| [an angular drill guide for capsule-ligament-tendon lesions in animal and man]. | | 1982 | 7150223 |
| relationship between lactate arteriovenous gradient and tissue lactate content in subendocardial and subepicardial layers of the ischaemic in situ heart. | myocardial lactate content and simultaneous evolution of a lactate arteriovenous gradient associated with incomplete obstruction of the left coronary bed were studied in dog hearts. samples of blood were taken from a peripheral artery and the coronary sinus; transmural samples of myocardial tissue were obtained from the left ventricular wall by drill biopsy in animals under total cardiopulmonary by-pass. lactate content was assessed in subendocardial and subepicardial layers separately. a 40 to ... | 1982 | 7151100 |
| [fine-needle aspiration biopsy and analysis of estrogen receptors in breast cancer]. | estrogen receptor concentration was measured in fine needle aspirates from 98 human mammary carcinomas. we performed a biochemical radiolabeled assay by the charcoal-dextran procedure on cytosols obtained after homogenization in a saline hypertonic buffer (0,4 m kcl) and centrifugation at 105,000 g. dna content of the pellets was measured by fluorimetry. a sample of about 10(6) cells, containing at least 10 micrograms of dna, was needed to obtain a reliable result. in this report, 74 samples wer ... | 1982 | 7165807 |
| infection and transmission studies with plasmodium gonderi in the macaca mulatta monkey. | eight different anophelines--anopheles freeborni, an. maculatus, an. dirus, an. stephensi, an. atroparvus, an. sundaicus, an. quadrimaculatus, and an. albimanus--were shown to be susceptible to infection with a strain of plasmodium gonderi from the drill. mandrillus leucophaeus. transmission was obtained via the bites of an. freeborni, an. maculatus, an. stephensi, and an. dirus mosquitoes to macaca mulatta. prepatent periods in macaca mulatta monkeys following sporozoite inoculation ranged from ... | 1980 | 7218123 |
| gap healing of compact bone. | standard-sized holes were drilled in the tibia of rats resulting in a reproducible model which can be used to study the different stages of gap healing where practically no influence from biomechanical forces is present. primary bone healing takes place in holes up to a diameter of 800 micrometer. in this case, no differentiated cartilage or connective tissue is formed. the medullary cavity is closed by a sealing callus. the bony splinters resulting from the operation are incorporated into the o ... | 1980 | 7256198 |
| rapid-freezing transmural cardiac biopsy drill. | we have built a transmural cardiac biopsy drill that uses an air turbine (10,000 rpm) to turn a stainless steel bore of either 2.0 or 4.5 mm diam. vacuum draws the cut biopsies through the drill into isopentane chilled to -150 degrees c with liquid nitrogen. the steel bores cut through the beating canine left ventricular free wall in 0.14 +/- 0.04 (sd) permitting sampling in discrete portions of the cardiac cycle. small and large biopsies traverse the drill in 0.48 +/- 0.19 and 0.15 +/- 0.04 s, ... | 1981 | 7457616 |
| sterilization of partially demineralized bone matrix: the effects of different sterilization techniques on osteogenetic properties. | transplantation of allogenic bone requires the thorough examination of donors as well as the careful processing and storage of samples in order to minimize potential infection. other problems associated with allogenic transplants such as low osteoinductive properties and immunological reactions led to the development of partially demineralized bone matrix (pdbm). this highly osteogenic bone extract is largely free of antigens and easy to produce. however, in order to exclude the potential risk o ... | 1995 | 7475009 |
| community perception and role in prevention of guinea worm disease. | in kitgum district of northern uganda in 1992, natural group and focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted to examine the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and beliefs of the people concerning guinea worm disease (gw disease) and its transmission, prevention, and treatment. most people could describe the cause and treatment of coo (local name of gw disease). more than 58% thought dirty or bad water was the main cause of coo. 63.2% believed that drinking contaminated wate ... | 1993 | 7516675 |
| measurements of shaft speed while drilling through bone. | this study investigated the effect of force on drill speed and measured the energy consumed during the drilling process. | 1995 | 7562196 |
| the effect of drilling and soft tissue grafting across open growth plates. a histologic study. | we examined the ability of a soft tissue graft to inhibit the formation of a bony bridge within tunnels drilled across open femoral and tibial growth plates in a canine model. a fascia lata autograft was placed in tunnels drilled across the distal femoral and proximal tibial physes in four skeletally immature dogs. four additional dogs had a similar procedure performed, but the drill holes were left empty. the growth plates were evaluated at either 2 weeks or 4 months postoperatively using high- ... | 1995 | 7573652 |
| microdissection of mouse and human zona pellucida using a 1.48-microns diode laser beam: efficacy and safety of the procedure. | to investigate the efficacy and safety of a small and affordable 1.48-microns continuous wave diode laser for zona pellucida (zp) microdissection. | 1995 | 7641917 |
| introduction of an intraoral bone-lengthening device. | it has been demonstrated that distraction osteogenesis is an effective clinical tool with applications for the entire human skeleton. therapeutic exploitation in the correction of the asymmetrical and hypoplastic mandible has been reported previously. however, the main criticism of this technique has been the residual cutaneous scars resulting from the surgical incision and the path of the expansion device. in order to obviate the need for skin incisions, we have developed and demonstrated the f ... | 1995 | 7652076 |
| [measuring intraosseous pressure of the patella: theoretical principles--animal experiment studies. part i]. | there are few reports in the literature about measurement of intraosseous venous pressure in bone. necrosis of the femoral head was found to be related to higher intraosseous venous pressure. values varied widely. pain is thought to result when an individual critical intraosseous venous pressure is exceeded. from june 1986 to may 1987, 16 full-grown male rabbits were tested at the histological laboratory at the university of innsbruck. the purpose of the study was to assess the intraosseous veno ... | 1993 | 7687075 |
| prevention of fracture at the distal locking site of the gamma nail. a biomechanical study. | to investigate the origin of fractures at the distal locking site of the gamma nail, we loaded ten paired human cadaver femora fixed with a gamma nail in torsion until they fractured. when an awl was hammered in to start the hole for distal locking a fissure appeared in the lateral cortex of all the femora, and the mean torsional load to create a fracture was reduced by 57.8% compared with that in a control group in which the distal locking hole had been started with a centre drill. when an addi ... | 1995 | 7706346 |
| [the characteristics of the development of caries in human dental fissures based on microhardness data. its diagnosis, treatment and prevention]. | hygienic status of the teeth was assessed after fyodorov-volodkina and green-vermillion in 500 patients aged 26 to 68 consulted for caries, chronic and acute periodontitis. a good hygienic status of the teeth was observed in 70 subjects: the fyodorov-volodkina hygienic index was 1, the green-vermillion index o. the fyodorov-volodkina index from 1,7 to 5 in 430 patients, depending on the hygienic habits. patients whose hygienic index was still unsatisfactory despite special training, were subject ... | 1995 | 7770892 |
| effects of inotropic stimulation on energy metabolism and systolic function of ischemic right ventricle. | this study determined whether dobutamine enhances regional systolic function in the ischemic right ventricle (rv) at the cost of adverse effects on regional energy metabolism. seventeen alpha-chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest pigs were studied under four conditions: 1) control; 2) dobutamine infusion (mean dose 9 micrograms.kg-1.min-1); 3) rv ischemia (45 +/- 5% reduction in rv free wall blood flow for 100 min); and 4) continued ischemia with dobutamine. regional rv free wall high-energy phosp ... | 1995 | 7771533 |
| use of facilitated ankylosis in the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle: 12 cases (1987-1992). | medical records were reviewed for 12 cattle with septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint that were treated by use of facilitated ankylosis. information on signalment, clinical signs, digit affected, radiographic findings, and type and duration of treatment were compiled. owners were contacted for information about the convalescent period, reasons for culling, productivity, and outcome. outcome was classified as successful or unsuccessful on the basis of lameness, growth pattern, and ... | 1995 | 7790310 |
| in vitro comparison of the effect of parallel and divergent transfixation pins on breaking strength of equine third metacarpal bones. | breaking strength (torque at failure) of equine third metacarpal bones, with transfixation pins placed parallel in the frontal plane and 30 degrees divergent from the frontal plane, was determined in vitro. two transfixation pins were placed through the distal metaphysis, using a jig designed to drill the holes in the assigned configuration. paired metacarpal bones ii through iv from 12 horses were tested in torsion. the torsional moment of the force applied through the transfixation pins at fai ... | 1994 | 7802403 |
| evaluating chemical inactivation of viral agents in handpiece splatter. | the water spray used with a modern high-speed dental drill is a significant vehicle for dispersion of infectious agents into the environment, putting patients and the dental staff at risk of infection. this study examines whether disinfectants added to the handpiece water supply could inactivate viral contaminants in splatter. results supporting use of ethanol or sodium hypochlorite are presented. | 1995 | 7860888 |
| technique for producing controlled closed fractures in a rabbit model. | we describe a new technique to produce a closed fracture of the rabbit tibia with reproducible location and shape of the fracture. the hindlimb of a new zealand white rabbit was enclosed in a bivalved cast, a 1.5 mm diameter hole was drilled through the lateral tibial cortex, and the tibia was fractured by loading in three-point bending in an arbor press. the cast protected the soft tissues from being crushed while it concentrated the bending moment at the intended fracture site. the cortical ho ... | 1994 | 7931790 |
| mandibular lengthening by external distraction: an experimental study in the rabbit. | to observe the development of bone at different times during the period of mandibular lengthening by external distraction using ilizarov's transosseous osteosynthesis technique. | 1994 | 7965313 |
| biomechanical properties of small bone screws. | to evaluate systematically the biomechanical properties of 13 popular screw designs, ranging from 0.8 to 2.0 mm in diameter. | 1994 | 7965333 |
| quantitative proton spectroscopy of canine brain: in vivo and in vitro correlations. | quantitative, single-voxel proton nmr spectroscopy of normal brain was performed in five adult beagle dogs using the cerebral water signal as an internal intensity reference. the same brain regions were then rapidly isolated and frozen using a pneumatic biopsy drill, perchloric acid extracted, and analyzed by biochemical assay and high-resolution nmr spectroscopy. the concentrations of the major resonances in the in vivo and in vitro spectra were compared, and good agreement was found between th ... | 1994 | 7968436 |
| the microtrephine. a new diagnostic tool for obtaining corneal biopsies. | we have developed a new tool for obtaining biopsies of the cornea in a manner which is less traumatic than former biopsy techniques. the new instrument consists of a drill with an aperture of 160 microns which functions as a trephine and is powered at 30,000 rpm. the instrument contains a 120 microns mandrel to remove the samples. in order to monitor electrolyte contents in alkali burnt corneas, 32 rabbit eyes underwent an alkali burn of one cornea (1 n naoh for 30 sec) followed by a sequence of ... | 1994 | 7976274 |
| correlations between screw hole preparation, torque of insertion, and pullout strength for spinal screws. | the bone-screw interface is critical in the use of spinal instrumentation. the purpose of these experiments described here was twofold. first, to determine whether a correlation existed between torque generated during screw insertion and the pullout strength. second, to determine how differing surgical methods of screw hole preparation influenced torque of insertion and screw pullout strength. a series of experiments were carried out in which screws were inserted into synthetic bone (experiment ... | 1994 | 8003831 |
| technique for placement of chronic third cerebroventricular cannula in female goats (capra hircus). | a practical method for chronic catheterization of the third cerebroventricular space in goats was developed by using a stereotaxic device. in female goats of various ages and weights, a stereotaxically mounted drill was positioned at an angle of 11.5 degrees with the tip of the drill bit located at a skull reference point 2 to 3 mm rostral to the posterior border of bregma (intersection of the coronal with the sagittal sutures). the hole that was drilled served as the guide for a tight-fitting c ... | 1994 | 8007662 |
| psychopathology in war-zone deployed and nondeployed operation desert storm troops assigned graves registration duties. | early psychopathology outcomes were compared in troops mobilized for persian gulf graves registration duty but differentiated by war-zone deployment. constructs of interest were axis i psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (ptsd), negative affect states, and somatic complaints. psychometric instruments, including the structured clinical interview for dsm-iii-r, were administered to troops attending drill exercises. although similar in personal characteristics and repo ... | 1994 | 8040508 |
| distraction osteogenesis. a comparison of corticotomy techniques. | the left hindlimbs of 15 adult mongrel dogs were lengthened using the ilizarov external fixator. five dogs were assigned to each of three separate groups: (i) corticotomy; (ii) osteotomy with multiple drill holes and an osteotome; (iii) osteotomy with an oscillating saw. distraction began on postoperative day seven and continued at a rate of 0.25 mm every six hours for 26 days. the regenerate segments were evaluated with weekly radiographs and dual energy photon x-ray (depx) beginning at day sev ... | 1994 | 8156672 |
| [histologic studies of replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament with pds-augmented patellar tendon transplants]. | the bone-patellar tendon-bone graft is currently the best substitute for the anterior cruciate ligament (acl). to improve the results we compared a modified jones procedure with an additional pds augmentation. in 25 sheep the acl was reconstructed in the left knee after total resection. the only resection of the acl was done in all right knees. one year postoperative 21 sheep remained in the experiment and came to evaluation. there were 10 modified jones procedures and 11 pds augmentations. in b ... | 1994 | 8178182 |
| growth-plate modifications after drilling. | thirty 5-week-old male rats were used to discern the local modifications of the growth plate after drilling. a 1-mm wide drill hole was made on the right femur from the intercondylar notch to the diaphysis crossing the growth plate, with the left femur acting as a sham-operated control. animals were killed in four five-unit groups at 1, 2, 8, and 16 weeks, respectively, after the surgical procedure. soft tissues were removed and bone length measured. distal growth plates of both femora were hist ... | 1994 | 8188839 |
| the cement-canal prosthesis. a new cementation technique studied in cadaver femora. | this report presents the cement-canal prosthesis. acrylic cement is injected through the prosthesis by means of an integrated drill hole system. a second canal system within the prosthesis allows suction from the cavities, which could form in the mantle during cement injection. in an experimental study using 36 human cadaveric femora, 3 cement implantation pressures (0.5 bar, 1.0 bar and 1.5 bar) were used. a conventional cementing technique served as a control. compared to the controls, a deepe ... | 1994 | 8197865 |
| [initial stability of an implanted cement-canal prosthesis. results in experimental studies on human cadaver femurs]. | upon implantation of a cement-canal prosthesis in the proximal femur in total hip replacement, the bone cement is injected through the prosthesis via a system of drill holes. a second system of drill holes is used in this endoprosthesis to drain the distal femoral space as well as the cavities within the cement layer which form when the cement is being injected. since the cement pressure is sustained until the cement has cured, substantial penetration of the cement into the cancellous bone can b ... | 1993 | 8212817 |
| histological reaction to titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite particles in the rabbit tibia. | the interfacial membrane harvested from failed joint replacements contains particulate debris from the materials used for the implant. to define the tissue response to particulate titanium alloy and hydroxyapatite (ha) alone, 16 mature new zealand white rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 8 rabbits. using sterile technique, a drill hole was placed anteromedially in the tibia, 1 cm distal to the knee joint bilaterally. the marrow was scooped out and 0.25 mg of either titanium alloy particles or ... | 1993 | 8218720 |
| immunobiology of acinetobacter baumannii and genospecies 3. | five representative, taxonomically and serologically defined clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii and genospecies 3, and a. baumannii strain atcc 19606 were examined for immunogenicity in rabbits following experimental bacteremia. all rabbits seroconverted as determined with the aid of the tube o-agglutination, indirect hemagglutination, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) procedures. immunoblots detected over twenty immunogenic, proteinase-k-degradable polypeptide antigens in ... | 1993 | 8219496 |
| the holding strength of cannulated screws compared with solid core screws in cortical and cancellous bone. | the comparative holding strength of cannulated screws (cs) versus solid core screws (scs) has not been reported, although differences exist in the respective diameters of their outer thread and pilot drill holes. our objectives were to characterize these differences and determine the holding power of cs compared with scs in cortical and cancellous bone. the dimensions of the synthes (paoli, pa) 3.5-mm scs, 3.5-mm cs, 6.5-mm scs, and 7.0-mm cs were measured, and the cross-sectional area for threa ... | 1993 | 8229382 |
| effect of otologic drill noise on abr thresholds in a guinea pig model. | the noise generated by the otologic drill has been implicated as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss after ear surgery. however, clinical studies on this subject are contradictory and difficult to interpret. therefore a guinea pig model was used to study whether the level of noise generated by the otologic drill can cause threshold shifts in the auditory brainstem response (abr). the source noise was a recording obtained during a human cadaver mastoidectomy using a microphone and an accelerome ... | 1993 | 8233501 |
| tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. a biomechanical and histological study in the dog. | our study evaluated tendon-to-bone healing in a dog model. twenty adult mongrel dogs had a transplantation of the long digital extensor tendon into a 4.8-millimeter drill-hole in the proximal tibial metaphysis. four dogs were killed at each of five time-periods (two, four, eight, twelve, and twenty-six weeks after the transplantation), and the histological and biomechanical characteristics of the tendon-bone interface were evaluated. serial histological analysis revealed progressive reestablishm ... | 1993 | 8258550 |
| streaming potentials in healing, remodeling, and intact cortical bone. | electrical fields have been implicated in accelerated bone healing and as a transduction mechanism for mechanically driven bone remodeling. applied mechanical or electrical stimulation of bone remodeling suggests that this depends on the magnitude, frequency, and duration of the stimulus. the magnitude of endogenous electrical fields, manifest by streaming potentials (sps) across canine cortical bone, were measured as a function of bending frequency in vivo and then in vitro at healing drill hol ... | 1993 | 8266824 |
| delayed appendicitis from an ingested foreign body. | an unusual case of acute appendicitis induced by a metal drill bit that was ingested by a 27-year-old man 3 years before presentation is reported. this foreign body lodged in the patient's appendix and developed a fecalith coating. when this fecalith coating enlarged enough to obstruct the appendiceal lumen, the patient presented with classic acute appendicitis. foreign body-induced appendicitis is reviewed. | 1994 | 8285974 |
| a surgical technique for bilateral cochleotomy in the long-evans rat. | a bilateral cochleotomized surgical rat model, needed for a study involving microwave effects, was developed, standardized, and assessed for reproducibility. after a review of the literature concerning attempts and approaches with various species, a technique involving an approach through the external auditory canal was chosen and modified. using a stereomicroscope, a cutaneous incision in the intertragic notch was made and extended medially along the ventral aspect of the external auditory cana ... | 1993 | 8292571 |
| assessment in rats of a new bioerodible bone-wax-like polymer. | holes drilled in rats' skull, iliac crest, and tibia were filled with beeswax or with a new, wax-like, bioerodible polyorthoester (alzamer). empty drill-holes served as controls. in addition, beeswax and polyorthoester were deposited between the left and the right oblique abdominal muscles, respectively. in muscle, both the beeswax and polyorthoester elicited a transient foreign body reaction. the beeswax was not resorbed in bone or muscle, whereas the polyorthoester was. bone healing was inhibi ... | 1993 | 8322594 |
| [behavior of artificially-induced epiphyseal groove defects in rabbits. part 2. transplantation of autologous and homologous groove cartilage]. | in this experimental study in rabbits we evaluated histologically the effect of reproducible drill holes through the distal femoral growth plate. we could demonstrate epi-metaphyseal bone-bridging as uniform reaction of the physeal cartilage in response to this traumatisation. the defects have been filled with autologous or homologous epiphyseal cartilage from distal ulnar growth plate. autologous transplants fulfilled the demand avoiding partial bony closure of the growth plate. homologous grow ... | 1993 | 8333076 |
| effect of ktp laser ablation of endochondral bone on bone healing. | the advantages of using a laser to cut a hole in the ossicular chain include increased precision, decreased likelihood of disarticulation, and elimination of noise-induced threshold shift associated with conventional drills. this study was designed to determine optimal energy settings and cooling technique to minimize tissue injury. laser ablated holes were cut in rabbit femurs with different endostat fibers at power settings of 1.6 to 5.0 watts. comparable burr holes were cut by a high-speed dr ... | 1993 | 8372919 |
| [an experimental study on injuries to the growth plate--effects on the growth of long bones following placement of smooth pins across the growth plate of immature rabbits]. | displaced epiphyseal separation is difficult to reduce and fix. we usually pass a few kirschner wires from the epiphysis to the metaphysis to maintain the position of reduction. however there are various opinions about the effects of penetrating smooth pins, concerning whether it causes retarded bone growth. in this experimental study on immature rabbits, stainless steel pins 0.7, 1.2, 2.0, or 3.5 mm in diameter or a single crystal alumina ceramic pin 1.2 mm in diameter were driven into a drill ... | 1993 | 8409636 |
| neurosurgeon as innovator: william v. cone (1897-1959). | neurosurgeons are well known for being productive researchers and innovators. few, however, have possessed the prolific ingenuity of william cone. in 1934, he and william penfield were cofounders of the montreal neurological institute where, until 1959, he filled the twin roles of neurosurgeon-in-chief and neuropathologist. because he did not find writing easy, many of his technical inventions and refinements remained unpublished. his numerous innovations included the extensive use of twist-dril ... | 1993 | 8410237 |
| histological evaluation of free revascularized iliac crest bone after transplantation for mandibular reconstruction. | differing views on the nutritional status of revascularized bone in animal studies and in human transfer have been expressed. normal viability is reported as well as single cell necrosis and devitalized areas and, finally, necrosis of the complete graft. from 19 patients with revascularized bone transfer into injured recipient tissues, we obtained 32 drill biopsies out of the centre of the graft and near the mandibular stump during the removal of the osteosynthesis plates. the histological prepa ... | 1993 | 8412638 |
| torque and pullout analysis of six currently available self-tapping and "emergency" screws. | insertional torque (it), stripping torque (st), and uniaxial pullout tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of six screw systems (wurzburg, techmedica, synthes, timesh, steinhouser, luhr) in thin porcine rib. the timesh 2.2-mm self-tapping screw produced the largest insertional and stripping torque of all systems tested as well as the largest difference between the insertional and stripping torque. the timesh emergency screw also had the largest insertional and stripping torque as we ... | 1993 | 8419573 |
| effects of drill cooling and bone structure on imz implant fixation. | alternating use of the original method of internal drill cooling with manual external cooling, one imz implant was placed in the diaphysis (compact bone) and metaphysis (spongy bone) of the left distal tibia in each of six sheep. after polyfluorochrome sequential labeling, two animals survived for 4, 8, and 16 weeks without functional loading of the implants. the drill holes and bone-implant reactions were evaluated in undecalcified ground sections and microradiographs, using computer-aided hist ... | 1993 | 8468088 |
| evaluation of finite element analysis for prediction of the strength reduction due to metastatic lesions in the femoral neck. | between 30 and 70% of almost one million new cancer patients diagnosed each year will develop osseous metastases. clinicians are faced with the difficult task of determining which patients require prophylactic stabilization to prevent pathologic fracture. the objective of this study was to test the ability of macroscopic finite element models to predict the fracture strength of the proximal femur with a lesion in the femoral neck. drill hole defects in human cadaver femora were used to simulate ... | 1993 | 8468338 |
| cell origin and differentiation in the repair of full-thickness defects of articular cartilage. | the origin and differentiation of cells in the repair of three-millimeter-diameter, cylindrical, full-thickness drilled defects of articular cartilage were studied histologically in new zealand white rabbits. the animals were allowed to move freely after the operation. three hundred and sixty-four individual defects from 122 animals were examined as long as forty-eight weeks postoperatively. in the first few days, fibrinous arcades were established across the defect, from surface edge to surface ... | 1993 | 8478382 |
| use of the holmium: yttrium aluminum garnet (ho:yag) laser for cranial nerve decompression: an in vivo study using the rabbit model. | a study was designed to evaluate the utility and safety of the holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet (ho:yag) laser for precise bony decompression of neural canals. in vivo rabbit studies were performed to measure temperature changes and nerve degeneration which occurred when the facial canal was decompressed with the laser as compared to the diamond burr. marked temperature elevations were noted with the laser (n = 4), but not with the burr (n = 4). seven of nine nerves decompressed with the laser re ... | 1993 | 8502097 |
| metallic postoperative artifacts on cervical mr. | spectroscopy of cervical diskectomy specimens obtained from sheep demonstrated that metallic susceptibility artifacts are produced by microscopic amounts of nickel, copper, and zinc. sufficient quantities of metals to produce artifacts are deposited only by contact of metal drill bits and suction tips. if these instruments do not come in contact during surgery, susceptibility artifacts are not observed. | 1993 | 8517368 |
| osteonal structure better predicts tensile strength of healing bone than volume fraction. | refractures and secondary fractures occur after removal of internal fixation devices even when the x-rays show well-mineralized bony unions. this indicates the unreliability of bone density as the only parameter to estimate the strength of healing bone. the aim of this study was to show that the strength of healing bone is more influenced by microstructural parameters than by bone density. a drill hole defect in the sheep tibia was used to investigate bone healing under stable conditions. after ... | 1995 | 8522550 |
| nasal reconstruction using an osteoconductive collagen gel matrix. | congenital malformations, granulomatous diseases, and trauma can all cause destruction of the nasal structural framework, resulting in functional nasal obstruction and altered facial cosmesis. current methods of nasal reconstruction include cartilaginous and bony grafts, silastic implants, and homograft only materials. however, these techniques have significant functional and cosmetic drawbacks and are not risk free. native, isotonic, neutral-ph, space-filling type i collagen gels have been show ... | 1996 | 8554744 |
| evaluation of cortical bone damage and axial holding power of nonthreaded and enhanced threaded pins placed with and without drilling of a pilot hole in femurs from canine cadavers. | to evaluate the in vitro axial extraction forces necessary to remove pins and to evaluate mechanical trauma resulting from pin insertion, using various types of pins and insertion techniques. | 1996 | 8617646 |
| the scala vestibuli for cochlear implantation. an anatomic study. | traditionally, cochlear implantation has used the scala tympani (st) for electrode insertion. when faced with st ossification, the surgeon may elect to drill out the cochlea to accomplish partial electrode insertion. theoretically, another option in this situation is to insert the electrode into the scala vestibuli (sv). | 1996 | 8630205 |
| orthopaedic bone drills-can they be improved? temperature changes near the drilling face. | we studied the various drill bits available for engineering purposes, and compared them with standard orthopaedic drill bits, using continuous temperature recording at 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm from the edge of a 2.5 mm hole as it was drilled in fresh cadaver human tibia. we found that some commercially available drill bits performed better than their orthopaedic equivalents, producing significantly less thermal injury to the surrounding bone and halving the force required for cortical penetrati ... | 1996 | 8636166 |
| eliminating effects of an air purifier on infectants during dental procedure. | blood and drill dust from dental plaque microorganisms, teeth, and filling materials can cause environmental pollution in the dental clinic. currently, as a preventive measure against air pollution from a patient's mouth during dental treatment, dust-collecting aspirators such as an extra-oral vacuum aspirator (eova) are coming into general use. we tested the eliminating effects by the eova with the plaque solution aerosol and the aerosol from drilling a tooth by examining the distribution of fl ... | 1995 | 8689739 |
| comparative animal study of three ligament prostheses for the replacement of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament. | three different ligament prostheses (leeds-keio, gore-tex and a prototype of aramid) were implanted in sheep knee joints replacing the anterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligament. after 1 yr the knees were explanted and their biomechanical properties were assessed by a drawer test and tensile tests of the implants. additionally the ligament replacements, the synovial membrane and the lymph nodes were inspected histologically. for each type of prosthesis partial or total rupture ... | 1996 | 8736731 |
| temperature changes in bovine mandibular bone during implant site preparation: an assessment using infra-red thermography. | changes in bone temperature during the sequence of drilling for implant site preparation using the branemark technique were monitored using infra-red thermography. | 1996 | 8783531 |
| the effect of speed, pressure, and time on bone temperature during the drilling of implant sites. | it is critical for the success of endosseous root-form implants that minimal heat is generated in the bone during the drilling of the implant sites. one aspect that has received little emphasis in the literature is the effect of the load placed on the drill during preparation of osteotomies. temperatures and time were measured while drilling bovine cortical bone at speeds of 1,800 and 2,400 rpm and loads of 1.2 and 2.4 kg. drilling at a low speed of 1,800 rpm and at a minimal load of 1.2 kg prod ... | 1996 | 8820120 |
| use of the er:yag laser for improved plating in maxillofacial surgery: comparison of bone healing in laser and drill osteotomies. | surgical reconstruction of bony defects in the maxillofacial region involves fixation of bony fragments with mini and micro plates. bone stabilization during hole drilling is often challenging due to the need to apply pressure when using a conventional mechanical hall drill. in addition, fragmentation of the fragile bones may occur and complicate the reconstruction. the pulsed er:yag laser offers an attractive alternative drilling modality because it does not require physical contact with the bo ... | 1996 | 8836995 |
| suture anchor strength revisited. | the rapid proliferation of suture anchors continues. our prior report on the pullout strength of 14 different anchors is supplemented by a similar test conducted on 8 additional anchors. comparative data on modes of failure and failure strengths (ultimate loads to failure) for these new devices are compared statistically with the previously tested anchors. in a fresh never-frozen porcine femur model, 10 samples of each of the additional anchors tested were threaded with stainless steel sutures a ... | 1996 | 8838726 |
| the spinal nail: a new implant for short-segment anterior instrumentation of the thoracolumbar spine. | the biomechanics of a new spinal implant were evaluated and its dependence on an anterior strut graft was determined. six fresh-frozen adult porcine spines were used. an l3 corpectomy was created. the spinal nail was inserted intraosseously into the middle column of the l2-l4 vertebral bodies in a trough. implant drill holes were made for proximal and distal locking bolts in l2 and l4. a locking plate bridged the l2 and l4 trough and anchored the exposed ends of the locking bolts. testing was pe ... | 1996 | 8877956 |
| transorbital approach to the porcine pituitary. | a transorbital approach to the pituitary gland is described in domestic swine weighing between 40 and 70 kg. a transpalpebral eye exenteration is performed and the optic canal is enlarged caudally, using a bone drill. an operating microscope is used to improve visualization of the surgical site as the pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary are exposed to the level of the optic chiasm. this approach exposes the pituitary sufficiently to perform either a hypophyseal stalk transection or a hypophys ... | 1996 | 8887068 |
| histomorphological reaction of bone to different concentrations of phagocytosable particles of high-density polyethylene and ti-6al-4v alloy in vivo. | wear debris has been implicated in the pathogenesis of loosening and osteolysis of total joint replacements by stimulating a foreign body and chronic inflammatory reaction capable of bone resorption. whether increasing concentrations of wear particles have an adverse biological effect on bone has not been elucidated. we performed a histomorphological and semi-quantitative morphometric analysis of the reaction of bone to different concentrations of phagocytosable particles of high-density polyeth ... | 1996 | 8894085 |
| the effect of irrigation on osteotomy depth and bur diameter. | a device to measure bur temperature using thermocouple technology was developed. a block of bovine bone was subjected to computerized tomography scanning to confirm bone density and configuration similar to that of a human mandible. bone temperature was measured via a thermocouple probe. during osteotomy preparation, bur temperature was shown to exceed the surrounding bone temperature. irrigation greatly reduced bur temperature. osteotomies were made to depths of 8.5, 10.5, 13.5, 15.5, 18.5, and ... | 1996 | 8908862 |
| effect of drill speed on bone temperature. | measurements of bone temperature rise were recorded during drilling of bovine cortical bone specimens. a surgical drill (stryker-100) was fitted with a custom-designed speedometer for monitoring the rotational speed during the drilling, and the drill was mounted on a specially constructed drill press. the tests were conducted in 36 specimens at variable speeds (20000-100000 rpm) and at different constant forces (1.5-9.0 n) which were applied by placing weights on the drill platform. the results ... | 1996 | 8961026 |
| a disaster drill in hong kong. | this case report relates the course of a disaster drill held on 19 august 1994 in a regional acute hospital (pamela youde nethersole eastern hospital) in hong kong. the hospital civil disaster contingency plan (the plan) was put to trial on that day. volunteers were invited to become simulated casualties in the exercise. briefing seminars had been conducted with clinicians of the accident and emergency department (a & e) and other departments of the hospital. the scenario was a man-made type dis ... | 1997 | 9069733 |
| a simplified technique for embryo biopsy: use of the same micropipette for zona drilling and blastomere aspiration. | using different micropipettes for zona drilling and blastomere aspiration for embryo biopsy is prevalent at centers of preimplantation genetic diagnosis. the purpose of our study was to simplify the technique by using only one micropipette. | 1997 | 9090559 |
| heat generation during implant site preparation: an in vitro study. | thermal changes elicited during drilling and tapping procedures used in site preparation for screw-shaped and cylindrical implants were measured in vitro in blocks of bovine cortical femur bone. heat-sensitive thermocouples were placed in the bone specimens at 4- and 8-mm depths and at a constant distance from the periphery of the drilling site; this distance was preset for each type of bur used. rotary cutting was performed with 10-mm-long twist drills (2- and 3-mm diameter) and triflute drills ... | 1997 | 9109268 |
| l-arginine and superoxide dismutase prevent or reverse cerebral hypoperfusion after fluid-percussion traumatic brain injury. | to determine whether treatment with l-arginine or superoxide dismutase (sod) would prove effective in reducing cerebral hypoperfusion after traumatic brain injury (tbi), we measured cerebral blood flow (cbf) using laser doppler flowmetry (ldf) in rats treated before or after moderate (2.2 atm) fluid-percussion (fp) tbi. rats were anesthetized with isoflurane and prepared for midline fp tbi and then for ldf by thinning the calvaria using an air-cooled drill. rats were then randomly assigned to re ... | 1997 | 9151771 |
| [treatment of osteoid osteoma with ct-guided drilling and ethanol instillation]. | for 6 months a 25-year-old man had been suffering from intermittent pain in the left upper leg, alleviated by aspirin. physical examination was unremarkable: local pain was not elicited. | 1997 | 9162624 |
| reconstruction of human maxillary defects with nacre powder: histological evidence for bone regeneration. | the defective areas in the premolar-molar region of maxillary alveolar bone of eight patients were reconstructed using powdered nacre from the giant oyster pinctada maxima. histological, microradiographic and polarized light studies of drill biopsies taken 6 months postoperatively showed that nacre was tightly bound to newly-formed bone. the nacre was gradually and centripetally biodissolved and replaced with immature and then mature lamellar bone. these results are in agreement with our previou ... | 1997 | 9183443 |
| internal fixation strength of suture anchors--update 1997. | two new areas of anchor development are biodegradable anchors and "mini" anchors. the group of biodegradable anchors tested include the bio-anchor, lactosorb, biofix, bio-statak, mini screw suture anchor, depuy 4.5 molded, depuy 4.5 machined, depuy 3.5 machined, tag wedge 4, tag rod 2, tag wedge 3, tag wedge 2, and stealth. "mini anchors" have drill holes or minor diameters of < 2.2 mm. those tested include the mini revo and bio-anchor, miniharpoon, mini mitek and fast in 3, statak 1.5 and 2.5, ... | 1997 | 9195034 |
| temperature rise during drilling through bone. | temperature was measured during drilling in bovine cortical bone specimens. a surgical drill fitted with a custom-designed speedometer and mounted on a drill press was used to drill holes at one speed, 49,000 rpm, and at forces in the range of 1.5 to 9.0 n. the resulting temperatures were recorded by thermocouples placed at various locations. the distribution of maximum local temperature rise (delta t) was best fitted by the function delta t = ar-b, where r is the distance from the center of the ... | 1997 | 9197099 |
| mechanical and histologic evaluation of ca-p plasma-spray and magnetron sputter-coated implants in trabecular bone of the goat. | to aim of this study was to investigate the bone response to calcium phosphate (ca-p) plasma-spray and radiofrequency magnetron sputter-coated implants with comparable roughness. therefore, tapered conical screw designed implants were installed in the trabecular bone of the femurs of nine goats. they were provided with two types of coatings, a plasma-spray dual coating of fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite (fa/ha-ps) and a titanium plasma-spray coating, covered with an amorphous ca-p magnetron sput ... | 1997 | 9212391 |
| analysis of a semitendinosus autograft in a rabbit model. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic and biomechanical changes that occur between 12 and 52 weeks in an intraarticular, semitendinosus autograft placed through tibial and femoral drill holes in a rabbit model. the results of this study show that, in this rabbit model, the soft tissue graft maintained its biologic fixation in the osseous tunnel when stressed to failure at 1 year. the bony fixation occurred by the formation of an indirect tendon insertion, and this formation wa ... | 1997 | 9240991 |
| experimental sensorineural hearing loss following drill-induced ossicular chain injury. | in a guinea pig model, a standardized drill-induced injury to the body of the incus was applied, and the effects on hearing were characterized by electrocochleography. drilling resulted in a threshold shift within seconds, and after 15 min it averaged 35.7 db for clicks, 35 db nhl for 4 khz bursts, 36.7 db nhl for 6 khz bursts and 39 db nhl for 8 khz bursts. the deterioration of the threshold shift remained stable throughout the 5-week post-operative observation period. in five animals a disarti ... | 1997 | 9288202 |
| [infection with legionella pneumophila among workers of polish sea drilling platforms]. | the epidemiology, clinic, diagnostic dates and treatment of legionella pneumophila (l. pneumophila) were discussion. the our study were removal in 246 workers seas drill platforms. the antibody opposed of l. pneumophila were mean in 54 with 246 workers. investigation were execution into conjunction of specifically job and life workers and frequently appearance of bronchitis. the antibody l. pneumophila were detection in 25% persons. these dates may suggest possibilities of l. pneumophila infecti ... | 1997 | 9297350 |
| anterior thoracic corpectomy without sternotomy: a strategy for malignant disease of the upper thoracic spine. | with increasing frequency, spine surgeons are being asked to provide decompression and stabilization in patients with spinal metastases. while no region of the spine is easily treated, the upper thoracic spine is perhaps the least accessible. traditional approaches to this region involve either thoracotomy or at least limited sternotomy. the authors present an approach to anterior pathology of the upper thoracic spine that obviates the need for sternotomy. | 1997 | 9309285 |
| reconstruction of calvarial defects by bioresorbable ceramics: an experimental study in rats. | this study evaluated bioresorbable ceramics in the reconstruction of calvarial defects. full-thickness defects were made in the calvaria of 40 adult sprague-dawley rats (350-450 g) with a standard 8-mm trephine drill. three different materials were used for defect repair: (a) pure alpha-tricalcium phosphate (tcp), (b) surface-treated glass ceramic, (c) surface-treated glass ceramic plus 70/30 l/dl polylactic acid (volume ratio 45/55). the implants were pellets of 7.9 mm diameter and 2 mm thickne ... | 1997 | 9384790 |
| long-term effects of core decompression by drilling. demonstration of bone healing and vessel ingrowth in an animal study. | avascular necrosis of the femoral head is associated with bone marrow hyperpression. although core decompression by drilling is an accepted treatment regimen, until today no experimental results exist concerning the physiological effects of this procedure. published clinical data are controversial. in an animal study marrow decompression was carried out by drilling of both hips in 18 healthy male sheep. in the right hip of each animal a resorbable stent was implanted in order to prolong the dura ... | 1997 | 9394955 |
| evaluating the motions of a semi-submersible platform with respect to human response. | the motions of a semi-submersible drilling platform have been evaluated so as to predict the effects on the comfort and activities of the crew. the horizontal motions at the drill floor exceeded the 'average threshold of perception' defined in international standard 6897 (iso 6897, 1984) by more than a factor of two; they were about half of the limit for the worst 10 min in five years for 'fixed offshore structures where work of a somewhat critical nature is carried out'. other standards predict ... | 1997 | 9414357 |
| [ossicular coupling of an implantable hearing aid transducer using an er:yag laser]. | special coupling devices made of pure gold or titanium have been developed to connect a new implantable hearing aid transducer (tübingen implant) to the ossicular chain. they allow piezotransducer probe-tip connection to the long process of the incus or the stapedial head. similar to the design of conventional porps (partial ossicular replacement prostheses), the coupling devices can be fixed at the ossicular chain, e.g., with the eye loop of stapedial piston prostheses or the bell element of go ... | 1997 | 9445859 |
| erbium:yag and holmium:yag laser root resection of extracted human teeth. | root resection of extracted human teeth was performed using the erbium:yag (er:yag) and holmium:yag (ho:yag) laser to investigate the clinical application of lasers on hard tissue. the co2 laser and the mechanical drill were also used for comparison. after resection using these technologies, the morphological changes of the cut surface were investigated by optical and scanning electron microscope. er:yag laser irradiation produced smooth, clean resected surfaces without signs of thermal damages. ... | 1997 | 9467336 |
| thermographic assessment of heat generated on the root surface during post space preparation. | the mechanical preparation of a post space in a root filled tooth is commonly carried out using rotating instruments in a slow handpiece. this procedure creates frictional heat which may be transferred to the root surface. in this investigation, the temperature changes on the root surface of 12 root filled, extracted human premolar teeth during preparation of post spaces were analysed using an infrared thermal imaging camera. a rotational speed of 8000 r.p.m. was used and the teeth were prepared ... | 1997 | 9477803 |
| analysis of bone formation after cranial osteotomies with a high-speed drill. | ten new zealand white 22-week-old rabbits were divided into two groups of five each. the midas rex drill with a c-1 drill bit was used to make a full-thickness sagittal osteotomy 2 cm in length. a b-5 bit and footplate attachment were used to make a 2-cm linear osteotomy parallel to the first. four drill holes 1 mm in diameter were made over the nasal bones on the ipsilateral side. in group a animals, half of the skull had no irrigation; the other half of the skull was irrigated with room temper ... | 1997 | 9477832 |
| effects of drill speed on heat production and the rate and quality of bone formation in dental implant osteotomies. part i: relationship between drill speed and heat production. | the amount of heat produced by dental implant osteotomy (receptor site) preparation at different speeds and the effects of heat production on the prognosis of implant treatment are controversial. in part i of this two-part study, heat production was measured in vivo during osteotomy preparation at low (maximum 2,000 rpm), intermediate (maximum 30,000 rpm), and high (maximum 400,000 rpm) speeds in the rabbit tibia, and an inverse relationship was observed between drill speed and heat production. ... | 1997 | 9495159 |
| effects of drill speed on heat production and the rate and quality of bone formation in dental implant osteotomies. part ii: relationship between drill speed and healing. | in part i of this two-part study, the authors investigated heat production during osteotomy drilling at three different speeds, and determined that high-speed drilling produced the least heat when using 700 xl carbide burs. part ii of the study histologically examines the rate and quality of healing after drilling osteotomies at the three speeds in the mandible. osteotomies were histologically examined 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. histologic findings suggested that in the initial 6 weeks, ... | 1997 | 9495174 |
| the value of methylprednisolone in the treatment of an experimental sensorineural hearing loss following drill-induced ossicular chain injury: a randomized, blinded study in guinea-pigs. | in a previously established animal model a standardized drill-induced injury to the body of the incus was applied, and the effects on hearing were characterized by electrocochleography. in a placebo-controlled, randomized, blinded study methylprednisolone showed no protective effect in reducing or improving the auditory threshold shifts, which occurred within seconds after drilling and remained stable throughout the 5-week observation period. therefore the otologic surgeon must pay close attenti ... | 1998 | 9504163 |
| a new mechanical aiming device for the placement of distal interlocking screws in femoral nails. | although the free-hand technique remains the most popular method for distal interlocking screw insertion, a proximally mounted "radiation-independent" device which compensates for implant deformation has been developed. in 15 intact human cadaveric femora the same surgeon performed statically locked intramedullary nailing using the distal aiming system. operation time, distal screw insertion, total radiation time and accuracy of the interlocking screw placement were measured using a radiation-in ... | 1998 | 9521519 |
| in vitro pullout strength of screws inserted in adult equine third metacarpal bone after overdrilling a 4.5-mm threaded insertion hole. | to determine and compare the in vitro pullout strength of 5.5-mm cortical versus 6.5-mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the diaphysis and metaphysis of adult equine third metacarpal (mciii) bones, in threaded 4.5-mm cortical bone screw insertion holes that were then overdrilled with a 4.5-mm drill bit to provide information relevant to the selection of a replacement screw if a 4.5-mm cortical screw is stripped. | 1998 | 9525030 |
| [integration properties of bone substitute materials. experimental studies on animals]. | in order to avoid the potential risks of disease transmission in allograft surgery, numerous substitute materials have been described. as the biological response to implant materials is different, we undertook the following study to assess type and amount of bone ingrowth in cap-ceramics. 105 cylindrical bone defects with a diameter of 5.4 mm were created surgically in the femoral condyles of 53 skeletal mature nzw rabbits. the defects were filled with crushed coralline hydroxyapatite (ha) impla ... | 1998 | 9530667 |
| [bone regeneration stimulated by bone substitute materials]. | prompted by severe problems in autogeneic and allogeneic bone transplantation, intensive efforts were made to find sufficient substitutes. a main demand on these materials, especially in healing of osseous defects, is to achieve results comparable to those of auto- or allografts. these must be related to their biomechanical and particularly to their biological properties, i.e. the ability to form new bone, osseous integration and physiological remodeling. within different trials in the tibiae of ... | 1998 | 9530668 |
| the influence of transphyseal drilling and tendon grafting on bone growth: an experimental study in the rabbit. | the undulating area of the distal femoral physis has been measured in new zealand white rabbits, by using an image analyzer in histologic sections, and correlated to radiographic measurements. the relative size of a physeal drill injury necessary to cause growth disturbance has been found to be 7-9%. a transphyseally placed tendon, even as a free graft, prevented solid bone-bridge formation in the drill hole and growth disturbance. the results are of possible clinical significance. | 1998 | 9531394 |
| influence of different pilot hole sizes on torque measurements and pullout analysis of osteosynthesis screws. | when screws are inserted in thick cortical bone, a small pilot hole size, corresponding to the core diameter of the screw, can result in high torsional stress, leading to screw fracture. the aim of this study was to enlarge the drill size up to a critical pilot hole size (cphs) which, if exceeded, means a rapid decrease in the screw holding power. 1.5 and 2 mm titanium screws were inserted in discs of polyvinylchloride (pvc), wood and porcine mandibular bone with thicknesses differing between 2 ... | 1998 | 9563595 |
| type-ii external fixation, using new clamps and positive-profile threaded pins, for treatment of fractures of the radius and tibia in dogs. | a new external fixation system for repair of fractures of the radius and tibia was developed that uses positive-profile threaded pins. this system allows for addition of a fixation clamp between 2 installed clamps, predrilling of pin holes through a drill sleeve, use of positive-profile threaded pins in all locations, and easier application of full pins. type-ii external fixators were applied, using this system, to fractures in 10 client-owned dogs, and outcome was evaluated. all fractures heale ... | 1998 | 9569167 |
| successful use of a laser for human embryo biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis: report of two cases. | the use of tyrode's acid to drill the zona pellucida for embryo biopsy is the most widely used methodology in preimplantation genetic diagnosis. instead of this, we propose the use of a 1.48-micron diode noncontact laser, which is quicker, simpler, and safer. | 1998 | 9604764 |
| pullout strength of adaption screws in thyroid cartilage. | to determine the pullout strength of adaption screws in laryngeal cartilage and its relationship to drill hole and screw diameter. | 1998 | 9617925 |