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comparison of y chromosome and mtdna phylogenies leads to unique inferences of macaque evolutionary history.we report here the results of one of the first analyses to use male-specific nuclear markers in elucidating primate phylogenetic relationships at the intrageneric level. two closely linked y chromosome markers, tspy and sry, were sequenced for a total of 3100 bases. forty-four macaques, representing 18 of the 19 recognized species, were sequenced for the full 3.1 kb, as was 1 individual from each of the following outgroup genera: papio, theropithecus, mandrillus, allenopithecus,cercopithecus, tr ...200011083929
animal models for male pattern (androgenetic) alopecia.the stump-tailed macaque (macaca arctoides) appears to be a suitable biological model for human androgenetic alopecia. the expense, danger, and low availability compromise its value but macaques currently remain the model of choice. rodent models, both testosterone induced alopecia and various xenograft approaches, show promise for elucidating fundamental information on normal and abnormal hair growth as well as serving as models to develop new therapies to treat hair loss.200111399538
eradication of simian retrovirus type d from a colony of cynomolgus, rhesus, and stump-tailed macaques by using serial testing and removal.the markedly compromised health of animals in a macaque colony and the problematic interpretation of data from two drug safety assessment studies prompted a review of the effect of simian retrovirus type d on the drug-development process at a midwest pharmaceutical company. after reviewing relevant literature and consulting with an expert in simian retroviruses, we initiated a program of eradication. during a 16-month period, all cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis), rhesus (macaca mulatta), and stu ...200011487224
study of antiangiogenic agents with possible therapeutic applications in neoplastic disorders and macular degeneration.using a previously developed method (ambrus, et al., 1991), we found that pentoxifylline and thalidomide potentiate each others antiangiogenic effect induced by human malignant melanoma cells in the cornea of macaca arctoides monkeys.200011508321
mandibular variation among chinese macaques.in order to clarify the degree to which mandibular variation among chinese macaques results from functional adaptation and phylogenetic inertia, 13 mandibular variables were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate techniques. the results indicate, not surprisingly, that the main differences in the mandible are associated with size. the study further implies that the variation between species is not closely associated with differences in functional adaptation even though the dietary and related di ...200211793417
antibody-mediated lung endothelium targeting: in vivo model on primates.we have recently provided evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) is a rational target and anti-ace monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are suitable molecules for directing gene/drug delivery into the pulmonary endothelium of rodents. as a step towards gene therapy clinical trials using this approach, the present study evaluated the potential of anti-ace mabs for in vivo lung endothelium targeting in 10 species of primates. cross-reactivity of 10 distinct mabs directed to human ace with ace f ...200211896467
the effects of dose protraction on hematopoiesis in the primate and dog.the modifying effects of dose protraction by fractionation or continuous low dose-rate exposure are not well known in the primate. comparative studies between the two mammalian species dog and monkey with widely differing acute ld50 values have not been made. a program to study dose-rate effects on injury and recovery of the bone marrow in dogs and monkeys under simultaneous and similar exposure conditions is in progress. the equivalent residual dose (erd) assumptions of 10% irreparable injury a ...197211898835
extensive mhc-dqb variation in humans and non-human primate species.non-human primates are often used in biomedical research, and the application of these animals as a model in immune-related diseases necessitates the characterisation of their mhc system. in particular, the mhc class ii regions of the chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), the rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta)and the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) have been subject of molecular biological studies in recent years. in this study the emphasis was on mhc class ii genes of another macaque species, macaca ...200212136334
photoreceptor inner segments in monkey and human retina: mitochondrial density, optics, and regional variation.the present work quantifies aspects of photoreceptor structure related to mitochondria, inner segment dimensions, and optical properties, as a basis for furthering our understanding of rod and cone function. electron-microscopic analyses were performed on the retina of one stumptail macaque (macaca arctoides) to obtain stereological measurements of ellipsoid mitochondrial density, and sizes and shapes of outer and inner segments. in addition, the distribution of mitochondria and the optical prop ...200212511073
the stump-tailed macaque: a promising laboratory primate.members of macaca speciosa have characteristics that make them suitable primates for neuropsychological investigation. they work well in discrimination training, have a varied behavioral repertoire and social interaction, and seem to be at least as intelligent as m. mulatta. they are docile and submit readily to laboratory routine.196314033533
shared means and meanings in vocal expression of man and macaque.vocalisations of six macaca arctoides that were categorised according to their social context and judgements of naive human listeners as expressions of plea/submission, anger, fear, dominance, contentment and emotional neutrality, were compared with vowel samples extracted from simulations of emotional-motivational connotations by the finnish name saara and english name sarah. the words were spoken by seven finnish and 13 english women. humans and monkeys resembled each other in the following re ...200314582828
behavioral abnormalities in captive nonhuman primates.in this study, we dealt with 11 species of nonhuman primates across 10 zoos in india. we recorded behavior as instantaneous scans between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. in the study, we segregated behaviors for analyses into abnormal, undesirable, active, and resting. the 4 types of abnormal behavior exhibited included floating limb, self-biting, self-clasping, and stereotypic pacing. in the study, we recorded 2 types of undesirable behavior: autoerotic stimulation and begging. langurs and group-housed macaq ...200314965782
transformation of rabbit lymphocytes by an epstein-barr virus-related herpesvirus from macaca arctoides.herpesvirus macaca arctoides (hvma), an epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related herpesvirus of macaque origin, induces malignant lymphomas in rabbits. to get more insights into the oncogenesis of the ebv/hvma infection the aim of the present study was to prove the in vitro transforming ability of hvma for rabbit lymphocytes as well as human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. as a result, b-cell transformation could be demonstrated after infection with hvma in all mononuclear cell samples of 20 rabbits. ...200415168196
cloning of oestrogen receptor beta from old and new world primates: identification of splice variants and functional analysis.oestrogens have a major impact on reproductive function in both males and females. two oestrogen receptor genes known as eralpha (esr1nr3a1) and erbeta (esr2nr3a2) have been cloned. splice variant isoforms of the erbeta gene have been identified in human, bovine and rodents and it has been suggested that the existence of these forms can influence oestrogen responsiveness. in the human, splicing of an alternative eighth exon results in the formation of a c-terminal variant called herbetacx, or he ...200415171710
immunophenotypical characteristics of permanent cultures of lymphoid cells from papio hamadryas and macaca arctoides.immunophenotypical characteristics of primate cells were studied by enzyme immunoassay and flow cytofluorometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human b- and t-lymphocyte antigens. specific features of immunophenotype of cultured cells were detected. simian lymphoid cultures consist of a mixture of b- and t-cells with mosaic antigenic structure expressing markers of b and t cell specificity.200415273772
a potential aphrodisiac for female macaques.earlier studies suggest that alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists and dopamine receptor agonists may enhance sexual activity in human and nonhuman male primates. it is not known whether these compounds influence the sexual behavior of female primates. we determined whether the administration of a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist (atipamezole), a dopamine receptor agonist (apomorphine), or their combination to female macaca arctoides (stumptail macaque) monkeys produces changes in sexual behav ...200415388293
gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (cetrorelix) therapy fails to protect nonhuman primates (macaca arctoides) from radiation-induced spermatogenic failure.treatment of men of reproductive age with radiation or alkylating agents often produces prolonged azoospermia. we previously demonstrated that suppression of testosterone (t) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) analogs restored spermatogenesis following atrophy induced by radiation or chemotherapy in rats. this study tested whether gnrh antagonist therapy could reverse radiation-induced testicular injury in primates with a similar protocol. adult male stump-tailed macaques were given eith ...200515713828
in vitro and in vivo study of octacosanol metabolism.policosanol is a mixture of very-long-chain aliphatic alcohols purified from sugar cane wax with cholesterol-lowering effects, whose main component is octacosanol. scarce data about the metabolism of octacosanol and the other fatty alcohols composing policosanol have been published.200515847942
frequency of stages of the seminiferous cycle in the thick-tailed bush baby (otolemur garnetti), a prosimian primate: possible phylogenetic implications?spermatogenesis in the thick-tailed bush baby, otolemur garnetti, was studied using light microscopy. the stages and stage frequencies of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium were determined using semithin sections stained with methylene blue-azure ii. these sections were obtained from the testes of six healthy adult males (n = 6). they revealed 11 stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in this species. the mean relative frequencies of the stages i-xi were 10.9, 6.0, 5.9, 7.3, 13.2, 10. ...200515895272
full-genome analysis of a highly divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 strain in macaca arctoides.full-genome sequencing and analysis of the highly divergent simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (stlv-1) strain marb43 in macaca arctoides indicated that its open reading frame structure is compatible with proper functioning of its gag, pol, env, tax and rex proteins. detailed analysis of the coding potential, however, revealed that marb43 is probably forced to use the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 2/stlv-2 env-tax-rex splice-acceptor homologue and that the proximal px auxiliary prote ...200515958673
endocrine changes in male stumptailed macaques (macaca arctoides) as a response to odor stimulation with vaginal secretions.in mammalian species, social chemosignals are important in modulating endocrine reproductive functions. in nonhuman primates, previous studies have described a high frequency of mounting behavior by females in the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. stumptailed macaque females do not signal receptivity by means of sexual swellings, as do others macaques, therefore providing a good model in which to study chemical signaling of reproductive status. we exposed anesthetized s ...200616005001
vascular endothelial growth factor trap suppresses ovarian function at all stages of the luteal phase in the macaque.fertility is dependent on a functioning corpus luteum, the formation of which is associated with intense angiogenesis. the role of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), in luteal function has yet to be defined in primates.200516046580
the use of honey as a topical dressing to treat a large, devitalized wound in a stumptail macaque (macaca arctoides).there are many reasons wounds are managed as open wounds rather than by primary closure. indications include gross contamination, infection, and skin loss leading to insufficient adjacent tissue for wound closure. the most common method of managing an open wound is with wet-to-dry dressings. wet-to-dry dressings provide mechanical debridement and promote the movement of viscous exudates away from the wound. wet-to-dry bandages ideally are changed every 12 to 24 h. for nonhuman primates, it is de ...200516050668
protective effect of policosanol on atherosclerotic plaque on aortas in monkeys.policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug isolated from sugar cane wax with concomitant antiplatelet effects. previous studies have shown that policosanol prevents lipofundin-induced atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits and rats, including foam cell formation, as well as the development of foam cells in carrageenan-induced granulomas in rats. policosanol also inhibits smooth muscle cells proliferation induced on rabbit cuffed artery and on forceps-induced arterial wall damage. furthermore, polico ...200516099319
the effects of caretaker-primate relationships on primates in the laboratory.as contact with caretakers is likely to make up the majority of human-primate interactions in laboratories, caretakers represent an important influence in the lives of captive primates. the aim of this study was to determine how caretaker-primate relationships affected the behavior of primates in the laboratory. we examined whether stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides) who were evaluated by caretakers as being either friendly or unfriendly differed in the quality and quantity of interactions ...200216221081
melioidosis in imported non-human primates.in 1969, five cases of melioidosis in three separate outbreaks were diagnosed in nonhuman primates in the united states. in the first outbreak, two stump-tailed macaque monkeys (macaca arctoides) developed signs of the disease approximately 6 months after purchase. a third animal, a chimpanzee (pan troglodytes), probably acquired its infection from one of these monkeys. two other unrelated cases involving a pig-tailed monkey (macaca nemestrina) and a rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) were diagnosed ...197016512115
las islas de los changos (the monkey islands): the economic impact of ecotourism in the region of los tuxtlas, veracruz, mexico.this study evaluates the popularity and economic impact of las islas de los changos (the monkey islands) as an ecotourism site on lake catemaco in the los tuxtlas region of veracruz, mexico. two small island colonies of exotic primates, stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides), have proved to be highly beneficial for the local economy as the main attraction for tourists in this region. from july 1991 to june 1992, data were collected on the number of tourists who took boat trips to visit the primat ...200616541437
searching beneath the shelf in macaque monkeys: evidence for a gravity bias or a foraging bias?the reasons underpinning search biases in 2 species of macaque monkeys (macaca mulatta and macaca arctoides) were explored over the course of 3 experiments requiring monkeys to search for a hidden food reward. the results reveal that monkeys are adept at exploiting perceptual cues to locate a food reward but are unable to use physical constraints such as solidity as cues to the reward's location. monkeys prefer to search for a food reward beneath a solid shelf, not because they have an expectati ...200616893269
video-induced yawning in stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides).this study reports the first experimental exploration of possible contagious yawning in monkeys. twenty-two stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides) were presented with video clips of either yawns or control mouth movements by conspecifics. at a group level, monkeys yawned significantly more often during and just after the yawn tape than the control tape. supplementary analysis revealed that the yawn tape also elicited significantly more self-directed scratching responses than the control tape, whi ...200617148320
breast cancer in intraductal carcinogen-treated non-human primates.eight female macaca arctoides monkeys were given dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba) directly into the milk ducts. during a 4-year observation period, ending with euthanasia and autopsy, no mammary cancers were noticed. however, one animal developed a superficial localized squamous cell carcinoma. dmba is highly carcinogenic in rodents, e.g. producing a high incidence of breast cancer in c3h mice. it was concluded that carcinogenicity testing should be extended beyond testing in rodents to non-human p ...200418084884
sleep characterization of a one-month-old freely moving stumptail macaque (macaca arctoides): a pilot study.electroencephalographic (eeg) activity during both human and adult primates' sleep has been proven to be similar and consequently, it could be assessed under similar parameters. however, there is no information regarding this eeg activity in the early stages of development in non-human primates. therefore, the aim of this study was to describe eeg sleep patterns in a 1-month-old macaca arctoides with a non-invasive and free-movement method. sleep stages were initially scored using the criteria o ...200919470081
phylogeny of the macaques (cercopithecidae: macaca) based on alu elements.genus macaca (cercopithecidae: papionini) is one of the most successful primate radiations. despite previous studies on morphology and mitochondrial dna analysis, a number of issues regarding the details of macaque evolution remain unsolved. alu elements are a class of non-autonomous retroposons belonging to short interspersed elements that are specific to the primate lineage. because retroposon insertions show very little homoplasy, and because the ancestral state (absence of the sine) is known ...200919497354
social relationships in free-ranging male macaca arctoides.macaque social relationships differ greatly between species. based on captive studies that focus mainly on females, researchers have classified stumptail macaque (macaca arctoides) social relationships as tolerant, as indicated by a high rate of affiliation, frequent aggression, and symmetrical conflicts. to accumulate more data on male social relationships, which are relatively understudied, and to generate comparative data, we investigated male social relationships in a provisioned group of 68 ...200919644554
environmental enrichment for captive stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides).the behavior of animals is modified by captivity. environmental enrichment (ee) is a program designed to enhance the welfare of confined animals by providing them with a more stimulating background. this is carried out by the implementation of a series of activities that encourages them to present behaviors typical of their species, as well as keeps them active. the aim of this study was the evaluation of the influence of the ee in the behavioral variables in a colony of 24 stumptail macaques (m ...201019878431
thyroid receptor agonists for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.a thyroid hormone receptor beta subtype-selective thyromimetic 5 was found to be efficacious in both mouse and monkey hair growth models after topical applications. it penetrates the skin according to the test in human cadaver skin mounted onto franz diffusion chambers. the serum drug level of 5 is below the limit of quantification during tests in the bald stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides). it is tested negative in the 3t3 neutral red uptake (nru) phototoxicity test, indicating a low risk ...201019900809
novelty-seeking temperament in captive stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides) and spider monkeys (ateles geoffroyi).novelty-seeking temperament is defined as the reaction to novel or risk situations and objects, and by the global disposition to explore such stimuli. our purpose was to describe and compare this trait in primates. for this purpose, a risk-taking index, a curiosity index, and a novelty-seeking index were correlated to several biosocial variables using 22 captive stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides) and 7 captive spider monkeys (ateles geoffroyi). spider monkeys scored higher than macaques, male ...201020476821
trim5 suppresses cross-species transmission of a primate immunodeficiency virus and selects for emergence of resistant variants in the new species.simian immunodeficiency viruses of sooty mangabeys (sivsm) are the source of multiple, successful cross-species transmissions, having given rise to hiv-2 in humans, sivmac in rhesus macaques, and sivstm in stump-tailed macaques. cellular assays and phylogenetic comparisons indirectly support a role for trim5alpha, the product of the trim5 gene, in suppressing interspecies transmission and emergence of retroviruses in nature. here, we investigate the in vivo role of trim5 directly, focusing on tr ...201020808775
estrogen receptor and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor in the primate ovary.we have previously shown by immunocytochemistry and autoradiography the presence of estrogen receptors (er) in rhesus monkey ovary. intense chromogen staining showed specific binding for er in nuclei of germinal epithelium and granulosa cells of antral follicles; and radiolabeled ligand bound specifically to functional corpora lutea (cl). although it is accepted that the germinal epithelium of the primate ovary contains er, some controversy still persists regarding the intraovarian localization ...199621153083
[identification of the trim5/trimcyp heterozygous genotype in macaca assamensis].the lack of appropriate animal models that utilizes hiv-1 as the challenge virus is a major impediment to hiv/aids research. a major reason underlying the inability of hiv-1 to replicate in nonhuman primate cells is the existence of host antiviral restriction factors. the intrinsic antiviral proteins in host cells are described as restriction factors. the understanding of restriction factors and their mechanism in different primates would undoubtedly facilitate the development of hiv/aids animal ...201121341383
cross-species amplification of human microsatellite markers in pig-tailed and stump-tailed macaques. 201121677413
fructosamine reference ranges in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).naturally occurring diabetes mellitus (dm) is common in several species of old and new world nonhuman primates. fructosamine values provide important information about recent glycemic control and can be useful in the diagnosis and management of dm. however, despite an abundance of reports in the literature describing spontaneous and induced dm in monkeys, few reference ranges are available for fructosamine. reference ranges have been published for woolly monkeys (lagothrix lagotricha), cynomolgu ...201121838972
does alzheimer's disease exist in all primates? alzheimer pathology in non-human primates and its pathophysiological implications (ii).introduction: in the ageing process there are some species of non-human primates which can show some of the defining characteristics of the alzheimer's disease (ad) of man, both in neuropathological changes and cognitive-behavioural symptoms. the study of these species is of prime importance to understand ad and develop therapies to combat this neurodegenerative disease. development: in this second part of the study, these ad features are discussed in the most important non-experimental ad model ...201121871692
the evolution of "egalitarian" and "despotic" social systems among macaques.recent studies of captive macaques have revealed considerable inter-species differences in dominance styles among females. in "egalitarian" species such as stumptail (macaca arctoides) or tonkean macaques (m. tonkeana), social interactions are more symmetrical and less kin-biased than in "despotic" species such as japanese (m. fuscata) or rhesus macaques (m. mulatta). field observations of moor macaques (m. maurus), close relatives of tonkean macaques, suggest that tolerance during feeding chara ...199923179529
births in captive stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides).in this report, nighttime births of 3 stump-tailed macaques observed at the aizawl zoological park, india, are described. continuous focal observations were collected a long with video and still photographs, on the 3 parturitions, from the first observed onset of labour. the average time taken for infant birth, beginning with visibility of the head at the vaginal opening, was 45 s. the births observed were similar in many respects, regardless of parity and social context. the average time taken ...201324037229
identification of mhc class i sequences in four species of macaca of china.tibetan macaques (macaca thibetana), stump-tailed macaques (m. arctoides), assamese macaques (m. assamensis), and northern pig-tailed macaques (m. leonina) are four major species of macaca in china. in order to effectively use these species in biomedical research, thorough investigations of their mhc immunogenetics are required. in this study, we identified mhc class i sequences using cdna cloning and sequencing on a cohort of six m. thibetana, three m. arctoides, three m. assamensis, and three ...201324045838
effects of age and sex on the hematology and blood chemistry of tibetan macaques (macaca thibetana).tibetan macaques (macaca thibetana), also known as chinese stump-tailed macaques, are a threatened primate species. although tibetan macaques are old world monkeys in the genus of macaca, limited age- and sex-related physiologic data are available for this particular species. we used 69 apparently healthy tibetan male and female macaques to explore the effect of age and sex on physiologic parameters. somatometric measurements, biochemistry, and hematologic parameters were analyzed. significant a ...201424411774
local and landscape correlates of primate distribution and persistence in the remnant lowland rainforests of the upper brahmaputra valley, northeastern india.habitat fragmentation affects species distribution and abundance, and drives extinctions. escalated tropical deforestation and fragmentation have confined many species populations to habitat remnants. how worthwhile is it to invest scarce resources in conserving habitat remnants within densely settled production landscapes? are these fragments fated to lose species anyway? if not, do other ecological, anthropogenic, and species-related factors mitigate the effect of fragmentation and offer conse ...201424471780
effect of photoperiod on characteristics of semen obtained by electroejaculation in stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides).some environmental variables determining seasonal reproduction in mammals are temperature, humidity, food availability, and photoperiod. among these, photoperiod is considered the main regulator of primates' seasonal reproduction, thus the latitudinal distribution of primate populations is a key factor determining the appearance of seasonal reproduction. the present work presents supporting discrete seasonality in male stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides). we investigated whether semen quali ...201424585247
male tibetan macaques'(macaca thibetana) choice of infant bridging partners.adult male tibetan (macaca thibetana), barbary (m. sylvanus), and stump-tailed macaques (m. arctoides) engage in bridging, a ritualized infant-handling behavior. previous researchers found a bias toward the use of male infants for this behavior, but its function is debated. explanations include three hypotheses: paternal care, mating effort, and agonistic buffering. we studied a group of habituated, provisioned tibetan macaques to test whether adult males' affiliative relationships with females ...201424866493
self and social grooming in stump-tailed macaques: effects of kin presence or absence within the group.the relation between individual self and social-grooming scores, asaessingthe effects of having or lacking relatives within the group, was studied in a colony of stump-tailed macaques (macacaarctoides). as it has been shown by other authors, kinship favoured grooming interactions, so animals lacking relatives wen seldom mom as groomees. conversely, these subjects accounted for the major mounts of self-grooming, as if they were surmounting the social grooming deficit. this negative relationship b ...198924897669
intra- and interspecific variation in macaque molar enamel thickness.enamel thickness has played an important role in studies of primate taxonomy, phylogeny, and functional morphology, although its variation among hominins is poorly understood. macaques parallel hominins in their widespread geographic distribution, relative range of body sizes, and radiation during the last five million years. to explore enamel thickness variation, we quantified average and relative enamel thickness (aet and ret) in macaca arctoides, macaca fascicularis, macaca fuscata, macaca mu ...201425146639
the complete mitochondrial genome of stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides).stump-tailed macaque (macaca arctoides) has been enlisted as the near threatened species in the iucn red list. in this study, the complete mitochondial genome of m. arctoides was determined. the mitogenome was 16,559 bp in length with an a + t content of 56.8%, containing 2 ribosomal rna genes (rrna), 22 transfer rna genes (trna), 13 protein-coding genes (pcgs) and a control region (d-loop). ten protein-coding genes (nd1, cox1, cox2, nd4, cox3, nd4l, atp8, atp6, cytb, nd6) started with atg codon ...201625242181
a historical perspective: simian aids-an accidental windfall.for the past 30 years, simian aids has provided an indispensible animal model for the human disease. this historical perspective highlights the circumstances leading to the creation of this experimental model.201627640332
speech-like orofacial oscillations in stump-tailed macaque (macaca arctoides) facial and vocal signals.speech is unique to humans and characterized by facial actions of ∼5 hz oscillations of lip, mouth or jaw movements. lip-smacking, a facial display of primates characterized by oscillatory actions involving the vertical opening and closing of the jaw and lips, exhibits stable 5-hz oscillation patterns, matching that of speech, suggesting that lip-smacking is a precursor of speech. we tested if facial or vocal actions exhibiting the same rate of oscillation are found in wide forms of facial or vo ...201728681947
annual variations in sexual hormones and births' frequency in female stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides).although the breeding seasonality in macaca arctoides have been studied over a long period of time, it is still controversial whether reproduction in this primate tend to increase during certain months of the year as it happens in most of the macaque species. many authors have classified macaca arctoides as not being seasonal species. nonetheless, there were no reports, about seasonal variations of female sexual hormones to demonstrate that asseveration. therefore, in the present study we collec ...201829227912
molecular cytogenetic analysis of one african and five asian macaque species reveals identical karyotypes as in mandrill.the question how evolution and speciation work is one of the major interests of biology. especially, genetic including karyotypic evolution within primates is of special interest due to the close phylogenetic position of macaca and homo sapiens and the role as in vivo models in medical research, neuroscience, behavior, pharmacology, reproduction and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).201829606908
ancient hybridization and admixture in macaques (genus macaca) inferred from whole genome sequences.the evolutionary history of the stump-tailed macaque (macaca arctoides) and its genetic relationship to other macaques is a subject of continuing controversy. here, we have reported the first genome sequences of two stump-tailed macaques and one assamese macaque (m. assamensis). additionally, we have investigated the genetic diversity between macaque species and analyzed ancient hybridization events. genome-wide analyses demonstrated that the stump-tailed macaque is more closely related to sinic ...201829614345
macaca arctoides gammaherpesvirus 1 (strain herpesvirus macaca arctoides): virus sequence, phylogeny and characterisation of virus-transformed macaque and rabbit cell lines.herpesvirus macaca arctoides (hvma) has the propensity to transform macaque lymphocytes to lymphoblastoid cells (mal-1). inoculation of rabbits with cell-free virus-containing supernatant resulted in the development of malignant lymphomas and allowed isolation of immortalised hvma-transformed rabbit lymphocytes (htrl). in this study, the hvma genome sequence (approx. 167 kbp), its organisation, and novel aspects of virus latency are presented. ninety-one open reading frames were identified, of w ...201930291474
sperm concentration, coagulum weight, and testosterone levels differences according to social rank in male stump-tail macaques (macaca arctoides).in multi-female multi-male group-living species, both sexes can copulate with diverse partners. according to the priority of access model, high-ranking males have higher access to females during their fertile phases than the lower-ranking competitors. however, when females' ovarian cycles are synchronized, dominant males are unable to monopolize all females, which gives a chance to lower ranking males to sporadically copulate and increase their likelihood to fertilize a female. therefore, subord ...201930388471
locomotor kinematics of two semi-wild macaque species (macaca assamensis and macaca arctoides) in thailand.this project aimed to investigate primate locomotor kinematics noninvasively in the wild. semi-wild assamese and stump-tailed macaques were selected for the study, which was performed in thailand. we investigated their locomotor kinematics and its relationship to habitat use. the macaques' positional behavior was recorded with two video cameras, and kinematic parameters were estimated during terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion, using the markerless method. the data analyzed so far revealed that s ...201930870840
behavioral characterization of sleep in stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides) in exterior captivity by means of high-sensitivity videorecording.there are reasons to consider incomplete the description of sleep in many non-human primate species. recording animals by highly sensitive videos to obtain detailed descriptions of nighttime behavior and evidence of muscle activity while in a resting posture, seems a promising approach to the non-invasive study of sleep in non-human primates. the present work describes the use of ultrasensitive videocameras to record and analyze spontaneous nighttime behaviors in captive non-human primates. its ...199531924091
a twenty-one-year study of maternal dominance and secondary sex ratio in a colony group of stumptailed macaques (macaca arctoides).trivers and willard's theory of sex-ratio adjustment, as applied to cercopithecines, predicts that the ratio of male to female offspring will be greater for dominant than for subordinate mothers. a local-resourcexyhcompetition hypothesis predicts the reverse. to date, results from several species of macaque are inconsistent and often not statistically significant. in this 21 year study, a colony group of stumptailed macaques is added to the species previously studied. seventy-five offspring were ...199431936913
mirror-induced social facilitation in stumptailed macaques (macaca arctoides).seven adult female stumptailed macaques (macaca arctoides) were confronted alternately with their reflection in a mirror and with the mirror covered. the reflection elicited significantly more visual attention and social responding than the control stimulus, replicating previous findings. mirror-image stimulation did not significantly affect the subjects' manipulation of unfamiliar objects, but it did increase bout-lengths of episodes of drinking from a bottle containing orange juice. possible e ...199131948184
a twenty-year study of long-term and temporary dominance relations among stumptailed macaques (macaca arctoides).consistent individual differences in long-term dominance are a basic underlying assumption of hypotheses linking dominance and reproductive success. long-term and temporary dominance of a colony group of stumptailed macaques was studied for 20 years. there were two variously constituted groups for the first 4 years and a single group for the last 16. stumptails displayed the matrilineal dominance organization found for several other cercopithecine species. a method was devised to standardize ran ...198931964015
social interactions following parturition in stumptail macaques.the social behavior of six female stumptail macaques (macaca arctoides) living in a social group of 23-29 individuals was monitored before and after parturition and was compared to the social interactions of six nonpregnant females. pregnant and control females did not differ in terms of affiliative and most types of agonistic behavior performed or received. after parturition, new mothers interacted with more group members than did control females. new mothers received more grooming initiations ...198831968892
wounding patterns in three species of captive macaques.the incidence of wounding in captive groups of rhesus (macaca mulatta), pigtail (m. nemestrina), and stumptail (m. arctoides) macaques was studied for 21 months. groups were monitored daily for evidence of wounding. wounded animals were captured, treated by veterinary staff, and returned following recovery. records were kept on the age, sex, and species of the recipient, along with the type and location of wound. in each species of macaque, adult males incurred the highest frequency of wounds an ...198831973451
baculum length and copulatory behavior in primates.the length of the baculum (os penis) was measured in 74 adult males representing 46 primate species. these data, and a review of previously published measurements, indicate that variation in baculum length among primates is related to taxonomic and behavioral differences. thus, many new world monkeys have shorter bacula, relative to body weight, than old world monkeys. the baculum is shorter in colobine monkeys than in cercopithecines. among the great apes, reduction of the baculum is more prono ...198731973483
the stumptail macaques of china.the stumptail macaque species macaca thibetana and macaca arctoides replace one another from north to south in subtropical and tropical china. these species differ in external and cranial characters. neonatal pelage color is pale grayish-brown in m. thibetana and whitish in m. arctoides. in adults, ventral pelage is whitish in m. thibetana and brown in m. arctoides. the forehead and cheeks are thickly furred in adult m. thibetana and bald in m. arctoides. facial skin color typically is sexually ...198531986825
venipuncture and vaginal swabbing in an enclosure occupied by a mixed-sex group of stumptailed macaques (macaca arctoides).procedures are described for vaginal swabbing and venipuncture in a gang-caged, mixed-sex group of stumptailed macaques. the design of the gang cages facilitated venipuncture and swabbing which were done without undue disturbance of the vivarium routine, without seriously stressing colony members, and without interfering with the monkeys' established social relationships.198231995904
the effectiveness of sampling methods in detecting copulatory behavior in macaca arctoides.the copulatory behavior of a social group of 18 stumptail macaques was observed for 171 hours over a period of 5 months. the occurrence of copulation and several quantitative measures of copulation were compared using sampling periods of 2 hours daily and continuous dawn-to-dusk observation. in this environment copulation was found to occur in brief bouts of relatively short duration. copulation was detected on 34% of the days observed with 2 hr sampling and 100% of the days with dtd sampling. t ...198131995908
a statistical analysis of the social behavior of the male stumptail macaque (macaca arctoides).the social behavior of male stumptail macaques was analyzed in terms of behavioral sequences recorded during paired encounters in a large test cage. recurrent patterns of behavioral sequences were sought and used to hypothesize the structure of motivational systems of social behavior as has been done previously for other species. in addition to traditional statistical analyses to determine which dyadic behavioral sequences were nonrandom, there were several methodological innovations. instead of ...198232192238
dominance status and copulatory vocalizations among male stump-tailed macaques in thailand.male copulation calls sometimes play important roles in sexual strategies, attracting conspecific females or advertising their social status to conspecific males. these calls generally occur in sexually competitive societies such as harem groups and multi-male and multi-female societies. however, the call functions remain unclear because of limited availability of data sets that include a large number of male and female animals in naturalistic environments, particularly in primates. here, we exa ...202032318928
efficacy of camera traps in detecting primates in hue saola nature reserve.camera trapping has been demonstrated to be an effective tool in surveying a suite of species, especially elusive mammals in rough terrains. the method has become increasingly common in primate surveys for both ground-dwelling and arboreal taxa in many tropical regions of the world. however, camera trapping has rarely been used to inventory primates in vietnam, although many species are under severe threats and in critical need of surveying for improved conservation measures. in this study, we e ...202032383126
correction to: dominance status and copulatory vocalizations among male stump-tailed macaques in thailand.in the original publication of the article the affiliations 1 and 3 were incorrectly published. the correct affiliations are given in this correction.202032447563
seroprevalence of dengue, zika, and chikungunya viruses in wild monkeys in thailand.zoonotic pathogens such as arboviruses have comprised a significant proportion of emerging infectious diseases in humans. the role of wildlife species as reservoirs for arboviruses is poorly understood, especially in endemic areas such as southeast asia. this study aims to determine the exposure history of different macaque species from national parks in thailand to mosquito-borne flaviviruses and alphavirus by testing the serum samples collected from 25 northern pigtailed macaques, 33 stump-tai ...202032588813
malaria parasites in macaques in thailand: stump-tailed macaques (macaca arctoides) are new natural hosts for plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium inui, plasmodium coatneyi and plasmodium fieldi.certain species of macaques are natural hosts of plasmodium knowlesi and plasmodium cynomolgi, which can both cause malaria in humans, and plasmodium inui, which can be experimentally transmitted to humans. a significant number of zoonotic malaria cases have been reported in humans throughout southeast asia, including thailand. there have been only two studies undertaken in thailand to identify malaria parasites in non-human primates in 6 provinces. the objective of this study was to determine t ...202033004070
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