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use of observed wild bird activity on poultry farms and a literature review to target species as high priority for avian influenza testing in 2 regions of canada.the risk of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry is partially dependent on the probability of contact between domestic poultry and wild birds shedding avian influenza (ai) virus. the major objective of this study was to document wild bird activity on poultry farms to determine which wild bird species should be targeted for ai surveillance in canada. we collected data in 2 major poultry producing regions of canada, southwestern ontario and the fraser valley of british columbia, on the relative ab ...022851777
the cardiac factor in the "pressor" effects of renin and angiotonin.upon the isolated hearts of cats perfused with ringer-locke solution renin produced no significant effect. angiotonin, on the other hand, brought about decrease in coronary flow and increase in amplitude of beat without any consistent effect upon heart rate. both renin and angiotonin augmented the cardiac output and raised the "arterial" pressure in the starling heart-lung preparation; here too without influence on the heart rate. electrocardiograms recorded before, during and after the pressor ...194119871119
a survey of the external parasites and the parasites of the digestive tract and its derivatives of the starling sturnus vulgaris l. in north america. 194620281521
sarcosporidia in a starling (sturnus vulgaris). 194918119127
a surgery of parasitism of the starling sturnus vulgaris l. in north america. 195114825028
[comparative studies on hematopoiesis in the ontogenesis of the chicken (gallus gallus l.) and starling (sturnus v. vulgaris l.)]. 195124540845
pasteurellosis in a starling. 195313043212
[contribution to information on parasitic nematodes. xiv. little known parasitic nematodes of the starling and the description of a new type of the genus protospirura seurat, 1914]. 195313137366
preliminary studies on the use of a specific sound to repel starlings (sturnus vulgaris) from objectionable roosts. 195417754329
[behavior of the electrocardiogram in the isolated mammalian heart (starling heart-lung preparation of dog) in hypothermia]. 195513329079
[behavior of the starling laws in the isolated mammalian heart (heart-lung preparation of dog) in conditions of hypothermia]. 195513329080
salmonellosis in migratory birds (sturnus vulgaris). 195514387561
spectral threshols in the starling (sturnus vulgaris). 195913791909
the demonstration of growth stimulating substances for histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis in infusions of starling (sturnis vulgaris) manure. 196414121484
ii. evidence of the presence in yeast extract of substances which stimulate the growth of histoplasma capsulatum and blastomyces dermatitidis similarly to that found in starling manure extract. 196414161193
a plasmodium sp. from a glossy tree-starling (aplonis panayensis strigatus). 196514306412
[setting up and survival of the starling rat heart-lung preparation]. 19675613026
[on the gonadal development of the starling (sturnus vulgaris) in dependency upon its migratory behavior]. 19676057030
critical closure of pulmonary vessels analyzed in terms of starling resistor model. 19685647639
[the action of various substances on the function of the starling rat heart-lung preparation]. 19685709779
the mechanical efficiency of the starling heart-lung preparation. 19685748551
the effect of steady-state increases in systemic arterial pressure on the duration of left ventricular ejection time.the effect of steady-state increases in systemic arterial pressure on the duration of left ventricular ejection time was studied in 11 normal male subjects. methoxamine, a pressor amine of predominantly vasoconstrictor activity but lacking significant inotropic effect, was administered intravenously resulting in an average increase in mean arterial pressure of 27 mm hg. heart rate was held constant by high right atrial pacing, and there was no significant change in cardiac output. during methoxa ...196816695943
[the diurnal activity of starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and snow-buntings (plectrophenax nivalis)].starlings (sturnus vulgaris) and snow-buntings (plectrophenax nivalis) were observed during their period of reproduction. the flying-activity at the nest-hole was automatically recorded.the amount of activity of starlings during feedingtime is dependent on the number of nestlings.the activity-pattern of starlings changes in the course of spring and early summer: 1. at pair-time starlings normally arrive at the nest-holes in the early moring, and one steep peak of activity is characteristic for t ...196828306853
transvascular fluid balance in the lung.1. the transvascular fluid balance has been studied in isolated blood-perfused lungs of rabbit and cat. during periods of left atrial pressure (lap) elevation, changes in preparation weight were measured. in some experiments simultaneous recordings of changes in blood volume, as judged by changes in emitted radioactivity from (51)cr labelled red blood cells, were performed.2. in nine out of eleven experiments, elevation of lap by 5 mm hg within a test period of 8 min resulted in new weight stabi ...19695355000
the role of inotropic variation in ventricular function during atrial fibrillation.a series of experiments were performed upon intact anesthetized dogs to determine the relevance of a variety of hemodynamic variables to the irregular ventricular performance associated with atrial fibrillation. during experimentally induced atrial fibrillation central aortic pulse pressure was measured in relation to the duration of the preceding diastolic interval, the relative degree of cycle-length change, the magnitude of the preceding aortic end-diastolic pressure, the rate of ventricular ...19705443174
pathogenesis of pulmonary edema associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome.pulmonary edema is common cause of acute respiratory failure and can be seen in not only cardiac but also noncardiac diseases. the pathophysiologic mechanism for the development of acute pulmonary edema in any clinical situation can usually be explained alterations in the forces governing the transvascular flux of fluid in the pulmonary microvasculature, according to the starling equation. "cardiac" pulmonary edema is primarily due to an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure of sufficie ...1970376080
coronary blood flow, oxygen delivery rate and cardiac performance.1. studies have been made on the isolated blood-perfused heart of dogs in which isometric tension development at various settings of resting tension (rt) was measured at various levels of o(2) delivery rates controlled by altering (a) coronary blood flow (cbf), (b) o(2) capacity or (c) o(2) saturation of the perfusate. measurements were also made of o(2) consumption and vascular perfusion resistance.2. the capacity of the left ventricle to develop tension at any given setting of resting tension ...19715558342
[frequency potentiation and frank-starling mechanism in canine ventricle under sinus node rhythm and ventricular pacing]. 19715099687
helminths of the starling sturnus vulgaris l from southeastern kansas. 19715578773
parasites of the starling, sturnus vulgaris, in san diego county, california. 19725078589
a role for the starling (nonlinear) resistorlike action of renal proximal tubules. 19725007014
role of peritubule starling forces in proximal reabsorption following albumin infusion. 19725075149
left ventricular response to severe exertion in untethered dogs.the left ventricular response to severe exercise was studied by telemetering direct measurements of left ventricular diameter (d) and pressure (p) and aortic blood flow from healthy dogs running at speeds up to 30 mph in the field. severe exercise increased cardiac output from 101 to 478 ml/kg per min, heart rate from 95 to 297 beats/min, stroke volume from 31 to 44 ml, left ventricular isolength (iso) systolic pressure from 120 to 186 mm hg, left ventricular end diastolic pressure from 6 to 18 ...19724640948
role of the frank-starling mechanism in exercise. 19724641783
an implantable, pneumatic, variable stroke (starling principle) artificial ventricle. 19724671067
the effect of thyroidectomy on testicular size and on the photorefractory period in the starling (sturnus vulgaris l.). 19725016291
[antibodies against arboviruses in starlings (sturnus vulgaris l.) in austria]. 19724145101
the effects of nitroglycerin on coronary collaterals and myocardial contractility.nitroglycerin (tng) causes a prolonged dilatation of coronary collaterals. to demonstrate a functional significance of this dilatation we measured the effect of tng on myocardial contractile force in dogs 2(1/2)-4 wk after the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) had been embolized in closed-chest animals. development of collaterals was documented by angiography. via a left thoracotomy the main left coronary artery (lca) and lad distal to the embolized plug were cannulated. coronary fl ...19734201267
a model of peritubular capillary control of isotonic fluid reabsorption by the renal proximal tubule.a mathematical model of peritubular transcapillary fluid exchange has been developed to investigate the role of the peritubular environment in the regulation of net isotonic fluid transport across the mammalian renal proximal tubule. the model, derived from conservation of mass and the starling transcapillary driving forces, has been used to examine the quantitative effects on proximal reabsorption of changes in efferent arteriolar protein concentration and plasma flow rate. under normal physiol ...19734696761
[color discrimination in sturnus vulgaris (sturnidae) and padda oryzivora (estrildidae)]. 19734788926
[food acquisition and competition of the syrian woodpecker, picoides syriacus].the syrian woodpecker, picoides syriacus, acquires its food by excavating, probing, gleaning and fly-catching (fig. 1). the food-acquisition is carried out from ground level to the crown layer of trees and beyond (fig. 2).in an ecological sense the syrian woodpecker occupies an intermediate position between the great spotted and the middle spotted woodpecker (picoides major and medius). that is true for food-acquisition since it excavates more than medius and less than major whilst probing more ...197328308147
effects of prostaglandins e1 and e2 on renal sodium reabsorption and starling forces. 19744363361
isolation of salmonella infantis and salmonella anatum from a grey starling (sturnus cineraceus temminck) in the city of sapporo. 19744418032
a preliminary chemical and physical comparison of blackbird-starling roost soils which do or do not contain histoplasma capsulatum. 19744475371
a nervous mechanism for descending inhibition in guinea-pig small intestine.1. intracellular recordings were made from neurones in the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig small intestine under conditions in which these neurones received synaptic input from an adjacent segment of intestine.2. most long synaptic pathways in the myenteric plexus were found to lead in an anal direction.3. such pathways could be excited by either distension or transmural electrical stimulation of the intestinal segment.4. similar stimuli evoked inhibitory junction potentials in the circular muscl ...19744838801
the bayliss-starling lecture 1973. the gastrointestinal hormones: a review of recent advances. 19744609404
testosterone induces "splitting" of circadian locomotor activity rhythms in birds.under the influence of testosterone, the free-running circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of the starling, sturnus vulgaris, tends to "split" into two components which temporarily run with different circadian frequencies: "splitting" occurred in intact birds whose testes grew, and in castrated birds that were injected with testosterone. since "splitting" most probably reflects the temporal separation of two (or two groups of) circadian oscillators, these results suggest that testosterone affe ...19744836085
plasma testosterone titers during the annual reproductive cycle of starlings (sturnus vulgaris). 19744829474
testicular metamorphosis and prolongation of spermatogenesis in starlings (sturnus vulgaris) in the absence of daily photostimulation. 19744810010
further studies on the use of enzyme profiles to monitor residue accumulation in wildlife: plasma enzymes in starlings fed graded concentrations of morsodren, dde, aroclor 1254 and malathion.wild-trapped starlings (sturnus vulgaris) were fed concentrations of morsodren (2, 4, and 8 ppm), dde or aroclor 1254 (5, 25, and 100 ppm), or malathion (8, 35, and 160 ppm) that were found to be sublethal in pen-reared coturnix quail fed these amounts for 12 weeks. plasma enzymes had to be measured earlier than planned in starlings fed morsodren (at three weeks) or the organochlorine compounds (at seven weeks) because of unexpected, subsequent mortality. variations in enzyme response were great ...1975808176
stable daily light regimens as inductive factors of endogenous testicular cycles in the european starling, sturnus vulgaris. 19751241859
[the circannual rhythm of reproductive activity in the starling (sturnus vulgaris) under the influence of homosexual and heterosexual mates of the same species].1. 30 european starlings, kept for 20 months under a constant 12-hour photoperiod and at constant temperature, were investigated at regular monthly intervals with regard to the state of gonadal development, bill coloration and moult. 8 male male lived in individual cages (group 1), 10 male male were housed together in a group cage (group 2), and 6 male male lived together with 6 female female in another group cage (group 3). all birds had acoustical contact with each other. in addition, the bird ...19751179861
helminth parasites of the starling (sturnus vulgaris l.) from south bass island, ohio. 19751117364
intracellular ph of cardiac muscle after administration of potassium-magnesium-aspartate (author's transl).27 sprague-dawley rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital. artificial ventilation was given by a starling pump respirator via a tracheal tube. intracellular ph of cardiac muscle was determined by means of the indirect procedure of measuring the distribution of 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (dmo) in intra- and extracellular spaces (dmo-method). 12 rats were injected i.p. with 0.33 mval potassium-magnesium-aspartate/100 g body weight and 15 rats served as controls. using a regression analysi ...19753185
intramyocardial pressure: effect of preload on transmural distribution of systolic coronary blood flow.impairment of systolic coronary blood flow (cbf) may be mediated by intramyocardial pressure (pim). however, the effect of systole on the magnitude and transmural distribution of coronary blood flow has not been investigated. the purpose of this study was to measure this effect, and, indirectly, intramyocardial pressure. it is assumed that intramyocardial pressure acts on the coronary vessels as a starling resistor, such that local coronary blood flow is determined by the equation: coronary perf ...1975124128
dimensional analysis of the left ventricle: effects of acute aortic regurgitation.the effects of acute severe aortic regurgitation on the left ventricle were investigated in conscious, chronically instrumented dogs. left ventricular dimensions and volumes were measured from biplane cineradiographs of beads positioned near the endocardium. data were collected before and after the production of aortic regurgitation by a catheter technique. the aortic regurgitation resulted in increases in mean aortic pulse pressure from 44 to 73 mmhg (p smaller than 0.001), heart rate from 87 t ...1975123419
consequences of myocardial structural adaptation on left ventricular compliance and the frank-starling relationship in spontaneously hypertensive rats.the frank-starling relationship of hearts from adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr, okamoto 1969), representing the established phase of hypertension, and of young shr, representing the initial phase of hypertension, was investigated by using the isolated working heart preparation. in the "normal" diastolic pressure range (5 to 10 cm h2o), the left ventricle of both shr groups displayed significantly reduced stroke volumes compared with hearts of normotensive controls (ncr); the degree of ...1975125525
left ventricular dynamics during recovery from exercise.left ventricular dynamics during recovery were measured in dogs, 3 min after brief periods of mild, moderate, and severe treadmill exercise. as compared with resting values, stroke volume was unchanged, and the maximum first derivative of the left ventricular pressure was either unchanged or slightly elevated. increases in heart rate of 20, 26, and 46 beats/min for mild, moderate, and severe exercise appear to be the major factor in augmenting cardiac output during recovery. with moderate and se ...19751176410
regulation of glomerular filtration and proximal tubule reabsorption.in this review current hypotheses for the regulation of filtration rate and the subsequent reabsorption of that filtrate by the proximal tubule are discussed. in the rat the filtration rate is highly plasma flow dependent because of the phenomenon of filtration equilibrium. on the other hand, in man and dog filtration rate is much less dependent on renal plasma flow. in these species glomerular capillary pressure rather than glomerular plasma flow may be the primary determinant of filtration. th ...1975805670
measurement of right ventricular volumes using 131i-maa.a method has been presented for determining the right ventricular residual ratio, that is, the ratio of the end-systolic volume to the end-diastolic volume during each cardiac cycle. 131i-maa was injected as a bolus into the right ventricle, and the ratio of isotope remaining in the chamber during the succeeding cardiac cycles was determined with a collimated scintillation counter placed over the right ventricle. since the counter detected the radioactivity from the entire right ventricular cavi ...19751090136
hemodynamic effects of staged hematocrit reduction in patients with stable cor pulmonale and severely elevated hematocrit levels.patients with cor pulmonale and high hematocrit levels are often subjected to phlebotomy in the belief that the adverse effects of high viscosity may outweigh the benefit of increased oxygen carrying capacity. to evaluate this, 12 patients with stable cor pulmonale and hematocrit values greater than 55 per cent were studied before and after a series of venesections. right heart and aortic pressures, cardiac output and blood gases were measured at three mean hematocrit levels, 61 per cent (stage ...19751115064
cardiac function during vagus escape.it is generally believed that the stimulation of vagus nerve has no direct effect on ventricular myocardium. but recent work has demonstrated clear-cut negative inotropic effect of vagal stimulation on ventricles. in an attempt to study further the effect of vagal stimulation on heart, 15 dogs were studied hemodynamically under nembutal anaesthesia. bilateral vagotomy caused 9% elevation of heart rate whereas arterial pressure and cardiac output increased by 5% and 3% respectively. stroke volume ...19751158429
the dependence of the blood to brain passage of radioactive sodium on blood pressure and temperature.brain sodium uptake (bsu) was calculated from estimated radioactivities of brain and blood, collected from rats which were given [24na]sodium chloride 30 min and [22na]sodium chloride 1 min before killing. the calculated bsu values, when plotted against the average blood pressure of the animal during the survival time of 30 min, showed a linear dependence of bsu on blood pressure. in another series of animals, in which in addition to variation of the blood pressure as in the former series, the b ...19751174971
the effect of saline and hyperoncotic dextran infusion on canine ileal salt and water absorption and regional blood flow.1. the unidirectional na and h2o fluxes, vascular pressures and total and absorptive site blood flows in the canine ileum were determined before and during i.v. saline infusion and subsequent i.v. infusion of hyperoncotic dextran. the intestinal perfusion solutions were isotonic saline or isotonic saline and mannitol, but the effects of i.v. saline or i.v. hyperoncotic dextran infusion were generally the same for both luminal solutions. 2. continuous i.v. infusion of saline caused a continuous i ...19751202200
pressure-flow and volume-flow relationships of the systemic circulation of the dog.mean systemic pressure-flow (ps-q) and volume-flow (v-q) relationships of the systemic vascular bed were determined in two groups of dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (group i) and with methoxyflurane (group ii). all blood returning to the heart (q) was removed from the right atrial appendage and passed through a starling resistor, a pump, a flowmeter , and then returned directly into the pulmonary artery. ps was estimated from plateau values of right atrial pressure obtained during st ...19751211468
cardiac muscle models for both isotonic and isometric contractions.the choice of a suitable muscle model consistent with the mechanical behaviour of rat papillary muscle at rest or during isotonic or isometric contraction has been considered. three different preload levels within the ascending limb of the frank-starling curve have been used in five papillary muscles. series elastic (se) and parallel elastic (pe) length-tension relationships have been evaluated according to five mechanical muscle models using data from systolic and diastolic quick-release manoeu ...19751239734
[a histochemical and biometric comparison of the long peroneal muscle and its innervation in gallus gallus and coturnix c. japonica].following a previous comparison of the peroneus longus muscle of the quail and the starling, the present paper deals with a comparative study of this muscle in two birds of the order gallinaceae, the quail and the bantam, bearing in mind certain data found in the starling. the study deals with the types of muscle fibres, their frequency in various parts of the muscle, their lipid content and their innervation. in the quail, two types of fibres are found, with a low and high lipid content respect ...19751189892
absence of fetal placental waterfall phenomenon in chronically prepared fetal lambs.an electromagnetic flow sensor was placed on the distal fetal aorta (umbilical flow fraction 78.1 +/- 1.6 sem, %), an inflatable occluder was tied around the umbilical cord, and catheters were placed in distal branches of an umbilical artery and vein, a uterine vein, and in the amniotic cavity. an inflatalbe occluder was tied around the vagina of some of the ewes. control values 3 days after surgery were (mean +/- se): fetal femoral artery ph, 7.37 +/- 0.01; umbilical blood flow, 186 +/- 14 ml-m ...19761267019
preload, afterload, and the role of afterload mismatch in the descending limb of cardiac function.ventricular function can be analyzed from measures of the ejecting phase of contraction (e.g. velocity and extent of wall shortening) in terms of the appropriateness of the matching between afterload and the level of inotropic state, as modulated by the preload. in the normal heart, under controlled conditions an afterload mismatch can be readily induced if the preload is not allowed to compensate for an increased afterload, or if the limit of the frank--starling reserve has been reached. in the ...19761278221
intrapulmonary co2 receptors in the duck: iv. discharge pattern of the population during a respiratory cycle.we used single-unit vagal recordings to study the average discharge pattern during a respiratory cycle from 57 intrapulmonary co2 receptors in 6 ducks artificially ventilated with a starling pump. peak discharge frequency occurred during inspiration in 51%, expiration in 19%, and both inspiration and expiration in 30% of the receptors. average discharge frequency from all receptors was maximum at mid-inspiration, but frequency also increased slightly during early expiration. the results suggest ...1976935700
superiority of developed over total pressure for heart contractility indices in dogs.the independence of indices of contractility to starling effects was tested in 6 closed-chest dogs. after vagal and beta-receptors blockade, indices calculated with total left ventricular isometric pressure (tp), were shown to be strongly dependent of rises in end-diastolic pressure (lvedp) induced by dextran infusion. at lvedp of 14.6 +/- 1.5, 22.2 +/- 1.1 and 32.8 +/- 1.5 mm hg (+/- sem), the peak value of velocity of the contractile elements calculated with total pressure (peak vce, tp) dimin ...1976944423
cardiovascular adjustments to exercise: hemodynamics and mechanisms.the integrated response to severe exercise involves fourfold to fivefold increases in cardiac output, which are due primarily to increases in cardiac rate and to a lesser extent to augmentation of stroke volume. the increase in stroke volume is partly due to an increase in end-diastolic cardiac size (frank-starling mechanism) and secondarily due to a reduction in end-systolic cardiac size. the full role of the frank-starling mechanism is masked by the concomitant tachycardia. the reduction in e ...1976790460
interaction of capillary and tissue forces in the cat small intestine.we measured steady state capillary hydrostatic pressure (p c,i), plasma and lymph protein concentrations, lymph and blood flow, and capillary filtration coefficients in an in situ loop of cat small intestine at venous outflow pressures (pv) of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mm hg. the data were used to calculate colloid osmotic pressure of lymph and plasma, interstitial fluid pressure (pt), pre- and postcapillary resistances, and a tissue pressure-volume curve of the intestinal interstitium. when ...1976954164
functional reductions in left ventricular volume. minimum chamber size consonant with effective hemodynamic performance.a heart model in dogs was developed to evaluate quantitatively the extent to which left ventricular chamber size could be reduced and yet retain residual mechanical function to perform adequately as a pump. in 9 animals placed on right heart bypass perfusion to control systemic flows; left ventricular performance was estimated from high-fidelity left ventricular pressure and aortic flowmeter recordings and from lateral plane left ventricular angiograms. studies were made during unrestricted left ...19761246144
community ecology of helminth parasitism in an insular passerine avifauna.three hundred and thirty specimens of 7 species of passerine birds from south bass island, ottawa county, ohio, were examined for helminth parasites. the total number of helminth specimens collected was 4,333. forty-one helminth taxa were identified. ten species of helminths were identified as having foci of infection on the island. an index of association for these 10 species is presented. the low association revealed between helminth species utilizing common species of intermediate hosts indic ...19761255354
modification of the flow-generating capability of the canine heart-lung compartment by the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex.to quantitatively understand how the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex modifies the starling curve (i.e., the aortic flow (af)-mean right atrial pressure (mrap) relationship), experiments were performed in closed-chest, naturally breathing, and anesthetized dogs before and after vagotomy. mean aortic pressure (map) was fixed at approximately 100 mm hg and the pressure in the isolated carotid sinus (isp) was varied from 75 to 150 mm hg in steps of 25 mm hg. at each isp, mrap was slowly increased ...19761269105
frank-starling relationship as an important determinant of fetal cardiac output.the importance of the frank-starling mechanism was evaluated in seven chronically instrumented fetal lambs (128-141 days gestation). continuous determinations of left ventricular (lv) internal dimensions and pressures were obtained while lv end-diastolic diameter (lvedd) was reduced by superior vena cava occlusion and increased by infusion of fetal blood into left atrium. a highly significant relationship was found to exist between stroke volume and lv extent of shortening (delta d) (r = + 0.99, ...1976961903
the concept of afterload mismatch and its implications in the clinical assessment of cardiac contractility.the characteristics of left ventricular ejection (velocity and extent of wall shortening) can be analysed in relation to the appropriateness of the matching between afterload and the level of inotropic state (contractility), as modified by the preload (frank-starling) reserve. in the normal left ventricle if the preload is not allowed to compensate for an acute increase in afterload, or if the limit of preload reserve is reached, velocity (v cf) and stroke volume will diminish; that is an afterl ...1976966366
the action of histamine on pulmonary vessels of cats and rats.1. the actions of histamine on pulmonary vascular smooth muscle have been studied in isolated cat and rat lungs perfused with blood, lobes of cat lung perfused in vivo and isolated strips of rat, cat and rabbit pulmonary artery. 2. in all the lung preparations histamine caused both dilatation and constriction. in the rat strips it caused both contraction and relaxation. dilatation was only well shown when the vessels were in a prior constricted state. in any one lung dilatation occurred with sma ...1976975628
the cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of glucagon.the cardiac effects of a continuous infusion of glucagon at the rate of 10 mug/min were studied in the starling heart-lung preparation, modified to measure coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption. a maximal increase in myocardial contractility, as reflected by maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure, dp/dt, of 31% was observed at a total dose of glucagon of 50 mug and was accompanied by an increase in heart rate and in myocardial oxygen consumption of 59% and 57%, respectively. ...19761004638
[the significance of the veins for transcapillary fluid balance].various results from experimental as well as from theoretical studies challenge the classical concept of the starling hypothesis of fluid balance between blood and tissue. although most of these considerations are based on work with animal preparations, the following points appear to be applicable to human physiology: 1. the values of pressure as measured directly in venules, prohibit reabsorption of fluid from the interstitium. in addition, due to the increased permeability of the venular vesse ...19761007836
nationwide residues of organochlorines in starlings, 1974.organochlorine residues in starlings (sturnus vulgaris) from 126 collection sites were monitored during the fall of 1974. dde, ddt, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb's), and benzene hexachloride were present in all samples. dieldrin, heptachlor expoxide, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane were present in approximately 97% of the samples. dde, dieldrin, and pcb residues in starlings were significantly lower than they had been in 1972.1976940731
acute hemodynamic interventions shift the diastolic pressure-volume curve in man.frame-by-frame analysis of angiograms in 16 patients revealed that hemodynamic interventions are capable of producing substantial shifts in the diastolic pressure-volume curve. angiotensin raises blood pressure and shifts the entire pressure-volume curve up, and nitroprusside lowers blood pressure and shifts the curve down. indirect measurements of pleural pressure in seven patients (via esophageal pressure) showed that pleural pressure changes were too small to account for these shifts. analyzi ...1976786501
fluid exchanges through capillary walls: a modification of the starling hypothesis.in textbooks of physiology it is usually stated that fluids are extravasated from the arterial ends of capillaries, because, there, the outward transmural pressure of the blood exceeds its net inward osmotic pressure. at the venous ends, however, the position is reversed. the fluids are, therefore, reabsorbed. inthis paper it is argued that this is not a true picture of what must really happen. for, having once become equal there is no reason why the pressures should ever cease to be so. instead ...1976958036
left ventricle contractile function in trained dogs with cardial hypertrophy.eight mongrel dogs exercised for 8 weeks by treadmill running at 20 per cent incline 20 to 25 minutes twice daily, 4-5 days/week. another eight dogs which were kept in the cages for a similar period served as controls. the exercise program was effective in inducing myocardial hypertrophy since the ratio left ventricular weight/body weight was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in the trained dogs (5.04 g/kg) than in the sedentary animals (3.83 g/kg). in morphine-chloralose anesthesia the d ...1976132926
transmission of avian pox from starlings to rothchild's mynahs.several wild species of birds, including starlings (sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (passer domesticus) and pigeons (columba livia) gained access to an aviary housing rothchild's mynahs (leucospar rothchildii) and over 100 additional birds representing a variety of species. six of approximately 15 mynahs became infected with avian pox and all of them died. none of the other birds in the aviary developed lesions. pox virus was isolated from mynah facial lesions on chicken chorioallantoic membra ...197616498876
prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica in certain central iowa.bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from 6 of 13 short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) and 1 of 47 house sparrows (passer domesticus) trapped in the vicinity of a swine bordetella rhinitis experimental area. the organism was found in four of 50 foxes (vulpes fulva), 2 of 36 opossums (didelphis marsupialis) and 1 of 37 raccoons (procyon lotor) trapped in the ames, iowa area. this bacterium was not culturally isolated from 14 deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), 64 house mice (mus musculus), ...197616502690
parathyroid hormone and renal excretion of phosphate and calcium in normal starlings.the renal handling of calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium was studied in normal and parathyroid extract (pte)-injected starlings, sturnus vulgaris. the birds were anesthetized with equi-thesin and infused intravenously with 2.5% mannitol containing [14c]inulin. normal starlings actively reabsorb all four of these substances. after intravenous administration of 50 iu pte/100 g body wt, the relative phosphate clearance (cpo4/cin) as well as tubular transfer of phosphate (tpo4) increased sign ...1976984201
temperature regulation and heat dissipation during flight in birds.core and skin temperature were measured by radiotelemetry in starlings (sturnus vulgaris) during 30 min flights in a wind tunnel. core temperature was independent of ambient temperature from 0 to 28 degrees c. the temporal mean of the monitored core temperature during flight was 42-7 degrees c in one bird and 44-0 degrees c in another. these temperatures are 2-4 degrees c higher than the resting temperature in starlings, and are among the highest steady-state temperatures observed in any animal. ...19761003090
an analysis of muscle weight variations in the wing and leg of sturnus vulgaris.dry weights of 18 wing and 23 leg muscles from both sides of 15 adult male starlings (sturnus vulgaris) were determined. by means of factor analysis it is calculated which part of the variance in a muscle's weight can be accounted for by common factors and which part by the characteristics of the muscle itself (residual variance). wing and leg muscles are analysed separately. from the wing muscle analysis one can draw the following inferences: 1. three hierarchically ordered factors represent 66 ...1976984467
photoperiodic synchronization of circannual rhythms in the european starling (sturnus vulgaris). 1977840307
seasonal variation in the effects of wetting on the energetics and survival of starlings (sturnus vulgaris). 197711930
metabolism of testosterone in the anterior pituitary gland and the central nervous system of the european starling (sturnus vulgaris).the metabolism of testosterone was studied in vitro in anterior pituitary, hypothalamic and hyperstriatal tissues taken from male european starlings in the autumn. in all the tissues studied, testosterone was converted into 5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one (5alpha-dht), 5beta-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one (5beta-dht), 5beta-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (5beta-tht), 5beta-androstane-3,-17-dione and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione. the 5alpha-dht was produced in significantly greater amounts by the pituitar ...1977591837
renal excretion of phosphate and calcium in parathyroidectomized starlings.renal excretion patterns of calcium, phosphate, sodium, and potassium were studied in parathyroidectomized (ptx) and parathyroid extract (pte)-injected ptx starlings. sturnus vulgaris. anesthetized birds (equi-thesin or dial) were infused intravenously with 2.5% mannitol containing [14c]inulin. ptx caused significant hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, increased relative calcium clearance (cca/cin), and decreased relative clearances of phosphate and potassium, but did not change the clearance of so ...1977888955
application of the starling resistor concept to the lungs during cppv.the application of the starling resistor concept of the lungs during continuous positive pressure ventilation (cppv) was evaluated. ventilation and hemodynamics were studied in eight anesthetized and paralyzed dogs before and during the use of cppv. cppv resulted in an increase in transpulmonary pressure and functional residual capacity (frc), and a decrease in arterial ph and mixed venous oxygen tension (pvo2). cardica index decreased 32% (p less than 0.01) and stroke volume 51% (p less than 0. ...197714809
haemodynamic changes during tilt after autonomic blockade in spontaneously hypertensive rats.the haemodynamic shifts during head up and head down tilt were investigated in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) and matched normotensive control rats (ncr) under nembutal anaesthesia and autonomic blockage. during head up tilt a greater fall in blood pressure and stroke volume was observed in shr than in ncr, while the reverse was true when tilted in the opposite direction. this altered cardiac response to venous filling, also observed in patients with essential hypertension, is sugge ...1977603871
[experimental control of the dye dilution method of measuring telediastolic ventricular volume by the steps in the curve of indicator "washing"].after a brief discussion on the basis of the dilution method for determination of telediastolic volume (tdv) of the ventricles, the authors described the results from their own experimental studies on 8 nonbred dogs, on whom 186 curves of indicator "washing" (of the dye "cardiogreen" were recorded, presented on 2 tables. the results showed that the measurements should be made by means of the later steps of the curves. tdv and accordingly the relative stroke volume of both ventricles differed sli ...1977338287
ionic basis of myocardial contractility.knowledge about the basic physiology of mammalian cardiac muscle has lagged behind that of skeletal muscle because the tissue is more difficult to deal with experimentally. the cells are much smaller, they do not tolerate anaerobic conditions very well, and they cannot be tentanized. therefore as knowledge has developed about skeletal muscle, there has been a tendency to extrapolate to the myocardium. in many instances such extrapolation has been misleading especially in the area of ionic contro ...1977324352
involvement of camp-dependent protein kinase in the regulation of heart contractile force.the effects of perfusate epinephrine, 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, calcium, and filling pressure were investigated in the perfused working rat heart. epinephrine produced a rapid increase in camp, in the protein kinase activity ratio, and in active phosphorylase. these effects preceded the increase in contractile force produced by the hormone. there was good correlation between protein kinase activation and the increase in force. epinephrine and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 1-methyl-3-isobuty ...1977196511
interaction of transcapillary starling forces in the isolated dog forelimb.three of the four starling forces were measured in the intact dog forelimb after anesthetization and all four of the starling forces were measured in the same forelimb which was surgically isolated yet innervated. in the isolated forelimb, isogravimetric capillary pressure (pci) averaged 15.6 mmhg; colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma proteins (iip) averaged 19.9 mmhg; mean interstitial fluid pressure (pif) was +0.4 mmhg, and the average value of interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (iiif) wa ...1977889604
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