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tissue lead concentrations and blood characteristics of rock doves from an urban setting in virginia. 19827103556
effect of chronic heat stress on adreno-medullary hormones & blood sugar response in blue rock pigeon columbia livia gmelin. 19827129546
afferents to the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei in pigeon (columba livia l.): central connections of jaw motoneurons.trigeminal and facial motor nuclei innervating the pigeon's jaw muscles were identified using a combination of microstimulation and emg recording and hrp injections were made iontophoretically. the trigeminal motor nucleus receives an ipsilateral projection from sensory neurons in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus which forms the afferent limb of the monosynaptic stretch reflex of the jaw-closers. both the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei receive bilateral projections from interneurons in t ...19827130458
hyperstriatal lesions in pigeons (columba livia): effects on retention and perseveration.two experiments explored the possibility that lesions of avian hyperstriatum, which disrupt reversal learning, might have that effect through a potentiation of the influence of proactive interference. neither experiment found any evidence to suggest excessive interference in hyperstriatal pigeons, from preceding training on a position (or color) discrimination, on retention of a color (or position) discrimination, and this was true both after a short (30 min) and after a long (6 or 7 day) retent ...19827142485
[autonomy of the centers of otolithic nystagmus].pigeons (columba livia) with unilaterally sectioned saccular nerves (ramuli sacculi) were rotated in the dark along the horizontal plane. the nystagmic reaction which developed when the vestibular apparatus was simultaneously exposed to otolith and canal stimuli, each of which taken separately caused nystagmus of the same direction, was less pronounced in the case of canal stimulation. this can be regarded as evidence indicating autonomicity of otolith nystagmus centers.19827144102
pharmacokinetics and tissue concentrations of tylosin in selected avian species.tissue and plasma concentrations and the biological half-life of tylosin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. the species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus virginianus), pigeons (columba livia), greater sandhill cranes (grus canadensis tabida), and emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). in the 1st phase of this study, tylosin was administered im to quail, pigeons, and emus at a dosage rate of 25 mg/kg of body weight and to cranes at a dosa ...19827149381
changes in the uropygial gland of juvenile male domestic pigeons following administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. 19827152236
protein polymorphism in a feral population of the pigeon columba livia domestica.sixteen enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins of the pigeon columba livia domestica were examined electrophoretically. these proteins were presumed to be under control by 22 loci. of the 22 loci, 6 were defined as polymorphic and 15 as monomorphic. another locus was variable, but the variation was not genetically interpretable. average heterozygosity calculated over 21 loci was 0.075.19827171133
efferent vestibular neurons: a study employing retrograde tracer methods in the pigeon (columba livia).efferent neurons innervating the vestibular labyrinth and cochlea of the pigeon have been identified by means of a variety of retrograde tracers: [3h]-adenosine (ad), horseradish peroxidase (hrp), evan's blue (eb) and bisbenzimide (bb). discrete injections into individual cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals, into the macula utriculi, or into several of these end organs resulted in similar patterns of neuronal labelling. efferent vestibular neurons were always found within a small porti ...19817204661
the ultrastructure of ruffini and herbst corpuscles in the articular capsule of domestic pigeon.the present study identifies two types of sensory nerve endings in the articular capsule of the shoulder joint of domestic pigeons: ruffini corpuscles (spray-like endings), and herbst corpuscles. ruffini corpuscles occur in the fibrous membrane of the articular capsule and consist of two to four branched cylindrical segments within a network of fascicles of collagen fibers. at the terminal ends of the cylinders the perineural sheaths of the capsule are deficient and surround the fascicles of col ...19807212317
drinking and changes in blood pressure in response to angiotensin ii in the pigeon columba livia.1. angiotensin ii is as potent a stimulus to drink in pigeons as it is in mammals. there are striking similarities in the action of this peptide in pigeons and mammals. 2. angiotensin ii injected intracranially, i.v. or i.p. consistently caused short-latency and vigorous drinking in pigeons but no other behaviour. drinking was completed rapidly and intakes were very large, sometimes in excess of 10% of the bird's body weight. 3. the latency to drink and the amount drunk were dose dependent for a ...19817230039
changes in lipid content during the post-hatching development of the brain of altricial birds.the post-hatching development of the brain was studied in three altricial birds (those whose development is completed after hatching), namely, the domestic pigeon, house swift and house sparrow, to assess the state of maturity of the brain at the time that the fledglings leave the nest. maturity is related to the process of myelination and, therefore, sudan black was chosen as it is a sensitive indicator of myelin lipids. on hatching, it was found that sudanophilia was very low in all three bird ...19817251396
monoamine oxidase in brain maturation: a histochemical study during posthatching development in altricial birds.monoamine oxidase was studied histochemically in the brain of three altricial birds, domestic pigeon house swift and house sparrow, during posthatching development. it was found that there was a steady increase in the activity of the enzyme in all areas of the brain of the three birds. the medulla and thalamus showed adult pattern of maturation by 15-20 days in sparrow while the optic lobes and cerebellum did so by 25 days in the former and 11 days in the latter. the cerebral hemispheres showed ...19817264281
pharmacokinetics of cephalothin and cephalexin in selected avian species.plasma concentrations and the biological half-lives of cephalothin and cephalexin in avian species of a variety of body sizes and metabolic rates were studied. the species chosen were eastern bobwhite quail (colinus v virginianus), pigeons (columba livia), hybrid rosybill ducks (netta sp), greater sandhill cranes (grus canadensis tabida), and emus (dromiceius novaehollandiae). in the 1st phase of the study, cephalothin sodium was given im in a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. plasma concentrati ...19817283231
relative physiological activity of calcitonin in the thyroid and ultimobranchial glands of the pigeon, columba livia gmelin. 19817286614
optokinetic nystagmus in the pigeon (columba livia). i. study in monocular and binocular vision. 19817308352
efferent vestibular neurons. electrophysiological evidence for axon collateralization to cristae ampullares in the pigeon (columba livia).extracellular spikes were recorded under general anaesthesia from the cell bodies of efferent vestibular neurons located in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus of the pigeon. discrete electrical stimuli, applied directly to the three ampullary nerve branches in one labyrinth and to the anterior ramus of the vestibular nerve trunk in the other labyrinth, evoked antidromic spikes which served to identify efferent neurons. most cells could be antidromically driven only by stimuli to the vestibular ...19817315258
[the sinuatrial node of the avian heart (author's transl)].comparative histologic observations were made of the sinuatrial nodes of avian hearts from a short-tailed shearwater (puffinus tenuirostris), a black-crowned night heron (nycticorax nycticorax), two ducks (anas platyrhycha domestica), eight japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), a pigeon (columba livia domestica), a macaw (ara macao), three budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus) and a jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchos). the node lies between the right atrial myocardium and epicardium at th ...19817318931
extratelencephalic pathways and feeding behavior in the pigeon (columba livia).electrolytic lesions were placed in the tractus septomesencephalicus (tsm) and tractus occipitomesencephalicus (tom), efferent pathways originating in visual and somatosensorimotor areas of the avian telencephalon and distributing widely to brain stem and spinal nuclear regions. lesion effects upon several aspects of ingestive behavior were examined using high speed cinematography, operant conditioning procedures and monitoring of intake and feeding responses. while there was no evidence for dir ...19817326570
[demonstration of campylobacter jejuni in fecal samples of clinically healthy-carrier-pigeons]. 19817337645
gentamicin tissue concentration in various avian species following recommended dosage therapy.plasma and tissue drug concentrations were compared in eastern bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus virginianus) and pigeons (columba livia) given gentamicin by im administration at the dosage of 10 mg/kg, and in greater sandhill cranes (grus canadensis tabida) and hybrid rosybill ducks (netta sp) given the same antibiotic at a dosage of 5 mg/kg. quail and cranes had significantly higher liver concentrations of gentamicin at 6 hours after injection than did pigeons and ducks. cranes had significa ...19817340581
optokinetic nystagmus in the domestic pigeon. effects of foveal lesions.using both binocular and monocular viewing conditions, optokinetic nystagmus (okn) frequency-velocity functions were measured before and after ophthalmic laser-produced retinal lesions. with binocular viewing conditions, the range of effective pattern velocities and the upper velocity threshold increased by 20--30 degrees/sec in subjects with both foveas lesioned, and by 12 degrees/sec in a subject with only a single foveal lesion. subjects with parafoveal lesions showed no change in postlesion ...19807370730
ferromagnetic coupling to muscle receptors as a basis for geomagnetic field sensitivity in animals.over the past decade several investigators have provided convincing evidence that the orientation of pigeons and other birds during homing and migrational activities is significantly affected by earth-strength (less than or equal to 0.5 g) magnetic fields. the presumed mediator of such effects would be a highly sensitive magnetoreceptor which the birds would normally use to extract navigational information from the geomagnetic field. the recently reported measurement of magnet remanence in honey ...19807374763
operant conditioning studies of taste discrimination in the pigeon (columba livia). 19807384241
central representation and somatotopic organization of the jaw muscles within the facial and trigeminal nuclei of the pigeon (columba livia).the location of facial and trigeminal brainstem motoneurons innervating the jaw muscles of the pigeon has been determined, using the technique of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. trigeminal motoneurons innervating the jaw closing muscles are located within the classically defined main trigeminal motor nucleus, and their organization exhibits approximately a mediolateral somatotopy. trigeminal neurons innervating the opener muscle of the upper jaw are also located in the main trige ...19807410611
ultrastructure of the herbst corpuscle from beak skin of the pigeon.in serial sections of the lamellar sensory herbst corpuscle from beak skin of the domestic pigeon the authors followed the change in the ultrastructural picture in sections led at different levels of the corpuscle. in the proximal part of the corpuscle the inner core is formed by only a small number of broad lamellae whose number subsequently increases so that in the middle of the length there are much more lamellae and they are quite narrow. this situation is probably given by the fact that the ...19807415398
spectral transmission of the ocular media of the pegion (columba livia).spectrophotometric and microspectrophotometric measures of relative spectral transmission were obtained from the cornea, lens, and vitreous body and from the whole eye of young and adult pigeons. transmission was above 90% throughout the visible spectrum and was maintained at or above 50% into the near-uv at 310 nm. no age-related changes in transmission were found. the results concur with the pigeon's behavioral uv-detection abilities.19807429773
regulatory drinking in the pigeon columba livia.pigeons were subjected to stimuli known to induce regulatory drinking in mammals. water-satiated birds drank in response to intravenous (iv) hypertonic nacl, intraperitoneal (ip) hyperoncotic polyethylene glycol (peg) (20 m), iv infusions of angiotensinamide, subcutaneous (sc) isoprenaline, and iv chicken kidney extract. intravenous porcine renin failed to elicit a major drinking response. drinking after water deprivation was reduced by an iv preload of isotonic saline. water intake after iv hyp ...19807435592
[effect of sectioning saccular nerves (ramuli sacculi) on cervical nystagmus in pigeons (columba livia)]. 19807439437
a direct connection between visual wulst and tectum opticum in the pigeon (columba livia) demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase.labelled neurons were observed bilaterally in part of the visual wulst (hyperstriatum accessorium and hyperstriatum intercalatum superior) following unilateral injection of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase into the tectum opticum of pigeons. no labelling was observed in hyperstriatum dorsale. horseradish peroxidase positive fibres running through the tractus septomensencephalicus and ending bilaterally in the tectum opticum were found following injection of the enzyme into hyperstriatum accesso ...19807458532
the study of interactive effects of pollutants: a biomarker approach.biochemical biomarkers, such as inhibition of serum butyryl cholinesterase (buche) and brain acetyl cholinesterase (ache), have been useful in studies of interactive effects of pesticides in birds. examples of interactions due to increased activation or decreased detoxication are reviewed. studies have shown that hybrid red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa cross) pretreated with the inducing ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting (ebi) fungicide, prochloraz, were more sensitive to the toxic effects ...19957481747
encephalitic nematodiasis in a douglas squirrel and a rock dove ascribed to baylisascaris procyonis. 19957497427
intratelencephalic projections of the visual wulst in pigeons (columba livia).the visual wulst is the telencephalic target of the thalamofugal visual pathway of birds, and thus the avian equivalent of the striate cortex of mammals. the anterograde tracer phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin was used to follow the intratelencephalic connections of the major constituents of the visual wulst in pigeons. in particular, efferent pathways from the granular layer (intercalated nucleus of the hyperstriatum accessorium, iha), supragranular layer (hyperstriatum accessorium, ha), and ...19957499547
neuroactive substances in the developing dorsomedial telencephalon of the pigeon (columba livia): differential distribution and time course of maturation.the avian hippocampal formation has previously been shown to contain many of the same neurotransmitters and related enzymes that are found in mammals. in order to determine whether the relatively delayed development of the mammalian hippocampus is typical of other vertebrates, we investigated the maturation of a variety of neuroactive substances in the hippocampal formation of the homing pigeon. the distribution of two transmitter-related enzymes, choline acetyltransferase (chat) and tyrosine hy ...19947525663
local and commissural neuropeptide-containing projections of the nucleus of the solitary tract to the dorsal vagal complex in the pigeon.the neuropeptide content of neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nts), which have local and commissural projections to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (dmnx) and to nts, were demonstrated in the pigeon (columba livia) by using a combined fluorescein-bead retrograde-transport-immunofluorescence technique. the specific peptides studied were bombesin, cholecystokinin, enkephalin, galanin, neuropeptide y, neurotensin, and substance p. perikarya immunoreactive for bombesin were located ...19947529775
[the interaction of vestibular inputs with differing orientations of the otoliths in a gravitational field].in alert pigeons columba livia effects of static tilts about fore-aft and binaural axes (angles of tilts: 30-40 deg) on neck and ocular nystagmus elicited by monaural galvanic stimulation of the lateral semicircular canals with sinusoidal currents (peak amplitudes: 20-100 microa; period: 35 sec) were investigated. it was shown that the same angles of the tilts elicited different changes of horizontal nystagmus parameters in different animals. in some of them changes of quantitative characteristi ...19947534567
orientation invariant pattern recognition by pigeons (columba livia) and humans (homo sapiens).the orientation invariance of visual pattern recognition in pigeons and humans was studied using a conditioned matching-to-sample procedure. a rotation effect, a lengthening of choice latencies with increasing angular disparities between sample and comparison stimuli, was replicated with humans. the choice speed and accuracy of pigeons was not affected by orientation disparities. novel mirror-image stimuli, rotation of sample shapes, a delayed display of comparison shapes, and a mixed use of ori ...19957554824
effect of chemical sympathectomy on serum levels of thyroid hormones and the biochemical profile of domestic pigeons.recent studies have stressed the importance of the cholinergic system on avian metabolism. however, the role of the sympathetic nervous system (sns) remains unclear. the present study was, therefore, aimed to probe the mechanisms for modulation of avian metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system after inhibition of the adrenergic responses. activities of serum thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine, t3, and thyroxine, t4), body weight, hepatic weight, as well as total lipid and water content in t ...19957560761
age-related changes of the noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase reactive nerve fibres innervating the pigeon bursa of fabricius.age-dependent changes in the innervation of the pigeon (columba livia, l.) bursa of fabricius, from hatching to 120 days of age, were studied by fluorescence-histochemical and neurochemical methods for demonstrating noradrenergic and acetylcholinesterase (ache)-reactive nerve fibres respectively. the distribution of both nerve fibre types was largely perivascular. furthermore, a few isolated nerve fiber profiles were observed beneath the bursal epithelium, in the interfollicular septa and in the ...19957598221
[ultrastructure and peculiarities of the otolith lagena in pigeons].rosenhall reported the polarization of kinocilium of otolith organs in the avian inner ear by lm. however, the otolith lagena, which is called the third otolith organ, is not well known, especially in terms of the 3-dimensional relationship between each maculae (utricular maculae, saccular maculae, maculae of the otolith lagena), the details of the striola and otoconial layers, and so on. therefore, the author conducted a study to clarify these points using 20 columba domestica pigeons (40 ears) ...19957602413
dopaminergic innervation of the telencephalon of the pigeon (columba livia): a study with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine.the dopaminergic structures in the telencephalon of the pigeon were investigated with antisera against glutaraldehyde-conjugated dopamine (da) and tyrosine hydroxylase (th). our goal was to describe the morphological patterns of the labelled axons and to provide a detailed map of the density and regional distribution of the dopaminergic innervation in relation to cytoarchitectonic areas. da- and th-like fibers reached their highest density in the paleostriatum augmentatum and the lobus parolfact ...19957673478
distortion of the gizzard in cyprus pigeons (columba livia) associated with hadjelia truncata infestation.hadjelia truncata is well recognised as an avian parasite but is rarely reported as pathogenic. this paper describes severe disease in pigeons due to this parasite and is the first to describe the condition in cyprus. the morphology of the parasite and the associated lesions are described and illustrated and the pathogenesis of the condition is discussed.19957676581
regional differences along the small intestine of the pigeon (columba livia): histobiochemical evidences.mucosal surface area, protein, dna and rna content, [3h]-thymidine incorporation, total activity of glucosidases, peptidases, phosphatases and transaminases were measured in the duodenum and in the middle and lower parts of the small intestine of the domestic pigeon columba livia. mucosal surface area, protein, nucleic acid content and [3h]-thymidine incorporation were significantly higher in the duodenum and in the middle part of the small intestine than in the lower part. whereas the activitie ...19937691216
tunis virus: a new phlebovirus from argas reflexus hermanni ticks in tunisia.a new phlebovirus provisionally named tunis virus has been isolated from argas reflexus hermanni ticks parasitizing domestic pigeons. it is the first isolation of an arbovirus from tunisia and the fourth tick-borne virus to be isolated from the moghreb following soldado, essaouira and kala iris in morocco. the pathogenic potential of this virus is briefly discussed according to the behaviour of its vector and previous serosurveys in the country.19947726003
isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from pigeon (columba livia) droppings in mexico city.to determine the ecological and epidemiological significance of pigeon excrement in cryptococcosis in mexico city, 251 samples of pigeon droppings were studied. these were collected from houses, public buildings, churches, parks and pigeon nests. each sample was suspended 1:10 in isotonic saline solution and then cultured in staib medium. identification of cryptococcus neoformans was performed based on the development of brown-coloured colonies and the presence of encapsulated yeasts. of 251 sam ...19947746290
hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase-inducing potency in ovo and cytosolic ah receptor binding affinity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: comparison of four avian species.the hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod)-inducing potency in ovo of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) was determined in the domestic chicken (gallus gallus), domestic pigeon (columba livia), great blue heron, and double-crested cormorant. dose-response curves were produced by injecting various doses of [3h]tcdd into the air sac of developing eggs during the latter third part of incubation. hepatic erod activities were measured in day-old hatchlings. liver, yolk, and wh ...19957747276
serial learning with a wild card by pigeons (columba livia): effect of list length.pigeons (columba livia) learned 3-, 4- or 5-item lists prior to subset and wild card tests. on the latter, a novel item replaced 1 of the list items. pigeons who learned 3-item lists responded accurately on all subset pairs (ab, bc, and ac) and on all types of 3-item wild card trials (wbc, awc, & abw). pigeons who learned 4- and 5-item lists responded at chance levels of accuracy on all subsets that did not contain a start or an end item (bc, bd, & cd, respectively, on 4- and 5-item subset tests ...19957758291
plasma volume conservation in pigeons: effects of air temperature during dehydration.we assessed the effects of the ambient air temperature prevailing during dehydration, which included complete water and food deprivation, on plasma volume (pv) conservation in pigeons (columba livia) exposed to air temperatures of 25 degrees c (n = 7), 36 degrees c (n = 12), and 40 degrees c (n = 24). the pigeons were dehydrated for 65.4, 32.3, and 27.7 h, on average, at 25, 36, and 40 degrees c, respectively. dehydration rates averaged 5, 10, and 15.2% of initial total body water (tbw) per day ...19947810752
amino acid sequence of the alpha a- and beta-polypeptide chains of the ryukyu rufous turtle dove (streptopelia orientalis stimpsoni) hemoglobin.only one hemoglobin component is recognized in the erythrocytes of the adult ryukyu rufous turtle dove. we have determined the amino acid sequence of the alpha a-globin and the beta-globin by conventional protein sequence analysis. the sequences of both the alpha a- and the beta-globins were highly similar to domestic pigeon hemoglobin. the alpha a-globin has 6 exchanges and beta-globin has 4 exchanges compared with the corresponding domestic pigeon chains.19947811396
diurnal rhythms of plasma corticosterone concentrations in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) exposed to different light regimens, and the influence of frequent blood sampling.the effects of two different light regimens and the frequency of blood sampling on the diurnal plasma corticosterone concentrations in racing pigeons (columba livia domestica) were investigated. the daily light regimens tested were a period of light during the day (dl; lights on 0515-2215) and shifting of the light period by 12 hours (sl; lights on 1715-1015). in the first experiment, the influence of the frequency of blood sampling was investigated by comparing plasma corticosterone concentrati ...19947832694
sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system of pigeons (columba livia domestica) to suppression by dexamethasone, cortisol, and prednisolone.the sensitivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in pigeons (columba livia domestica) to glucocorticoid feedback was studied after single intravenous administration of dexamethasone (500, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 micrograms/kg), cortisol (15,000, 3000, 1500, 300, 150, 30, 15, and 3 micrograms/kg), and prednisolone (3500, 700, 350, 70, 35, 7, 3.5, 0.7, and 0.35 micrograms/kg). dose responses, the threshold doses, and the onset of maximum suppression were determined by measuring ...19947832695
salmonella contamination of the environment and its incidence in wild birds.in 1984-1991, the incidence of salmonellas was studied in wild birds from various sites in the czech republic. on an agricultural farm with salmonellosis in calves, salmonellae were isolated from eight birds (seven passer domesticus, one serinus serinus) of 31 birds examined. on various agricultural farms with no salmonellosis in farm animals, salmonellae were found in two birds (columba livia f. domestica) of 2186 birds examined. of 35 birds caught at a municipal waste-dump site, salmonellae we ...19947839754
visual and somatosensory inputs to the avian song system via nucleus uvaeformis (uva) and a comparison with the projections of a similar thalamic nucleus in a nonsongbird, columba livia.nucleus uvaeformis (uva), previously identified as a component of song control circuitry in songbirds, and nucleus dorsolateralis posterior thalami, pars caudalis (dlpc) in pigeon, were compared with respect to their relative positions in the dorsolateral part of the posterior thalamus, their cell types, and their afferent and efferent projections. both nuclei are closely related to the habenulointerpeduncular tract, have similar cell types, and receive a dense projection from deep layers of the ...19947860787
vitread proliferation of filamentous processes in avian müller cells and its putative functional correlates.in order to examine to what extent the neuronal and metabolic activities of avascular vertebrate retinae are reflected in the morphology of their müller cells we have studied (by using several monoclonal antibodies) the morphology of müller cells in two species of diurnal birds (chicken, gallus domesticus, and pigeon, columba livia) and one species of nocturnal saltwater crocodiles (crocodylus porosi). in all three species, the outer nuclear layer is relatively thin and the müller cell trunks di ...19947860802
comparative effects of mites and lice on the reproductive success of rock doves (columba livia).we report experimental data comparing the effects of mesostigmatid mites and ischnoceran lice on the reproductive performance of a single group of captive rock doves (columba livia). several components of host reproductive success were compared for the two groups, including number of eggs laid, hatching success, nestling growth rates, fledging success, post-fledging body mass and survival. adult body mass and survival were also compared. there was a dramatic difference in the effects of the mite ...19957885738
extraction of haemoproteus columbae (haemosporina: haemoproteidae) antigen from rock dove pigeons (columba livia) and its use in an antibody elisa.erythrocytic stages of haemoproteus columbae were extracted from the cytoplasm of nucleated red blood cells (rbc) of rock dove pigeons (columba livia) using cationic detergent (n,n',n'-polyoxyethylene(10)-n-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane [edta-20]) and discontinuous percoll gradient density. crude rbc extract (crbce) antigen was prepared. parasitized rbcs were more resistant to edta-20 action than unparasitized cells. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of anti-h. ...19947931906
[ethology of the pigeon (columba livia)].an ethometrical analysis of street pigeons showed that most social interactions under conditions of overpopulation are of an aggressive nature. through various mechanisms this frequent aggressive behaviour leads to "slumlike" living conditions characterized by intraspecific stress. it is possible to characterize street pigeons in their urban environment by calculating the frequencies of the most important aggressive and sexually-motivated social interactions. behavioral patterns adapted to their ...19947940514
the nmda-receptor antagonist mk-801 impairs navigational learning in homing pigeons.the present study employed the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonist mk-801 to investigate the possible importance of nmda receptor activation for naturally occurring spatial learning in birds by exploiting the navigational ability of homing pigeons (columba livia). control pigeons released from two unfamiliar release sites displayed vanishing bearings that were poorly oriented. however, when released a second time from the same sites they displayed improved homeward orientation. the c ...19947945145
avian tuberculosis which occurred in an imported pigeon and pathogenicity of the isolates.a tubercular lesion (15 mm in diameter) was found on the skin of the caudal part of the cloaca in a 2-year-old male carrier-pigeon. mycobacterium avium serovar 2 was isolated from the tubercular lesion on the skin and in the feces. the smooth and dome (smd) variant (4.9 x 10(6) cfu) and rough and granular (rg) variant (3.7 x 10(7) cfu) of the isolates were injected into chickens intravenously. the chickens inoculated with the rg variant died on the 39th day and the one with the smd variant died ...19947948399
hippocampal lesions in pigeons (columba livia) disrupt reinforced preexposure but not overshadowing or blocking.three experiments examined the effects of hippocampal lesions in pigeons on overshadowing, blocking, and a latent inhibition treatment (non-differential reinforced preexposure) using a simultaneous visual discrimination paradigm. the results showed that hippocampal damage did not influence overshadowing (experiment 1) or blocking (experiment 2) but did attenuate the retardation in conditioning associated with non-differential reinforced preexposure to to-be-discriminated stimuli (experiment 3). ...19947972889
filariasis (pelecitus sp.) in the cervical subcutaneous tissue of a pigeon with trichomoniasis.filariasis due to pelecitus was found in the subcutaneous tissue of the neck of a domestic pigeon from spain that died from trichomoniasis. macroscopically, filariae were observed in the congested and hemorrhagic cervical connective tissue. microscopically, a particular distribution of parasites with no inflammatory infiltrates was observed. adult nematodes were located in peritracheal connective tissue and in the deep zone of the subcutaneous tissue. microfilariae were mainly located in the sup ...19947980294
[epizootiology and pathogenesis of avian mycobacteriosis in domestic pigeons (columba livia f. domestica)].the occurrence and expansion of avian mycobacteriosis in the pigeon, its sensitivity to infection and epizootological importance as a source of m. avium were investigated. a total of 470 pigeons were examined coming from seven localities with different epizootological situation in avian tuberculosis. tuberculous lesions were found out in 2 birds (0.43%) and mycobacteria were isolated from five birds (1.06%). four out of the five isolated strains of mycobacteria were pathogenic to the domestic fo ...19947992471
visual acuity and hemispheric asymmetries in pigeons.pigeons and domestic chicks tested under monocular conditions in pattern distinction tasks generally show higher discrimination performances with the right eye seeing. at least two different mechanisms could mediate this asymmetry: the dominance of the right eye could either be due to hemispheric differences in the cognitive operations performed during these tasks, or may reflect a lateralization in the spatial frequency discrimination capacity of the left and the right eye system. the aim of th ...19948003246
three new recessive behavior mutants in the domestic pigeon.descriptions and breeding tests are reported for three new mutants producing uncoordinated behavior in the domestic pigeon, columba livia. they were discovered by fanciers separately and have been named "erratic," "wobbly," and "crazy." the affected birds can survive and breed in cages, with some difficulty. all have shown simple autosomal recessive inheritance, and at least "erratic" and "crazy" are not alleles. maintenance of the mutants is generally best from matings of heterozygotes. gene sy ...19948024535
memory for pictures of upright and inverted primate faces in humans (homo sapiens), squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus), and pigeons (columba livia).humans (homo sapiens) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were tested for memory of upright and inverted primate faces. working memory was tested in experiment 1 with a delayed matching-to-sample procedure, and reference memory was examined in experiment 2 by requiring subjects to learn to discriminate between successive pairs of upright or inverted pictures. both human and monkey subjects showed better working memory for upright than for inverted human faces and better reference memory for ...19948026162
self-control across species (columba livia, homo sapiens, and rattus norvegicus).data from six previous studies of self-control behavior were compared against predictions made by the matching law and by molar maximization. the studies involved pigeons (columba livia), rats (rattus norvegicus), and 3-year-old, 5-year-old, and adult humans (homo sapiens) who had received food as the reinforcer, and adult humans who had received points exchangeable for money as the reinforcer. neither theory proved to be an accurate or better predictor for all groups. in contrast to the predict ...19948026163
transfer of a discrimination by pigeons (columba livia) between pictured locations and the represented environments.in experiment 1, pigeons (columba livia) were trained in a successive slide presentation procedure to discriminate between pictures of 2 ends of a room and then trained to find food in the actual room. a congruent-transfer (ct) group learned the spatial discrimination more quickly than an incongruent-transfer (it) group. in experiment 2's replication we used a simultaneous slide presentation procedure and added a control group. the it group required significantly more trials than the ct or contr ...19948026171
connections of the piriform cortex in homing pigeons (columba livia) studied with fast blue and wga-hrp.the piriform cortex in homing pigeons receives a projection from the olfactory bulb and is necessary for the operation of those aspects of the navigational map based on olfactory stimuli in these animals. the afferent and efferent projections of the piriform cortex were studied using retrograde migration of wheat-germ agglutinin horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) and fast blue, and anterograde migration of wga-hrp. the piriform cortex was found to receive projections from, and send projections to, ...19948038984
the course and morphology of efferent nerve fibres in the papilla basilaris of the pigeon (columba livia).this paper describes the course and morphology of efferent fibres in an avian cochlea. horseradish peroxidase stained efferent fibres in the pigeon papilla basilaris were identified by nomarski optics and camera lucida drawings. there are at least two types of efferent fibres: large thick fibres take mainly a transversal course and contact short and intermediate hair cells over the free basilar membrane as well as hyaline cells. large efferent fibres contact both hair cells and hyaline cells. sm ...19948040096
distribution of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the pigeon brain.we have investigated the distribution of cholinergic perikarya and fibers in the brain of the pigeon (columba livia). with this aim, pigeon brain sections were processed immunohistochemically by using an antiserum specific for chicken choline acetyltransferase. our results show cholinergic neurons in the pigeon basal telencephalon, the hypothalamus, the habenula, the pretectum, the midbrain tectum, the dorsal isthmus,the isthmic tegmentum, and the cranial nerve motor nuclei. cholinergic fibers w ...19948040363
ectoparasite virulence is linked to mode of transmission.theory suggests that the evolution of parasite virulence is linked to the dynamics of parasite transmission. all else being equal, parasites transmitted vertically from parents to offspring should be less virulent than parasites capable of horizontal transmission to unrelated hosts. this is because the fitness of vertically transmitted parasites is tightly linked to the reproductive success of the host, whereas the fitness of horizontally transmitted parasites is relatively independent of host r ...19948058799
administration of total parenteral nutrition in pigeons.venous access devices connected to jugular vein catheters were implanted sc in 2 groups of 6 white carneau pigeons (columba livia). total parenteral nutrition (tpn), or a control solution (lactated ringer's solution) was infused as a bolus 4 times daily. physiologic, hematologic, and biochemical variables were monitored over 5 days. complications in the tpn-treated pigeons included 8.7% weight loss during the 5-day trial, hyperglycemia for up to 90 minutes after infusion, and glucosuria after in ...19948067614
feeding rhythms in constant light and constant darkness: the role of the eyes and the effect of melatonin infusion.exposure to constant light abolishes circadian behavioral rhythms of locomotion and feeding as well as circulating melatonin rhythms in pigeons (columba livia). to determine if feeding rhythmicity could be maintained in pigeons exposed to constant light, periodic infusions; (10 h/day) of melatonin were administered to pinealectomized and bilaterally retinectomized/pinealectomized pigeons under conditions of both constant darkness and constant light. the infusions were sufficient to entrain rhyth ...19948083848
pigeons.this article reviews physiology, reproduction, housing, nutrition, and preventive medicine for domesticated pigeons. infectious and parasitic diseases are described. included is an extensive formulary of drugs used in pigeons.19948109072
photocurrents in retinal rods of pigeons (columba livia): kinetics and spectral sensitivity.1. membrane photocurrents were recorded from outer segments of isolated retinal rods of pigeons (columba livia), the first such measurements on the photoreceptors of a bird. the amplitude of the response to 20 ms flashes of narrow wavelength bands of light increases linearly with intensity at low photon fluxes and saturates at higher intensities. the maximum (saturating) photocurrent observed in forty-nine rod cells was 50 pa. larger responses with less variability in the intensity for half-maxi ...19938120835
nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve of the pigeon: localization of peptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive fibers.the distribution of peptide and serotonin fibers in the nucleus of the solitary tract (nts) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnx) in the pigeon (columba livia) was investigated immunocytochemically. this information was correlated with the viscerotopic organization of the nuclei and with central nts circuitry to suggest the role of the neurochemical containing fibers in the regulation of organ function. the distribution of fibers containing cholecystokinin (cck), calcitonin gene ...19938132859
an unusual outbreak of streptococcus bovis septicaemia in racing pigeons (columba livia).in december 1991, an outbreak of streptococcus bovis septicaemia occurred in a belgian pigeon loft where 25 male and 25 female racing pigeons were housed. the main clinical signs included inability to fly and poor breeding results. none of the female pigeons and only one male pigeon was able to fly. nine affected pigeons were necropsied. histologically a tenosynovitis of the tendon of the deep pectoral muscle was observed in most of them and s bovis was isolated from the canalis triosseus or the ...19948135007
potassium currents in mammalian and avian isolated type i semicircular canal hair cells.1. type i vestibular hair cells were isolated from the cristae ampullares of the semicircular canals of the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) and the white king pigeon (columba livia). dissociated type i cells were distinguished from type ii hair cells by their neck to plate ratio (npr) and their characteristic amphora shape. 2. the membrane properties of gerbil and pigeon type i hair cells were studied in whole-cell voltage- and current-clamp using the perforated patch technique with amp ...19948158233
jaw muscle (emg) activity and amplitude scaling of jaw movements during eating in pigeon (columba livia)during each phase of the pigeon's eating sequence, jaw opening amplitude (gape) is adjusted to the size of the food object; first prior to contact (grasping), again in positioning the food (stationing), and finally, during its movement through the oral cavity (intraoral transport). part i of this study examined jaw movement kinematics during ingestion of different size food pellets to determine the relative contribution of velocity and rise time variables. part ii specified the muscle activity p ...19948182561
drinking behavior and jaw muscle (emg) activity in the pigeon (columba livia).the relation between jaw movements and jaw muscle activity was examined during two different types of drinking in pigeons: "tip" and "rictus" drinking. the amplitude and duration of jaw opening is greater for "rictus" than for "tip" drinking, but both types involve individual cycles of jaw-opening and closing movements, organized into bouts. cycle duration increases gradually over the initial portion of the bout and is relatively constant thereafter. each drinking cycle is composed of an initial ...19948182562
oral and dermal toxicity of organophosphate pesticides in the domestic pigeon (columba livia). 19948186631
structural and functional divergences of the columbid annexin i-encoding cp37 and cp35 genes.annexin-i proteins in the pigeon are encoded by two genes. one encodes a constitutively expressed cp37 protein, and the other encodes a major prolactin (prl)-regulated protein (cp35). as one goal in understanding the differential regulation of these genes, we have determined a 10.8-kb genomic sequence of the cp37 gene containing 1.3 kb of 5'-flanking region and the first six exons. the promoters of cp37 and cp35 are 84% identical over the first 210 bp upstream from the transcription start point ...19948206371
the visual acuity for the lateral visual field of the pigeon (columba livia).previous studies on pigeons indicated that the visual acuity for the frontal visual field was much higher than that for the lateral one. suspecting that the poor values for the lateral field were due to suboptimal testing conditions, we determined the lateral field acuity in eight head-fixed pigeons with high-contrast square-wave gratings. an instrumental conditioning task with water as reinforcer and mandibulation as an operant was used. subjects achieved a mean acuity value of 12.6 c/deg. the ...19938236853
connections of the auditory forebrain in the pigeon (columba livia).ascending auditory efferents in birds terminate mainly within field l2, a cytoarchitectonically distinct region of the caudomedial telencephalon. the organization of field l2, and that of its flanking regions, l1 and l3, was investigated with 14c-2-deoxyglucose (14c-2-dg), cytochrome oxidase, and both retrograde and anterograde tracing techniques. field l2 was found to contain a high concentration of cytochrome oxidase. following auditory stimulation, 14c-2-dg autoradiography revealed that field ...19938276991
an experimental test of the site specificity of preening to control lice in feral pigeons.site specificities of ectoparasites on the host may have evolved due to the selective pressure exerted by host grooming. the present study demonstrates that the efficiency of avian preening varies among sites on the host. the study relies on the simple idea that the effectiveness of preening behavior to control lice can be quantified by the removal rate of dead lice glued onto the feathers of living birds. two treatments were done to document site-specific differences in the efficiency of preeni ...19938277395
roles of adrenal and gonadal steroids and season in uropygial gland function in male pigeons, columba livia.to gauge the relative regulative roles of adrenal, gonadal, and thyroid hormones on uropygial gland of male adult pigeons, morphometric, histological, and histochemical observations have been made on a seasonal basis in normal as well as experimentally manipulated birds. normal birds showed a parallel adrenal-gonadal-uropygial relationship and inverse adrenal-thyroid, thyroid-gonadal, and thyroid-uropygial relationships. induced hypocorticalism by dexamethasone in the breeding season and hyperco ...19938282171
food deprivation- vs. intraventricular adrenaline-induced feeding and postprandial behaviors in the pigeon (columba livia).the present study was designed to investigate possible similarities between the feeding and postprandial behavioral profile observed after different periods of food deprivation and after intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of adrenaline (a) (30 nmol/microliter) in satiated pigeons (columba livia). the results indicate that the postprandial sleep-like behavior increases observed after a treatment are similar only to those observed after prolonged periods of fasting. these parallel behavioral ...19938295943
the visual response properties of neurons in the nucleus of the basal optic root of the northern saw-whet owl (aegolius acadicus).the nucleus of the basal optic root (nbor) in birds is a component of the accessory optic system (aos) which is involved in the analysis of visual flowfields normally resulting from self-motion. using standard extracellular techniques, we recorded from 81 single-unit and multi-unit clusters in the nbor of the northern saw-whet owl, aegolius acadicus, an avian species that has a visual system with frontal emphasis. these cells responded best to large patterns of random dots moving either upward ( ...19948306188
[peliás, columba livia, the rock pigeons, as nomenclature]. 19938333009
whole-body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: ii. food/water/weight effects in wild rodent and avian species.separate inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute/subacute food intake (g), water intake (ml), and body weight (g) effects of four whole-body phosphoric-acids-aerosol exposures in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus); subacute effects of two exposures were studied in rock doves (columba livia). a 95% red phosphorus/5% butyl rubber (rp/br) mixture was burned to produce the aerosol. each study involved (1) 3 rp/br target concentration groups (0.0, 1.0, and 4.0 mg/l), ( ...19938345534
pharmacokinetics and anthelmintic efficacy of febantel in the racing pigeon (columba livia).this paper reports on the pharmacokinetics and the efficacy of febantel against capillaria obsignata and ascaridia columbae in the racing pigeon. febantel was rapidly cleared from the circulation and highly metabolized. the efficacy of febantel against capillaria and ascaridia was studied on lightly and heavily infected pigeons. the efficacy against ascaridia was 100% for the faecal egg count reduction (fecr) as well as for the worm reduction in all treated pigeons. after two treatments with feb ...19938345572
antibody prevalence and isolation of chlamydia psittaci from pigeons (columba livia).the isolation of chlamydia psittaci and serological detection of chlamydia-specific antibodies in racing pigeons and pigeons from public parks is described. several serological methods (complement fixation test, indirect microimmunofluorescence test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were compared with bacteriological techniques (isolation both in embryonated eggs and mccoy cell monolayers). tests confirmed that 28.6%, 33.5%, and 35.9% of the pigeons, respectively, were seropositive by the ...19938363515
variations of glycolytic kinases and pentose-phosphate pathway dehydrogenases in response to lead accumulation in hemopoietic cells of rock doves (columba livia). 19938387841
stimulatory effects on lactotrophs and crop-sac of interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 in pigeons (columba livia).the ultrastructural effects of human-recombinant interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta) and human-recombinant interleukin-2 (il-2) on the crop-sac (the target organ for prolactin secretion in birds) and the anterior pituitary lactotrophs, were studied in pigeons (columba livia). the intraventricular microinfusion of the two interleukins produced maximal crop-sac stimulation with milk-like secretion, as demonstrated by the observation of ultrastructural changes in the lactiferous areas through scanning a ...19938406140
the object-line inferiority effect in pigeons.eight pigeons (columba livia) were trained to discriminate between diagonal lines presented alone or embedded in a redundant l-shape right-angle form. the stimuli were white and were presented in an environment that was otherwise totally dark. numerous experiments done with human observers have shown a strong superiority effect when the diagonal lines are embedded in redundant contexts. however, in experiment 1 of the present study, the pigeons discriminated significantly better between the two ...19938433900
discrimination of duration ratios by pigeons (columba livia) and humans (homo sapiens).humans (homo sapiens) were trained on 2 versions of a 2-alternative, forced-choice procedure. first, subjects judged which of 2 successive stimulus durations was longer. second, subjects judged whether the ratio of the 2 durations was less or greater than a criterion ratio (e.g., 2:1). accuracy was significantly lower for the task in which the judgment was made according to the ratio of the 2 durations. this result is different than that obtained by fetterman, dreyfus, and stubbs (1989), who tra ...19938444016
effects of ablation of the presumed equivalent of the mammalian prefrontal cortex on pigeon homing.pigeons (columba livia) with bilateral ablation of the postero-dorsolateral neostriatum and the overlying corticoid were compared with unoperated control subjects in homing from both familiar and unfamiliar sites. before the operation all the pigeons were subjected to 8 training flights from a site destined to be the familiar one. postoperatively, the groups did not differ in orientation from the familiar site. in their releases from unfamiliar sites, however, the operated birds oriented in the ...19938484893
lateral hyperstriatal lesions disrupt simultaneous but not successive conditional discrimination learning of pigeons (columba livia).in 2 experiments we explored the effects of lateral versus medial laminar lesions of the hyperstriatum in pigeons (columba livia); medical lesions were largely confined to the hyperstriatum accessorium, and lateral lesions to the hyperstriatum dorsale and hyperstriatum ventrale. in experiment 1, lateral, but not medial, lesions disrupted acquisition of a simultaneous conditional discrimination; both medial and lateral lesions disrupted reversal of the discrimination. the reversal deficits of the ...19938484894
whole body exposures to a phosphoric acids aerosol: i. spontaneous activity effects in wild rodent and avian species.two inhalation-chamber studies were conducted to assess acute (2-h out-of-chamber) and subacute (< or = 6 d postexposure) spontaneous activity effects of whole-body phosphoric acids aerosol exposure(s) in black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) and rock doves (columba livia). the aerosol was generated using a red phosphorus/butyl rubber (rp/br) mixture under development as a military obscurant. each study involved (1) 3 rp/br target concentration groups [0.0 (controls), 1.0, and 4.0 mg/ ...19938501771
transmission of antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii through eggs and "crop milk" in pigeons.young semi-domesticated pigeons captured or hatched from eggs gathered in bratislava during 1989-1991 were examined for complement fixing antibodies to chlamydia psittaci and agglutinating antibodies to coxiella burnetii. antibodies to ch. psittaci were present in 76% of birds younger than 24 h, in 47.7% between 1 and 10 days of age and in 12% of nestlings over 10 days old. antibodies to ch. psittaci were also detected in "crop milk" of 4.1% of 1 to 10 day old birds and in 4.5% of specimens olde ...19938519359
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