| life cycle of sarcocystis neurona in its natural intermediate host, the raccoon, procyon lotor. | sarcocystis neurona causes encephalomyelitis in many species of mammals and is the most important cause of neurologic disease in the horse. its complete life cycle is unknown, particularly its development and localization in the intermediate host. recently, the raccoon (procyon lotor) was recognized as a natural intermediate host of s. neurona. in the present study, migration and development of s. neurona was studied in 10 raccoons that were fed s. neurona sporocysts from experimentally infected ... | 2002 | 12537110 |
| biological and molecular characterization of a raccoon isolate of trypanosoma cruzi from south carolina. | biological and molecular characteristics of a raccoon isolate of trypanosoma cruzi (r36) were compared with those of a known virulent strain (brazil). included in the characterization were growth rate in liver infusion tryptose medium, infectivity for murine fibroblasts, intracellular amastigote replication and trypomastigote release rates, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) profiling of the mini-exon gene, isoenzyme and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles, and in vivo virulence for c3 ... | 2002 | 12537130 |
| recombinant raccoon pox vaccine protects mice against lethal plague. | using a raccoon poxvirus (rcn) expression system, we have developed new recombinant vaccines that can protect mice against lethal plague infection. we tested the effects of a translation enhancer (emcv-ires) in combination with a secretory (tpa) signal or secretory (tpa) and membrane anchoring (chv-gg) signals on in vitro antigen expression of f1 antigen in tissue culture and the induction of antibody responses and protection against yersinia pestis challenge in mice. the rcn vector successfully ... | 2003 | 12559803 |
| g/q-banded chromosome nomenclature of the chinese raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides gray. | | 2002 | 12564636 |
| application of dual colour fish for localisation of canine microsatellite markers in the chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) genome. | the present study shows new chromosomal localisation of four canine cosmid clones in the chinese raccoon dog genome by using dual colour fish. this approach facilitates rapid physical localisation of markers and will improve the determination of their order on chromosomes. the present new assignments increase the number of physically mapped markers in the chinese raccoon dog to 25. | 2003 | 12590183 |
| host associations and seasonal occurrence of haemaphysalis leporispalustris, ixodes brunneus, i. cookei, i. dentatus, and i. texanus (acari: ixodidae) in southeastern missouri. | hemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard), ixodes brunneus koch, ixodes cookei packard, ixodes dentatus marx, and ixodes texanus banks were collected during a 3-yr study of pathogen-tick-host interactions in southeastern missouri. h. leporispalustris was collected from the eastern cottontail rabbit, northern bobwhite, and carolina wren, and it was active all year. i. brunneus was collected by drag and from passerine birds during december, march, and april. i. cookei was collected from raccoons and ... | 2003 | 12597662 |
| epidemiological situation of rabies in lithuania from 1990 to 2000. | the epidemiological situation of rabies was investigated in lithuania. over the last decade, 2277 cases of rabies were registered among wild and domestic animals (mean number of cases per districts was 44). the highest distribution of rabies was found in the districts of lazdijai and utena (116 and 81 cases, respectively), and the lowest in the svencioniai and zarasai districts (one and eight cases, respectively). it was found that rabies among wildlife comprised 54% with the majority of cases b ... | 2003 | 12636997 |
| rabies epizootics among raccoons vary along a north-south gradient in the eastern united states. | the characteristics of rabies epizootics among raccoons were investigated in 11 eastern states along a north-south gradient from new york to north carolina. epizootics were defined as discrete intervals of time of at least 5 months in duration, when reported cases of raccoon rabies from an individual county exceeded the median value of raccoon rabies cases reported by that county over the entire period rabies was present among raccoons in the county. over the approximately 20-year study period, ... | 2001 | 12653126 |
| risk factors for human exposure to raccoon rabies during an epizootic in connecticut. | the emergence of rabies among terrestrial wildlife poses increasing but poorly defined risks to people. in particular, events leading to human exposure to rabies virus via mammalian reservoirs remain elusive. thus, we determined those risk factors associated with human exposure to rabies-positive animals during a raccoon rabies epizootic in connecticut. existing passive surveillance data on animal rabies tests in connecticut from 1991 through 1994 were evaluated for demographic, ecological, and ... | 2001 | 12653149 |
| baylisascaris procyonis (nematoda: ascaridae) in raccoons (procyon lotor) in orange county, california. | baylisascaris procyonis is one of the common nematodes of the raccoon (procyon lotor), being well recognized as a cause of visceral, ocular, and neural larval migrans in many species of wild and domestic birds and mammals, including humana. between january 15 and december 31, 2000 in orange county, ca, 640 raccoons (p. lotor) were live-trapped in four spatial distributions zones, and b. procyonis egg shedding prevalence and fecal egg per gram (epg) counts were determined in relation to spatial d ... | 2001 | 12653152 |
| diffuse retinochoroiditis due to baylisascaris procyonis in monglian gerbils. | baylisascaris procyonis, raccoon roundworm, causes a severe retinal lesion in humans. the lesion is termed as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn). to understand the pathogenesis of b. procyonis in gerbils, we inoculated 17 embryonated eggs/g body weight of b. procyonis into 15 male mongolian gerbils, merionis ungiculatus, and monitored their fundi with an ophthalmoscope. six of 15 gerbils (40%) showed severe retinitis with a sinuous track due to larval movement. the lesions extende ... | 2003 | 12659323 |
| growth pattern and seasonal weight changes of the feral raccoon (procyon lotor) in hokkaido, japan. | the growth pattern and seasonal weight fluctuations of feral raccoons in hokkaido were evaluated between 1999 and 2001. the growth rates inbody length and body weight were described for juveniles (young of the year) and yearlings (animals born in the previous season) using the gompertz growth model. the asymptotic body sizes for males were greater than those for females. young raccoons born during spring in the study area could potentially grow up to their asymptotic size at the beginning of the ... | 2003 | 12675552 |
| reproductive characteristics of the feral raccoon (procyon lotor) in hokkaido, japan. | reproduction of feral raccoons (procyon lotor) in hokkaido, japan, was examined during a 2-year period by analysis of placental scars or fetuses in the uterus. of 242 collected females, 69 (29%) were juveniles, 71 (29%) yearlings, and 102 (42%) adults. the pregnancy rate averaged 66% in yearlings and was significantly lower than the 96% average observed in adults (p<0.01). litter size ranged from 1 to 7 offspring per female, and averaged 3.6 in yearlings and 3.9 in adults. there was no significa ... | 2003 | 12679568 |
| canine-derived cosmid probes containing microsatellites can be used in physical mapping of arctic fox (alopex lagopus) and chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) genomes. | rapid development of the canine marker genome map facilitates genome mapping of other canidae species. in this study we present chromosomal localization of 18 canine-derived cosmid probes containing microsatellites in the arctic fox (alopex lagopus) and chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) genomes by the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). the chromosome localizations in the arctic fox are in general agreement with data obtained from comparative genome maps o ... | 2003 | 12692168 |
| epidemiological aspects of the first outbreak of baylisascaris procyonis larva migrans in rabbits in japan. | larva migrans caused by the common raccoon ascarid, baylisascaris procyonis, is a zoonotic disease of critical importance in north america. recently we encountered the first proven outbreak of this disease in japan in domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) in a small wildlife park. in this park, raccoons (procyon lotor) had been kept for 9 years, and one raccoon was donated to the park by a pet owner 8 weeks prior to the occurrence of an outbreak in rabbits. of 12 total raccoons, three raccoon ... | 2003 | 12736426 |
| comparison of the reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals and peromyscus leucopus for anaplasma phagocytophilum in connecticut. | in the northeastern united states, anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), is transmitted by the tick vector ixodes scapularis. the white-footed mouse peromyscus leucopus is a competent reservoir for this agent, but the reservoir competence of non-peromyscus hosts of i. scapularis has not been studied. here, we report data confirming reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals for a. phagocytophilum. raccoons, virginia opossums, gray squirrels, and striped ... | 2002 | 12737542 |
| q fever in humans and animals in the united states. | coxiella burnetii, the etiologic agent of q fever, is a worldwide zoonotic pathogen. although q fever is present in the united states, little is known about its current incidence or geographic distribution in either humans or animals. published reports of national disease surveillance, individual cases, outbreak investigations, and serologic surveys were reviewed to better characterize q fever epidemiology in the united states. in national disease surveillance reports for 1948-1986, 1,396 human ... | 2002 | 12737547 |
| moellerella wisconsensis isolated from the oral cavity of a wild raccoon (procyon lotor). | this report describes the isolation of moellerella wisconsensis from the oral secretions of a wild raccoon in northern california. human enteric disease has previously been associated with this organism. this represents the first isolation of this rare enterobacterial species from a non-captive animal and only the third from a non-human source. | 2002 | 12737549 |
| leptospira infection in two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli). | two black rhinoceroses (diceros bicornis michaeli) developed clinical leptospirosis without hemolytic crises. the first rhinoceros presented with peracute depression, anorexia, rear leg trembling, dysuria, glucosuria, gastrointestinal discomfort, and decreased fecal output and died within 12 hr. necropsy and histopathology revealed lesions within multiple organs. leptospirosis was diagnosed postmortem based on positive fluorescent antibody staining of liver. the second rhinoceros presented 2 mo ... | 2001 | 12785703 |
| eye findings of diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis and multiple choroidal infiltrates associated with neural larva migrans due to bbaylisascaris procyonis. | to report childhood infection with baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon round worm) manifesting as diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn) and choroidal infiltrates in association with neurologic disease (neural larva migrans). | 2003 | 12788132 |
| effects of phytosterols on the endocrinology and metabolism of the female raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | phytosterols (ps) are the analogues of animal cholesterol in various plants. beta-sitosterol is a ps used in margarines and natural remedies to lower elevated serum cholesterol levels. ps enter the ecosystem via pulp mill effluents. the study investigated the endocrine and metabolic effects of ps on the female raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), a canid omnivore. eight female animals were exposed perorally to 8 mg ps/kg/d for 4 wk with 8 animals in the control group. in the ps-treated female ... | 2003 | 12857636 |
| neuropathological observation of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) affected with raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis) larva migrans in japan. | larvae of the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis (b. procyonis) are a known cause of cerebrospinal larva migrans in animals and humans. the present paper described details of the central nervous lesion in the rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) affected with b. procyonis larva migrans in japan. clinically affected animals showed neurological signs including circling, torticollis, tremor of head, or ataxic gait. the most characteristic pathological alterations were large malacic lesions assoc ... | 2003 | 12867729 |
| raccoon roundworm (baylisascaris procyonis). | | 2003 | 12867843 |
| cross-reactive antigenicity of nucleoproteins of lyssaviruses recognized by a monospecific antirabies virus nucleoprotein antiserum on paraffin sections of formalin-fixed tissues. | diagnosis of rabies is routinely confirmed by detection of rabies virus antigens in acetone-fixed frozen brain tissues or imprint smears using an immunofluorescence method with commercial antirabies virus antibodies. since recent molecular analyses disclosed wide heterogeneity in the genome sequences of rabies virus strains and related lyssaviruses, it is necessary to confirm the presence of common epitopes in these lyssaviruses. in this study we confirmed the presence of cross-reactive antigens ... | 2003 | 12895231 |
| molecular characterization of microsporidia indicates that wild mammals harbor host-adapted enterocytozoon spp. as well as human-pathogenic enterocytozoon bieneusi. | over 13 months, 465 beavers, foxes, muskrats, otters, and raccoons were trapped in four counties in eastern maryland and examined by molecular methods for microsporidia. a two-step nested pcr protocol was developed to amplify a 392-bp fragment of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rrna gene of enterocytozoon spp., with the use of primers complementary to the conserved regions of published nucleotide sequences. fifty-nine pcr-positive samples were sequenced. multiple alignments of thes ... | 2003 | 12902234 |
| rabies among infrequently reported mammalian carnivores in the united states, 1960-2000. | most cases of rabies reported annually in the united states occur among three groups of carnivores--raccoons (procyon lotor), skunks (mephitis, spilogale, and putorius), foxes (vulpes, urocyon, and alopex)--and among bats (numerous species). however, between 1960 and 2000, a total of 2,851 cases of rabies in 17 other carnivore taxa were reported to the centers for disease control and prevention, atlanta, georgia (usa), from 49 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico. three species of t ... | 2003 | 12910751 |
| experimental inoculation of scrapie and chronic wasting disease agents in raccoons (procyon lotor). | | 2003 | 12918830 |
| use of discriminatory probes for strain typing of formalin-fixed, rabies virus-infected tissues by in situ hybridization. | an in situ hybridization (ish) method has been developed to overcome difficulties encountered in the viral typing of formalin-fixed rabies virus-infected brain tissue. rabies viruses representative of all strains normally encountered in diagnostic submissions throughout canada, including 3 strains of terrestrial hosts (arctic fox, western skunk, mid-atlantic raccoon), 10 strains circulating in several bat reservoirs (bbcan1 to bbcan7, lacan, shcan, and mycan), and the evelyn-rokitniki-abelseth ( ... | 2003 | 12958267 |
| isolation and characterization of viruses related to the sars coronavirus from animals in southern china. | a novel coronavirus (scov) is the etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). scov-like viruses were isolated from himalayan palm civets found in a live-animal market in guangdong, china. evidence of virus infection was also detected in other animals (including a raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides) and in humans working at the same market. all the animal isolates retain a 29-nucleotide sequence that is not found in most human isolates. the detection of scov-like viruses in ... | 2003 | 12958366 |
| pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in raccoons (procyon lotor) from oregon. | | 1999 | 12968748 |
| seasonal reproductive endocrine profile of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides)-effects of melatonin and food deprivation. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides, canidae, carnivora) is a middle-sized omnivore with excessive autumnal fattening and winter sleep. we studied adaptations of the species to boreal climate and photoperiod by following the plasma reproductive and thyroid hormone concentrations of farm-bred raccoon dogs (n=32) for 12 months. on august 16, 2000, and february 8, 2001, half of the raccoon dogs received continuous-release melatonin implants (the mel group). the other half was sham-operated (t ... | 2003 | 12975806 |
| the raccoon, procyon lotor, a natural host of leptospira autumnalis. | | 1958 | 13559207 |
| experimental infection of certain farm mammals with a north american strain of trypanosoma cruzi from the raccoon. | | 1958 | 13562102 |
| the isolation and identification of trypanosoma cruzi from raccoons in maryland. | | 1958 | 13595203 |
| the delayed field drive in the raccoon and cat. | | 1961 | 13689937 |
| natural occurrence of leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in the eastern grey fox and the eastern raccoon. | | 1961 | 13879710 |
| life history of heterobilharzia americana price 1929, a schistosome of the raccoon and other mammals in southeastern united states. | | 1962 | 13929078 |
| occurrence of enterococci in animals in a wild environment. | enterococci were obtained from the feces of 71% of 216 mammals, 86% of 70 reptiles, and 32% of 22 birds sampled in a truly wild environment, the great smoky mountains national park. patterns of food dependence and also of species dependence were observed. among the lower classes of the primarily herbivorous mammals, the enterococci occurred sporadically; however, of the six species of sciuridae, the gray squirrel, and of four species of cricetidae, the red-backed mouse, the enterococci appear to ... | 1963 | 13936610 |
| reversal learning by horse and raccoon. | | 1962 | 14005044 |
| brugia beaveri sp. n. (nematoda: filarioidea) from the raccoon (procyon lotor) in louisiana. | | 1964 | 14125153 |
| helminth parasites of the raccoon, procyon lotor in the southeastern united states. | | 1964 | 14125169 |
| somatic sensory representation of forelimb in dorsal root fibers of raccoon, coatimundi, and cat. | | 1965 | 14283060 |
| the life history of ascocotyle pachycystis sp. n., a trematode (digenea: heterophyidae) from the raccoon in south florida. | | 1965 | 14339373 |
| studies on helminths of north carolina vertebrates. ii. ascocotyle ampullacea sp. n. (trematoda: heterophyidae) from raccoon. | | 1962 | 14474002 |
| rabies in wildlife in latvia. | in the baltic states, lyssaviruses are often detected in wildlife and presumed to constitute an important public health hazard. in order to decrease rabies incidence and eradicate wildlife reservoirs, a national rabies eradication program has been in place. since 1970 a vaccination program in dogs and cats has been executed, and in 1991 oral vaccination of foxes was started. however, due to an insufficient budget, the latter was not done regularly and nationwide before 2000. now, the program in ... | 2003 | 14511581 |
| application of phylogeny reconstruction and character-evolution analysis to inferring patterns of directional microbial transmission. | i used phylogenetic analyses to reconstruct patterns of directional interspecific transmission during a pseudorabies virus outbreak in illinois, usa, in 1989. isolates were recovered from five species: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, and raccoons (procyon lotor). i generated dna sequences for 16 isolates of pseudorabies virus at the glycoprotein c gene, from which i constructed phylogenetic trees. i then used these trees, in combination with parsimony-based analyses of character evolution, to infer ... | 2003 | 14516717 |
| skunk and raccoon rabies in the eastern united states: temporal and spatial analysis. | since 1981, an epizootic of raccoon rabies has spread throughout the eastern united states. a concomitant increase in reported rabies cases in skunks has raised concerns that an independent maintenance cycle of rabies virus in skunks could become established, affecting current strategies of wildlife rabies control programs. rabies surveillance data from 1981 through 2000 obtained from the health departments of 11 eastern states were used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of rabies ... | 2003 | 14519253 |
| physiological adaptations of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) to seasonal fasting-fat and nitrogen metabolism and influence of continuous melatonin treatment. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is a middle-sized canid with profound autumnal fattening followed by winter sleep. this study investigated the effects of prolonged fasting-induced winter sleep on the fat and nitrogen metabolism of the species. half of the animals were treated with continuous-release melatonin implants to induce artificial short photoperiod. autumnal accumulation of fat was characterized by low plasma free fatty acid (ffa), diacylglycerol (dg), and triacylglycerol (tg) ... | 2004 | 14520494 |
| detection of echinococcus multilocularis antigens in faeces by elisa. | faecal samples deriving from 391 animals belonging to nine species (polecats, badgers, martens, weasels, rats, dogs, cats, red foxes, raccoon-dogs) were examined by capture elisa for the presence of the echinococcus multilocularis coproantigen. the main claim of our studies is the reliable detection of e. multilocularis coproantigens, mainly in the faeces of foxes, dogs and cats. for the first time in coproantigen detection we used a "double-sandwich" elisa. the main advantage of this method is ... | 2003 | 14530971 |
| [a case of gastric ulcer induced by helicobacter heilmannii-like organism]. | recently, there was growing interest in a gastric spiral-shaped bacterium morphologically deviating from helicobacter pylori (h. pylori), which was classified as helicobacter heilmannii (h. heilmannii). it rarely inhabits human species whereas the observation of structurally comparable bacteria in other mammals, including cats and dogs, is a commonplace. therefore, it is now generally recognized that h. heilmannii is an animal helicobacter, which is occasionally transmitted to man. h. heilmannii ... | 2003 | 14532733 |
| prevalence of igg antibody to sars-associated coronavirus in animal traders--guangdong province, china, 2003. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was identified in 2003 as an infectious disease caused by the sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), a member of the coronavirus family not observed previously in humans. because its sequence data differ from that of known human coronaviruses, sars-cov is suspected to have crossed the species barrier between an animal host and humans. the sars outbreak began in china's guangdong province, where approximately 1,500 probable cases were identified during no ... | 2003 | 14561956 |
| organ scaling in the raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides gray 1834, as monitored by influences of internal and external factors. | 1. animals fed a high energy ration had bigger body weight, and bigger heart, brain and genitals then animals fed a normal diet, but they had substantially smaller liver, kidneys, adrenals and thyroid glands than the otherwise smaller animals. restricted feeding did not necessarily produce smaller organ sizes than normal. 2. the yearly variation in organ sizes was astonishingly large whereas the sex differences were rather rare. 3. for organs like liver, kidneys and thyroid glands the conclusion ... | 1985 | 14577411 |
| isolation of streptococcus canis from a japanese raccoon dog with fibrinous pleuropneumonia. | | 2003 | 14584580 |
| seasonal changes in spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis in wild male raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procynoides). | testes of 15 wild adult male raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procynoides) obtained from september 2000 to april 2001 were studied to clarify seasonal changes in spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis. there were marked seasonal variations in the testis weight and size with values relatively low in september and highest in march. spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were observed in september, while spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids were present in january, and all types of s ... | 2003 | 14600346 |
| first human death associated with raccoon rabies--virginia, 2003. | rabies is an acute, progressive, incurable viral encephalitis, caused by the bite of an infected animal. in march 2003, a previously healthy man aged 25 years from northern virginia died from a diagnosed illness of meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology after a 3-week illness. histopathologic review of central nervous system tissues at cdc revealed viral inclusions suggestive of negri bodies, and subsequent tests confirmed a diagnosis of rabies. genetic sequencing identified a rabies virus vari ... | 2003 | 14614408 |
| [blood feeding sources and peridomiciliation of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva, 1912) (psychodidae, phlebotominae)]. | a precipitin test was employed to study the alimentary tract content of lutzomyia longipalpis in the intra- and peridomiciliary environments in the municipality of raposa, maranh o state, a transmission area for visceral leishmaniasis or kala azar. out of 2,240 female sandflies captured, 547 (24.4%) had fed on vertebrate blood, with the following proportions: avian (87.9%); rodent (47.2%); human (42.4%); canine (27.6%); opossum (26.6%); and equine (22.5%). based on a survey of 120 human dwelling ... | 2003 | 14666218 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2002. | during 2002, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,967 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the centers for disease control and prevention, an increase of 7.2% from the 7,436 cases in non-human animals and 1 case in a human being reported in 2001. more than 92% (7,375 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 7.4% (592) were in domestic species (compared with 93.3% in wild animals and 6.7% in domestic species in 2001). compared with cases reported in 2001, the numbers of ... | 2003 | 14690203 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in dogs and raccoon dogs in korea. | neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle, and dogs are its only known definitive host. its seroprevalence among domestic urban and rural dogs and feral raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) in korea was studied by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and by the neospora agglutination test (nat), respectively. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 8.3% of urban dogs and in 21.6% of dogs at dairy farms. antibody titers ranged from 1:50 to 1:400. antibodies to ... | 2003 | 14699266 |
| comparative chromosome painting defines the karyotypic relationships among the domestic dog, chinese raccoon dog and japanese raccoon dog. | the chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, 2n = 54 + 2-3 b) and japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes p. viverrinus, 2n = 38 + 3-4 b) are two subspecies of the same species. the genome-wide comparative chromosome map between the japanese raccoon dog and domestic dog (canis familiaris) has been established by fluorescence in-situ hybridization with a set of domestic dog painting probes. in this study, we established the comparative chromosome map for the chinese raccoon dog and d ... | 2003 | 14712859 |
| failure to detect prion protein (prpres) by immunohistochemistry in striated muscle tissues of animals experimentally inoculated with agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. | transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) are fatal neurologic diseases. infection by the causative agent, a prion, induces accumulations of an abnormal form of prion protein (prp(res)) in tissues of nervous and lymphoid systems. presence of characteristic histopathologic changes (spongiform encephalopathy) and detection of protease-resistant prp(res) in neural and lymphoid tissues are the basis of currently available methods for diagnosis of tses. in this study, samples of striated muscl ... | 2004 | 14715973 |
| raccoon roundworm eggs near homes and risk for larva migrans disease, california communities. | the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of serious or fatal larva migrans disease in humans and animals. we assessed the potential for infection in three northern california communities by determining the density and distribution of raccoon latrines, where transmission primarily occurs, and the prevalence of eggs at private residences. we collected fecal samples from 215 latrines and found that 44%-53% of the latrines contained b. procyonis eggs and ... | 2003 | 14720389 |
| baylisascaris procyonis in the metropolitan atlanta area. | baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm responsible for fatal larva migrans in humans, has long been thought to be absent from many regions in the southeastern united states. during spring 2002, 11 (22%) of 50 raccoons trapped in dekalb county, georgia, had b. procyonis infection. the increasing number of cases highlight this emerging zoonotic infection. | 2003 | 14720412 |
| environmental and human demographic features associated with epizootic raccoon rabies in maryland, pennsylvania, and virginia. | we assessed land use and demographic data as predictors discriminating between counties experiencing large or small first epizootics of rabies among raccoons (procyon lotor). monthly county reports of raccoons testing positive for rabies were obtained from rabies surveillance databases from maryland, pennsylvania, and virginia (usa). environmental and demographic data for the three states were obtained from public sources. on the basis of total reports of raccoon rabies during the first defined ... | 2003 | 14733282 |
| a serosurvey of leptospirosis in connecticut peridomestic wildlife. | recently, leptospirosis has gained attention as a re-emerging infection in domestic dogs in the northeastern united states. in order to gain insight into the epizootiology of leptospirosis in this region, 109 small wild mammals (31 raccoons (procyon lotor), 30 skunks (mephitis mephitis), 28 opossums (didelphis virginiana), and 20 gray squirrels (sciurus carolinensis)) collected between february 27 and september 17, 2001 were tested for serologic evidence of exposure to five common leptospira ser ... | 2003 | 14733671 |
| clinical evaluation of rabies virus meningoencephalomyelitis in a dog. | a 6-month-old, female, mixed-breed dog presented for acute, progressive, flaccid paraplegia and bilateral pelvic-limb hyperesthesia. a lymphocytic pleocytosis with 366 mg/dl protein was found on cerebral spinal fluid (csf) evaluation. electromyography (emg) demonstrated positive sharp waves and fibrillations in the left pelvic limb; the m wave of the left sciatic nerve was not obtainable by nerve stimulation. seizures and dementia began during recovery from anesthesia. six days after onset of pa ... | 2003 | 14736720 |
| wet markets--a continuing source of severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza? | context: live-animal markets (wet markets) provide a source of vertebrate and invertebrate animals for customers in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. wet markets sell live poultry, fish, reptiles, and mammals of every kind. live-poultry markets (mostly chicken, pigeon, quail, ducks, geese, and a wide range of exotic wild-caught and farm-raised fowl) are usually separated from markets selling fish or red-meat animals, but the stalls can be near each other with no physical separation. ... | 2004 | 14738798 |
| comparative chromosomal localization of the canine-derived bac clones containing lep and igf1 genes in four species of the family canidae. | in the present report we show the chromosomal localization of two bac clones, carrying the leptin (lep) and insuline-like growth factor 1 (igf1) genes, respectively, in four species belonging to the family canidae: the dog, red fox, arctic fox and the chinese raccoon dog. the assignments are in agreement with earlier data obtained from comparative chromosome painting for the dog, red fox and arctic fox. | 2003 | 14970714 |
| development of a cytogenetic map for the chinese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) and the arctic fox (alopex lagopus) genomes, using canine-derived microsatellite probes. | new chromosomal assignments of canine-derived cosmid clones containing microsatellites to the chinese raccoon dog and arctic fox genomes are presented in the study. the localizations are in agreement with data obtained from comparative chromosome painting experiments between the dog and arctic fox genomes. however, paracentric inversions have been detected by comparing the loci order in canid karyotypes. the number of physically mapped loci increased to thirty-five both in the chinese raccoon do ... | 2003 | 14970715 |
| transmission of transmissible mink encephalopathy to raccoons (procyon lotor) by intracerebral inoculation. | to determine the transmissibility of transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme) agent to raccoons and to provide information about clinical course, lesions, and suitability of currently used diagnostic procedures for detection of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) in raccoons, 4 raccoon kits were inoculated intracerebrally with a brain suspension from mink experimentally infected with tme. one uninoculated raccoon kit served as a control. all 4 animals in the tme-inoculated group show ... | 2004 | 14974848 |
| continuous melatonin treatment and fasting in the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides)--vernal body weight regulation and reproduction. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid omnivore with marked seasonal changes in its body adiposity. the aim of this study was to investigate the roles of melatonin, leptin, ghrelin and growth hormone (gh) in weight regulation and reproduction of the species. sixteen raccoon dogs were treated with continuous-release melatonin implants in aug 2000 and in feb 2001 (the mel group) and 16 animals were sham-operated (the sham group). half of the raccoon dogs were fasted between nov 27(t ... | 2004 | 14993828 |
| molecular and biologic characteristics of toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in the united states. | toxoplasma gondii isolates can be grouped into 3 genetic lineages. type i isolates are considered more virulent in outbred mice and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis, whereas types ii and iii isolates are considered less virulent for mice and are found in humans and food animals. little is known of genotypes of t. gondii isolates from wild animals. in the present report, genotypes of isolates of t. gondii from wildlife in the united states are described. ... | 2004 | 15040668 |
| first record of cryptosporidium infection in a raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). | cryptosporidium species have been found in more than 150 species of mammals, but there has been no report in raccoon dogs. here we found the cryptosporidium organism in a raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus, and identified this isolate using pcr-based diagnostic methods. cryptosporidium diagnostic fragments of the 18s ribosomal rna, cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein and 70-kda heat shock protein genes were amplified from the isolate and sequenced to reveal the phylogenetic relatio ... | 2004 | 15041092 |
| occurrence of the gulf coast tick (acari: ixodidae) on wild and domestic mammals in north-central oklahoma. | parasitic life stages of amblyomma maculatum koch were collected from domestic cattle and several species of wild mammals during a 3.5-yr study (may 1998-october 2001) in north-central oklahoma. adult ticks were the predominant life stage collected from cattle, white-tailed deer, coyotes, and raccoons, whereas only immature ticks were collected from cotton rats and white-footed mice. the prevalence of adult a. maculatum on white-tailed deer (n = 15) examined in june, july, and august 1998 was 80 ... | 2004 | 15061275 |
| effective primary isolation of wild-type canine distemper virus in mdck, mv1 lu and vero cells without nucleotide sequence changes within the entire haemagglutinin protein gene and in subgenomic sections of the fusion and phospho protein genes. | canine distemper virus (cdv) is an important pathogen of many carnivores. we are developing a field-based model of morbillivirus virulence and pathogenesis through a study of distemper in naturally infected free-ranging raccoons. the isolation of cdv from raccoon tissues is essential for this work. cdv has often been isolated from animals only after co-cultivation of infected tissues with peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from specific pathogen-free dogs or similar methods. we explored ... | 2004 | 15081610 |
| butyltin residues in livers of humans and wild terrestrial mammals and in plastic products. | butyltin compounds (bts) including mono-(mbt), di-(dbt) and tributyltin (tbt) were determined in livers of humans and wild terrestrial mammals, such as raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoids) and monkeys (macaca fuscata) from japan. in addition, 22 samples of plastic products were analyzed. bt residues were detected in all the liver samples of humans and raccoon dogs, with concentrations of <360 ng/g wet wt, whereas concentrations in the liver of monkeys were either less than the detection limit ... | 1999 | 15093048 |
| seasonal physiology of the wild raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid omnivore with autumnal fattening and winter sleep. farmraised raccoon dogs have elevated plasma leptin and growth hormone levels in the winter and depressed plasma cortisol and insulin concentrations during wintertime food deprivation. however, these parameters were not previously tested in the wild population. in the present study 37 wild raccoon dogs were sampled at different seasons and diverse biochemical variables were determined. the re ... | 2004 | 15118225 |
| the dog genome map and its use in mammalian comparative genomics. | the dog genome organization was extensively studied in the last ten years. the most important achievements are the well-developed marker genome maps, including over 3200 marker loci, and a survey of the dna genome sequence. this knowledge, along with the most advanced map of the human genome, turned out to be very useful in comparative genomic studies. on the one hand, it has promoted the development of marker genome maps of other species of the family canidae (red fox, arctic fox, chinese racco ... | 2004 | 15131351 |
| proliferation of protease-enriched mast cells in sarcoptic skin lesions of raccoon dogs. | skin sites, tongue, lung, liver, jejunum and rectum from two raccoon dogs with sarcoptes scabiei infestation and five normal (control) raccoon dogs were examined in terms of the distribution, proteoglycan properties and protease activity of mast cells. infestation with s. scabiei caused a significant increase in the number of dermal mast cells. while the number of mast cells (average +/- standard deviation) in specimens of skin from the dorsum, dorsal neck, dorsal hind foot and dorsal fore foot ... | 2004 | 15144797 |
| temporal dynamics of rabies in a wildlife host and the risk of cross-species transmission. | an epidemiological model was developed for rabies, linking the risk of disease in a secondary species (cats) to the temporal dynamics of disease in a wildlife reservoir (raccoons). data were obtained from cats, raccoons, and skunks tested for rabies in the northeastern united states during 1992-2000. an epizootic algorithm defined a time-series of successive intervals of epizootic and inter-epizootic raccoon rabies. the odds of diagnosing a rabid cat during the first epizootic of raccoon rabies ... | 2004 | 15188720 |
| observation of helicobacter-like organisms in gastric mucosa of grey foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) and bobcats (lynx rufus). | archival specimens of gastric mucosa of 10 raccoons (procyon lotor), 9 porcupines (erethizon dorsatum), 6 grey foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), 6 bobcats (lynx rufus), 4 skunks (mephitis mephitis), and 3 black bears (ursus americanus) were microscopically examined for evidence of helicobacter-like organisms. such organisms were seen in the specimens from the grey foxes and bobcats only. histochemical stains (modified steiner and carbol fuchsin methods) revealed long spiral organisms within lumi ... | 2004 | 15188962 |
| raccoon poxvirus as a mucosal vaccine vector for domestic cats. | in the present study, we evaluated both the immunogenicity and safety of recombinant raccoon poxvirus (rcn) as a mucosal vaccine vector for domestic cats. rcn is an orthopoxvirus that was isolated from healthy raccoons and has been used experimentally as a vaccine vector for rabies and other antigens in a variety of species, including raccoons, skunks, foxes, bobcats, rabbits, domestic cats, piglets, sheep and non-human primates. we evaluated the antibody response induced by a recombinant rcn va ... | 2003 | 15203914 |
| the absence of anti-rabies antibody in the sera of feral raccoons (procyon lotor) captured in hokkaido, japan. | feral raccoons captured in hokkaido, japan were examined for the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (vna). between 2000 to 2002, 741 serum samples were collected and then subjected to vna titer determination by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (rffit). sera showing rffit titers of > or =1:25 have been considered as positive according to previous reports. vna was detected in none of serum samples from the feral raccoons. the present study provides valuable background informatio ... | 2004 | 15218220 |
| limited infection upon human exposure to a recombinant raccoon pox vaccine vector. | a laboratory accident resulted in human exposure to a recombinant raccoon poxvirus (rcn) developed as a vaccine vector for antigens of yersinia pestis for protection of wild rodents (and other animals) against plague. within 9 days, the patient developed a small blister that healed within 4 weeks. raccoon poxvirus was cultured from the lesion, and the patient developed antibody to plague antigen (f1) and rcn. this is the first documented case of human exposure to rcn. | 2004 | 15246608 |
| sarcocystis neurona (protozoa: apicomplexa): description of oocysts, sporocysts, sporozoites, excystation, and early development. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a major cause of neurological disease in horses from the americas. horses are considered accidental intermediate hosts. the structure of sporocysts of the causative agent, sarcocystis neurona, has never been described. sporocysts of s. neurona were obtained from the intestines of a laboratory-raised opossum fed skeletal muscles from a raccoon that had been fed sporocysts. sporocysts were 11.3 by 8.2 microm and contained 4 sporozoites. the appearance of the s ... | 2004 | 15272465 |
| protection of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) against plague after voluntary consumption of baits containing recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine. | prairie dogs (cynomys spp.) are highly susceptible to yersinia pestis and significant reservoirs of plague for humans in the western united states. a recombinant raccoon poxvirus, expressing the f1 antigen of y. pestis, was incorporated into a palatable bait and offered to 18 black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) for voluntary consumption; 18 negative control animals received placebo baits. antibody titers against y. pestis f1 antigen increased significantly (p < 0.01) in vaccinees, a ... | 2004 | 15322054 |
| larva migrans by baylisascaris transfuga: fatal neurological diseases in mongolian jirds, but not in mice. | raccoon roundworms (baylisascaris procyonis) and other baylisascaris species cause patent or latent larva migrans (lm) in a variety of mammals and birds, including humans. it is not clear whether lm by baylisascaris transfuga, roundworms of bears, is associated with clinical neurological disorders. to clarify this issue, icr and balb/c mice as well as mongolian jirds (meriones unguiculatus) were orally inoculated with 2,000-5,000 embryonated eggs of b. transfuga. in mice, the ascarid caused symp ... | 2004 | 15357068 |
| prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to sarcocystis neurona in raccoons (procyon lotor) from an urban area of virginia. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is the most important protozoan disease of horses in north america and is usually caused by sarcocystis neurona. natural and experimentally induced cases of encephalitis caused by s. neurona have been reported in raccoons (procyon lotor) and raccoons are an intermediate host for this parasite. a 3-yr-long serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to s. neurona in raccoons collected from fairfax county, virginia, a ... | 2004 | 15357091 |
| exposure time of oral rabies vaccine baits relative to baiting density and raccoon population density. | oral rabies vaccination (orv) baiting programs for control of raccoon (procyon lotor) rabies in the usa have been conducted or are in progress in eight states east of the mississippi river. however, data specific to the relationship between raccoon population density and the minimum density of baits necessary to significantly elevate rabies immunity are few. we used the 22-km2 us national aeronautics and space administration plum brook station (pbs) in erie county, ohio, usa, to evaluate the per ... | 2004 | 15362821 |
| sarcoptic mange in raccoons in michigan. | sarcoptic mange is a cause of pruritic skin disease in domestic dogs and a wide range of wildlife species. we describe sarcoptic mange in free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor). three adult raccoons from upper wayne county, michigan (usa), were captured, killed, and submitted for diagnostic evaluation. the animals were intensely pruritic, and two had advanced alopecic and crusting lesions over their dorsum and hind limbs. skin scrapings and skin biopsies revealed crusting and hyperkeratotic derma ... | 2004 | 15362840 |
| campylobacter jejuni and arcobacter species associated with intussusception in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | | 2004 | 15470973 |
| genetically distant american canine distemper virus lineages have recently caused epizootics with somewhat different characteristics in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the usa. | mortality rates have differed during distemper outbreaks among free-ranging raccoons (procyon lotor) living around a large chicago-area zoo, and appeared higher in year 2001 than in 1998 and 2000. we hypothesized that a more lethal variant of the local canine distemper virus (cdv) lineage had emerged in 2001, and sought the genetic basis that led to increased virulence. however, a more complex model surfaced during preliminary analyses of cdv genomic sequences in infected tissues and of virus is ... | 2004 | 15507154 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of two rabies viruses, takamen and komatsugawa strains isolated in japan in the 1940's]. | the entire coding region of the nucleoprotein (n) gene of takamen and komatsugawa strains of rabies virus isolated in japan in 1940's were determined. phylogenetic analysis was performed on 140 lyssaviruses (128 viruses of genotype 1 and 12 lyssaviruses of other genotypes) isolated in various parts of the world, including the two japanese rabies strains, based on the sequences of 1,350 nucleotides of the n gene. the rabies viruses were divided into 12 distinct clusters at least, reflecting geogr ... | 2004 | 15508715 |
| raccoon roundworm encephalitis. | the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, is increasingly recognized as a cause of zoonotic visceral, ocular, and neural larva migrans and, in particular, of devastating encephalitis in young children. exposure occurs mainly at raccoon latrines, where large numbers of infective eggs may be accidentally ingested. risk factors for infection include contact with raccoon latrines, pica/geophagia, age of <4 years, and male sex. the severity of central nervous system (cns) disease depends on the ... | 2004 | 15546085 |
| endocrine response to fasting in the overwintering captive raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is an omnivorous canid utilizing the passive wintering strategy in the boreal climate. farmed raccoon dogs (n=12) were randomly assigned into two study groups on 26 november 2003. between 3 december 2003 and 27 january 2004, half of the animals were fasted for 8 weeks and plasma weight-regulatory hormone concentrations determined on 26 november and 30 december 2003 and on 27 january 2004. the plasma peptide yy, ghrelin, and growth hormone (gh) concentra ... | 2004 | 15562452 |
| genotypes of cryptosporidium species infecting fur-bearing mammals differ from those of species infecting humans. | of 471 specimens examined from foxes, raccoons, muskrats, otters, and beavers living in wetlands adjacent to the chesapeake bay, 36 were positive for five types of cryptosporidium, including the c. canis dog and fox genotypes, cryptosporidium muskrat genotypes i and ii, and cryptosporidium skunk genotype. thus, fur-bearing mammals in watersheds excreted host-adapted cryptosporidium oocysts that are not known to be of significant public health importance. | 2004 | 15574965 |
| immunohistochemical localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testis of hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis). | the testes from 15 adult male hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were collected during the rutting season (october and november). we investigated the localization of 4 kinds of steroidogenic enzymes (p450scc, 3betahsd, p450c17 and p450arom) immunohistochemically in these testicular samples. the specific immunoreactivities to these enzymes were detected only in the cytoplasm of leydig cells. this differs to the enzyme distributions reported previously in japanese black bear, japanese ra ... | 2004 | 15585968 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2003. | during 2003, 49 states and puerto rico reported 7,170 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings to the cdc. this represents a 10% decrease from the 7,967 cases in nonhuman animals and 3 cases in human beings reported in 2002. more than 91 (n = 6,556) were in wild animals, and 8.6% (614) were in domestic species (compared with 92.5% in wild animals and 74% in domestic species in 2002). the relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: 2,635 raccoons ... | 2004 | 15643834 |
| molecular epidemiology of terrestrial rabies in the former soviet union. | fifty-five rabies virus isolates originating from different regions of the former soviet union (fsu) were compared with isolates originating from eurasia, africa, and north america according to complete or partial nucleoprotein (n) gene sequences. the fsu isolates formed five distinct groups. group a represented viruses originating from the arctic, which were similar to viruses from alaska and canada. group b consisted of "arctic-like" viruses, originating from the south of east siberia and the ... | 2004 | 15650080 |
| spatial dynamics and molecular ecology of north american rabies. | rabies, caused by a single-stranded rna virus, is arguably the most important viral zoonotic disease worldwide. although endemic throughout many regions for millennia, rabies is also undergoing epidemic expansion, often quite rapid, among wildlife populations across regions of europe and north america. a current rabies epizootic in north america is largely attributable to the accidental introduction of a particularly well-adapted virus variant into a naive raccoon population along the virginia/w ... | 2005 | 15677743 |
| a comparative histological study on the distribution of striated and smooth muscles and glands in the esophagus of wild birds and mammals. | musculature and glands of the esophagus in various wild birds and mammals were examined histologically. cervical and thoracic esophagi of all birds used (mallard, spot-billed duck, ural owl and hodgson's hawk-eagle) were comprised of smooth muscle fibers only. in contrast, esophagi of the nutria, japanese raccoon dog, common raccoon and japanese marten consisted largely of striated muscle fibers. in the masked palm civet, japanese macaque and bottlenose dolphin, esophageal muscle layers consiste ... | 2005 | 15699607 |