Publications

peptides for calling? an immunohistochemical study of the avian n. intercollicularis.	we used two phylogenetically distant avian species (dark-eyed junco, hyemalis, passeriformes; domestic pigeon, columba livia, columbiformes) to determine the immunocytochemical distribution of opioid (leucine-enkephalin, dynorphin b) and non-opioid (adrenocorticotropic hormone) peptides in the n. intercollicularis (ico), a midbrain region which plays a central role in the control of vocalizations. we found that, in both species, the peptides under study are present as fibers and terminal-like st ...	1992	1351774
spatial memory and adaptive specialization of the hippocampus.	the hippocampus plays an important role in spatial memory and spatial cognition in birds and mammals. natural selection, sexual selection and artificial selection have resulted in an increase in the size of the hippocampus in a remarkably diverse group of animals that rely on spatial abilities to solve ecologically important problems. food-storing birds remember the locations of large numbers of scattered caches. polygynous male voles traverse large home ranges in search of mates. kangaroo rats ...	1992	1384199
identification and characterization of columbid annexin icp37. insights into the evolution of annexin i phosphorylation sites.	annexin i (anxi) contains phosphorylation sites in its "hinge region" that have been implicated in the regulation of cell growth and/or differentiation. a pigeon (columba livia) isoform of this protein, annexin icp35 (cp35), has a very similar amino acid sequence overall but an unrelated sequence that lacks phosphorylation sites in the hinge region. we now report the identification and characterization of annexin icp37 (cp37) from pigeon. genomic cloning and southern blot analysis demonstrated t ...	1992	1388165
argon laser photocoagulation of the pecten oculi of the domestic pigeon (columba livia) using a specially designed contact lens.	a specially designed -62-d polymethylmethacrylate contact lens for biomicroscopy of the fundus oculi of the pigeon is presented. the study shows the usefulness of the lens in argon laser photocoagulation of the pecten, a noninvasive technique for ablating the organ. in addition, previous studies on operative destruction of the pecten are reviewed. to our knowledge, this is the first time the macroscopic appearance of a photocoagulated pecten is documented.	1992	1407959
delta-alad activity variations in red blood cells in response to lead accumulation in rock doves (columba livia).		1992	1421846
in vivo studies on the effects of ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone, arginine vasotocin, arginine vasopressin, and haloperidol on adrenocortical function in the racing pigeon (columba livia domestica).	this study investigates the effects of in vivo administration of pituitary stimulants in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica). plasma corticosterone concentrations were measured following intravenous administration of ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone (ocrh) (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 micrograms/kg), arginine vasopressin (avp) (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/kg), arginine vasotocin (avt) (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 5 micrograms/kg), and haloperidol (0.05, 0.5, and 5 micrograms/kg). compared with mamm ...	1992	1426965
visual discrimination performance after lesions of the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus in pigeons (columba livia).	pigeons were trained to perform simultaneous pattern and color discrimination tasks. after their training was completed, bilateral electrolytic lesions were made in the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (glv). following the surgery, they were retrained to their preoperative performance levels. lesions of glv caused no deficits in pattern discrimination performance. the birds which had been trained for discrimination of red vs. magenta showed a slight decline in their performance. this impaired ...	1992	1466786
evaluation of antibiotics for racing pigeons (columba livia var. domestica) available in the netherlands.	antibiotics and chemotherapeutics marketed for use in racing pigeons (columba livia var. domestica) were evaluated by comparing the dosages and indications given by the manufacturers with the data obtained by pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and efficacy studies. this comparison showed that only three of the recommended dosages and indications of the 60 formulations marketed in the netherlands are scientifically sound and in accordance with the literature. it is to be expected that the majority ...	1992	1487835
the visual forebrain and eating in pigeons (columba livia).	the contribution of forebrain structures to the control of visually guided eating behaviors was studied using a technique for reversible 'visual decerebration'. the procedure is based upon the fact that structures in the thalamus and telencephalon receive their visual inputs primarily from the contralateral eye. when the eye contralateral to the ablated hemisphere is occluded, the remaining eye has unilateral access to these structures. when the eye ipsilateral to the ablated hemisphere is occlu ...	1992	1511264
quantification of the immunoglobulin classes igg and iga in the young and adult pigeon (columba livia).	pigeon immunoglobulin classes igg and iga were purified and specific isotype antisera were produced in rabbits. the antisera were used to develop a quantitative assay for both immunoglobulins. serum igg concentrations in relation to age showed a similar pattern in pigeons to that in chickens. the same applies to the transfer of maternal immunoglobulins via egg. besides this transfer mechanism, an additional transfer of immunoglobulins exists in the pigeon via feeding of crop milk. crop milk cont ...	1992	18670956
time-place learning by pigeons, columba livia.	in each of two experiments, 2 pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. in experiment 1, food was available for periods of 30 s at each of three locations (pecking keys) during trials that lasted 90 s. in experiment 2, food was available for periods of 15 min at each of four locations (pecking keys) during a 60-min trial. in both experiments, pigeons' key pecking was jointly controlled by the spatial ...	1992	16812650
paramyxovirus-1 in feral pigeons (columba livia) in ontario.	paramyxovirus-1 (pmv-1) infection was diagnosed in racing pigeons in ontario during 1985, but it was not until january 1989, that the virus was isolated from feral pigeons (columba livia) in this province. during an 18 month period beginning january 1988, a total of 43 feral pigeons was submitted to the wildlife diseases laboratory, pathology department, ontario veterinary college. a history of neurological signs accompanied most of the birds. tissues from 29 birds were submitted for pmv-1 isola ...	1992	17424132
skull mechanics in the pigeon, columba livia, a three-dimensional kinematic model.		1992	29865599
aldrin poisoning of sarus cranes (grus antigone) and a few granivorous birds in keoladeo national park, bharatpur, india.	: between 1987-88 and 1989-90, 18 sarus cranes (grus antigone), more than 50 collared doves (streptopelia decaocto) and a few blue rock pigeons (columba livia) were found dead during winter in keoladeo national park, bharatpur, which coincided with the application of aldrin in the crop fields around the park. brain tissue of sarus cranes, collared doves and blue rock pigeons contained an average of 19.33 (3.56-43.46), 15.19 (7.40-20.70), and 20.42 (14.61-26.23) ppm, wet weight, of dieldrin, resp ...	1993	24201581
caloric nystagmus after plugging of the horizontal semicircular canal in pigeons.	the mechanism of caloric nystagmus has been attributed to endolymphatic thermoconvection flow of the horizontal semicircular canal in the inner ear. it has recently become difficult, however, to explain caloric nystagmus provoked in the space experiment by employing the convection theory only because the convection phenomenon does not exist under the conditions of microgravity (0g). although several hypotheses concerning the mechanism of caloric nystagmus have been proposed which exclude the con ...	1993	12236250
regional differences along the small intestine of the pigeon (columba livia): histobiochemical evidences.	mucosal surface area, protein, dna and rna content, [3h]-thymidine incorporation, total activity of glucosidases, peptidases, phosphatases and transaminases were measured in the duodenum and in the middle and lower parts of the small intestine of the domestic pigeon columba livia. mucosal surface area, protein, nucleic acid content and [3h]-thymidine incorporation were significantly higher in the duodenum and in the middle part of the small intestine than in the lower part. whereas the activitie ...	1993	7691216
an experimental test of the site specificity of preening to control lice in feral pigeons.	site specificities of ectoparasites on the host may have evolved due to the selective pressure exerted by host grooming. the present study demonstrates that the efficiency of avian preening varies among sites on the host. the study relies on the simple idea that the effectiveness of preening behavior to control lice can be quantified by the removal rate of dead lice glued onto the feathers of living birds. two treatments were done to document site-specific differences in the efficiency of preeni ...	1993	8277395
the object-line inferiority effect in pigeons.	eight pigeons (columba livia) were trained to discriminate between diagonal lines presented alone or embedded in a redundant l-shape right-angle form. the stimuli were white and were presented in an environment that was otherwise totally dark. numerous experiments done with human observers have shown a strong superiority effect when the diagonal lines are embedded in redundant contexts. however, in experiment 1 of the present study, the pigeons discriminated significantly better between the two ...	1993	8433900
variations of glycolytic kinases and pentose-phosphate pathway dehydrogenases in response to lead accumulation in hemopoietic cells of rock doves (columba livia).		1993	8387841
photocurrents in retinal rods of pigeons (columba livia): kinetics and spectral sensitivity.	1. membrane photocurrents were recorded from outer segments of isolated retinal rods of pigeons (columba livia), the first such measurements on the photoreceptors of a bird. the amplitude of the response to 20 ms flashes of narrow wavelength bands of light increases linearly with intensity at low photon fluxes and saturates at higher intensities. the maximum (saturating) photocurrent observed in forty-nine rod cells was 50 pa. larger responses with less variability in the intensity for half-maxi ...	1993	8120835
nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve of the pigeon: localization of peptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive fibers.	the distribution of peptide and serotonin fibers in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nts) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnx) in the pigeon (columba livia) was investigated immunocytochemically. this information was correlated with the viscerotopic organization of the nuclei and with central nts circuitry to suggest the role of the neurochemical containing fibers in the regulation of organ function. the distribution of fibers containing cholecystokinin (cck), calcitonin gene ...	1993	8132859
the visual acuity for the lateral visual field of the pigeon (columba livia).	previous studies on pigeons indicated that the visual acuity for the frontal visual field was much higher than that for the lateral one. suspecting that the poor values for the lateral field were due to suboptimal testing conditions, we determined the lateral field acuity in eight head-fixed pigeons with high-contrast square-wave gratings. an instrumental conditioning task with water as reinforcer and mandibulation as an operant was used. subjects achieved a mean acuity value of 12.6 c/deg. the ...	1993	8236853
connections of the auditory forebrain in the pigeon (columba livia).	ascending auditory efferents in birds terminate mainly within field l2, a cytoarchitectonically distinct region of the caudomedial telencephalon. the organization of field l2, and that of its flanking regions, l1 and l3, was investigated with 14c-2-deoxyglucose (14c-2-dg), cytochrome oxidase, and both retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques. field l2 was found to contain a high concentration of cytochrome oxidase. following auditory stimulation, 14c-2-dg autoradiography revealed that field ...	1993	8276991
roles of adrenal and gonadal steroids and season in uropygial gland function in male pigeons, columba livia.	to gauge the relative regulative roles of adrenal, gonadal, and thyroid hormones on uropygial gland of male adult pigeons, morphometric, histological, and histochemical observations have been made on a seasonal basis in normal as well as experimentally manipulated birds. normal birds showed a parallel adrenal-gonadal-uropygial relationship and inverse adrenal-thyroid, thyroid-gonadal, and thyroid-uropygial relationships. induced hypocorticalism by dexamethasone in the breeding season and hyperco ...	1993	8282171
food deprivation- vs. intraventricular adrenaline-induced feeding and postprandial behaviors in the pigeon (columba livia).	the present study was designed to investigate possible similarities between the feeding and postprandial behavioral profile observed after different periods of food deprivation and after intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of adrenaline (a) (30 nmol/microliter) in satiated pigeons (columba livia). the results indicate that the postprandial sleep-like behavior increases observed after a treatment are similar only to those observed after prolonged periods of fasting. these parallel behavioral ...	1993	8295943
[peliás, columba livia, the rock pigeons, as nomenclature].		1993	8333009
whole-body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: ii. food/water/weight effects in wild rodent and avian species.	separate inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute/subacute food intake (g), water intake (ml), and body weight (g) effects of four whole-body phosphoric-acids-aerosol exposures in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus); subacute effects of two exposures were studied in rock doves (columba livia). a 95% red phosphorus/5% butyl rubber (rp/br) mixture was burned to produce the aerosol. each study involved (1) 3 rp/br target concentration groups (0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/l), ( ...	1993	8345534
pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy of febantel in the racing pigeon (columba livia).	this paper reports on the pharmacokinetics and the efficacy of febantel against capillaria obsignata and ascaridia columbae in the racing pigeon. febantel was rapidly cleared from the circulation and highly metabolized. the efficacy of febantel against capillaria and ascaridia was studied on lightly and heavily infected pigeons. the efficacy against ascaridia was 100% for the faecal egg count reduction (fecr) as well as for the worm reduction in all treated pigeons. after two treatments with feb ...	1993	8345572
antibody prevalence and isolation of chlamydia psittaci from pigeons (columba livia).	the isolation of chlamydia psittaci and serological detection of chlamydia-specific antibodies in racing pigeons and pigeons from public parks is described. several serological methods (complement fixation test, indirect microimmunofluorescence test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were compared with bacteriological techniques (isolation both in embryonated eggs and mccoy cell monolayers). tests confirmed that 28.6%, 33.5%, and 35.9% of the pigeons, respectively, were seropositive by the ...	1993	8363515
stimulatory effects on lactotrophs and crop-sac of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 in pigeons (columba livia).	the ultrastructural effects of human-recombinant interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) and human-recombinant interleukin-2 (il-2) on the crop-sac (the target organ for prolactin secretion in birds) and the anterior pituitary lactotrophs, were studied in pigeons (columba livia). the intraventricular microinfusion of the two interleukins produced maximal crop-sac stimulation with milk-like secretion, as demonstrated by the observation of ultrastructural changes in the lactiferous areas through scanning a ...	1993	8406140
discrimination of duration ratios by pigeons (columba livia) and humans (homo sapiens).	humans (homo sapiens) were trained on 2 versions of a 2-alternative, forced-choice procedure. first, subjects judged which of 2 successive stimulus durations was longer. second, subjects judged whether the ratio of the 2 durations was less or greater than a criterion ratio (e.g., 2:1). accuracy was significantly lower for the task in which the judgment was made according to the ratio of the 2 durations. this result is different than that obtained by fetterman, dreyfus, and stubbs (1989), who tra ...	1993	8444016
effects of ablation of the presumed equivalent of the mammalian prefrontal cortex on pigeon homing.	pigeons (columba livia) with bilateral ablation of the postero-dorsolateral neostriatum and the overlying corticoid were compared with unoperated control subjects in homing from both familiar and unfamiliar sites. before the operation all the pigeons were subjected to 8 training flights from a site destined to be the familiar one. postoperatively, the groups did not differ in orientation from the familiar site. in their releases from unfamiliar sites, however, the operated birds oriented in the ...	1993	8484893
lateral hyperstriatal lesions disrupt simultaneous but not successive conditional discrimination learning of pigeons (columba livia).	in 2 experiments we explored the effects of lateral versus medial laminar lesions of the hyperstriatum in pigeons (columba livia); medical lesions were largely confined to the hyperstriatum accessorium, and lateral lesions to the hyperstriatum dorsale and hyperstriatum ventrale. in experiment 1, lateral, but not medial, lesions disrupted acquisition of a simultaneous conditional discrimination; both medial and lateral lesions disrupted reversal of the discrimination. the reversal deficits of the ...	1993	8484894
whole body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: i. spontaneous activity effects in wild rodent and avian species.	two inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute (2-h out-of-chamber) and subacute (< or = 6 d postexposure) spontaneous activity effects of whole-body phosphoric acids aerosol exposure(s) in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) and rock doves (columba livia). the aerosol was generated using a red phosphorus/butyl rubber (rp/br) mixture under development as a military obscurant. each study involved (1) 3 rp/br target concentration groups [0.0 (controls), 1.0, and 4.0 mg/ ...	1993	8501771
transmission of antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii through eggs and "crop milk" in pigeons.	young semi-domesticated pigeons captured or hatched from eggs gathered in bratislava during 1989-1991 were examined for complement fixing antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and agglutinating antibodies to coxiella burnetii. antibodies to ch. psittaci were present in 76% of birds younger than 24 h, in 47.7% between 1 and 10 days of age and in 12% of nestlings over 10 days old. antibodies to ch. psittaci were also detected in "crop milk" of 4.1% of 1 to 10 day old birds and in 4.5% of specimens olde ...	1993	8519359
the visual response properties of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root of the northern saw-whet owl (aegolius acadicus).	the nucleus of the basal optic root (nbor) in birds is a component of the accessory optic system (aos) which is involved in the analysis of visual flowfields normally resulting from self-motion. using standard extracellular techniques, we recorded from 81 single-unit and multi-unit clusters in the nbor of the northern saw-whet owl, aegolius acadicus, an avian species that has a visual system with frontal emphasis. these cells responded best to large patterns of random dots moving either upward ( ...	1994	8306188
an unusual outbreak of streptococcus bovis septicaemia in racing pigeons (columba livia).	in december 1991, an outbreak of streptococcus bovis septicaemia occurred in a belgian pigeon loft where 25 male and 25 female racing pigeons were housed. the main clinical signs included inability to fly and poor breeding results. none of the female pigeons and only one male pigeon was able to fly. nine affected pigeons were necropsied. histologically a tenosynovitis of the tendon of the deep pectoral muscle was observed in most of them and s bovis was isolated from the canalis triosseus or the ...	1994	8135007
jaw muscle (emg) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (columba livia)	during each phase of the pigeon's eating sequence, jaw opening amplitude (gape) is adjusted to the size of the food object; first prior to contact (grasping), again in positioning the food (stationing), and finally, during its movement through the oral cavity (intraoral transport). part i of this study examined jaw movement kinematics during ingestion of different size food pellets to determine the relative contribution of velocity and rise time variables. part ii specified the muscle activity p ...	1994	8182561
drinking behavior and jaw muscle (emg) activity in the pigeon (columba livia).	the relation between jaw movements and jaw muscle activity was examined during two different types of drinking in pigeons: "tip" and "rictus" drinking. the amplitude and duration of jaw opening is greater for "rictus" than for "tip" drinking, but both types involve individual cycles of jaw-opening and closing movements, organized into bouts. cycle duration increases gradually over the initial portion of the bout and is relatively constant thereafter. each drinking cycle is composed of an initial ...	1994	8182562
oral and dermal toxicity of organophosphate pesticides in the domestic pigeon (columba livia).		1994	8186631
memory for pictures of upright and inverted primate faces in humans (homo sapiens), squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), and pigeons (columba livia).	humans (homo sapiens) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were tested for memory of upright and inverted primate faces. working memory was tested in experiment 1 with a delayed matching-to-sample procedure, and reference memory was examined in experiment 2 by requiring subjects to learn to discriminate between successive pairs of upright or inverted pictures. both human and monkey subjects showed better working memory for upright than for inverted human faces and better reference memory for ...	1994	8026162
administration of total parenteral nutrition in pigeons.	venous access devices connected to jugular vein catheters were implanted sc in 2 groups of 6 white carneau pigeons (columba livia). total parenteral nutrition (tpn), or a control solution (lactated ringer's solution) was infused as a bolus 4 times daily. physiologic, hematologic, and biochemical variables were monitored over 5 days. complications in the tpn-treated pigeons included 8.7% weight loss during the 5-day trial, hyperglycemia for up to 90 minutes after infusion, and glucosuria after in ...	1994	8067614
feeding rhythms in constant light and constant darkness: the role of the eyes and the effect of melatonin infusion.	exposure to constant light abolishes circadian behavioral rhythms of locomotion and feeding as well as circulating melatonin rhythms in pigeons (columba livia). to determine if feeding rhythmicity could be maintained in pigeons exposed to constant light, periodic infusions; (10 h/day) of melatonin were administered to pinealectomized and bilaterally retinectomized/pinealectomized pigeons under conditions of both constant darkness and constant light. the infusions were sufficient to entrain rhyth ...	1994	8083848
neuroactive substances in the developing dorsomedial telencephalon of the pigeon (columba livia): differential distribution and time course of maturation.	the avian hippocampal formation has previously been shown to contain many of the same neurotransmitters and related enzymes that are found in mammals. in order to determine whether the relatively delayed development of the mammalian hippocampus is typical of other vertebrates, we investigated the maturation of a variety of neuroactive substances in the hippocampal formation of the homing pigeon. the distribution of two transmitter-related enzymes, choline acetyltransferase (chat) and tyrosine hy ...	1994	7525663
local and commissural neuropeptide-containing projections of the nucleus of the solitary tract to the dorsal vagal complex in the pigeon.	the neuropeptide content of neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nts), which have local and commissural projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (dmnx) and to nts, were demonstrated in the pigeon (columba livia) by using a combined fluorescein-bead retrograde-transport-immunofluorescence technique. the specific peptides studied were bombesin, cholecystokinin, enkephalin, galanin, neuropeptide y, neurotensin, and substance p. perikarya immunoreactive for bombesin were located ...	1994	7529775
[the interaction of vestibular inputs with differing orientations of the otoliths in a gravitational field].	in alert pigeons columba livia effects of static tilts about fore-aft and binaural axes (angles of tilts: 30-40 deg) on neck and ocular nystagmus elicited by monaural galvanic stimulation of the lateral semicircular canals with sinusoidal currents (peak amplitudes: 20-100 microa; period: 35 sec) were investigated. it was shown that the same angles of the tilts elicited different changes of horizontal nystagmus parameters in different animals. in some of them changes of quantitative characteristi ...	1994	7534567
self-control across species (columba livia, homo sapiens, and rattus norvegicus).	data from six previous studies of self-control behavior were compared against predictions made by the matching law and by molar maximization. the studies involved pigeons (columba livia), rats (rattus norvegicus), and 3-year-old, 5-year-old, and adult humans (homo sapiens) who had received food as the reinforcer, and adult humans who had received points exchangeable for money as the reinforcer. neither theory proved to be an accurate or better predictor for all groups. in contrast to the predict ...	1994	8026163
transfer of a discrimination by pigeons (columba livia) between pictured locations and the represented environments.	in experiment 1, pigeons (columba livia) were trained in a successive slide presentation procedure to discriminate between pictures of 2 ends of a room and then trained to find food in the actual room. a congruent-transfer (ct) group learned the spatial discrimination more quickly than an incongruent-transfer (it) group. in experiment 2's replication we used a simultaneous slide presentation procedure and added a control group. the it group required significantly more trials than the ct or contr ...	1994	8026171
connections of the piriform cortex in homing pigeons (columba livia) studied with fast blue and wga-hrp.	the piriform cortex in homing pigeons receives a projection from the olfactory bulb and is necessary for the operation of those aspects of the navigational map based on olfactory stimuli in these animals. the afferent and efferent projections of the piriform cortex were studied using retrograde migration of wheat-germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) and fast blue, and anterograde migration of wga-hrp. the piriform cortex was found to receive projections from, and send projections to, ...	1994	8038984
the course and morphology of efferent nerve fibres in the papilla basilaris of the pigeon (columba livia).	this paper describes the course and morphology of efferent fibres in an avian cochlea. horseradish peroxidase stained efferent fibres in the pigeon papilla basilaris were identified by nomarski optics and camera lucida drawings. there are at least two types of efferent fibres: large thick fibres take mainly a transversal course and contact short and intermediate hair cells over the free basilar membrane as well as hyaline cells. large efferent fibres contact both hair cells and hyaline cells. sm ...	1994	8040096
distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the pigeon brain.	we have investigated the distribution of cholinergic perikarya and fibers in the brain of the pigeon (columba livia). with this aim, pigeon brain sections were processed immunohistochemically by using an antiserum specific for chicken choline acetyltransferase. our results show cholinergic neurons in the pigeon basal telencephalon, the hypothalamus, the habenula, the pretectum, the midbrain tectum, the dorsal isthmus,the isthmic tegmentum, and the cranial nerve motor nuclei. cholinergic fibers w ...	1994	8040363
ectoparasite virulence is linked to mode of transmission.	theory suggests that the evolution of parasite virulence is linked to the dynamics of parasite transmission. all else being equal, parasites transmitted vertically from parents to offspring should be less virulent than parasites capable of horizontal transmission to unrelated hosts. this is because the fitness of vertically transmitted parasites is tightly linked to the reproductive success of the host, whereas the fitness of horizontally transmitted parasites is relatively independent of host r ...	1994	8058799
[ethology of the pigeon (columba livia)].	an ethometrical analysis of street pigeons showed that most social interactions under conditions of overpopulation are of an aggressive nature. through various mechanisms this frequent aggressive behaviour leads to "slumlike" living conditions characterized by intraspecific stress. it is possible to characterize street pigeons in their urban environment by calculating the frequencies of the most important aggressive and sexually-motivated social interactions. behavioral patterns adapted to their ...	1994	7940514
the nmda-receptor antagonist mk-801 impairs navigational learning in homing pigeons.	the present study employed the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist mk-801 to investigate the possible importance of nmda receptor activation for naturally occurring spatial learning in birds by exploiting the navigational ability of homing pigeons (columba livia). control pigeons released from two unfamiliar release sites displayed vanishing bearings that were poorly oriented. however, when released a second time from the same sites they displayed improved homeward orientation. the c ...	1994	7945145
hippocampal lesions in pigeons (columba livia) disrupt reinforced preexposure but not overshadowing or blocking.	three experiments examined the effects of hippocampal lesions in pigeons on overshadowing, blocking, and a latent inhibition treatment (non-differential reinforced preexposure) using a simultaneous visual discrimination paradigm. the results showed that hippocampal damage did not influence overshadowing (experiment 1) or blocking (experiment 2) but did attenuate the retardation in conditioning associated with non-differential reinforced preexposure to to-be-discriminated stimuli (experiment 3). ...	1994	7972889
filariasis (pelecitus sp.) in the cervical subcutaneous tissue of a pigeon with trichomoniasis.	filariasis due to pelecitus was found in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck of a domestic pigeon from spain that died from trichomoniasis. macroscopically, filariae were observed in the congested and hemorrhagic cervical connective tissue. microscopically, a particular distribution of parasites with no inflammatory infiltrates was observed. adult nematodes were located in peritracheal connective tissue and in the deep zone of the subcutaneous tissue. microfilariae were mainly located in the sup ...	1994	7980294
[epizootiology and pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in domestic pigeons (columba livia f. domestica)].	the occurrence and expansion of avian mycobacteriosis in the pigeon, its sensitivity to infection and epizootological importance as a source of m. avium were investigated. a total of 470 pigeons were examined coming from seven localities with different epizootological situation in avian tuberculosis. tuberculous lesions were found out in 2 birds (0.43%) and mycobacteria were isolated from five birds (1.06%). four out of the five isolated strains of mycobacteria were pathogenic to the domestic fo ...	1994	7992471
visual acuity and hemispheric asymmetries in pigeons.	pigeons and domestic chicks tested under monocular conditions in pattern distinction tasks generally show higher discrimination performances with the right eye seeing. at least two different mechanisms could mediate this asymmetry: the dominance of the right eye could either be due to hemispheric differences in the cognitive operations performed during these tasks, or may reflect a lateralization in the spatial frequency discrimination capacity of the left and the right eye system. the aim of th ...	1994	8003246
three new recessive behavior mutants in the domestic pigeon.	descriptions and breeding tests are reported for three new mutants producing uncoordinated behavior in the domestic pigeon, columba livia. they were discovered by fanciers separately and have been named "erratic," "wobbly," and "crazy." the affected birds can survive and breed in cages, with some difficulty. all have shown simple autosomal recessive inheritance, and at least "erratic" and "crazy" are not alleles. maintenance of the mutants is generally best from matings of heterozygotes. gene sy ...	1994	8024535
plasma volume conservation in pigeons: effects of air temperature during dehydration.	we assessed the effects of the ambient air temperature prevailing during dehydration, which included complete water and food deprivation, on plasma volume (pv) conservation in pigeons (columba livia) exposed to air temperatures of 25 degrees c (n = 7), 36 degrees c (n = 12), and 40 degrees c (n = 24). the pigeons were dehydrated for 65.4, 32.3, and 27.7 h, on average, at 25, 36, and 40 degrees c, respectively. dehydration rates averaged 5, 10, and 15.2% of initial total body water (tbw) per day ...	1994	7810752
amino acid sequence of the alpha a- and beta-polypeptide chains of the ryukyu rufous turtle dove (streptopelia orientalis stimpsoni) hemoglobin.	only one hemoglobin component is recognized in the erythrocytes of the adult ryukyu rufous turtle dove. we have determined the amino acid sequence of the alpha a-globin and the beta-globin by conventional protein sequence analysis. the sequences of both the alpha a- and the beta-globins were highly similar to domestic pigeon hemoglobin. the alpha a-globin has 6 exchanges and beta-globin has 4 exchanges compared with the corresponding domestic pigeon chains.	1994	7811396
diurnal rhythms of plasma corticosterone concentrations in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) exposed to different light regimens, and the influence of frequent blood sampling.	the effects of two different light regimens and the frequency of blood sampling on the diurnal plasma corticosterone concentrations in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) were investigated. the daily light regimens tested were a period of light during the day (dl; lights on 0515-2215) and shifting of the light period by 12 hours (sl; lights on 1715-1015). in the first experiment, the influence of the frequency of blood sampling was investigated by comparing plasma corticosterone concentrati ...	1994	7832694
sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system of pigeons (columba livia domestica) to suppression by dexamethasone, cortisol, and prednisolone.	the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in pigeons (columba livia domestica) to glucocorticoid feedback was studied after single intravenous administration of dexamethasone (500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 micrograms/kg), cortisol (15,000, 3000, 1500, 300, 150, 30, 15, and 3 micrograms/kg), and prednisolone (3500, 700, 350, 70, 35, 7, 3.5, 0.7, and 0.35 micrograms/kg). dose responses, the threshold doses, and the onset of maximum suppression were determined by measuring ...	1994	7832695
potassium currents in mammalian and avian isolated type i semicircular canal hair cells.	1. type i vestibular hair cells were isolated from the cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals of the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) and the white king pigeon (columba livia). dissociated type i cells were distinguished from type ii hair cells by their neck to plate ratio (npr) and their characteristic amphora shape. 2. the membrane properties of gerbil and pigeon type i hair cells were studied in whole-cell voltage- and current-clamp using the perforated patch technique with amp ...	1994	8158233
salmonella contamination of the environment and its incidence in wild birds.	in 1984-1991, the incidence of salmonellas was studied in wild birds from various sites in the czech republic. on an agricultural farm with salmonellosis in calves, salmonellae were isolated from eight birds (seven passer domesticus, one serinus serinus) of 31 birds examined. on various agricultural farms with no salmonellosis in farm animals, salmonellae were found in two birds (columba livia f. domestica) of 2186 birds examined. of 35 birds caught at a municipal waste-dump site, salmonellae we ...	1994	7839754
visual and somatosensory inputs to the avian song system via nucleus uvaeformis (uva) and a comparison with the projections of a similar thalamic nucleus in a nonsongbird, columba livia.	nucleus uvaeformis (uva), previously identified as a component of song control circuitry in songbirds, and nucleus dorsolateralis posterior thalami, pars caudalis (dlpc) in pigeon, were compared with respect to their relative positions in the dorsolateral part of the posterior thalamus, their cell types, and their afferent and efferent projections. both nuclei are closely related to the habenulointerpeduncular tract, have similar cell types, and receive a dense projection from deep layers of the ...	1994	7860787
vitread proliferation of filamentous processes in avian müller cells and its putative functional correlates.	in order to examine to what extent the neuronal and metabolic activities of avascular vertebrate retinae are reflected in the morphology of their müller cells we have studied (by using several monoclonal antibodies) the morphology of müller cells in two species of diurnal birds (chicken, gallus domesticus, and pigeon, columba livia) and one species of nocturnal saltwater crocodiles (crocodylus porosi). in all three species, the outer nuclear layer is relatively thin and the müller cell trunks di ...	1994	7860802
structural and functional divergences of the columbid annexin i-encoding cp37 and cp35 genes.	annexin-i proteins in the pigeon are encoded by two genes. one encodes a constitutively expressed cp37 protein, and the other encodes a major prolactin (prl)-regulated protein (cp35). as one goal in understanding the differential regulation of these genes, we have determined a 10.8-kb genomic sequence of the cp37 gene containing 1.3 kb of 5'-flanking region and the first six exons. the promoters of cp37 and cp35 are 84% identical over the first 210 bp upstream from the transcription start point ...	1994	8206371
tunis virus: a new phlebovirus from argas reflexus hermanni ticks in tunisia.	a new phlebovirus provisionally named tunis virus has been isolated from argas reflexus hermanni ticks parasitizing domestic pigeons. it is the first isolation of an arbovirus from tunisia and the fourth tick-borne virus to be isolated from the moghreb following soldado, essaouira and kala iris in morocco. the pathogenic potential of this virus is briefly discussed according to the behaviour of its vector and previous serosurveys in the country.	1994	7726003
avian tuberculosis which occurred in an imported pigeon and pathogenicity of the isolates.	a tubercular lesion (15 mm in diameter) was found on the skin of the caudal part of the cloaca in a 2-year-old male carrier-pigeon. mycobacterium avium serovar 2 was isolated from the tubercular lesion on the skin and in the feces. the smooth and dome (smd) variant (4.9 x 10(6) cfu) and rough and granular (rg) variant (3.7 x 10(7) cfu) of the isolates were injected into chickens intravenously. the chickens inoculated with the rg variant died on the 39th day and the one with the smd variant died ...	1994	7948399
serum levels of prolactin and alpha-melanotrophin and structure of the ovary during the reproductive cycle of columba livia (domestic pigeon).	given the importance of the hormones prolactin and alpha-melanotrophin in the regulation of the mammalian reproductive cycle, it was decided to assess their serum levels during the reproductive cycle of columba livia (domestic pigeon). female pigeons were utilized in the stages of egg-laying, incubation and rearing. simultaneously, the structural changes of the ovary in the aforementioned periods were studied. the levels of prolactin and alpha-melanotrophin showed similar behaviour. the low conc ...	1994	8560068
the orientation of the e-vector of linearly polarized light does not affect the behaviour of the pigeon columba livia	orientation with reference to the time-compensated sun-azimuth compass has been established for the homing pigeon columba livia. previous qualitative studies claim that pigeons are sensitive to the orientation of a polarizer and it has been suggested that these animals are able to use sky-light polarization as an indirect reference to the sun's position when the latter is shielded from view. we report experiments which were undertaken to quantify the sensitivity of the homing pigeon to the orien ...	1994	9317437
isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon (columba livia) droppings in mexico city.	to determine the ecological and epidemiological significance of pigeon excrement in cryptococcosis in mexico city, 251 samples of pigeon droppings were studied. these were collected from houses, public buildings, churches, parks and pigeon nests. each sample was suspended 1:10 in isotonic saline solution and then cultured in staib medium. identification of cryptococcus neoformans was performed based on the development of brown-coloured colonies and the presence of encapsulated yeasts. of 251 sam ...	1994	7746290
extraction of haemoproteus columbae (haemosporina: haemoproteidae) antigen from rock dove pigeons (columba livia) and its use in an antibody elisa.	erythrocytic stages of haemoproteus columbae were extracted from the cytoplasm of nucleated red blood cells (rbc) of rock dove pigeons (columba livia) using cationic detergent (n,n',n'-polyoxyethylene(10)-n-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane [edta-20]) and discontinuous percoll gradient density. crude rbc extract (crbce) antigen was prepared. parasitized rbcs were more resistant to edta-20 action than unparasitized cells. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of anti-h. ...	1994	7931906
changes of endolymphatic pressure in the semicircular canal of pigeon by caloric stimulation.	it gets into difficult to explain the mechanism of caloric nystagmus only by convection theory from results of microgravity experiments. one of the other theories is an occurrence of a relative volume change due to a temperature change. since the volume change must lead to a pressure change after caloric stimulation, we tried to measure the ampulla pressure of the horizontal semicircular canal in pigeons (columba livia) using an improved servo micropipette system. the main result was that th ...	1994	11537945
changes of ampulla pressure in the semicircular canal of pigeons by caloric stimulation.	still now several hypotheses about the mechanisms of the caloric nystagmus have been in conclusive. in this study we confirmed the convection effect and the volume change effect of the endolymph in horizontal semicircular canal following the caloric stimulation using pigeons (columba livia). although the direction of the caloric nystagmus depended on the head position and the stimulus site of calorization, the caloric nystagmus disappeared after plugging of horizontal semicircular canal. on the ...	1994	11539516
properties of time-place learning by pigeons, columba livia.	pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. in experiment 1 food was available for periods of 15 min at each of four locations (pecking keys) during a 60-min trial. however, unlike the procedures used in a previous experiment (wilkie and willson, 1992, experiment 2), food availability did not change over time from one location to the next in a simple monotonic (e.g. counterclockwise) manner. despite mak ...	1994	24897416
pigeons.	this article reviews physiology, reproduction, housing, nutrition, and preventive medicine for domesticated pigeons. infectious and parasitic diseases are described. included is an extensive formulary of drugs used in pigeons.	1994	8109072
[ultrastructure and peculiarities of the otolith lagena in pigeons].	rosenhall reported the polarization of kinocilium of otolith organs in the avian inner ear by lm. however, the otolith lagena, which is called the third otolith organ, is not well known, especially in terms of the 3-dimensional relationship between each maculae (utricular maculae, saccular maculae, maculae of the otolith lagena), the details of the striola and otoconial layers, and so on. therefore, the author conducted a study to clarify these points using 20 columba domestica pigeons (40 ears) ...	1995	7602413
functional anatomy of the pigeon hand (columba livia): a muscle stimulation study.	the morphology and function of all muscles controlling the pigeon hand were analyzed. muscle action was determined in situ by inducing contraction via silver wire electrodes in anesthetized birds. emg electrodes were implanted in the test muscle and an adjacent muscle to monitor contraction and volume conduction respectively. results indicate that pigeons have fine control of hand and digit movements. however, the directions of movement are restricted. movements have been eliminated or severely ...	1995	29865332
an epidemic of fatal hepatic necrosis of viral origin in racing pigeons (columba livia).	in october 1992, a new disease characterised by acute death in racing pigeons of all ages was noted among the belgian pigeon population. clinical symptoms were minimal since affected birds usually died within 24 h. mortality in pigeon lofts usually amounted to 30%. the most typical necropsy finding was a yellow, pale and swollen liver. histological and cytological examinations revealed extensive focal or diffuse hepatic necrosis and the presence of eosinophilic or amphophilic nuclear inclusion b ...	1995	18645804
distortion of the gizzard in cyprus pigeons (columba livia) associated with hadjelia truncata infestation.	hadjelia truncata is well recognised as an avian parasite but is rarely reported as pathogenic. this paper describes severe disease in pigeons due to this parasite and is the first to describe the condition in cyprus. the morphology of the parasite and the associated lesions are described and illustrated and the pathogenesis of the condition is discussed.	1995	7676581
functional morphology of the vanes of the flight feathers of the pigeon columba livia	the functional morphology of feather vanes was examined by combining morphological examination with mechanical tests. a geometrical model was derived which related the in-plane behaviour of the vane to the orientation of the barbs and barbules. this predicted that the small branching angles of both barbs and proximal barbules should result in a vane which is easier to move distally than proximally. these predictions were verified by mechanical tests on primary and secondary feathers of the pigeo ...	1995	9319072
anatomical evidence of a retino-thalamo-hippocampal pathway in the pigeon (columba livia).	the aim of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of a retino-thalamo-hippocampal pathway in the pigeon and, more specifically, to identify its thalamic relay (n. superficialis parvocellularis: spc). fluorescence axonal tracing techniques were used combining the orthograde axonal transport of ritc after its intraocular injection and the retrograde axonal transport of various other fluorescent tracers (fb, fg, eb) injected into the hippocampal complex. since the n.spc has also been sh ...	1995	8568219
operant discrimination learning in detelencephalated pigeons (columba livia).	operant discrimination learning was analyzed in pigeons after massive telencephalic lesions. twenty-one pigeons were divided into three groups: non-lesioned (n = 6), sham-lesioned (n = 5) and telencephalon lesioned (n = 10). lesion surgeries were carried out before any experimental training. learning procedures were run in the same sequence for all groups and under a food deprivation of 80% of the ad libitum weight. successive discrimination was programmed by the alteration of red and yellow lig ...	1995	8634682
centrifugal projections upon the retina: an anterograde tracing study in the pigeon (columba livia).	previous work has shown that the avian retina receives two types of centrifugal fibers from the brain. these types can be distinguished based on the size and the morphology of their terminal endings and have been termed convergent and divergent. the centrifugal fibers arise from the isthmooptic nucleus (ion) and the surrounding ectopic cell region (ecr). we used injections of anterograde tracers either to the ion/ecr or to the ecr only to determine the morphology, depth of termination, and regio ...	1995	8636463
[the morphofunctional characteristics of the interstitial endocrinocytes (leydig cells) of the testes in vertebrates under conditions of seasonal change in reproductive activity].	by means of light and electron microscopy the structural organization of leydig cells was studied in rana ridibunda, lacerta agilis, columba livia in the periods of reproductive activity and reproductive break. the dynamics of structural changes of some parameters of the testicles (interstitial tissue square, endocrinocytes number, state of the cytoplasm, structural components and the volume of nuclei) was shown in the process of the reproductive activity seasonal changes. nuclear volume and the ...	1995	8688941
measurement of circadian rhythms of ocular melatonin in the pigeon by in vivo microdialysis.	ocular melatonin rhythms were measured in pigeons (columba livia) by in vivo microdialysis. the birds were placed in light-dark cycles with 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness (ld12:12) or continuous dim light (lldim) after ld12:12. under ld12:12, melatonin levels were low during the light and high during the dark. the rhythms persisted under lldim with lower levels during the subjective day and higher levels during the subjective night. two hours of light exposure in the middle of the night acut ...	1995	8742471
excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the nucleus rotundus of pigeons.	rotundal neurons in pigeons (columba livia) were examined for the effects of glutamate and its agonists nmda and ampa, antagonists cpp and cnqx, as well as of gaba and its antagonist bicuculline, on visual and tectal stimulation-evoked responses. glutamate applied by iontophoresis excited all 48 rotundal cells tested, and this excitation was blocked by cnqx but not by cpp in 98% of cases, with 2% of cells being blocked by either cnqx or cpp. out of 21 cells excited by ampa, 20 were also excited ...	1995	8924406
hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species.	the hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod)-inducing potency in ovo of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) was determined in the domestic chicken (gallus gallus), domestic pigeon (columba livia), great blue heron, and double-crested cormorant. dose-response curves were produced by injecting various doses of [3h]tcdd into the air sac of developing eggs during the latter third part of incubation. hepatic erod activities were measured in day-old hatchlings. liver, yolk, and wh ...	1995	7747276
the study of interactive effects of pollutants: a biomarker approach.	biochemical biomarkers, such as inhibition of serum butyryl cholinesterase (buche) and brain acetyl cholinesterase (ache), have been useful in studies of interactive effects of pesticides in birds. examples of interactions due to increased activation or decreased detoxication are reviewed. studies have shown that hybrid red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa cross) pretreated with the inducing ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting (ebi) fungicide, prochloraz, were more sensitive to the toxic effects ...	1995	7481747
encephalitic nematodiasis in a douglas squirrel and a rock dove ascribed to baylisascaris procyonis.		1995	7497427
intratelencephalic projections of the visual wulst in pigeons (columba livia).	the visual wulst is the telencephalic target of the thalamofugal visual pathway of birds, and thus the avian equivalent of the striate cortex of mammals. the anterograde tracer phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was used to follow the intratelencephalic connections of the major constituents of the visual wulst in pigeons. in particular, efferent pathways from the granular layer (intercalated nucleus of the hyperstriatum accessorium, iha), supragranular layer (hyperstriatum accessorium, ha), and ...	1995	7499547
dopaminergic innervation of the telencephalon of the pigeon (columba livia): a study with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine.	the dopaminergic structures in the telencephalon of the pigeon were investigated with antisera against glutaraldehyde-conjugated dopamine (da) and tyrosine hydroxylase (th). our goal was to describe the morphological patterns of the labelled axons and to provide a detailed map of the density and regional distribution of the dopaminergic innervation in relation to cytoarchitectonic areas. da- and th-like fibers reached their highest density in the paleostriatum augmentatum and the lobus parolfact ...	1995	7673478
comparative effects of mites and lice on the reproductive success of rock doves (columba livia).	we report experimental data comparing the effects of mesostigmatid mites and ischnoceran lice on the reproductive performance of a single group of captive rock doves (columba livia). several components of host reproductive success were compared for the two groups, including number of eggs laid, hatching success, nestling growth rates, fledging success, post-fledging body mass and survival. adult body mass and survival were also compared. there was a dramatic difference in the effects of the mite ...	1995	7885738
present state of research on house dust mites (pyroglyphidae) in the czech republic.	systematic research on house dust mites in the czech republic started in the early seventies, when mite fauna of human dwellings and distribution of pyroglyphid mites were studied. special attention was paid to old-age-pensioners' homes and children's sanatoria. pyroglyphidae were found also in the city air and in the dust of city pavements, especially in localities with high occurrence of domestic pigeons. while d. pteronyssinus and d. farinae mostly occurred in permanently inhabited flats, eur ...	1995	8553663
[tick-transmitted arbovirus in maghreb].	the problem of arbovirus infections in maghreb has been relatively neglected in the pst in spite of a rich diversity of biotopes, the presence of potential reservoirs and vectors, and their position on the flight path of the palearctic-african bird migration systems, western branch. moreover, west nile virus has been isolated from southern algeria since 1968. from 1979 to 1989, ticks were collected from wild birds, pigeons, bats, rodents, poultry, camels, wild boars, domestic mammals and man, an ...	1995	8555772
orientation invariant pattern recognition by pigeons (columba livia) and humans (homo sapiens).	the orientation invariance of visual pattern recognition in pigeons and humans was studied using a conditioned matching-to-sample procedure. a rotation effect, a lengthening of choice latencies with increasing angular disparities between sample and comparison stimuli, was replicated with humans. the choice speed and accuracy of pigeons was not affected by orientation disparities. novel mirror-image stimuli, rotation of sample shapes, a delayed display of comparison shapes, and a mixed use of ori ...	1995	7554824
serial learning with a wild card by pigeons (columba livia): effect of list length.	pigeons (columba livia) learned 3-, 4- or 5-item lists prior to subset and wild card tests. on the latter, a novel item replaced 1 of the list items. pigeons who learned 3-item lists responded accurately on all subset pairs (ab, bc, and ac) and on all types of 3-item wild card trials (wbc, awc, & abw). pigeons who learned 4- and 5-item lists responded at chance levels of accuracy on all subsets that did not contain a start or an end item (bc, bd, & cd, respectively, on 4- and 5-item subset tests ...	1995	7758291
effect of chemical sympathectomy on serum levels of thyroid hormones and the biochemical profile of domestic pigeons.	recent studies have stressed the importance of the cholinergic system on avian metabolism. however, the role of the sympathetic nervous system (sns) remains unclear. the present study was, therefore, aimed to probe the mechanisms for modulation of avian metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system after inhibition of the adrenergic responses. activities of serum thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine, t3, and thyroxine, t4), body weight, hepatic weight, as well as total lipid and water content in t ...	1995	7560761