Publications

imidazenil prevention of alprazolam-induced acquisition deficit in patas monkeys is devoid of tolerance.	the partial allosteric modulators (pams) of gamma-aminobutyric acid-gated cl(-) current intensities at gamma-aminobutyric acid type a receptors have high affinity but low intrinsic efficacy on benzodiazepine recognition sites. unlike the full allosteric modulators (fam), like alprazolam, triazolam, and diazepam, pams are virtually devoid of unwanted side effects, including tolerance. imidazenil (imd) is a pam that elicits potent anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions in rodents and nonhuman prima ...	2000	10696114
oxidative dna damage in fetal tissues after transplacental exposure to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt).	the nucleoside analogue 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) has been used successfully to reduce the incidence of transplacental and perinatal transmission of the hiv virus. however, prolonged treatment with high doses of azt is utilized in this therapy, and azt has been found to be a perinatal carcinogen in mice. any possible perinatal carcinogenic side effects in the human can best be managed if the mechanism is understood. azt targets mitochondria and might cause increased intracellular producti ...	2000	10783333
dna adducts of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) in fetal tissues of patas monkeys after transplacental exposure.	transplacental genotoxicity of the heterocyclic amine food-derived mutagen/carcinogen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) has been investigated by (32)p-postlabeling assay for iq-dna adducts in maternal liver, placenta, and several fetal tissues of patas monkeys, after exposure to 15, 35, or 50 mg/kg iq near the end of gestation or to the highest dose in the first or second trimester. dose-dependent adduct formation occurred in all tissues, with the highest levels occurring in maternal ...	2000	10906279
fetal patas monkeys sustain mitochondrial toxicity as a result of in utero zidovudine exposure.	mitochondrial toxicity was examined in near-term fetuses of pregnant erythrocebus patas monkeys given human equivalent doses of 3'-azido-3'deoxythymidine (azt) during the second half of gestation. pregnant monkeys were dosed daily with 10 or 40 mg azt, equivalent to about 21% and 86% of the daily azt dose (500 mg) given to hiv-1-positive pregnant women to prevent maternal-fetal virus transmission. the fetal tissues examined include heart and skeletal muscle, which have high energy requirements, ...	2000	11131713
fetal mitochondrial heart and skeletal muscle damage in erythrocebus patas monkeys exposed in utero to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.	3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) is given to pregnant women positive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) to reduce maternal-fetal viral transmission. to explore fetal mitochondrial consequences of this exposure, pregnant erythrocebus patas monkeys were given daily doses of 1.5 mg (21% of the human daily dose) and 6.0 mg (86% of the human daily dose) of azt/kg body weight (bw), for the second half of gestation. at term, electron microscopy of fetal cardiac and skeletal muscle show ...	2000	10791874
conservation in decay accelerating factor (daf) structure among primates.	the decay accelerating factor (daf, cd55) protects self cells from activation of autologous complement on their surfaces. it functions to disable the c3 convertases, the central amplification enzymes of the cascade. its active site(s) are contained within four approximately 60 amino acid long units, termed complement control protein repeats (ccps), which are suspended above the cell surface on a 68 amino acid long serine/threonine (s/t)-rich cushion that derives from three exons. we previously p ...	2000	10906393
genotoxic and functional consequences of transplacental zidovudine exposure in fetal monkey brain mitochondria.	mitochondrial toxicity was assessed in the brains of developing erythrocebus patas monkey fetuses exposed in utero to the nucleoside analogue drug zidovudine (3'-azido-3'deoxythymidine or azt). pregnant e. patas monkeys were given 0 (n = 5), 10 (n = 3), and 40 (n = 3) mg of azt/day, equivalent to 21 and 86% of the human daily dose, for the last half (about 10 weeks) of gestation. mitochondria were isolated from fetal cerebrum and cerebellum at birth and mitochondrial morphology was examined in t ...	2000	10935684
wise fool left hussars for career in science admin		2000	10949275
preliminary lack of evidence for simian odour preferences of savanna populations of anopheles gambiae and other malaria vectors.	the behavioural response to several culicine and anopheline mosquitoes to the odour of alternative hosts (human vs monkey) arranged in a choice set-up using odour-baited entry traps (obets) was assessed in a field experiment in south-eastern senegal. the experimental protocol followed procedures analogous to those adopted in olfactometer laboratory tests. two adult cercopithecus aethiops and a child of similar mass slept inside separate tents and their odours were drawn to each one of two paired ...	2001	12402527
chronic stavudine exposure induces hepatic mitochondrial toxicity in adult erythrocebus patas monkeys.	to understand the mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the lactic acidosis and hepatic steatosis seen in some hiv-1-infected individuals after long-term stavudine (d4t) exposure, we have explored mitochondrial integrity in adult monkeys (erythrocebus patas) given a daily human equivalent dose of d4t for 78 days.	2001	12082400
in patas monkey, glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 and reelin mrna coexpression varies in a manner dependent on layers and cortical areas.	in nonhuman and human primates, reelin immunoreactivity is expressed consistently in gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-ergic interneurons of the three upper cortical layers (impagnatiello et al. [1998] proc. natl. acad. sci. u s a 95:15718-15723; rodriguez et al. [2000] proc. natl. acad. sci. u s a 97:3550-3555). to understand in detail the pattern of reelin synthesis in gabaergic interneurons of primate neocortex, a quantitative analysis of reelin and of glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (gad(67)) mr ...	2002	12210139
metabolism and pharmacokinetics of n'-nitrosonornicotine in the patas monkey.	n'-nitrosonornicotine (nnn) is present in significant quantities in tobacco and tobacco smoke and is believed to play an important role as a cause of cancer in people who use tobacco products. biomarkers of nnn uptake in humans such as urinary metabolites would be useful for assessing cancer risk. previous studies, carried out almost exclusively in rodents, have characterized urinary metabolites of nnn, but none of these would be suitable as a biomarkers of nnn uptake in humans. therefore, we st ...	2002	12228188
transplacental genotoxicity of combined antiretroviral nucleoside analogue therapy in erythrocebus patas monkeys.	antiretroviral nucleoside analogue drugs are a major constituent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart), the most advanced form of treatment for hiv-1 infection. currently, haart combinations that include zidovudine (zdv) and lamivudine (3tc) are highly effective in preventing hiv-1 vertical transmission; most children are born with no evident adverse clinical effects. however, zdv is a moderately strong transplacental carcinogen in mice, and potential long-term consequences of fetal ex ...	2002	11917235
morphological alterations in neurons forming corticocortical projections in the neocortex of aged patas monkeys.	recent studies indicate that the cognitive processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex, such as working memory, are impaired during normal aging. these disturbances in cortical function may be a consequence of abnormalities in neocortical circuits, even though the numbers of cortical neurons are preserved in normal aging. we performed retrograde tract-tracing of cortical projections connecting the temporal cortex to the prefrontal cortex in combination with dye-filling and three-dimensional neur ...	2002	11750991
age-related changes in glur2 and nmdar1 glutamate receptor subunit protein immunoreactivity in corticocortically projecting neurons in macaque and patas monkeys.	a distinct subpopulation of neurons forming long corticocortical projections in the association neocortex is highly vulnerable to the degenerative process in alzheimer's disease. however, the degree to which age-related molecular and morphologic alterations of identifiable neuronal populations reflects early cellular degeneration leading to functional deficits has not yet been fully investigated in the aging brain. we performed an immunohistochemical analysis of neurons forming short and long co ...	2002	11844485
comparison of responses to alarm calls by patas (erythrocebus patas) and vervet (cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys in relation to habitat structure.	we studied responses to alarm calls of sympatric patas (erythrocebus patas) and vervet (cercopithecus aethiops) monkeys in relation to habitat structure, with the intention of understanding the relationship between the environment and predator avoidance. patas and vervet monkeys are phylogenetically closely related and overlap in body size. however, while patas monkeys are restricted to nonriverine habitats at our study site, vervets use both nonriverine and riverine habitats, allowing us to "va ...	2002	12209569
life-history parameters of a wild group of west african patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas patas).	based on long-term, although intermittent, observations (2 years 4 months of 14 years), we present data on birth seasonality, age at first birth, interbirth intervals, mortality rates, age at first emigration, and population change of a wild population of west african patas monkeys ( etythrocebus patas patas) in northern cameroon. birth season was from the end of december until the middle of february, corresponding to the mid-dry season. in spite of large body size, the patas females had the ear ...	2003	12721784
cercopithecine y-chromosome data provide a test of competing morphological evolutionary hypotheses.	we report here the results of the first molecular evolutionary analysis to include members of all 10 extant genera of cercopithecine monkeys. a total of 44 individuals were surveyed for approximately 2.2 kb of the testis-specific protein, y-chromosome (tspy). the tspy sequences were subjected to parsimony analyses in paup 4.0, followed by tree comparison tests designed to assess existing morphological hypotheses of cercopithecine evolution. the results of these tests show that the present y-chro ...	2003	12742755
difference in food selection between patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and tantalus monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops tantalus) in kala maloue national park, cameroon, in relation to nutrient content.	phytochemical or nutrient analyses of primate diets have revealed clues to their food selection in a single species. on the other hand, few interspecific comparisons of phytochemical or nutrient composition of primate diets have been made, although diets are considered to differ in phytochemical or nutrient content from primate species to species, since different species have different body weights and different morphological and physiological characteristics. i compared the nutrient content of ...	2003	12548330
long-term study of the social dynamics of patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas): group male supplanting and changes to the multi-male situation.	data on social changes in patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) groups were collected to clarify the general characteristics of male supplantation and to evaluate the overall role of supplanting in patas society. seven patas groups were observed in kala maloue national park, northern cameroon for 11 years. analysis of this data revealed that social change, such as male supplanting, was restricted to the mating season. male supplanting occurred in the course of outsider males seeking to gain access t ...	2003	12687473
comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine and medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam in patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas).	the cardiorespiratory effects, effectiveness, and reversibility of two injectable anesthetic combinations were compared in captive patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas). seven patas monkeys were hand-injected with medetomidine (40 microg/kg, i.m.), butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg. i.m.), and ketamine (3.0 mg/kg. i.m.), and seven were injected with the same dosages of medetomidine and butorphanol plus midazolam (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.). heart rates decreased in monkeys in both treatment groups and were lower than t ...	2003	12723799
mitochondrial toxicity in fetal erythrocebus patas monkeys exposed transplacentally to zidovudine plus lamivudine.	this study was designed to investigate fetal mitochondrial toxicity in erythrocebus patas monkeys exposed in utero to zidovudine (azt) and lamivudine (3tc), and taken at term. pregnant patas monkeys were given a daily dose of 40 mg azt (86% of the human daily dose, based on body weight), for the last 10 weeks (50%) of gestation, and a daily dose of 24 mg 3tc (84% of the human daily dose, based on body weight) for the last 4 weeks of gestation. at term, azt was found to be incorporated into fetal ...	2004	15000702
microhabitat preference and vertical use of space by patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in relation to predation risk and habitat structure.	habitat structure can be important in determining habitat preference of animals because it is often closely linked to factors that affect survival and reproduction, such as food availability and predation risk. here we examine the ways in which microhabitat structure and predation risk affect the habitat preference of wild patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas). patas monkeys in kenya are typically restricted to acacia drepanolobium habitat, but within our study group's home range, there are two dis ...	2004	15010579
the introduced free-ranging rhesus and patas monkey populations of southwestern puerto rico.	rhesus (macaca mulatta) and patas (erythrocebus patas) monkeys escaped to the mainland of southwestern puerto rico (swpr) from research colonies on small offshore islands during the 1960s and through 1982. a three year study (1990-1993) combined radio-telemetry with visual observations to collect information on population sizes, the composition of social groups, their daily movements, and their home ranges. two populations of rhesus monkeys were identified in swpr: one within the study area in s ...	2004	15125218
genetic substructuring within oesophagostomum bifurcum (nematoda) from human and non-human primates from ghana based on random amplified polymorphic dna analysis.	random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) was used to study genetic variation within oesophagostomum bifurcum in ghana. four different decamer primers were used for the amplification of dna from individual o. bifurcum adults (n = 41) from humans and non-human primates (including the mona monkey, patas monkey and olive baboon) from different geographic regions. analysis of the amplicons from all 41 nematodes by high resolution, denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis defined a total of 326 in ...	2004	15306716
coexisting tricuspid valve dysplasia and ventricular septal defect in a young patas monkey (erythrocebus patas).	a 1.5-kg, 6-mo-old male patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) was cyanotic and panting. evaluation of the heart by electrocardiography, thoracic radiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and doppler color-flow echocardiography revealed a ventricular septal defect (vsd) with right-to-left shunting as well as tricuspid valve dysplasia with dilated annulus of the tricuspid ring, dilated right atrium, dilated right ventricle, and deformity of the tricuspid valve. because of the severity of the card ...	2004	15732607
sex chromosome phylogenetics indicate a single transition to terrestriality in the guenons (tribe cercopithecini).	this is the first molecular study to trace the evolutionary transition in substrate preference across a primate radiation. we surveyed 20 guenons (tribe cercopithecini) and 4 outgroup taxa for two y-chromosomal genes, tspy ( approximately 2240 bp) and sry ( approximately 780 bp), and one x-chromosomal intergenic region ( approximately 1600 bp) homologous to a fragment of human xq13.3. parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of the sex chromosomal datasets consistently cluster the three terrest ...	2004	14871564
inter- and intra-specific gene-density-correlated radial chromosome territory arrangements are conserved in old world monkeys.	recently it has been shown that the gene-density correlated radial distribution of human 18 and 19 homologous chromosome territories (cts) is conserved in higher primates in spite of chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during evolution. however, these observations were limited to apes and new world monkey species. in order to provide further evidence for the evolutionary conservation of gene-density-correlated ct arrangements, we extended our previous study to old world monkeys. they compri ...	2005	15545738
reciprocal painting between humans, de brazza's and patas monkeys reveals a major bifurcation in the cercopithecini phylogenetic tree.	we report on reciprocal painting between humans and two cercopithecini species, erythrocebus patas (patas monkey) and cercopithecus neglectus (de brazza's monkey). both human and monkeys chromosome-specific probes were made by degenerate oligonucleotide primed pcr (dop-pcr) from flow sorted chromosomes. metaphases of both monkey species were first hybridized with human chromosome-specific probes and then human metaphases were hybridized with chromosome paints from each monkey species. the human ...	2005	15545727
cardiac mitochondrial compromise in 1-yr-old erythrocebus patas monkeys perinatally-exposed to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.	hearts from 1-yr-old erythrocebus patas monkeys were examined after in utero and 6-wk-postbirth exposure to antiretroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis). protocols were modeled on those given to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1-infected pregnant women. nrtis were administered daily to the dams for the last 20% or 50% of gestation, and to the infants for 6 wk after birth. exposures included: no drug (n = 4); zidovudine, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt; n = 4); azt/lamivu ...	2005	16244378
high resolution dna fingerprinting by aflp to study the genetic variation among oesophagostomum bifurcum (nematoda) from human and non-human primates from ghana.	an aflp approach was established to investigate genetic diversity within oesophagostomum bifurcum (order strongylida) from human and non-human primates. evaluation of different combinations of restriction enzymes (n = 8) and primers (n = 29) demonstrated that the use of hindiii/bglii digested templates and primers with the selective nucleotides + ag/ +ac, respectively, was the most effective for the analysis of o. bifurcum dna. a total of 63 o. bifurcum adults from human, patas monkey, mona monk ...	2005	15727072
cutting corners: the dynamics of turning behaviors in two primate species.	in an attempt to characterize more fully the variation in substrate reaction forces in the locomotor repertoire of primates, we recorded the forces involved in directional changes for two species. these are the first records of turning forces for vertebrate quadrupeds, much less primates. three ring-tailed lemurs and two patas monkeys performed turns of approximately 30 degrees as they crossed a force platform. the ring-tailed lemurs also turned on a horizontal branch-like support with a segment ...	2006	16481581
fetal ultrasonography: biometric data from four african primate species.	nonhuman primates are raised in large numbers in research centers and zoos. reproductive monitoring is required to improve breeding performances. ultrasonography is a safe method to determine gestational age and to estimate the date of parturition. however only few data are available in nonhuman primates.	2006	16430494
[the mammals of guinea as reservoirs and carriers of arboviruses].	a great body of data on the fauna and ecology of wild mammals and their participation in the circulation of arboviruses were collected when the ecology of the latter of the republic of guinea was studied in 1978 to 1989. a hundred and eighteen species belonging to 10 orders were identified. over 2,000 biological specimens were virologically and serologically examined. six arboviruses were isolated. these included dugbe virus (from the hussar monkey cercopithecus (erythrocebus patas) and 5 viruse ...	2006	16562748
evolution of an intronic microsatellite polymorphism in toll-like receptor 2 among primates.	nonhuman primates express varying responses to mycobacterium tuberculosis: new world monkeys appear to be resistant to tuberculosis (tb) while old world monkeys seem to be particularly susceptible. the aim of this study was to elucidate the presence of the regulatory guanine-thymine (gt) repeat polymorphisms in intron 2 of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) associated with the development of tb in humans and to determine any variations in these microsatellite polymorphisms in primates. we sequenced the ...	2006	16912902
variations in the structure of the prelunate gyrus in old world monkeys.	anatomical and electrophysiological studies have revealed a complex organization in the macaque prelunate gyrus. we investigated the morphology and architecture of the prelunate gyrus in old world monkeys. in macaca nemestrina, we observed a sulcus crossing the prelunate gyrus within 2 mm of the vertical meridian representation. in other macaque species and other cercopithecines, we observed substantial variations in sulcal morphology across the prelunate gyrus. we did not find a sulcus in all s ...	2006	16779809
a mobile element-based evolutionary history of guenons (tribe cercopithecini).	guenons (tribe cercopithecini) are a species-rich group of primates that have attracted considerable attention from both primatologists and evolutionary biologists. the complex speciation pattern has made the elucidation of their relationships a challenging task, and many questions remain unanswered. sines are a class of non-autonomous mobile elements and are essentially homoplasy-free characters with known ancestral states, making them useful genetic markers for phylogenetic studies.	2007	17266768
body mass distribution and gait mechanics in fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (cheirogaleus medius) and patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas).	most quadrupeds walk with lateral sequence (ls) gaits, where hind limb touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forelimb touchdowns. primates, however, typically walk with diagonal sequence (ds) gaits, where hind limb touchdowns are followed by contralateral forelimb touchdowns. because the use of ds gaits is nearly ubiquitous among primates, understanding gait selection in primates is critical to understanding primate locomotor evolution. the support polygon model [tomita, m., 1967. a study on th ...	2007	17512970
distribution and abundance of patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in laikipia, kenya, 1979-2004.	patas monkeys may be especially vulnerable to local extinction because they live in relatively small, female-philopatric groups at low densities and are strongly polygynous. we assessed a patas monkey population in kenya's 9,700 km(2) laikipia district over 25 years, using data collected in 1979-1981 and 1992-2004. the data were based on intensive observations of three study groups, "on the ground" counts, and surveys of laikipia residents. in 1979-1981, a minimum of 415 patas monkeys lived in 1 ...	2007	17397045
erythrocebus patas monkey offspring exposed perinatally to nrtis sustain skeletal muscle mitochondrial compromise at birth and at 1 year of age.	antiretroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis), given to human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected pregnant women to prevent vertical viral transmission, have caused mitochondrial dysfunction in some human infants. here, we examined mitochondrial integrity in skeletal muscle from offspring of pregnant retroviral-free erythrocebus patas dams administered human-equivalent nrti doses for the last 10 weeks of gestation or for 10 weeks of gestation and 6 weeks after birth. exposures ...	2007	17545213
ocular oxyspirurosis of primates in zoos: intermediate host, worm morphology, and probable origin of the infection in the moscow zoo.	over the last century, only two cases of ocular oxyspirurosis were recorded in primates, both in zoos, and two species were described: in berlin, germany, oxyspirura (o.) conjunctivalis from the lemurid microcebus murinus, later also found in the lorisid loris gracilis; in jacksonville, florida, o. (o.) youngi from the cercopithecid monkey erythrocebus patas. in the present case from the moscow zoo, oxyspirurosis was recorded in several species of old world lemuriforms and lorisiforms, and some ...	2007	18225417
[electron microscopic studies on the sv 40 development in kidney cells of erythrocebus patas].		2007	4313788
interspecific and temporal variation of ant species within acacia drepanolobium ant domatia, a staple food of patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in laikipia, kenya.	the ants that live in the swollen thorns (domatia) of acacia drepanolobium are staple foods for patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas). to obtain a better understanding of these insects as resources for patas monkeys, we sampled the contents of 1,051 swollen thorns (ant domatia) over a 22-month period from december 1999 to september 2001, in laikipia, kenya. first, we confirmed that of the four species of ants that live on a. drepanolobium, crematogaster sjostedti, the competitively dominant ant in ...	2007	17487875
transplacentally exposed human and monkey newborn infants show similar evidence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced mitochondrial toxicity.	effective reduction in maternal-fetal human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) transmission has been achieved by administration of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis) during pregnancy, and although most exposed children are clinically normal at birth, mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported. to examine mitochondrial integrity on a molecular level, we evaluated mitochondrial morphology by electron microscopy (em) and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) quantity in umbilical cords and cord ...	2007	16538687
relevance of experimental models for investigation of genotoxicity induced by antiretroviral therapy during human pregnancy.	the current incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1)/aids affects around 7000 pregnant women in the united states. when given during pregnancy, the nucleoside analog 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (azt) significantly reduces maternal-fetal transmission. it has been previously shown that azt is incorporated into dna, where it causes mutations in the hprt and tk genes. it also changes cell cycle gene expression, and induces s-phase arrest, micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations, sister chromati ...	2008	18295533
lack of relationship between either specific weight or presence of the 1b1r gene and nutritive value of wheat in broiler diets.	1. a study of the relationship between specific weight (sw) and nutritive value of wheat in diets offered to broilers up to 4 weeks of age was carried out using 10 varieties of wheat grown at three different locations; this gave rise to a range of specific weights from 59 to 76 kg/hl. 2. because five varieties contained the 1b1r translocation and 5 did not, this allowed the effects of 1b1r on the performance of birds given high concentrations of dietary wheat to be further investigated. 3. the d ...	2008	18704793
metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the combination zidovudine plus lamivudine in the adult erythrocebus patas monkey determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis.	because of their similarity to humans, non-human primates constitute useful preclinical models in which to examine potential human drug toxicities. antiretroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nrti) toxicity is currently under investigation in erythrocebus patas monkeys, and whereas nrti pharmacokinetics have been studied in other monkey species, pharmacokinetics for zidovudine plus lamivudine (azt/3tc) dosing have not been reported in the patas. here we present 24 h serum pharmaco ...	2008	17949768
interspecies and intraspecies variations in the serotonin transporter gene intron 3 vntr in nonhuman primates.	a variable number of tandem repeat (vntr) polymorphism based on a 16 or 17-bp unit has been reported in the third intron of the human serotonin transporter gene (5-htt). vntrs have been shown to affect the transcriptional activity of genes, and vntr polymorphisms possibly influence human personality and several psychoneurological disorders. to estimate the changes that occurred in the vntrs during primate evolution, we amplified and sequenced the regions that corresponded to the human vntrs in v ...	2008	18204817
variation in guenon skulls (i): species divergence, ecological and genetic differences.	guenons are the most diverse clade of african monkeys. they have varied ecologies, include arboreal and terrestrial species, and can be found in nearly every region of sub-saharan africa. species boundaries are often uncertain, with a variable number of species and subspecies mostly recognised on the basis of their geographic distribution and pelage. if guenon soft tissue patterns show high variability, the same does not seem to hold for skull morphology. guenon skulls are traditionally consider ...	2008	18191179
despotic wild patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in kala maloue, cameroon.	the socio-ecological model predicts that the quality, distribution, and patch size of food resources determines the dominance hierarchy of female monkeys based on the type of food competition they experience. comparative studies of closely related species have evaluated the socio-ecological model and confirmed its validity. for example, female patas monkeys in laikipia, kenya, form a nonlinear and unstable dominance hierarchy (i.e., egalitarian), whereas females of sympatric, closely related sav ...	2008	17854072
species-specific distributions of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the prefrontal cortex of anthropoid primates.	in this study, we assessed the distribution of cortical neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (th) in prefrontal cortical regions of humans and nonhuman primate species. immunohistochemical methods were used to visualize th-immunoreactive (th-ir) neurons in areas 9 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and 32 (anterior paracingulate cortex). the study sample included humans, great apes (chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, orangutan), one lesser ape (siamang), and old world monkeys (golden guenon, ...	2009	19041377
the fish fauna of anambra river basin, nigeria: species abundance and morphometry.	the fish yields of most nigeria inland waters are generally on the decline for causes that may range from inadequate management of the fisheries to degradation of the water bodies. sustainable exploitation requires knowledge of the ichthyofaunal composition in the water bodies. we did a survey of fish species in anambra river basin for 22 months. fish samples were collected using four different gears -hook and line of size 13, caste nets, gill nets, and cages of mesh sizes of 50 mm, 75 mm, and 1 ...	2009	19637699
not so fast: speed effects on forelimb kinematics in cercopithecine monkeys and implications for digitigrade postures in primates.	terrestrial mammals are characterized by their digitigrade limb postures, which are proposed to increase effective limb length (ell) to achieve preferred or higher locomotor speeds more efficiently. accordingly, digitigrade postures are associated with cursorial locomotion. unlike most medium- to large-sized terrestrial mammals, terrestrial cercopithecine monkeys lack most cursorial adaptations, but still adopt digitigrade hand postures. this study investigates when and why terrestrial cercopith ...	2009	19294733
[absence of plasmodial infection among wild monkeys in northern senegal?].	eighty-two wild monkeys belonging to the two species chlorocebus aethiops and erythrocebus patas were collected in the northern part of senegal, west africa. thick blood smears were performed and giemsa stained. slides were microscopically examined with a sensitivity of the method estimated at 2 parasites per mm3 of blood. no blood parasites were observed. this negative result is in line with previous studies which never showed evidences of malaria parasites in monkeys from african savannahs. th ...	2009	19343914
[surgeons in bjelovar and bjelovar county during the 18.-19. century].	some data unknown so far from the local medical historiography are presented on the names, education and activities of more than 160 surgeons, the most numerous (military) health professionals in the history of bjelovar area health care during the 18th and 19th centuries. the first surgeons arrived in bjelovar with the establishment of town authorities and settling of the border regiment troops in the surrounding areas along the croatian military border at mid-18th century. they performed servic ...	2009	19146192
demography and life histories of sympatric patas monkeys, erythrocebus patas, and vervets, cercopithecus aethiops, in laikipia, kenya.	mortality patterns are thought to be strong selective forces on life history traits, with high adult mortality and low immature mortality favoring early and rapid reproduction. patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) have the highest potential rates of population increase for their body size of any haplorhine primate because they reproduce both earlier and more often. we report here 10 yr of comparative demographic data on a population of patas monkeys and a sympatric population of vervet monkeys (ce ...	2009	20976285
generalized tularemia in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) in a zoo.	generalized tularemia was diagnosed in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas), both of which died suddenly in the szeged zoo, szeged, hungary. macroscopic lesions in each animal included disseminated, grayish-white foci in the lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidney. all focal lesions were characterized microscopically as purulent to pyogranulomatous to granulomatous inflammation with necrosis. francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains were is ...	2009	19407096
revisiting play elements and self-handicapping in play: a comparative ethogram of five old world monkey species.	play behavior has been viewed as a mixture of elements drawn from "serious" behavior, interspersed by ritualized play signals. two other types of play behaviors have been overlooked: patterns that are dissimilar from any serious behavior and patterns with self-handicapping character, that is, those that put the animal into unnecessary disadvantageous positions or situations. here the authors show that these 2 types of patterns can constitute a major part of play repertoire. from our own videorec ...	2009	19685966
characterization of francisella tularensis strains, comparing their carbon source utilization.	thirteen francisella tularensis strains were isolated from 22 seropositive brown hares (lepus europaeus) originating from different parts of hungary, and further two from a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) and vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). the isolates were identified as f. tularensis ssp. holarctica on the basis of culture, morphological and biochemical characteristics. the identification was verified by polymerase chain reaction and the sequencing of the partial 16s rrna gene. utiliza ...	2010	19538455
progressive mitochondrial compromise in brains and livers of primates exposed in utero to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis).	mitochondrial compromise has been documented in infants born to women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) who received nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nrti) therapy during pregnancy. to model these human exposures, we examined mitochondrial integrity at birth and 1 year in brain cortex and liver from offspring of retroviral-free erythrocebus patas dams-administered human-equivalent nrti doses for the last half (10 weeks) of gestation. additional infants, followed f ...	2010	20702595
pattern of sivagm infection in patas monkeys suggests that host adaptation to simian immunodeficiency virus infection may result in resistance to infection and virus extinction.	patas monkeys were not reported to carry species‐specific simian immunodeficiency virus (siv), but cross‐species transmission of sivagm to patas monkeys occurred in the wild. we report that patas monkeys share immunophenotypic features with natural hosts of siv; that is, low levels of cd4+ t cells and low ccr5 expression on cd4+ t cells. in 1 patas monkey with undetectable levels of cd4+ t cells, experimental exposure to sivagm did not result in infection. the other experimentally infected patas ...	2010	20887227
the interplay between speed, kinetics, and hand postures during primate terrestrial locomotion.	nonprimate terrestrial mammals may use digitigrade postures to help moderate distal limb joint moments and metapodial stresses that may arise during high-speed locomotion with high-ground reaction forces (grf). this study evaluates the relationships between speed, grfs, and distal forelimb kinematics in order to evaluate if primates also adopt digitigrade hand postures during terrestrial locomotion for these same reasons. three cercopithecine monkey species (papio anubis, macaca mulatta, erythro ...	2010	19639641
an assessment of gum-based environmental enrichment for captive gummivorous primates.	in the wild, many primates consume gums exuded from trees, and many species are gum specialists. in spite of this, few data exist concerning gum feeding in captivity. using a web-based survey of 46 zoos in 12 countries, we evaluated the extent to which zoos feed gum to primates. we found that although callitrichids and galagos receive gum-based enrichment, cercopithecines generally do not. environmental enrichment is important for stimulating naturalistic behavior to promote the psychological we ...	2011	21319210
testing the oxidative stress hypothesis of aging in primate fibroblasts: is there a correlation between species longevity and cellular ros production?	the present study was conducted to test predictions of the oxidative stress theory of aging assessing reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress resistance in cultured fibroblasts from 13 primate species ranging in body size from 0.25 to 120 kg and in longevity from 20 to 90 years. we assessed both basal and stress-induced reactive oxygen species production in fibroblasts from five great apes (human, chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, and orangutan), four old world monkeys (baboon, rhesus ...	2012	22219516
avoidance of mammalian predators by patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in a risk landscape.	primates and felids often occupy the same landscape, hence evolutionary theory predicts that proximate predator-prey mechanisms will influence both groups' ecology. erythrocebus patas are potentially vulnerable to a number of predators and exhibit an array of morphological and behavioural predator avoidance strategies. here, two concurrent studies, one on e. patas and one on the mammalian carnivore assemblage, in the acacia drepanolobium woodland of sweetwaters game reserve (sgr), laikipia, keny ...	2012	23363589
nutritional benefits of crematogaster mimosae ants and acacia drepanolobium gum for patas monkeys and vervets in laikipia, kenya.	patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) are midsized primates that feed extensively on the gum of acacia drepanolobium and the ants are housed in swollen thorns of this acacia. their diet resembles that expected more of smaller bodied primates. patas monkeys are also more like smaller bodied primates in reproducing at high rates. we sought to better understand the convergence of patas monkeys with smaller bodied primates by comparing their feeding behavior on ants and gum with that of closely related ...	2012	23280312
dental eruption sequence and eruption times in erythrocebus patas.	erythrocebus patas has a short inter-birth interval, juveniles become independent from their mother early, females are young at first birth, and adult females have a high mortality rate. according to schultz's rule, the molars of fast-growing and shorter-lived primate species erupt early relative to the replacement teeth. based on the life history of e. patas, we hypothesized that the molars would erupt before the replacement teeth and/or that the eruption time of its molars would be early. the ...	2012	22134419
locomotor anatomy and behavior of patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) with comparison to vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) living in african savanna woodlands and grassland habitats have a locomotor system that allows them to run fast, presumably to avoid predators. long fore- and hindlimbs, long foot bones, short toes, and a digitigrade foot posture were proposed as anatomical correlates with speed. in addition to skeletal proportions, soft tissue and whole body proportions are important components of the locomotor system. to further distinguish patas anatomy from other old world ...	2013	24187623
[clinical, biological and electroencephalographic study of experimental trypanosomiasis in erythrocebus patas].		2013	14127361
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in captive mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico.	antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in 167 mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico, using the modified agglutination test (mat). overall, antibodies to t. gondii were found in 89 (53.3%) of the 167 animals tested. antibodies were found in 35 of 43 wild felidae: 2 of 2 bobcats (lynx rufus); 4 of 4 cougars (puma concolor); 10 of 13 jaguars (panthera onca); 5 of 5 leopards (panthera pardus); 7 of 7 lions (panthera leo); 2 of 3 tigers (panthera tigris); 2 of 3 ocelots (leopardus par ...	2013	24063119
antimicrobial susceptibility of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains from hungary, central europe.	determining the in vitro susceptibility to 11 antibiotics of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains belonging to the phylogenetic group b.13, from different areas of hungary.	2013	23065699
delayed seroconversion to stlv-1 infection is associated with mutations in the pol and rex genes.	simian t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus-1 (stlv-1) infection of non-human primates can serve as a model for human t-cell lymphoma/leukemia virus infection.	2013	24025129
perinatal exposure of patas monkeys to antiretroviral nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors induces genotoxicity persistent for up to 3 years of age.	erythrocebus patas (patas) monkeys were used to model antiretroviral (arv) drug in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected pregnant women.	2013	23559463
isolation and characterization of faecal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli isolated from dogs and primates.	although bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been suggested beneficial for the host and are components of many probiotics and competitive exclusion mixtures, the knowledge on abundance, metabolic and probiotic characteristics in isolates from dogs and monkeys is still limited. the present study was aimed to isolate bifidobacterium and lactobacillus strains (faeces of 22 dogs and of 5 primates: cebus apella, eulemur fulvus, erythrocebus patas, macaca fascicularis, papio hamadryas) with the maldi ...	2014	24239978
tamoxifen-dna adduct formation in monkey and human reproductive organs.	the estrogen analog tamoxifen (tam), used for adjuvant therapy of breast cancer, induces endometrial and uterine tumors in breast cancer patients. proliferation stimulus of the uterine endometrium is likely involved in tumor induction, but genotoxicity may also play a role. formation of tam-dna adducts in human tissues has been reported but remains controversial. to address this issue, we examined tam-dna adducts in uteri from two species of monkeys, erythrocebus patas (patas) and macaca fascicu ...	2014	24501327
[steroid metabolism in primates. v. isolation of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and adrenosterone from adrenal venous blood of macacus rhesus, papio hamadryas, cercopithecus aethiops and erythrocebus patas].		2014	4243440
the influence of age on serum concentrations of cardiac troponin i: results in rats, monkeys, and commercial sera.	cardiac troponins serve as serum biomarkers of myocardial injury. the current study examined the influence of age on serum concentrations of cardiac troponin i (ctni). an ultrasensitive immunoassay was used to monitor ctni concentrations in sprague-dawley (sd) rats and erythrocebus patas monkeys of different ages. the mean ctni concentrations were highest in 10-day-old rats compared to 25-, 40-, and 80-day-old sd rats. cardiomyocyte remodeling was apparent in hearts from 10-day-old sd rats as ev ...	2014	24129761
[metabolic activity of the male genital tract in cercocebus lunulatus and erythrocebus patas: effect of castration and replacement therapy].		2015	4370617
detection of cyclospora in captive chimpanzees and macaques by a quantitative pcr-based mutation scanning approach.	cyclospora is a protistan parasite that causes enteritis in several species of animals including humans. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cyclospora in captive non-human primates.	2015	25972100
fetal consequences of maternal antiretroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor use in human and nonhuman primate pregnancy.	here we present fetal genotoxicity and mitochondrial toxicity, induced by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nrtis), in hiv-1-infected pregnant women treated to prevent mother-to-child hiv-1 transmission, and in virus-free pregnant patas monkeys.	2015	25635584
quantitative analysis of 3'-hydroxynorcotinine in human urine.	based on previous metabolism studies carried out in patas monkeys, we hypothesized that urinary 3'-hydroxynorcotinine could be a specific biomarker for uptake and metabolism of the carcinogen n'-nitrosonornicotine in people who use tobacco products.	2015	25324430
non-human primate antibody response to mosquito salivary proteins: implications for dengue virus transmission in puerto rico.	an important step to incriminate a mosquito as a vector of a disease pathogen is finding evidence of direct contact between the mosquito and humans. typically, this is accomplished through landing/biting catches, or host blood meal analysis in engorged mosquitoes via immunologic assays. an alternate approach is to identify the presence of specific mosquito anti-saliva protein antibodies in the blood of exposed hosts. following the discovery of dengue infected, free roaming non-human primates in ...	2016	27593498
mitochondrial compromise in 3-year old patas monkeys exposed in utero to human-equivalent antiretroviral therapies.	antiretroviral (arv) drug therapy, given during pregnancy for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1), induces fetal mitochondrial dysfunction in some children. however, the persistence/reversibility of that dysfunction is unclear. here we have followed erythrocebus patas (patas) monkey offspring for up to 3 years of age (similar in development to a 15-year old human) after exposure of the dams to human-equivalent in utero arv exposure protocols. preg ...	2016	27452341
serological evidence of infection with endemic human pathogens among free-ranging old world monkeys in puerto rico.	serum specimens from free-ranging but nonnative patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) and rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) in southwestern puerto rico (pr) were tested for antibodies to infection with dengue viruses (denvs), west nile virus (wnv), leptospira species, and burkholderia pseudomallei by microneutralization, plaque reduction neutralization, microscopic agglutination, and indirect hemagglutination, respectively. of 23 animals (21 e. patas and two m. mulatta) tested, all had evidence of p ...	2016	27001754
distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences in primates and the pygmy tree shrew (scandentia).	it has been hypothesized that interstitial telomeric sequences (itss), i.e., repeated telomeric dna sequences found at intrachromosomal sites in many vertebrates, could be correlated to chromosomal rearrangements and plasticity. to test this hypothesis, we hybridized a telomeric pna probe through fish on representative species of 2 primate infraorders, strepsirrhini (lemur catta, otolemur garnettii, nycticebus coucang) and catarrhini (erythrocebus patas, cercopithecus petaurista, chlorocebus aet ...	2017	28423373
merkel cell polyomavirus infection of animal dermal fibroblasts.	merkel cell polyomavirus (mcpyv) is the first polyomavirus to be associated with human cancer. mechanistic studies attempting to fully elucidate mcpyv oncogenic mechanisms have been hampered by the lack of animal models for mcpyv infection. in this study, we examined the infectability of mcpyv-gfp pseudovirus, mcpyv recombinant virion, and several mcpyv chimeric viruses in dermal fibroblasts isolated from various model animals, including mouse (mus musculus), rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus), rat ...	2017	29167345
variations in within-group inter-individual distances between birth- and non-birth seasons in wild female patas monkeys.	individual spatial positioning plays an important role in mediating the costs and benefits of group living, and thus shapes different aspects of animal social systems including group structure and cohesiveness. i aimed to quantify variation in individual spacing behavior and its correlates in a group of wild patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) living in north cameroon. i collected data on inter-individual distances during group scans when following subject females. individuals had longer inter-in ...	2017	27687524
intravascular t-cell lymphoma in a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas).	a 9-year-old female captive patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) presented with poor general condition, inability to stand, petechiae, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis. due to poor response to treatment, the animal was euthanized 16 days later. postmortem examination revealed hemorrhages in several organs and bilateral cerebral infarctions. histologically, prominent accumulations of large neoplastic lymphocytes in cerebral and meningeal blood vessels were demonstrated within the lesions ...	2017	32110691
genetic architecture of nitrogen-deficiency tolerance in wheat seedlings based on a nested association mapping (nam) population.	genetic divergence for nitrogen utilization in germplasms is important in wheat breeding programs, especially for low nitrogen input management. in this study, a nested association mapping (nam) population, derived from "yanzhan 1" (a chinese domesticated cultivar) crossed with "hussar" (a british domesticated cultivar) and another three semi-wild wheat varieties, namely, "cayazheda 29" (triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum shao), "yunnan" (t. aestivum ssp. yunnanense king), and "yutian" (t. aestivu ...	2018	29997636
comparative analysis of xenobiotic metabolising n-acetyltransferases from ten non-human primates as in vitro models of human homologues.	xenobiotic metabolising n-acetyltransferases (nats) perform biotransformation of drugs and carcinogens. human nat1 is associated with endogenous metabolic pathways of cells and is a candidate drug target for cancer. human nat2 is a well-characterised polymorphic xenobiotic metabolising enzyme, modulating susceptibility to drug-induced toxicity. human nats are difficult to express to high purification yields, complicating large-scale production for high-throughput screens or use in sophisticated ...	2018	29950659
dissecting genetic loci affecting grain morphological traits to improve grain weight via nested association mapping.	the quantitative trait loci (qtls) for grain morphological traits were identified via nested association mapping and validated in a natural wheat population via haplotype analysis. grain weight, one of the three most important components of crop yield, is largely determined by grain morphological traits. dissecting the genetic bases of grain morphology could facilitate the improvement of grain weight and yield production. in this study, four wheat recombinant inbred line populations constructed ...	2019	31399755
clinical characterization of host response to simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection in permissive and refractory hosts: a model for determining mechanisms of vhf pathogenesis.	simian hemorrhagic fever virus (shfv) causes a fulminant and typically lethal viral hemorrhagic fever (vhf) in macaques (cercopithecinae: macaca spp.) but causes subclinical infections in patas monkeys (cercopithecinae: erythrocebus patas). this difference in disease course offers a unique opportunity to compare host responses to infection by a vhf-causing virus in biologically similar susceptible and refractory animals. patas and rhesus monkeys were inoculated side-by-side with shfv. unlike the ...	2019	30650570
haemogram and serum biochemical values of four indigenous species of monkeys in south west nigeria.	haematological and serum biochemical values are useful guides and biomarkers in health and diseases for reaching a diagnosis, estimating disease prognosis and monitoring treatment progress, in mammals. reference ranges for some parameters differ among species of mammals and between sexes within a species. there is dearth of information on standard reference value for blood parameters for nigerian indigenous monkeys. whole blood and serum samples obtained from 50 apparently healthy adult monkeys ...	2019	31449275
qtl mapping for yield-related traits in wheat based on four ril populations.	eight environmentally stable qtl for grain yield-related traits were detected by four ril populations, and two of them were validated by a natural wheat population containing 580 diverse varieties or lines. yield and yield-related traits are important factors in wheat breeding. in this study, four ril populations derived from the cross of one common parent yanzhan 1 (a chinese domesticated cultivar) and four donor parents including hussar (a british domesticated cultivar) and three semi-wild whe ...	2020	31897512
epidemic of pseudotuberculosis constitutes a surrogate patas erythrocebus patas, schreber.		2020	18228884
epigenetic silencing of cd4 expression in nonpathogenic siv infection in african green monkeys.	african green monkeys (agms) are natural hosts of siv that postthymically downregulate cd4 to maintain a large population of cd4-cd8aa+ virus-resistant cells with th functionality, which can result in agms becoming apparently cured of sivagm infection. to understand the mechanisms of this process, we performed genome-wide transcriptional analysis on t cells induced to downregulate cd4 in vitro from agms and closely related patas monkeys and t cells that maintain cd4 expression from rhesus macaqu ...	2020	32841214
genomic diversity of escherichia coli isolates from non-human primates in the gambia.	increasing contact between humans and non-human primates provides an opportunity for the transfer of potential pathogens or antimicrobial resistance between host species. we have investigated genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in escherichia coli isolates from four species of non-human primates in the gambia: papio papio (n=22), chlorocebus sabaeus (n=14), piliocolobus badius (n=6) and erythrocebus patas (n=1). we performed illumina whole-genome sequencing on 101 isolates from 43 sto ...	2020	32924917