinoid receptor enriched in neuronal tissue, was found in high concentration in retinas of rhesus monkey, mouse, rat, chick, goldfish, and tiger salamander by using a subtype-specific polyclonal antibody. immunolabeling was detected in the two synaptic layers of the retina, the inner and outer plexiform layers, of all six species examined. in the outer plexiform layer, cb1 was located in and/or on cone pedicles and rod spherules. labeling was detected in some amacrine cells of all sp ... | 1999 | 10588745 |
| electrophoretic characterization of a novel cysteine protease produced by vibrio harveyi. | electrophoretic characterization of a novel cysteine protease produced by pathogenic luminous vibrio harveyi, originally isolated from diseased tiger prawn penaeus monodon in taiwan, is demonstrated in the present study using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native page), sodium dodecyl sulfate-page (sds-page), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (cie) and isoelectric focusing (ief) gels. the protease has a pi of 6.4 and exhibits a fast-migrating feature in native-page and cie gels indicatin ... | 1999 | 10608698 |
| progress in the development of shrimp cell cultures in thailand. | primary shrimp cell cultures were developed from lymphoid organ and ovaries of black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, in double-strength leibovitz's l-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum, 1% glucose, 5 g/l nacl, 15% shrimp meat extract. the optimum conditions for primary culture in vitro were obtained in l-15 medium with an osmolality of approximately 730 +/- 10 mmol/kg, a temperature range of 25--28 degrees c and incubation in a normal atmosphere. however, basal medium supplemented ... | 1999 | 10627677 |
| complementary dna encoding nm23/ndp kinase gene from the korean tiger shark scyliorhinus torazame. | : a new tumor suppressor gene, snm23, homologous to the gene for human nucleoside diphosphate kinase nm23/ndp was first cloned from korean tiger shark (scyliorhinus torazame) skin lambda zap-ii complementary dna library. the gene (named snm23) containing the tumor metastasis suppressor protein was sequenced. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of snm23 revealed an open reading frame of 450 bp that corresponded to a protein of 150 amino acid residues, with a calculated molecular mass ... | 1999 | 10373621 |
| pathology, isolation, and preliminary molecular characterization of a novel iridovirus from tiger salamanders in saskatchewan. | all iridovirus was confirmed to be the cause of an epizootic in larval and adult tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum diaboli) from four separate ponds in southern saskatchewan (canada) during the summer of 1997. this organism also is suspected, based on electron microscopic findings, to be the cause of mortality of larval tiger salamanders in a pond over 200 km to the north during the same year. salamanders developed a generalized viremia which resulted in various lesions including: necrotizin ... | 1999 | 10479075 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a hemolymph clottable protein from tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). | to investigate the coagulation system in crustacean decapoda, a homodimeric glycoprotein of 380 kda was purified from the hemolymph of tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) by sequential deae anion exchange chromatography. the purified protein was coagulated by the shrimp hemocyte transglutaminase in the presence of ca2+. the clottable protein contains 44% alpha helices and 26% beta sheets as determined by circular dichroism spectra. its conformation is stable in buffer of ph 4-9. to solve its primary ... | 1999 | 10561606 |
| tiger bites. | 1999 | 10692912 | |
| aedes albopictus in the united states: current status and prospects for further spread. | since its initial discovery in the continental usa in 1985, the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, has spread rapidly throughout the eastern part of the country. infestations of ae. albopictus now have been reported to the centers for disease control and prevention from 919 counties in 26 states in the continental usa. this species is believed to be established in 911 counties in 25 states. single individuals or small numbers of ae. albopictus have been intercepted and destroyed in 3 additi ... | 1999 | 10412117 |
| comparative genome organization of the major histocompatibility complex: lessons from the felidae. | the mammalian major histocompatibility complex (mhc) has taught both immunologists and evolutionary biologists a great deal about the patterns and processes that have led to immune defenses. driven principally by human and mouse studies, comparative mhc projects among other mammalian species offer certain advantages in connecting mhc genome characters to natural situations. we have studied the mhc in the domestic cat and in several wild species of felidae. our observations affirm class i and cla ... | 1999 | 10319256 |
| mitochondrial dna diversity in three populations of the giant tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | : mitochondrial dna restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtdna-rflp) was utilized for determination of genetic variation and population structure in penaeus monodon collected from satun (the andaman sea) and surat and trat (the gulf of thailand). twenty-eight composite haplotypes were generated from 52 restriction profiles of p. monodon mtdna digested with 11 restriction endonucleases. the size of the entire p. monodon mitochondrial genome was estimated to be 15.913 +/- 0.177 kb. the averag ... | 1999 | 10373619 |
| cysteine protease is a major exotoxin of pathogenic luminous vibrio harveyi in the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon. | the role of an extracellular cysteine protease, produced by pathogenic luminous vibrio harveyi strain 820514 originally isolated from diseased tiger prawn (penaeus monodon), in the disease process in the prawns was studied. the protease was lethal to p. monodon with an ld50 value of 0.3 microgram protein g-1 prawn. the lethal toxicity of the extracellular products (ecp) of the bacterium was neutralized by pre-incubation of the ecp with rabbit antiserum to the cysteine protease. pre-incubation of ... | 1999 | 10389258 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of prophenoloxidase in the black tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon. | a cdna encoding shrimp, penaeus monodon, prophenoloxidase (propo) was obtained by screening a hemocyte library by plaque hybridization using a propo cdna fragment from freshwater crayfish, pacifastaceus leniusculus, as a probe. the 3,002 bp cdna contains an open reading frame of 2,121 bp and a 881 bp 3'-untranslated region. the molecular mass of the deduced amino acid sequence (688 amino acids) is 78,700 da with an estimated pi of 5.8. two putative copper binding sites are present and they have ... | 1999 | 10402205 |
| sharp-force trauma analysis and the forensic anthropologist: techniques advocated by william r. maples, ph.d. | forensic anthropological tenets supported by william r. maples, ph.d. provide the bases for a case study from the c.a. pound human identification laboratory. using a multidisciplinary team that included police investigators, pathologists, odontologists, entomologists, and anthropologists, a biological profile and trauma analysis was constructed. our analysis determined that the decedent was a middle-aged hispanic male, approximately 5'6"-5'7" in stature, who had died a minimum of three months be ... | 1999 | 10432606 |
| active immunisation of black tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) against vibriosis in thailand. | mechanisms of host defence in crustaceae and vibriosis in shrimp and methods for its prevention are discussed as introduction. the own work deals with the development of a site-specific multivalent anti-vibrio vaccine and its application in thailand. the vaccine was produced in a continuous bioreactor system from field strains of vibrio alginolyticus, v. harveyi, v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus, purified through ultrafiltration, and inactivated by formalin. it was applied to penaeus monodo ... | 1999 | 10486986 |
| ovarian function in the giant tiger prawn (penaeus monodon) as determined by in vitro bioassay. | ovary tissue fragments of the giant tiger prawn penaeus monodon were incubated in vitro with l-methionine[35s] plus l-cysteine[35s] as a metabolic labeling reagent. the labeled cytoplasmic and secreted proteins synthesized in vitro during incubations under various conditions were subjected to sds polyacrylamide electrophoresis and visualized by autoradiography. vitellogenin (vg) was immunologically identified and shown to be actively synthesized and released into the incubation medium. the synth ... | 1999 | 10521326 |
| tissue-specific expressed sequence tags from the black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon. | : expressed sequence tag data were generated from complementary dna libraries created from cephalothorax, eyestalk, and pleopod tissue of the black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon). significant database matches were found for 48 of 83 nuclear genes sequenced from the cephalothorax library, 22 of 55 nuclear genes from the eyestalk library, and 6 of 13 nuclear genes from the pleopod library. the putative identities of these genes reflected the expected tissue specificity. for example, genes for dige ... | 1999 | 10525681 |
| convergent strabismus in a white bengal tiger. | a white bengal tiger was noted to have a convergent strabismus with poor vision since a cub. the tiger and a littermate with normal colouring and apparently normal eyes were anaesthetised for comparative ocular examination. a fundus typical of colour-dilute cats and dogs was noted in the white tiger. except for strabismus, no abnormalities were observed. electroretinography showed similar retinal function in both tigers. possible causes of strabismus considered were an adaptation to genetically ... | 1999 | 10197239 |
| object identification deficits in dementia of the alzheimer type: combined effects of semantic and visual proximity. | identification deficits in dementia of the alzheimer type (dat) often target specific classes of objects, sparing others. using line drawings to uncover the etiology of such category-specific deficits may be untenable because the underlying shape primitives used to differentiate one line drawing from another are unspecified, and object form is yoked to object meaning. we used computer generated stimuli with empirically specifiable properties in a paradigm that decoupled form and meaning. in expe ... | 1999 | 10349296 |
| analytical currents: lions, tigers, and bears. | 1999 | 21651152 | |
| cutaneous mastocytomas in the neotenic caudate amphibians ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl) and ambystoma tigrinum (tiger salamander). | spontaneous mastocytomas studied in 18 axolotls (ambystoma mexicanum) and six tiger salamanders (ambystoma tigrinum) were gray-white, uni- to multilobular cutaneous protrusions from 2 mm to 2 cm in diameter. tumors were moderately cellular unencapsulated masses that usually infiltrated the dermis and hypodermis with the destruction of intervening tissues. some tumors were invading superficial bundles of the underlying skeletal muscle. tumors consisted of mitotically active cells derived from a s ... | 1999 | 10235473 |
| rapid desensitization converts prolonged glutamate release into a transient epsc at ribbon synapses between retinal bipolar and amacrine cells. | the mechanisms underlying the conversion of prolonged glutamate release from ribbon synapses in bipolar cells to sustained and transient excitatory postsynaptic responses in identified retinal amacrine cells were studied in tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum) retina. a retina slice preparation with whole cell patch recording techniques under voltage- and current-clamp conditions was used to assay the electrical properties of bipolar and amacrine cells. amacrine cells were categorized into two ... | 1999 | 9987038 |
| impulse encoding across the dendritic morphologies of retinal ganglion cells. | nerve impulse entrainment and other excitation and passive phenomena are analyzed for a morphologically diverse and exhaustive data set (n = 57) of realistic (3-dimensional computer traced) soma-dendritic tree structures of ganglion cells in the tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum) retina. the neurons, including axon and an anatomically specialized thin axonal segment that is observed in every ganglion cell, were supplied with five voltage- or ligand-gated ion channels (plus leakage), which wer ... | 1999 | 10200204 |
| contrast rectification and distributed encoding by on-off amacrine cells in the retina. | the encoding of luminance contrast by on-off amacrine cells was investigated by intracellular recording in the retina of the tiger salamander (ambystoma tigrinum). contrast flashes of positive and negative polarity were applied at the center of the receptive field while the entire retina was light adapted to a background field of 20 cd/m(2). many amacrine cells showed remarkably high contrast gain: up to 20-35% of the maximum response was evoked by a contrast step of only 1%. in the larger signa ... | 1999 | 10515958 |
| multiple types of spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents in salamander retinal ganglion cells. | spontaneous and light-evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (sepscs and leepscs) in retinal ganglion cells of the larval tiger salamander were recorded under voltage clamp conditions from living retinal slices. sepscs were isolated from the spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sipscs) by application of 100 m picrotoxin+1 microm strychnine. in addition to the previously reported sepscs [k. matsui, n. hosoi, m. tachibana, excitatory synaptic transmission in the inner retina: pair record ... | 1999 | 10064836 |
| the metabotropic receptor mglur6 may signal through g(o), but not phosphodiesterase, in retinal bipolar cells. | bipolar cells are retinal interneurons that receive synaptic input from photoreceptors. glutamate, the photoreceptor transmitter, hyperpolarizes on bipolar cells by closing nonselective cation channels, an effect mediated by the metabotropic receptor mglur6. previous studies of mglur6 transduction have suggested that the receptor couples to a phosphodiesterase (pde) that preferentially hydrolyzes cgmp, and that cgmp directly gates the nonselective cation channel. this hypothesis was tested by di ... | 1999 | 10191311 |
| phylogeographical population structure of tiger quolls dasyurus maculatus (dasyuridae: marsupialia), an endangered carnivorous marsupial. | tiger quolls, dasyurus maculatus, are the largest carnivorous marsupials still extant on the mainland of australia, and occupy an important ecological niche as top predators and scavengers. two allopatric subspecies are recognized, d.m. gracilis in north queensland, and d.m. maculatus in the southeast of the mainland and tasmania. d.m. gracilis is considered endangered while d.m. maculatus is listed as vulnerable to extinction; both subspecies are still in decline. phylogeographical subdivision ... | 1999 | 10583825 |
| the eye of the tiger sign in cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration. | 1999 | 9918367 | |
| automatic characterization and classification of ganglion cells from the salamander retina. | the classification of retinal ganglion cells according to their morphological features is addressed by using a comprehensive set of shape measures and several clustering strategies. the morphological features considered include many common measures (such as dendritic radii and the number of dendritic segments) and three new quantifiable measures: 1) the area of influence of the dendritic tree as calculated in an operator-independent manner by using minkowski sausages; 2) the complexity of tortuo ... | 1999 | 9886023 |
| can china be a clean tiger?: growth strategies and environmental realities. | 1999 | 22039656 | |
| the tiger stirring: aspects of commuting in the republic of ireland, 1981-1996. | 1999 | 21894650 | |
| spatial heterogeneity and function of voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels in retinal amacrine neurons. | the spatial distribution of ion channels within amacrine cells of the tiger salamander retina was studied using patch recording in the retinal slice preparation. by focally puffing kainate, gaba and glycine at amacrine cell processes in the inner plexiform layer, it was determined that the cell's glutamate receptors were located in a confined region of the processes near the soma, while glycine and gaba receptors were located throughout the processes. likewise, similar techniques in conjunction ... | 1999 | 10380682 |
| [value of the relative phonetogram (rp) for the evaluation of organic dysphonias]. | the phonetogram in a recognized element of voice evaluation, but its relation to perceptual voice quality is unclarified. the phonetograms area is easy to measure since the existence of efficient computer software. so information about frequency and intensity range can be united in one single parameter. the individual phonetogram area in relation to a gender- and training-specific normal value constitutes the "relative phonetogram (rp)". a prospective evaluation of the relative phonetogram was p ... | 1999 | 10668357 |
| the scope of teleological thinking in preschool children. | these studies explore the scope of young children's teleological tendency to view entities as 'designed for purposes'. one view ('selective teleology') argues that teleology is an innate, basic mode of thinking that, throughout development, is selectively applied by children and adults to artifacts and biological properties. an alternative proposal ('promiscuous teleology') argues that teleological reasoning derives from children's knowledge of intentionality and is not restricted to any particu ... | 1999 | 10384737 |
| anatomical and electrophysiological evidence for gabaergic bipolar cells in tiger salamander retina. | our previous work showed that about 12% of bipolar cells in salamander retina synthesize and take up gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), are gaba transporter (gat)-immunoreactive, and respond with a gat current to extracellularly applied gaba, suggesting that these bipolar cells use gaba, in addition to glutamate, as a neurotransmitter. further support for this idea was obtained in this study by use of immunogold electron microscopy and whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology. ultrastructural analy ... | 1999 | 10746135 |
| neurological symptoms 27 years after tiger bite. | 1999 | 10472285 | |
| development of size structure in tiger salamanders: the role of intraspecific interference. | cannibalism affects patterns of density-dependent mortality and may regulate population size. in many cases, rates of cannibalism depend on size structure, the frequency distribution of body sizes in the population, because cannibals can often only capture and consume smaller individuals. size differences within single-age groups can be caused by a variety of factors. in this research we tested the hypothesis that size variation among larval tiger salamanders is due, in part, to interference int ... | 1999 | 28308302 |
| effects on voice by endolaryngeal microsurgery. | endolaryngeal microsurgery (em) is functionally oriented. therefore, assessment of vocal function is important to evaluate the effect of the surgery on voice. in all, 58 patients, including 26 patients with vocal cord nodules and 32 patients with vocal cord polyps, underwent em. the patients' voices were recorded and analyzed before em and 2 weeks after. analysis of voice quality included perceptual assessment and each patient's own subjective evaluation of social acceptability of voice accordin ... | 1999 | 10456282 |
| hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a worker exposed to tiger nut dust. | 1999 | 10452779 | |
| [hallervorden-spatz syndrome. differential diagnosis of early onset dementia]. | we report the history of a 38 year old patient who began to develop mental deterioration at the age of 26. after a time of 7 years neurological signs like writing dystonia occurred. hallervorden-spatz-disease (hsd) was diagnosed at the age of 36 in vivo with the clinical presentation of severe dystonia, rigidity, dementia, and typical signal loss in the globus-pallidus the reticular part of the substantia nigra, and the nucleus ruber in the t-2 weighted mri. the "eye-of-the-tiger"-sign, a bilate ... | 1999 | 10407844 |
| effects of genetic structure of lupinus arboreus and previous herbivory on platyprepia virginalis caterpillars. | two leaf-feeding caterpillars, western tussock moth (orgyia vetusta) and ranchman's tiger moth (platyprepia virginalis) are abundant on lupinus arboreus along the california coast. previous experiments and observations suggested that feeding caused by either of these two folivores could reduce the performance and possibly the abundance and distribution of the other species. previous common garden experiments also indicated that genetically determined characteristics of the host plants were impor ... | 1999 | 28308088 |
| health and the celtic tiger: progress of health promotion in modern ireland. | 1999 | 10387495 | |
| retinal ganglion cell dysfunction induced by hypoxia and glutamate: potential neuroprotective effects of beta-blockers. | the objective of this study was to examine the effects of hypoxia, glutamate, and beta-blockers on the electrical activities of retinal ganglion cells. single-unit extracellular and whole-cell voltage clamp recording techniques were used to record electrical activities from ganglion cells in the tiger salamander retina. this was performed under physiologic conditions, hypoxia, or elevated exogenous or endogenous glutamate levels. light-evoked spike activities, glutamate-induced currents, and vol ... | 1999 | 10416759 |