| raccoon forelimb motorsensory cortex: i. somatic afferent inputs to different cytoarchitectonic areas. | the distribution of potentials evoked in and around forelimb msi by graded electrical stimulation of forelimb nerves has been studied in the raccoon (procyon lotor). these data have been correlated with cytoarchitectonic characteristics of pericruciate cortical tissue. potentials evoked by cutaneous nerve stimulation were widely distributed in msi and smi, but were smaller in amplitude and of longer latency in msi than in smi. stimulation of ulnar, median or deep radial nerve at 1-1.4t, a streng ... | 1990 | 2372699 |
| raccoon forelimb motorsensory cortex: ii. somatosensory inputs to single neurons. | somatosensory input to 431 neurons in msi has been studied in unanesthetized, paralyzed raccoons (procyon lotor). the type of sensory input to neurons in lateral sigmoid gyrus (cytoarchitectonic area 4) and in posterior sigmoid gyrus (areas 4 and 3a) was not significantly different. of these neurons, 36% were activated by superficial cutaneous stimulation (touch, tap or hair deflection) and 26% by deep stimulation (pressure or joint movement). mute neurons (not driven by any form of peripheral s ... | 1990 | 2372700 |
| new locality record for heterobilharzia americana. | thirty raccoons (procyon lotor) from three counties in east-central and southeast kansas (usa) were examined for schistosomiasis. eleven (37%) of the raccoons had adult schistosomes identified as heterobilharzia americana present in the mesenteric vessels, histopathological lesions compatible with schistosomiasis, or both. this represents the first report of h. americana in kansas and in the central united states. | 1991 | 2023315 |
| raccoon poxvirus recombinants expressing the rabies virus nucleoprotein protect mice against lethal rabies virus infection. | raccoon poxvirus (rcn) recombinants expressing the rabies virus internal structural nucleoprotein (rcn-n) protected a/wysnj mice against a lethal challenge with street rabies virus (srv). maximum survival was achieved following vaccination by tail scratch and footpad (fp) srv challenge. rcn-n-vaccinated mice inoculated in the fp with srv were resistant to infection for at least 54 weeks postvaccination. protection was also elicited by rcn recombinants expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein (rc ... | 1991 | 2033678 |
| the role of medium-sized mammals as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi in southern new york. | the ability of raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and opossums (didelphis virginiana) to serve as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, was compared with that of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus). twenty-eight (28) medium-sized mammals and 34 white-footed mice were captured in westchester county, new york (usa) in summer 1986. animals were caged over pans of water for 1 to 2 days to recover engorged tick larvae (ixodes dammini) ... | 1990 | 2388356 |
| adult raccoon survival in an enzootic rabies area of pennsylvania. | twenty-one adult raccoons (procyon lotor) were radio-marked on each of two areas in centre county, pennsylvania from 17 june to 23 august 1987. raccoons on area 1 were vaccinated with a commercial inactivated rabies virus vaccine administered intramuscularly, whereas on area 2 raccoons were not vaccinated. survival rates were estimated for three periods: pre-season (23 august to 23 october 1987), harvest season (24 october 1987 to 23 january 1988) and post-season (24 january to 26 march 1988). k ... | 1990 | 2388357 |
| ophthalmic dirofilariasis. | dirofilaria tenuis infection involving the eye and ocular adnexae is rare. we report a patient from florida with a subconjunctival worm which was surgically removed and identified as immature d. tenuis. ophthalmic involvement of this organism is found most commonly in florida and the southeastern united states. raccoons are a natural host and mosquitoes a natural vector for d. tenuis. | 1990 | 2393227 |
| a comparative study of the unfolding thermodynamics of vertebrate metmyoglobins. | differential scanning microcalorimetry (dsc) of horse, rat, opossum, raccoon, carp, and armadillo metmyoglobins at alkaline ph gave data that fit the two-state unfolding model well. monte carlo studies were used to assess the impact of truncating dsc scans on the reliability of the calculated results when aggregation exotherms overlapped the unfolding endotherm at the high-temperature end of the scan. the dsc estimates for the conformational free energy at ph 8 and 298 k are compared to earlier ... | 1990 | 2378866 |
| intestinal carriage of yersinia pseudotuberculosis by wild birds and mammals in japan. | fecal specimens were obtained from wild birds and mammals in the eastern part of shimane prefecture, japan, an area where serotype 1b, 2b, 3, and 4b strains of yersinia pseudotuberculosis were found to be prevalent in humans. each of 869 animals, including 259 wild birds and 610 wild mammals, was screened for yersiniae. a total of 37 strains of y. pseudotuberculosis were isolated from 34 (5.6%) mammals, including 23 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides), eight deer (cervus nippon), two hares ( ... | 1991 | 2059038 |
| on the robertsonian polymorphism found in the japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). | karyotypes of 39 japanese raccoon dogs (npv) which appeared in the literature and of 7 previously unreported specimens were examined. thirty four individuals showed the standard karyotype 2k = 26m + 10a + (m)x + (a)y + bs (2n = 38 + bs), where bs are supernumerary chromosomes. the remaining 11 individuals had 2k = 25m + 12a + xy + bs (2n = 39 + bs) and one was 2k = 23m + 16a + xy + bs (2n = 41 + bs). the g- and c-banding analyses of both somatic and germ cells revealed that these karyotypes with ... | 1991 | 2064799 |
| regulation of energy economy in raccoon dogs and blue foxes: a process of dynamic interactions. | 1. seasonal regulation of energy economy was studied in farm-raised blue foxes (alopex lagopus) and raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides; gray, 1834). 2. both species exhibited marked seasonal changes in body weight, body energy content, food intake and locomotor activity. seasonal changes in food efficiency were also evident. 3. the results emphasize the important role of both energy intake and energy expenditure in the regulation process. 4. it can be concluded that regulation of seasonal en ... | 1988 | 2904341 |
| dirofilaria immitis in a raccoon (procyon lotor). | a single juvenile male raccoon (procyon lotor) was found naturally infected with dirofilaria immitis. two immature female worms were found in the heart of this raccoon at necropsy. lesions attributable to the presence of these parasites were not found. histopathologic examination of various tissues did not reveal any microfilariae. the raccoon may serve as an aberrant definitive host for this parasite, however, patent infections have not been reported. | 1989 | 2915396 |
| slowly adapting type i mechanoreceptor discharge as a function of dynamic force versus dynamic displacement of glabrous skin of raccoon and squirrel monkey hand. | the effects of dynamic force and dynamic displacement on single unit discharge rate during ramp stimulation were examined in 10 raccoon and 8 squirrel monkey slowly adapting type i (sai) mechanoreceptive afferent fibers, all having receptive fields on glabrous skin of the hand. in all 18 cases, power function exponents were higher for effects of dynamic displacement than for effects of dynamic force on discharge frequency. thus, these sai mechanoreceptors are more sensitive to variations in dyna ... | 1990 | 2325895 |
| sarcocystis sp. in mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington: prevalence and search for the definitive host. | during october and november 1986, sarcocystis sp. was detected in 24 of 56 (43%) tongues from hunter-killed mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington (usa). sarcocysts had an unusual sessile polyp-shaped branched wall. mean size of 154 sarcocysts was 71.3 x 37.8 microns (range, 20 to 248 x 10 to 120 microns), and the mean intensity was 2.3 (range, 1 to 28). in an attempt to identify the definitive host, infected tongues were fed to four coyotes (canis latrans), eight domestic dogs, four ... | 1989 | 2509738 |
| human exposure to rabies from pet wild raccoons in south carolina and west virginia, 1987 through 1988. | during 1987 and 1988, exposures to eight pet wild raccoons in south carolina and west virginia resulted in administration of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis to 19 children and 26 adults. all eight raccoons appeared normal at the time of capture, and three had no signs of illness when sacrificed. the direct medical cost resulting from these exposures was $23,714 ($527 per person). regulations and public education may help decrease this type of rabies exposure. | 1991 | 1928537 |
| serologic surveillance for vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia. | seventeen species of mammals and seven species of birds from ossabaw island, georgia, were tested for vesicular stomatitis (vs) neutralizing antibodies. seropositive results were restricted to mammals with six of 17 species testing seropositive for vs (new jersey type) neutralizing antibodies. seropositive species included: raccoons (procyon lotor), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), feral swine (sus scrofa), cattle (bos taurus), horses (equus caballus), and donkeys (equus asinus). all ... | 1985 | 2987546 |
| opioid modulation of ingestive behaviors in woodchucks and racoons. | we have examined the effect on feeding of opioid blockade with naloxone in two species which demonstrate a marked seasonality in their feeding patterns, the racoon (procyon lotor) and the woodchuck (marmota monax). naloxone suppressed food intake in the woodchuck which is a true hibernator. naloxone failed to suppress food intake in the racoon and, in fact, enhanced intake of a preferred sucrose solution. in the racoon, ir-dynorphine concentrations were extremely high in the hypothalamus compare ... | 1985 | 2987986 |
| molecular characterization of sylvatic isolates of trichinella spiralis. | genetic relationships of 20 trichinella isolates from indiana wildlife were assessed and compared to trichinella isolated from an infected swine herd. trichinella larvae were isolated from coyotes, mink, raccoons, and red foxes. the larvae were maintained and amplified in white mice (icr) and wild mice (peromyscus leucopus). differences in phenotypic characters of sylvatic isolates in the 2 laboratory hosts included an approximately 10-30-fold increase in parasite fecundity in wild mice. dna for ... | 1989 | 2542508 |
| collection of blood-engorged black flies (diptera: simuliidae) and identification of their source of blood. | blood-engorged black flies were captured by 2 methods: early morning application of a quick knock down insecticide (resmethrin) into tree canopies, and late afternoon to early evening truck trapping. more engorged flies were captured per man-hour with the tree spraying method than with the truck trap. the percentages of females captured by the spraying and truck trap methods that were engorged were 18 and 1.3, respectively. the most commonly engorged species captured were prosimulium magnum and ... | 1989 | 2614405 |
| gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa from two raccoon populations in kansas. | a survey in kansas compared the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths and protozoa in 2 raccoon (procyon lotor) populations; a population in a typical rural setting and a relatively undisturbed population on a military reservation. gastrointestinal tracts of 128 raccoons were examined. freeze storage of alimentary tracts prevented collection of data on trematode prevalence. helminth infections other than trematodes included 1 acanthocephalan, 2 cestodes, and 3 nematodes. helminths were found ... | 1989 | 2614594 |
| arbovirus infections in several ontario mammals, 1975-1980. | serological studies for arboviruses were conducted on 725 animal sera collected in 22 ontario townships between 1975 and 1980 including 44 coyote (canis latrans), 277 red fox (vulpes vulpes), 192 raccoon (procyon lotor) and 212 striped skunk (mephitis mephitis). hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to two flaviviruses, namely st. louis encephalitis and powassan were found in 50% of coyote, 47% of skunk, 26% of fox and 10% of raccoon sera. similarly, hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to a ... | 1986 | 3017527 |
| [tick spirochetosis by borrelia burgdorferi in wild carnivores in france. results of serologic tests in 372 foxes]. | the authors made serological examination, by passive hemagglutination, of 378 wild carnivores killed in 17 departments of western, central and eastern parts of france: 372 of foxes, of which more than 90 per cent less than one year aged, 4 raccoon dogs and 2 lynx. in foxes, they found significative seropositivity (greater than or equal to 1/200) with mean frequencies of 12.77 per cent in young animals and 42.86 % in those of 1 year and more. according the parts of france, frequency is greatly va ... | 1991 | 2065402 |
| islet amyloid, islet-amyloid polypeptide, and diabetes mellitus. | islet-amyloid deposits, which are a common feature of type ii diabetes mellitus, are derived from the polymerization of a putative hormone identified as iapp. iapp is synthesized by normal islet beta cells and probably is cosecreted with insulin. although the physiologic function of iapp and its role in the pathogenesis of type ii diabetes mellitus are just beginning to be unraveled, iapp may play an important part in the development of this most common form of diabetes mellitus by opposing the ... | 1989 | 2668761 |
| indirect immunofluorescent detection of oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum in the feces of naturally infected raccoons (procyon lotor). | fecal samples from 100 wild raccoons were examined for the presence of oocysts of cryptosporidium parvum using a commercially available indirect immunofluorescent detection procedure. thirteen (13%) of the samples were positive for oocysts. all positive samples were from juvenile raccoons. over 61% of the infected samples contained moderate to large numbers of oocysts. raccoons may serve as potential reservoirs for transmission of c. parvum. | 1988 | 3057164 |
| the molecular phylogenic tree of the genus trichinella constructed from isozyme patterns. | six zymograms were compared for extracts of muscle-stage larvae of the seven trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. the isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase among them fell into four types. t. pseudospiralis from a raccoon and the polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2, respectively. the iwasaki strain from a japanese black bear and the yamagata strain from a raccoon dog, both from japan, were type 3. type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, ... | 1988 | 3057491 |
| trypanosoma cruzi from wild raccoons in oklahoma. | trypomastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi were detected in the blood of 5 of 8 wild adult raccoons which were live-trapped in tulsa, okla. organisms were isolated in diphasic blood agar medium and maintained in vero cell cultures. inoculated mice exhibited transient parasitemias without tissue involvement. amastigote forms occurred within vero cells. this is the first report of naturally occurring t cruzi infection of wild mammals in oklahoma. | 1986 | 3087247 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection in a dog from oklahoma. | a dog with signs of weakness, labored breathing, and generalized edema was examined. it was heavily infested with fleas and had wounds resulting from a recent fight. hematologic findings were not remarkable, except for parasites in the blood. the dog was treated for fleas and given antibiotics, but was euthanatized when it failed to respond. blood and tissue specimens were found to contain trypanosoma cruzi, and the serum contained antibodies to the organism. we believe this is the first confirm ... | 1986 | 3098711 |
| safety and immunogenicity of era strain of rabies virus propagated in a bhk-21 cell line. | the era strain of rabies virus was propagated in a baby hamster kidney cell line (bhk-21/c13). the viral titer was 10(1.8) tissue culture infective doses (tcid) higher than that of commercial era vaccine. the era/bhk-21 vaccine in baits retained titers of 10(6.3) to 10(6.4), tcid when subjected to daily temperature fluctuations from 9 degrees c to 24 degrees c for 21 days. this titer, according to a dose response in laboratory foxes, was still capable of immunizing up to 100% of foxes consuming ... | 1989 | 2686831 |
| [variations of dentition in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procynoides viverrinus t.) anomalies in number of the teeth]. | a study on the number of anomalous teeth was made by using gross and radiographic examinations on 179 skulls (male: 68, female: 53, unknown: 58) of raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procynoides viverrinus t.) captured in the northern part of kyushu. results were as follows: 1. 8 skulls had 15 supernumerary teeth. they were in the upper incisor, the upper third premolar and the upper and lower first premolar regions. 2. 35 skulls had 58 congenitally missing teeth. most of them were upper and lower first ... | 1989 | 2519270 |
| epidemiologic characteristics of human tularemia in the southwest-central states, 1981-1987. | from 1981 through 1987, a total of 1,041 cases of tularemia in humans were reported in arkansas, kansas, louisiana, missouri, oklahoma, and texas; this represents 60% of the cases reported in the united states during this same time period. the state of arkansas reported the highest total (420 cases). annual incidence rates per one million population ranged from 36.3 in arkansas to less than 5.0 in kansas, louisiana, and texas. epidemiologic data were available for 1,026 cases. the majority of ca ... | 1991 | 2035503 |
| the projection pattern of forepaw nerves to the cuneate nucleus of the raccoon. | the transganglionic transport of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was used to determine the projection pattern within the cuneate nucleus of the 4 major nerves innervating the forepaw of the raccoon, a carnivore noted for its tactile and manipulative abilities. the two nerves innervating the dorsal, hairy skin and claws (the radial and dorsal ulnar nerves) projected to the marginal rim of the cuneate nucleus, but not to the middle cluster region or to the caudal region of the nucleus. the two nerves ... | 1989 | 2710406 |
| oral vaccination of raccoons (procyon lotor) with an attenuated (sad-b19) rabies virus vaccine. | unlike previous reports to the contrary, raccoons (procyon lotor) were successfully vaccinated against rabies with a liquid sad-b19 attenuated virus vaccine administered per os and given in vaccine-laden baits. there was neither evidence of vaccine-induced rabies in raccoons nor in a limited safety trial with opossums (didelphis virginiana) given sad-b19. protection from lethal street rabies virus infection was not absolute: only three of nine raccoons given 1 x 10(6.0) tcid/ml were protected ve ... | 1989 | 2810555 |
| proposed field evaluation of a rabies recombinant vaccine for raccoons (procyon lotor): site selection, target species characteristics, and placebo baiting trials. | prior to a limited field application of an orally-administered vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine for wildlife, background data were obtained for the proposed site on parramore island, virginia (usa). mammalian target and nontarget species, potentially at risk for exposure to vaccine were inventoried. placebo baiting trials with a fishmeal polymer bait resulted in high bait disturbance (88 to 100%), primarily by raccoons (procyon lotor), with infrequent visitation and ... | 1989 | 2810556 |
| selenium accumulation by raccoons exposed to irrigation drainwater at kesterson national wildlife refuge, california, 1986. | in february-march 1986, eight raccoons (procyon lotor) were collected at kesterson reservoir (merced co., california), which had received selenium-contaminated irrigation drainwater, and four raccoons were collected at the nearby volta wildlife area, which had not. selenium concentrations in kesterson raccoons averaged 19.9 ppm (micrograms/g dry wt) in liver, 28.3 ppm (dry wt) in hair, 21.6 ppm (dry wt) in feces, and 2.61 ppm (wet wt) in blood and exceeded volta concentrations by 12, 30, 21, and ... | 1989 | 2619319 |
| characterization of biological and antigenic properties of raccoon dog and blue fox parvoviruses: a monoclonal antibody study. | parvovirus isolates from blue foxes and raccoon dogs were characterized by studying their haemagglutination properties, host range in vitro and antigenic structure. in all 3 characters, raccoon dog parvovirus resembled canine parvovirus (cpv), while blue fox parvovirus was similar to mink enteritis virus (mev). monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against both viruses. raccoon dog parvovirus, while resembling cpv, had a unique antigenic site which could be specified by mabs. the pattern of ... | 1988 | 2836994 |
| host associations of ticks (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing medium-sized mammals in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york. | ticks of eight medium-sized mammal species were studied in an area of endemic lyme disease in westchester county, n.y., from 1 april 1984 to 31 march 1985. most (81%) of the 266 total mammal captures were raccoon, procyon lotor (l.) (47%), opossum, didelphis virginiana (kerr) (19%), and striped skunk, mephitis mephitis schreber (15%); these host species accounted for 91% of the 1,519 ticks collected. although the total number of ticks was rather evenly distributed among these mammals, species co ... | 1989 | 2724317 |
| ammonia levels in the whelping nests of farmed raccoon dogs and polecats. | ammonia concentrations were measured in the nests of farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes-procyonoides gray, 1834) and polecats (mustela putorius) at weaning time. ammonia levels in the nests of raccoon dogs and polecats varied from 1 to 43 ppm and from 0 to 5 ppm, respectively. in the raccoon dog, with increasing litter size, the ammonia concentrations tended to increase exponentially. in the polecat, no marked relationship between litter size and ammonia levels were found. the results show that no ... | 1986 | 2871979 |
| descending pathways to the spinal cord: ii. quantitative study of the tectospinal tract in 23 mammals. | to study the early evolution of the mammalian motor systems, we have collected quantitative data on the nuclear origins of tracts descending into the spinal cord in 99 individuals representing 23 species of mammals and one species of reptile. in each individual, the spinal cord was hemisected at the c1-c2 junction and raw hrp immediately applied to the cut fibers. after a 3-day survival period, brain and spinal cord sections were treated with conventional tetramethylbenzidine procedures. in ever ... | 1989 | 2768559 |
| significance of sleeping plate as a thermal protection for farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). | 1. both living and model animals were used to evaluate the significance of a sleeping plate as a thermal protection for the farmed raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides, gray, 1834), its use by the animals and its cleanliness while used. 2. a dry sleeping plate effectively prevented heat loss from the model animal while a wet plate was less effective. the degree of heat transfer was highest when the plate was ice-covered. heat loss in windy conditions was significantly higher than in calm condit ... | 1987 | 2887348 |
| thalamic connections of three representations of the body surface in somatosensory cortex of gray squirrels. | the anatomical tracer, wheat germ agglutinin, was used to determine the connections of electrophysiologically identified locations in three architectonically distinct representations of the body surface in the somatosensory cortex of gray squirrels. injections in the first somatosensory area, s-i, revealed reciprocal connections with the ventroposterior nucleus (vp), a portion of the thalamus just dorsomedial to vp, the posterior medial nucleus, pom, and sometimes the ventroposterior inferior nu ... | 1987 | 2448348 |
| relationship between seasonal energy economy and thyroid activity in farm-raised raccoon dogs. | 1. the levels of thyroid hormones (t3, t4), total lipids and urea in blood serum of adult farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides gray 1834) were monitored year-round, and compared with seasonal changes in body weight and feed consumption during intense, maintenance and restricted fasting feeding. 2. thyroid hormone levels tended to be low during winter whereas during the rest of the year no marked seasonal differences were observed. that thyroid hormone levels were influenced by altering ... | 1987 | 2887397 |
| [legal fundamentals and practical accomplishments of abattoir and meat research in mammalian game animals]. | meat regulations also involve game inspection. the previous publication mainly dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter. the following publication deals with game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit) and also game such as the badger and the raccoon. | 1988 | 3222786 |
| comparisons of feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, raccoon parvovirus, and mink enteritis virus and their pathogenicity for mink and ferrets. | parvoviruses from mink (mink enteritis virus [mev]), cats (feline panleukopenia virus [fpv]), raccoons (raccoon parvovirus [rpv]), and dogs (canine parvovirus [cpv]) were compared. restriction enzyme analysis of the viral replicative-form dna revealed no consistent differences between fpv and rpv isolates, but cpv and mev isolates could be distinguished readily from other virus types. feline panleukopenia virus, rpv, and mev, but not cpv, replicated to high titers in mink. however, on the first ... | 1987 | 2823648 |
| rabies surveillance, united states, 1988. | the primary purpose of the annual report on rabies surveillance is to assist local and state public health officials in the planning of rabies control programs and to guide health professionals in evaluating the need for rabies postexposure prophylaxis in patients who are exposed to animals that may be rabid. in 1988, a total of 4,724 cases of animal rabies were reported by 47 states, the district of columbia, and puerto rico, similar to the total (4,729) for 1987. no human cases of rabies were ... | 1989 | 2505046 |
| heat loss of farmed raccoon dogs and blue foxes as evaluated by infrared thermography and body cooling. | infrared thermographs showed that heat loss of the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides gray 1834) is greatest from the chest, the head, the abdomen and the feet. the blue fox (alopex lagopus) seems to be somewhat better insulated. mass-0.75 specific heat transfer coefficients (w/kg 0.75 per degrees c) in both species were similar. the wooden nest was able to decrease it significantly. the results support the conclusion that heat loss, and thus the energy costs, of studied species could be redu ... | 1986 | 2873936 |
| response to cold in the blue fox and raccoon dog as evaluated by metabolism, heart rate and muscular shivering: a re-evaluation. | oxygen consumption (ml kg-0.75/min) in relation to ambient air temperature at or below the lower critical temperature (tlc) of the winter-furred raccoon dog (+10 degrees c) and the blue fox (-6 degrees c) is described by the equations y = 14.8-0.28x and y = 7.5-0.20x, respectively. muscular shivering activity (integrated emg) of both species increased below thermoneutrality parallel with increasing oxygen uptake and heart rate. seasonal changes in measured metabolic parameters were evident for b ... | 1985 | 2867857 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine bait containing era strain of attenuated rabies virus. | ninety percent of foxes fed commercial era vaccine in a specially designed bait developed rabies serum neutralizing antibodies. the vaccine bait did not cause clinical signs of rabies when consumed by foxes, raccoons, skunks, dogs, cats, cattle and monkeys. when presented, in the laboratory, to wild rodents of the species microtus, mus musculus and peromyscus, the vaccine baits caused vaccine-induced rabies only in mus musculus. laboratory mice of the cd-1 and cll strain were susceptible to vacc ... | 1987 | 3330965 |
| cerebrospinal fluid analysis of rabid and vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant, orally vaccinated raccoons (procyon lotor). | cerebrospinal fluid obtained from clinically normal free-ranging raccoons was analyzed and compared with csf obtained from raccoons vaccinated orally with vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (v-rg) recombinant virus vaccine and subsequently challenged peripherally with street rabies virus, and csf from naive, rabies virus challenge-exposed control raccoons. significant differences were not found in csf of free-ranging or v-rg recombinant virus vaccine recipient raccoons, and there was no evidence of cn ... | 1989 | 2930023 |
| oral administration of an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus (type 2) to raccoons, foxes, skunk, and mongoose. | an attenuated strain of canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2) was administered orally to 2 foxes (vulpes fulva), 6 raccoons (procyon lotor), a skunk (mephitis mephitis), and a mongoose (herpestus auropunctatus). blood was collected weekly from the animals to monitor cav-2 virus-neutralizing antibody titers. all animals had increases in titers. sera from 8 foxes, 30 mongooses, 52 raccoons, and 22 skunks trapped in the field had naturally occurring antibody to cav-2. | 1988 | 3348527 |
| voluntary regulation of energy balance in farmed raccoon dogs. | 1. seasonal changes in body mass and voluntary feed intake were studied in juvenile raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides, gray 1834) under farm conditions. 2. the body weight maximum was achieved in mid-november. thereafter, body weight gradually declined towards summer. this pattern was closely connected to voluntary regulation of feed consumption. during autumn, appetite of the animals was good enhancing gradual deposition of excessive fat reserves. 3. excessive adiposity itself, together wi ... | 1988 | 2896094 |
| pheochromocytomas in two raccoon dogs. | | 1988 | 3363798 |
| demarcations of the mechanosensory projection zones in the raccoon thalamus, shown by cytochrome oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and nissl stains. | to determine anatomically the boundaries and internal organization of the kinesthetic and cutaneous mechanosensory regions of the ventrobasal thalamus, alternate section series from electrophysiologically mapped tissues from 14 raccoons were stained for cytochrome oxidase, myelinated fibers, acetylcholinesterase, and nissl substance. microelectrode tracks, along with electrolytic lesions placed as tissue markers, reveal that the mechanoreceptor projection zones have higher cytochrome oxidase and ... | 1987 | 3034988 |
| effect of mechanical stimulus spread across glabrous skin of raccoon and squirrel monkey hand on tactile primary afferent fiber discharge. | the role of spread of skin deformation in activating cutaneous mechanoreceptors at a distance from their threshold receptive fields (rfs) was examined in glabrous skin of the north american raccoon and the squirrel monkey. one feedback-controlled mechanical stimulus probe was used to indent the skin to a controlled depth at a constant velocity, at varying distances from a second probe, which was used to monitor vertical displacement depth and velocity at this distant site. in many instances, the ... | 1987 | 3035680 |
| occurrence of baylisascaris procyonis in raccoon populations on military installations in the washington, d.c. area. | | 1987 | 3103024 |
| organization of postcranial kinesthetic projections to the ventrobasal thalamus in raccoons. | to determine the presence and organization of kinesthetic, as compared with other mechanosensory projection zones in the thalamus of raccoons, unit-cluster responses to mechanical stimulation of the postcranial body were mapped electrophysiologically in the thalami of 14 raccoons anesthetized with dial-urethane. a distinct zone of kinesthetic projections (from receptive fields in muscles, tendons, and joints) was found in the rostral and dorsal aspects of the mechanosensory projection zone. thes ... | 1987 | 3108336 |
| biochemical and immunological systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes: genetic divergence between congeners. | vertical starch gel electrophoresis and trefoil immunodiffusion were used to study the systematics of some ascaridoid nematodes. within the ascarididae, the time scale of divergence was too great for intergeneric electrophoretic comparisons. congeneric electrophoretic comparisons of baylisascaris procyonis (host--raccoon) versus baylisascaris transfuga (host--black bear), and toxocara canis (host--domestic dog) versus toxocara cati (host--domestic cat) yielded nei genetic distance coefficients o ... | 1987 | 3114467 |
| sarcocystis in muscles of raccoons (procyon lotor l.). | sarcocysts of sarcocystis sp. were found in 26 (50%) of 52 raccoons (procyon lotor) from ohio, pennsylvania, florida, and maryland. although only 4 (7.7%) of 52 cardiac muscles specimens were found to contain sarcocysts, 25% to 36.5% of tongue, diaphragm, masseter muscle, and esophagus specimens were found infected. by light microscopy, sarcocyst walls were less than 3 micron thick and had no conspicuous projections; interior septa were indistinct. by transmission electron microscopy, sarcocyst ... | 1987 | 3123650 |
| absence of la crosse virus in the presence of aedes triseriatus on the delmarva peninsula. | between 1980 and 1984, field studies were conducted in 2 areas on the delmarva peninsula to identify the presence of la crosse (lac) virus. ovitraps were used to collect eggs of aedes triseriatus complex mosquitoes. no virus was obtained from 969 pools containing 22,370 adult mosquitoes reared from eggs. only 1 of 143 raccoon serum samples had neutralizing antibody to lac virus; 36 sentinel domestic goats, and 99 other wild mammal serum samples were negative. the apparent absence of lac virus ma ... | 1986 | 3507467 |
| rabies in rodents and lagomorphs in the united states, 1971-1984: increased cases in the woodchuck (marmota monax) in mid-atlantic states. | a review of surveillance data on animal rabies from the centers for disease control revealed 104 cases of rabies in rodents and lagomorphs for 1971 through 1984 in the united states; 80% of these were reported between 1980 and 1984. woodchucks (marmota monax) accounted for 64% of the cases. most of the cases of rabies in woodchucks were associated with an epizootic of rabies in raccoons (procyon lotor) in the mid-atlantic states. in rabies endemic areas, humans exposed to woodchucks should recei ... | 1986 | 3520029 |
| tissue concentrations of heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls in raccoons in central new york. | | 1988 | 3133000 |
| fragile sites, telomeric dna sequences, b chromosomes, and dna content in raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides, with comparative notes on foxes, coyote, wolf, and raccoon. | earlier studies of the genus nyctereutes disclosed two subspecies of differing chromosome numbers accompanied by b chromosomes. to further define the relationship of these subspecies to each other, and to other carnivores, and to learn more about the structure and function of their chromosomes, we characterized and compared the genomes in terms of dna content by flow cytometry, fragile sites induced by aphidicolin, and telomere sequences using biotinylated dna probes detected with fluorescence. ... | 1988 | 3150325 |
| lyme disease ecology in wisconsin: distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini, and prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in small mammals. | lyme disease recently has been recognized in wisconsin. trapping studies were conducted at four geographically separate and ecologically distinct regions in wisconsin to elucidate the distribution and host preferences of ixodes dammini on small and medium sized mammals, and the occurrence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in these wild mammals. peak i. dammini larval activity occurred from june-september. nymphs were most active from may-august. white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and ch ... | 1987 | 3605501 |
| latex agglutination test for detecting feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, and parvoviruses of fur animals. | a latex agglutination (la) test for the detection of parvoviruses of fur animals, cats, and dogs was developed, and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of hemagglutination (ha) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). tissue culture isolation was used to confirm the specificity results. fecal samples from various sources were tested, including specimens from raccoon dogs and mink which were experimentally infected with parvoviruses by oral exposure. la compared fav ... | 1986 | 3007568 |
| trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem. iii. epidemiological investigations of trichinella spiralis in resident wild and feral animals. | as part of a larger epidemiological study examining the transmission of trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem, resident wild and feral animals were trapped to determine the extent of their involvement in the natural, on-farm cycling of the parasite among swine. during a 21-mo-study, seven of 15 skunks (mephitis mephitis), one of three opossums (didelphis virginiana), two of two feral domestic cats and a raccoon (procyon lotor) were found to be infected, while five shrews (blarina bre ... | 1988 | 3193554 |
| capillaria procyonis (nematoda: trichuroidea) eggs from the tongue of the raccoon (procyon lotor). | during an investigation to determine the prevalence and intensity of larvae of trichinella spiralis in raccoons (procyon lotor), unembryonated capillariid-type eggs were found routinely in the sediment resulting from 1% pepsin-hcl acid digests of the tongue. the sediment from 36 (90%) of the 40 tongue digests examined contained these capillariid-type eggs. mean measurements of egg width and length were 25 +/- 2 microns and 62 +/- 2 microns, respectively. in addition, the surface of the egg shell ... | 1988 | 3193575 |
| experimental transmission of aleutian disease virus (adv) to different animal species. | two animals from each of 8 different species (mink, finn raccoon, cat, dog, ferret, blue fox, mouse and rabbit) were inoculated with the highly virulent utah i strain of adv. only the mink developed hypergammaglobulinemia. all animals produced antibodies to adv antigens, but with different titres. mink sera had much higher antibody titres than the other animal sera. antibodies to the adv-coded, non-structural polypeptide (p71) were found in mink, finn raccoons and dogs only. presence of this kin ... | 1985 | 2994362 |
| kinesthetic cortical area anterior to primary somatic sensory cortex in the raccoon (procyon lotor). | extracellular microelectrode recording of cortical unit activity, with subsequent histological examination, was used to determine the extent, organization, and cytoarchitecture of the zone of muscle afferent projections (kinesthetic cortex) anterior to the primary somatic sensory cortex in anesthetized raccoons. activity was evoked in response to mechanical stimulation of muscles from which the overlying skin had been dissected away. most kinesthetic responses were elicited in a contiguous corti ... | 1988 | 3198797 |
| orthopoxvirus dna: a comparison of restriction profiles and maps. | characteristic dna endonuclease digest fragment electropherograms and restriction site maps permitted differentiation and genome structure analysis of 38 orthopoxviruses that included isolates of monkeypox virus from humans and animals, monkeypox white variants, variola, vaccinia, ectromelia, tatera (gerbil) and raccoon poxviruses, and cowpox and camelpox viruses. hindiii cleavage sites mapped on the 38 virus genome dnas plus smai, bgli, saci, kpni, xhoi, and sali maps for variola (harvey) and m ... | 1985 | 2998003 |
| sylvatic trichinosis in canada. | pepsin digestion of musculature from 2253 animals revealed that sylvatic trichinosis occurred in various species of mammals from the eastern to the western arctic and extended down into the rocky mountain and foothills regions of western canada. infections were demonstrated in arctic fox, red fox, wolf, raccoon, coyote, lynx, bobcat and dog. | 1988 | 3196978 |
| efficacy of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine in raccoons (procyon lotor). | raccoon rabies exists in epizootic proportions in the southeastern and mid-atlantic regions of the united states, but efficacious oral vaccines for control of rabies in this important vector have not been previously demonstrated. alternatively, a vaccinia recombinant virus vaccine (v-rg) expressing the era (evelyn-rokitnicki-abelseth) rabies virus glycoprotein was highly immunogenic for laboratory animals and raccoons by the intradermal, intramuscular, and oral routes. raccoons that ate a synthe ... | 1988 | 3206091 |
| canine host range and a specific epitope map along with variant sequences in the capsid protein gene of canine parvovirus and related feline, mink, and raccoon parvoviruses. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a recently recognized pathogen of dogs that is similar to the long-recognized feline, mink, and raccoon parvoviruses. relationships between the viruses determined from dna sequences of the capsid protein genes of 10 virus isolates showed the cpv isolates to be closely related to the other viruses, although comprising a distinct group. no immediate ancestor of cpv was observed amongst the mink, cat, or raccoon viruses examined. three different directly repeated sequence ... | 1988 | 3176341 |
| measurement of rabies-specific antibodies in carnivores by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | we describe an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that utilizes anticanine immunoglobulin for the measurement of rabies-specific antibody in the sera of the major domestic and wildlife reservoirs of rabies in north america. sufficient cross-reactivity was found to exist between anticanine igg and serum antibody from all carnivores tested, including dogs, cats, foxes (vulpes vulpes), skunks (mephitis sp.) and raccoons (procyon lotor). with sera of most species, good correlation wa ... | 1988 | 3286905 |
| serologic evidence of yersinia pestis infection in small mammals and bears from a temperate rainforest of north coastal california. | from 1983 to 1985, 463 serum samples from 11 species of mammals in redwood national park (rnp) (california, usa) were evaluated for antibodies to yersinia pestis by the passive hemagglutination method. yersinia pestis antibodies occurred in serum samples from 25 (36%) of 69 black bears (ursus americanus), one (50%) of two raccoons (procyon lotor), five (3%) of 170 dusky-footed woodrats (neotoma fuscipes), and one (less than 1%) of 118 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). two hundred seventy-three ... | 1989 | 2915403 |
| spinocervical tract neurons responsive to light mechanical stimulation of the raccoon forepaw. | 1. the extracellular activity of 45 antidromically identified spinocervical tract (sct) neurons responsive to light mechanical stimulation of the glabrous surfaces of the forepaw was examined in raccoons anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. an additional seven neurons had peripheral receptive fields (rfs) located on hairy skin of the forelimb, and three had deep rfs. 2. all recording sites were histologically verified as falling within rexed's laminae iii and iv in spinal cord segments c6-t1. ... | 1989 | 2918340 |
| ecology and epidemiology of raccoon rabies. | two areas of the united states presently are experiencing epizootics of raccoon rabies, which have been followed by the development of an enzootic state. these include four southeastern and five mid-atlantic states. information was obtained from 1,610 raccoons submitted for rabies testing in four of the affected mid-atlantic states during 1982 and 1983 and from 798 raccoons from virginia during 1984 and 1985. analysis of the two sets of data provided an opportunity to characterize certain aspect ... | 1988 | 3264616 |
| skunk rabies. | in north america, the number of cases of rabies diagnosed in skunks generally exceeds that in either raccoons or foxes. enzootic skunk rabies occurs mainly in four geographic regions: (1) southern ontario and quebec and upper new york state; (2) the north central united states and the canadian provinces of manitoba, saskatchewan, and alberta; (3) california; and (4) south central united states (texas and several adjacent states). rabies in these areas (in skunks and, to a large extent, in other ... | 1988 | 3206070 |
| brucella abortus in wildlife on selected cattle farms in alabama. | two studies of brucellosis in wildlife on farms where the brucellosis infection prevalence in cattle was known are reported. on a research farm, 233 feral animals of 22 mammalian species and 12 of seven avian species were trapped during three time periods. sixty were studied before cattle were introduced, 128 were studied while 501 cattle infected with brucella abortus were calving and aborting, and 60 specimens were collected 20 mo after the last infected cow calved. selected tissues from 229 w ... | 1985 | 3923213 |
| monoclonal antibodies to metacyclic stage antigens of trypanosoma cruzi. | hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against the tulahuén strain of trypanosoma cruzi were produced by the fusion of sp2/o-ag 14 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with irradiated metacyclic trypomastigotes. twenty of the monoclonals synthesized by the hybridomas were identified as igm, 2 as igg1, 10 as igg2a, 3 as igg2b, 4 as igg3, 1 as ige, and 1 as iga. twenty-three of these antibodies had kappa light chains and 18 showed delta chains. twelve of the monoclonal ... | 1985 | 3927760 |
| possible association between dirofilaria tenuis infections in humans and its prevalence in raccoons in florida. | a study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dirofilaria tenuis in raccoons from subtropical southern florida as compared to the northern part of the state. the results indicate that d. tenuis is more prevalent in southern florida and suggest that this might be why humans suffer from more d. tenuis infections in southern florida than in other parts of the state. | 1988 | 3357101 |
| sensory deafferentation fails to modify muscarinic receptor binding in raccoon somatosensory cortex. | the characteristics and distribution of muscarinic acetylcholine (mach) receptor binding in primary somatosensory (si) cortex and the caudate nucleus of raccoons were studied using [3h]-qnb, a muscarinic antagonist. the binding characteristics were similar to reported values in rat and cat. autoradiographs produced from tissue sections labeled with [3h]-qnb showed the distribution of mach receptors in the forebrain of the raccoon. [3h]-qnb binding was highest in cerebral cortex, neostriatum and ... | 1988 | 3382965 |
| deep plantar arteries of some mammals, with special reference to the plantar metatarsal arteries. | the plantar metatarsal arteries of some mammals were studied. in the dog, raccoon dog and cat, the second proximal perforating branch was fully developed and produced the plantar metatarsal arteries. these plantar metatarsal arteries ran on the plantar surfaces of the interosseous muscles along the metatarsal bones or intermetatarsal spaces, and gave rise to the digital arteries of the second to fifth toes. in the rabbit, a branch of the medial plantar artery ran transversely on the plantar surf ... | 1988 | 3389201 |
| roles of the wolf and the raccoon dog in the ecology and epidemiology of rabies in the ussr. | at the end of the 1960s, the roles of the wolf and the raccoon dog in the ecology and epidemiology of rabies in the ussr increased rapidly. this increase was caused by a lack of attention to measures of wolf control and by the introduction of the raccoon dog into the european part of the ussr. the intensification of control measures led to a decrease in the role played by these animals in the ecology and epidemiology of rabies. | 1988 | 3206072 |
| medullary sources of projections to the kinesthetic thalamus in raccoons: external and basal cuneate nuclei and cell groups x and z. | in raccoons and other mammals, a pathway for kinesthetic sensation (from muscles, fascia, tendons, and joints) reaches the anterodorsal cap of the ventrobasal thalamus and the anteriormost part of the somatic sensory cerebral cortex. to find the medullary component of this kinesthetic pathway in raccoons, small injections of horseradish peroxidase were made in the thalamus under guidance of simultaneous electrophysiological recording from kinesthetic projections. as determined by retrograde labe ... | 1988 | 3343399 |
| smooth muscle in the hepatic artery, portal vein and hepatic vein within the liver of the raccoon and guinea pig. | the amount and arrangement of smooth muscle in the intrahepatic vessels suggests that the guinea pig would be a good animal model for studying mechanisms controlling intrahepatic portal vein blood flow, while the raccoon would be good for studying hepatic vein mechanisms of control. | 1985 | 3972073 |
| prevalence of presumed dirofilaria tenuis microfilariae in raccoons near vero beach, florida. | | 1985 | 3981342 |
| epidemiology of rabies virus variants. differentiation using monoclonal antibodies and discriminant analysis. | rabies virus was isolated by cell culture from the brains of 104 confirmed rabies cases diagnosed by the fluorescent-antibody staining technique in the united states during 1974-1984. eighty-seven isolates were obtained from wild-life species, 10 from humans, and seven from domestic animals. these isolates were tested in virus neutralization and immunofluorescence assays using a panel of 34 monoclonal antibodies specific for rabies virus nucleocapsid protein, 44 monoclonal antibodies specific fo ... | 1987 | 3300280 |
| descriptive epidemiology from an epizootic of raccoon rabies in the middle atlantic states, 1982-1983. | during 1982 and 1983, the centers for disease control and cooperating middle atlantic states and local health departments collected data on 1,610 raccoons that were submitted for rabies testing and on 133 persons who received rabies postexposure prophylaxis as a result of exposure to wild animals. raccoons were found most commonly in yards and residential areas. raccoons that were killed by private citizens, animal-control personnel, or dogs had the highest positivity rate (70%), and those that ... | 1987 | 3497576 |
| effect of cage size on growth, feed intake, fur quality and activity pattern of farmed raccoon dogs. | | 1988 | 3400355 |
| oral immunization and protection of raccoons (procyon lotor) with a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine. | animal rabies control has been frustrated by the existence of multiple wildlife reservoirs and the lack of efficacious oral vaccines. in this investigation, raccoons fed a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus in a sponge bait developed rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (0.6-54.0 units) and resisted street rabies virus infection 28 and 205 days after feeding. additional raccoons immunized by oral infusion with attenuated antigenic variants of rabies virus strains cvs-11 and era failed ... | 1986 | 3464010 |
| trichinella spiralis in an agricultural ecosystem. ii. evidence for natural transmission of trichinella spiralis spiralis from domestic swine to wildlife. | epidemiological investigations of an outbreak of trichinellosis were carried out in a domestic swine herd and it was established that the parasite also occurred in rats, and in skunks, opossums, and raccoons. because considerable uncertainty exists regarding the role of sylvatic trichinellosis as a reservoir for the synanthropic cycle, studies were conducted to determine the genetic nature of the various isolates from this ecosystem. pig infectivity trials, isoenzyme analyses, and repetitive dna ... | 1987 | 3572642 |
| induction of protective immunity against rabies by immunization with rabies virus ribonucleoprotein. | we have studied the ability of rabies virus ribonucleoprotein (rnp) to induce a protective immune response in animals against lethal challenge with rabies and rabies-related lyssa viruses. liposomes containing either rnp or the glycoprotein (g protein) of a variant virus with multiple alterations in the g antigenic structure conferred no or poor protection, respectively, against lethal intracerebral challenge with rabies virus. by contrast, liposomes containing rnp and the variant g protein indu ... | 1987 | 3480536 |
| chromosomal evolution of the canidae. ii. divergence from the primitive carnivore karyotype. | the giemsa-banding patterns of chromosomes from the arctic fox (alopex lagopus), the red fox (vulpes vulpes), the kit fox (vulpes macrotis), and the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) are compared. despite their traditional placement in different genera, the arctic fox and the kit fox have an identical chromosome morphology and g-banding pattern. the red fox has extensive chromosome arm homoeology with these two species, but has only two entire chromosomes in common. all three species share ... | 1987 | 3568762 |
| comparative cytogenetics of chinese and japanese raccoon dogs, nyctereutes procyonoides. | we investigated the relationships between subspecies of nyctereutes procyonoides from china (2n = 54 + b chromosomes) and japan (2n = 38 + b chromosomes). the chromosomes of chinese and japanese raccoon dogs were compared by means of conventional staining, g- and c-banding, and silver nitrate staining of nors. extensive g-banding homologies revealed karyotype evolution through chromosomal fusion. we believe the reduced diploid number in the japanese raccoon dogs was achieved by fusion of 16 acro ... | 1987 | 3691184 |
| survival of macracanthorhynchus ingens in swine and histopathology of infection in swine and raccoons. | animal husbandry aimed at preventing macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus infections in swine is not successful in preventing exposure to macracanthorhynchus ingens, and it is probable that pigs occasionally acquire acanthocephalans of that species. in some pigs, m. ingens survived 2 weeks and grew several millimeters. in such cases, destruction of villi, erosion of epithelium, leukocytic infiltration, and altered cytological structure at attachment sites accompanied the infection. penetration was l ... | 1986 | 3734995 |
| architecture of the masticatory apparatus in eastern raccoons (procyon lotor lotor). | the structure and function of the masticatory apparatus of raccoons resemble those found in carnivores. in this study, the architecture of the skull, dentition, and masticatory apparatus is described, and a model is proposed that suggests a mechanism used by raccoons to reduce different foods. the model suggests that jaw movements are similar to those of cats, the posterior regions of the superficial and deep parts of the temporalis and the anterior region of the medial pterygoid generate horizo ... | 1986 | 3739955 |
| survey of raccoon hunters for rabies antibody titers: pilot study. | | 1986 | 3746238 |
| rabies prevention in primary care. a four-step approach. | although most physicians in the united states have not seen a person with rabies, the primary care physician is often confronted with a patient who has been bitten by an animal capable of transmitting rabies virus. rabies is almost always transmitted by a bite; licks and other nonbite exposures hardly ever cause the disease. the control of rabies in domestic animals has greatly reduced the risk of human disease following the bite of a dog or cat, but rabies in wild animals (especially skunks and ... | 1987 | 3628129 |
| an epizootic of rabies in maryland, 1982-84. | the number of reported rabid raccoons increased by 617 per cent in maryland from 1982 to 1984. the per cent of raccoons that tested positive for rabies increased from 7.9 per cent in 1982 to 57 per cent in 1984. during this period of time, more than 74 per cent of human exposures to rabid animals involved raccoons. reports of animal bites of humans, however, showed only a 2.6 per cent increase. the raccoon rabies epizootic has had significant public health impact in terms of human rabies postexp ... | 1987 | 3789236 |
| experimental studies of st. louis encephalitis virus in vertebrates. | serologically negative birds and mammals of species, known from other studies to be exposed naturally to st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus in memphis, tennessee, and other selected species were inoculated experimentally with strains of sle virus to determine their potential as natural hosts. mosquitoes (culex sp.) were allowed to feed on some of the inoculated vertebrate species, held for 14 days, and tested for sle infection. the cardinals (richmondena cardinalis), robins (turdus migratorius), ... | 1985 | 3999258 |
| locomotor behavior of decerebellated arboreal mammals--monkey and raccoon. | | 1974 | 4212146 |