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an evaluation of the impact of aloe vera and licorice extracts on the course of experimental pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 infection in pigeons.the progressive decrease in the efficiency of synthetic drugs has prompted research into phytogenic feed additives with potentially immunomodulatory and anti-infective properties. complex diseases with a mixed etiology, including viral, pose a growing problem in domestic pigeons. the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of various doses of aloe vera and licorice extracts on the course of experimental ppmv-1 infection in pigeons. the experiment was performed on pigeons divided int ...201829182728
the orientation of homing pigeons (columba livia f.d.) with and without navigational experience in a two-dimensional environment.homing pigeons are known for their excellent homing ability, and their brains seem to be functionally adapted to homing. it is known that pigeons with navigational experience show a larger hippocampus and also a more lateralised brain than pigeons without navigational experience. so we hypothesized that experience may have an influence also on orientation ability. we examined two groups of pigeons (11 with navigational experience and 17 without) in a standard operant chamber with a touch screen ...201729176875
effects of in ovo feeding of l-arginine on hatchability, hatching time, early posthatch development, and carcass traits in domestic pigeons (columba livia).the objective of this research was to test the hypothesis that in ovo feeding of arginine (arg) may improve hatchability and posthatch performance in domestic pigeons (). a completely randomized design ( = 3) with an arg feeding treatment (arg group, 1.14 mg arg dissolved in 200 μl of 0.75% nacl buffered saline as 1% concentration compared to total arg in the egg), a buffered saline feeding treatment (sc group, 7.5 g nacl dissolved in 1 l sterile distilled water as the concentration of poultry p ...201729108055
effects of in ovo feeding of cationic amino acids on hatchability, hatch weights, and organ developments in domestic pigeon squabs (columba livia).this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo feeding of cationic amino acids on hatchability, hatch weights, and organ developments in pigeon squabs. two experiments were conducted in this study. eggs in exp. 1 were subjected to modification of in ovo feeding in pigeons. optimal time was determined by checking amniotic fluid volume, and suitable length was confirmed through ink injection. results showed that the optimum time of in ovo feeding was on d 13 of embryonic development, an ...201829077950
transmitter receptors reveal segregation of the arcopallium/amygdala complex in pigeons (columba livia).at the beginning of the 20th century it was suggested that a complex group of nuclei in the avian posterior ventral telencephalon is comparable to the mammalian amygdala. subsequent findings, however, revealed that most of these structures share premotor characteristics, while some indeed constitute the avian amygdala. these developments resulted in 2004 in a change of nomenclature of these nuclei, which from then on were named arcopallial or amygdala nuclei and referred to as the arcopallium/am ...201829063593
head stabilization in the pigeon: role of vision to correct for translational and rotational disturbances.stabilization of the head in animals with limited capacity to move their eyes is key to maintain a stable image on the retina. in many birds, including pigeons, a prominent example for the important role of head stabilization is the characteristic head-bobbing behavior observed during walking. multimodal sensory feedback from the eyes, the vestibular system and proprioceptors in body and neck is required to control head stabilization. here, we trained unrestrained pigeons (columba livia) to stan ...201729051726
changes in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters in domestic pigeon (columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing.this study aimed to evaluate the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism-related parameters of adult male and female white king pigeons (columba livia) during incubation and chick rearing. at day 4 (i4), 10 (i10) and 17 (i17) of incubation and day 1 (r1), 7 (r7), 15 (r15) and 25 (r25) of chick rearing, livers were sampled from six pigeons for each sex. glycogen and fat contents, activities of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, hk; 6-phosphofructokinase, 6-pfk), and genes expressions of key enzymes inv ...201729024108
analysis of genetic diversity in pigeon pea germplasm using retrotransposon-based molecular markers.pigeon pea (cajanus cajan), an important legume crop is predominantly cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of asia and africa. it is normally considered to have a low degree of genetic diversity, an impediment in undertaking crop improvement programmes.we have analysed genetic polymorphism of domesticated pigeon pea germplasm (47 accessions) across the world using earlier characterized panzee retrotransposon-based molecularmarkers. itwas conjectured that since retrotransposons are inte ...201728947703
differential projections of the densocellular and intermediate parts of the hyperpallium in the pigeon (columba livia).the visual wulst in birds shows a four-layered structure: apical part of the hyperpallium (ha), interstitial part of ha (iha), intercalated part of hyperpallium (hi), and densocellular part of hyperpallium (hd). hd also connects with the hippocampus and olfactory system. because hd is subjacent to hi, the two have been treated as one structure in many studies, and the fiber connections of hd have been examined by afferents and efferents originating outside hd. however, to clarify the difference ...201828891049
putative adult neurogenesis in two domestic pigeon breeds (columba livia domestica): racing homerversusutility carneau pigeons.generation of neurons in the brains of adult birds has been studied extensively in the telencephalon of song birds and few studies are reported on the distribution of pcna and dcx in the telencephalon of adult non-song learning birds. we report here on adult neurogenesis throughout the brains of two breeds of adult domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica), the racing homer and utility carneau using endogenous immunohistochemical markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) for proliferati ...201728852390
homing pigeons (columba livia) modulate wingbeat characteristics as a function of route familiarity.mechanisms of avian navigation have received considerable attention, but whether different navigational strategies are accompanied by different flight characteristics is unknown. managing energy expenditure is critical for survival; therefore, understanding how flight characteristics, and hence energy allocation, potentially change with birds' familiarity with a navigational task could provide key insights into the costs of orientation. we addressed this question by examining changes in the wing ...201728814611
craniofacial diversification in the domestic pigeon and the evolution of the avian skull.a central question in evolutionary developmental biology is how highly conserved developmental systems can generate the remarkable phenotypic diversity observed among distantly related species. in part, this paradox reflects our limited knowledge about the potential for species to both respond to selection and generate novel variation. consequently, the developmental links between small-scale microevolutionary variations within populations to larger macroevolutionary patterns among species remai ...201728812673
how pigeons couple three-dimensional elbow and wrist motion to morph their wings.birds change the shape and area of their wings to an exceptional degree, surpassing insects, bats and aircraft in their ability to morph their wings for a variety of tasks. this morphing is governed by a musculoskeletal system, which couples elbow and wrist motion. since the discovery of this effect in 1839, the planar 'drawing parallels' mechanism has been used to explain the coupling. remarkably, this mechanism has never been corroborated from quantitative motion data. therefore, we measured h ...201728794161
differential expression of fatty acid transporters and fatty acid synthesis-related genes in crop tissues of male and female pigeons (columba livia domestica) during incubation and chick rearing.1. the growth performance of squabs reared solely by male or female parent pigeons was measured, and the changes of lipid content of crop milk and the expression profiles of genes potentially involved in lipid accumulation by crop tissues of parent pigeons were evaluated during incubation and chick rearing. 2. squabs increased in body weight during 25 d of rearing, whereas both male and female pigeons lost weight after finishing rearing chicks, and the weight loss of male pigeons was significant ...201728752767
do 'literate' pigeons (columba livia) show mirror-word generalization?many children pass through a mirror stage in reading, where they write individual letters or digits in mirror and find it difficult to correctly utilize letters that are mirror images of one another (e.g., b and d). this phenomenon is thought to reflect the fact that the brain does not naturally discriminate left from right. indeed, it has been argued that reading acquisition involves the inhibition of this default process. in the current study, we tested the ability of literate pigeons, which h ...201728707141
prevalence of haemoproteus spp. in tumbler pigeons (columba livia domestica) in kirikkale province, turkey.haemoproteus spp. are common blood parasites of pigeons. they have been reported in pigeons in many regions worldwide, including turkey. pigeon breeding is a popular hobby in kirikkale province, and there is no information about the prevalence of haemoproteus spp. the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of haemoproteus spp. in tumbler pigeons in kirikkale province (kırıkkale and yahsihan district).201728695828
avian semen collection by cloacal massage and isolation of dna from sperm.collection of semen may be useful for a wide range of applications including studies involving sperm quality, sperm telomere dynamics, and epigenetics. birds are widely used subjects in biological research and are ideal for studies involving repeated sperm samples. however, few resources are currently available for those wishing to learn how to collect and extract dna from avian sperm. here we describe cloacal massage, a gentle, non-invasive manual technique for collecting avian sperm. although ...201829443060
sex-biased transcriptomic response of the reproductive axis to stress.stress is a well-known cause of reproductive dysfunction in many species, including birds, rodents, and humans, though males and females may respond differently. a powerful way to investigate how stress affects reproduction is by examining its effects on a biological system essential for regulating reproduction, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis. often this is done by observing how a stressor affects the amount of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol or corticosterone, circulating in th ...201829378207
gastrointestinal helminths of two populations of wild pigeons (columba livia) in brazil.the present study analyzed gastrointestinal helminth communities in 265 wild pigeons (columba livia) living in the municipalities of são paulo and tatuí, state of são paulo, brazil, over a one-year period. the birds were caught next to grain storage warehouses and were necropsied. a total of 790 parasites comprising one nematode species and one cestode genus were recovered from 110 pigeons, thus yielding an overall prevalence of 41.5%, mean intensity of infection of 7.2 ± 1.6 (range 1-144) and d ...201729211134
boldness traits, not dominance, predict exploratory flight range and homing behaviour in homing pigeons.group living has been proposed to yield benefits that enhance fitness above the level that would be achieved through living as solitary individuals. dominance hierarchies occur commonly in these social assemblages, and result, by definition, in resources not being evenly distributed between group members. determinants of rank within a dominance hierarchy can be associated with morphological characteristics, previous experience of the individual, or personality traits such as exploration tendenci ...201728673912
cutaneous leiomyosarcoma with multiple visceral metastases in a domestic pigeon.a clinical examination of a 4-yr-old fantail pigeon revealed a large skin tumor in the area of the left wing. the tumor had solid consistency and a single cavity filled with fluid. during necropsy, multiple tumors of varied size and diameter were found in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. a histopathological examination of the skin tumor revealed extensive multifocal neoplasia with a tendency to infiltrate, composed of polygonal, round, oval, and elongated cells forming a solid system wi ...201728665730
acute lameness in a roller pigeon ( columba livia ) with multicentric lymphosarcoma.a 3-yr-old adult female roller pigeon ( columba livia ) used as part of a breeding pair for an ongoing research study presented with acute left limb lameness. palpation of the left leg and region revealed a large lump near the coxofemoral joint. the bird was able to ambulate in the cage, but would not brood her hatchling. the bird was humanely euthanized and necropsy was performed. grossly, multiple large white to pale tan nodules were noted in the pancreas, lung, rib cage, intestines, and unila ...201728665728
diversity and abundance of human-pathogenic fungi associated with pigeon faeces in urban environments.pathogenic fungi are a growing health concern worldwide, particularly in large, densely populated cities. the dramatic upsurge of pigeon populations in cities has been implicated in the increased incidence of invasive fungal infections. in this study, we used a culture-independent, high-throughput sequencing approach to describe the diversity of clinically relevant fungi (crf) associated with pigeon faeces and map the relative abundance of crf across seoul, korea. in addition, we tested whether ...201728636808
do pigeons (columba livia) use information about the absence of food appropriately? a further look into suboptimal choice.in the natural environment, when an animal encounters a stimulus that signals the absence of food-a 'bad-news' stimulus-it will most likely redirect its search to another patch or prey. because the animal does not pay the opportunity cost of waiting in the presence of a bad-news stimulus, the properties of the stimulus (e.g., its duration and probability) may have little impact in the evolution of the decision processes deployed in these circumstances. hence, in the laboratory, when animals are ...201728481567
ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of pigeon (columba livia) cadaver intact humeri and ostectomized humeri stabilized with caudally applied titanium locking plate or stainless steel nonlocking plate constructs.objective to evaluate mechanical properties of pigeon (columba livia) cadaver intact humeri versus ostectomized humeri stabilized with a locking or nonlocking plate. sample 30 humeri from pigeon cadavers. procedures specimens were allocated into 3 groups and tested in bending and torsion. results for intact pigeon humeri were compared with results for ostectomized humeri repaired with a titanium 1.6-mm screw locking plate or a stainless steel 1.5-mm dynamic compression plate; the ostectomized hu ...201728441055
molecular cloning and functional characterization of duck nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (nod1).nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (nod1) is an imperative cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr) and considered as a key member of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family which plays a critical role in innate immunity through sensing microbial components derived from bacterial peptidoglycan. in the current study, the full-length of duck nod1 (dunod1) cdna from duck embryo fibroblasts (defs) was cloned. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that dunod1 ex ...201728431894
pigeons (columba livia) show change blindness in a color-change detection task.change blindness is a phenomenon whereby changes to a stimulus are more likely go unnoticed under certain circumstances. pigeons learned a change detection task, in which they observed sequential stimulus displays consisting of individual colors back-projected onto three response keys. the color of one response key changed during each sequence and pecks to the key that displayed the change were reinforced. pigeons showed a change blindness effect, in that change detection accuracy was worse when ...201728429095
widespread patterns of sexually dimorphic gene expression in an avian hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis.the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis is a key biological system required for reproduction and associated sexual behaviors to occur. in the avian reproductive model of the rock dove (columba livia), we characterized the transcript community of each tissue of the hpg axis in both sexes, thereby significantly expanding our mechanistic insight into hpg activity. we report greater sex-biased differential expression in the pituitary as compared to the hypothalamus, with multiple genes more hi ...201728417958
pigeonetics takes flight: evolution, development, and genetics of intraspecific variation.intensive artificial selection over thousands of years has produced hundreds of varieties of domestic pigeon. as charles darwin observed, the morphological differences among breeds can rise to the magnitude of variation typically observed among different species. nevertheless, different pigeon varieties are interfertile, thereby enabling forward genetic and genomic approaches to identify genes that underlie derived traits. building on classical genetic studies of pigeon variation, recent molecul ...201727847323
measurement of intraocular pressure in the domestic pigeon (columbia livia).the purpose of this study was to establish intraocular pressure values in clinically normal pigeons. one hundred (52 male and 48 female) healthy pigeons ( columbia livia ) of six different breeds, ranging in age from 20 to 51 mo were used in the study. pigeons were gently physically restrained in a dorsoventral position without any pressure or extension to the head and neck. a rebound tonometer with a disposable probe was held horizontally and 4-5 mm from the central corneal surface. calibration ...201627691937
discrimination of human faces by archerfish (toxotes chatareus).two rival theories of how humans recognize faces exist: (i) recognition is innate, relying on specialized neocortical circuitry, and (ii) recognition is a learned expertise, relying on general object recognition pathways. here, we explore whether animals without a neocortex, can learn to recognize human faces. human facial recognition has previously been demonstrated for birds, however they are now known to possess neocortex-like structures. also, with much of the work done in domesticated pigeo ...201627272551
evaluation of osteogenic potentials of avian demineralized bone matrix in the healing of osseous defects in pigeons.to evaluate avian allogeneic demineralized bone matrix (dbm) in the healing of long bone defects as a function of geometry and time in a pigeon model.201525656987
qualitative and quantitative evaluation of avian demineralized bone matrix in heterotopic beds.to evaluate the osteogenic potential of avian demineralized bone matrix (dbm) in the context of implant geometry.201324117844
ethnobotanic importance of plants used in pigeon-breeding in eastern spain.the importance that birds of the columbidae family have had throughout history is visible on the mediterranean coast. pigeon fancying is the art of breeding and training carrier pigeons and currently, several breeds exist. the sport of racing pigeons consists in covering a distance at maximum possible speed. however, pigeon breeding has another modality called "sport pigeon", where several males follow a female. this study focusses on ethnobotanical knowledge of native and exotic plant species t ...201323688245
[new drugs for small animals in 2011].in 2011, nine active pharmaceutical ingredients were released on the german market for small animals. those are the cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitor cimicoxib (cimalgex®), the opium-derived analgesic methadone (comfortan®), the antiemetic metoclopramide (emeprid®), the corticosteroid mometasone furoate in combination with the antifungal agent posaconazole (posatex®), the fluorchinolone-antibiotic pradofloxacin (veraflox®), the insecticide spinosad (comfortis®), the cytostatic toceranib (palladia®) and ...201223076019
smoke signals and carrier pigeons. 201222572061
infections with sarcocystis wenzeli are prevalent in the chickens of yunnan province, china, but not in the flocks of domesticated pigeons or ducks.the distribution and prevalence of infections with species of sarcocystis in domestic fowl in asia are poorly known. here, ducks, pigeons, and chickens from yunnan province, china were examined for evidence of parasitic infection with sarcocystis spp. one hundred and ninety one chickens, 514 ducks, and nine pigeons were investigated. whereas the ducks and pigeons lacked tissue cysts in their muscle, brain or peripheral nervous system, cysts of sarcocystis wenzeli were identified in 17 of 191 chi ...201222426033
[medico-legal assessment of the injuries of fatal victims of building collapse at katowice international fair in katowice/chorzów on january 28, 2006].on january 28, 2006, during an exhibition of carrier pigeons, the roof of one of the buildings at katowice international fair collapsed. at the time of accident, there were 700 people in the building--65 died and 171 were injured. it was the biggest building disaster in the history of modern poland. the aim of this study was to present the type (character) of the observed injuries, the cause of death of 48 fatal victims and the range of activities and medico-legal examinations performed in the d ...201522117484
[correlation analysis between mc3r and mc4r gene polymorphism and growth traits in pigeon.].the snps in partial coding sequence of mc3r and mc4r genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) analysis and dna sequencing in shack-kee and columba domestica from harbin area. correlation analysis between mc3r and mc4r polymorphism and growth and body composition traits was carried by the least square analysis. the genotypes of t91g mutation in mc3r gene and a903g mutation in mc4r gene proved to have significant association ...200818930895
the effect of clock-shift on the initial orientation of wild rock doves ( columba l. livia).previous experiments on wild rock doves ( columba l. livia gmelin) released within their familiar area revealed an evident effect of fast-shifting, although shifted doves, but not controls, tended to orient homeward. such an outcome suggested a possible influence of the release time per se on the directional choices of the tested doves. in the present study, this hypothesis was investigated by comparing the orientation of slow-shifted birds to that of two control groups released at different tim ...200312835836
concentrations of chromium, manganese, and lead in air and in avian eggs.the expansion of urbanization introduces air pollution to wildlife areas. some metal contaminants occurring in concentrations too small to have any measurable impact on adult birds may seriously affect embryos that are more sensitive to contaminants than the adult. chromium, manganese, and lead are toxic and can be passed from the hen to the egg. this study relates the concentrations of these metals in eggs to their concentrations in air in three cities. rock dove eggs were sampled and air pollu ...200212395831
impact of feather molt on ectoparasites: looks can be deceiving.animals possess a variety of well-documented defenses against ectoparasites, including morphological, behavioral, and immune responses. another possible defense that has received relatively little attention is the shedding of the host's exterior. the conventional wisdom is that ectoparasite abundance is reduced when birds molt their feathers, mammals molt their hair, and reptiles shed their skin. we carried out an experimental test of this hypothesis for birds by manipulating molt in feral pigeo ...200228547687
[ultrastructure and peculiarities of the otolith lagena in pigeons].rosenhall reported the polarization of kinocilium of otolith organs in the avian inner ear by lm. however, the otolith lagena, which is called the third otolith organ, is not well known, especially in terms of the 3-dimensional relationship between each maculae (utricular maculae, saccular maculae, maculae of the otolith lagena), the details of the striola and otoconial layers, and so on. therefore, the author conducted a study to clarify these points using 20 columba domestica pigeons (40 ears) ...19957602413
pigeons.this article reviews physiology, reproduction, housing, nutrition, and preventive medicine for domesticated pigeons. infectious and parasitic diseases are described. included is an extensive formulary of drugs used in pigeons.19948109072
[safety of a new anticoccidial agent, clazuril, during reproduction in carrier pigeons].in a six-month study, the safety of repeated treatments with clazuril, a new anticoccidial agent for the treatment of pigeons, was evaluated during 4 to 5 consecutive reproduction cycles. clazuril was administered weekly at the recommended therapeutic dose level of 2.5 mg/pigeon and at twice this dose. the results were compared to placebo treatment. evaluation was based on the following parameters: reproductive behaviour, egg laying, fertilisation, embryonic mortality, hatching, percentage of we ...19883376074
[clazuril: a new anticoccidial agent for pigeons].the effectiveness of clazuril (appertex), a new anticoccidial agent for the treatment of pigeons is described in the present study. clazuril, a benzene-acetonitrile derivative, is administered in a single dose. in laboratory studies, 121 carrier pigeons infected with e. labbeana and e. columbarum were treated once with clazuril in gelatin capsules at dose levels of 10 mg, 5 mg, 2.5 mg, 1.25 mg, 0.63 mg or with a placebo. when a single dose of 2.5 mg and higher was administered, all faecal sample ...19883376073
tissue lead concentrations and blood characteristics of rock doves from an urban setting in virginia. 19827103556
[incidence of ornithosis-psittacosis and herpetic infections in carrier pigeons and psittacines in belgium]. 19816273985
[infestation of carrier pigeons with obligatory ectoparasitic arthropods spp. in germany]. 19751200966
[following carrier-pigeons in helicopter. ii]. 19734792590
[topographically dependent biapical and slanted circle divisions in the initial orientation of dispatched carrier pigeons]. 19685730086
[comparison of the orientation and home range capacities of various age groups in carrier pigeons]. 19685730079
[effect of acth and prednisolone on the functional zonation of the adrenal gland in the pigeon (columba domestica)]. 196514329843
the fine structure of the "feather epithelium" in the dove, columba domestica. 196114463626
[drug supply in emergencies-discovery of photography by carrier pigeons]. 195914443851
[does the homecoming speed of carrier pigeons depend on hormonal influences]. 195813609597
caliber spectra of nerve fibers in the pigeon (columba domestica). 195613385379
[increased performance of carrier pigeons effected by embryonal heart extract (corhormon)]. 195513309409
[effects of repeated convulsions produced by electroshock on the ovulation of the columba domestica]. 201515441862
collagen fiber orientation pattern, osteon morphology and distribution, and presence of laminar histology do not distinguish torsion from bending in bat and pigeon wing bones.bone can adapt to its habitual load history at various levels of its hierarchical structural and material organization. however, it is unclear how strongly a bone's structural characteristics (e.g. cross-sectional shape) are linked to microstructural characteristics (e.g. distributions of osteons and their vascular canals) or ultrastructural characteristics [e.g. patterns of predominant collagen fiber orientation (cfo)]. we compared the cross-sectional geometry, microstructure and ultrastructure ...201930924933
like chimpanzees (pan troglodytes), pigeons (columba livia domestica) match and nash equilibrate where humans (homo sapiens) do not.martin, bhui, bossaerts, matsuzawa, and camerer (2014) found that chimpanzee pairs competing in matching-pennies games achieved the nash equilibrium whereas human pairs did not. they hypothesized this outcome may be due to (a) chimpanzee ecology producing evolutionary changes that give them a cognitive advantage over humans in these games, and (b) humans being disadvantaged because the cognition necessary for optimal game play was traded off in evolution to support language. we provide data rele ...201930372107
can domestic pigeon be a potential carrier of zoonotic salmonella?salmonellosis is one of the most important bacterial diseases in pigeons. this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons (columba livia f. domestica) in poland, its antimicrobial susceptibility (both phenotypic and genotypic), and its capability for biofilm formation. the presence of selected virulence genes, nucleotide homology of selected genes, and susceptibility to bacteriophages were investigated as well. from the 585 pigeons tested, 5.47% turned out posi ...202033091215
infectivity and pathobiology of h7n1 and h5n8 high pathogenicity avian influenza viruses for pigeons (columba livia var. domestica).avian influenza (ai) is one of the most important viral diseases in poultry, wildlife and humans. available data indicates that pigeons play a minimum role in the epidemiology of ai. however, a degree of variation exists in the susceptibility of pigeons to highly pathogenic ai viruses (hpaivs), especially since the emergence of the goose/guangdong h5 lineage. here, the pathogenesis of h5n8 hpaiv in comparison with a h7n1 hpaiv and the role of pigeons in the epidemiology of these viruses were eva ...202033034513
novel gyrovirus genomes recovered from free-living pigeons in southern brazil.wild birds carry a number of infectious agents, some of which may have pathogenic potential for the host and others species, including humans. domestic pigeons (columba livia) are important targets of study since these increasingly cohabit urban spaces, being possible spillover sources of pathogens to humans. in the present study, two genomes (pigyv_tq/rs/br and pigyv_rg/rs/br), representative of gyrovirus genus, family anelloviridae, were detected in sera of free-living pigeons collected in sou ...202032838934
common bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in pigeons (columba livia): a review of diagnostic and treatment strategies.pigeons (columba livia) have been associated with humans for a long time now. they are raised for sport (pigeon race), exhibition (display of fancy breeds), food, and research. most of the pigeons kept are racing homers, trained to compete in the pigeon race. other breeds, such as rollers, nose divers, doneks are bred for their aerial abilities. incorporation of a good preventive medicine program is one of the most critical factors in averting infectious diseases in pigeon flocks. this review su ...202032768225
white and amber light at night disrupt sleep physiology in birds.artificial light at night can disrupt sleep in humans [1-4] and other animals [5-10]. a key mechanism for light to affect sleep is via non-visual photoreceptors that are most sensitive to short-wavelength (blue) light [11]. to minimize effects of artificial light on sleep, many electronic devices shift from white (blue-rich) to amber (blue-reduced) light in the evening. switching outdoor lighting from white to amber might also benefit wildlife [12]. however, whether these two colors of light aff ...202032707063
are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans?enteric illnesses remain the second largest source of communicable diseases worldwide, and wild birds are suspected sources for human infection. this has led to efforts to reduce pathogen spillover through deterrence of wildlife and removal of wildlife habitat, particularly within farming systems, which can compromise conservation efforts and the ecosystem services wild birds provide. further, salmonella spp. are a significant cause of avian mortality, leading to additional conservation concerns ...202032003106
the whole is equal to the sum of its parts: pigeons (columba livia) and crows (corvus macrorhynchos) do not perceive emergent configurations.we previously demonstrated that chimpanzees, like humans, showed better accuracy and faster response time in discriminating visual patterns when the patterns were presented in redundant and uninformative contexts than when they were presented alone. in the present study, we examined the effect of redundant context on pattern discrimination in pigeons (columba livia) and large-billed crows (corvus macrorhynchos) using the same task and stimuli as those used in our previous study on chimpanzees. b ...202031993982
[investigation and genotyping of chlamydia psittaci ompa gene in pigeon (columbia domestica) feces].avian chlamydiosis, is a highly contagious, systemic disease occuring in domestic and wild birds. chlamydia psittaci, the causative agent of the disease, is a gram-negative bacterium in the chlamydiaceae family that can only live within the cell. the agent can be transmitted directly to humans by contact with infected animals or feces of infected animals. it can also be transmitted by inhalation of fecal dust. since the disease has a zoonotic character, it is also important in terms of public he ...202032050885
on a search for a neurogenomics of cognitive processes supporting avian migration and navigation.the migratory behavioral profile of birds is characterized by considerable variation in migratory phenotype, and a number of distinct orientation and navigational mechanisms supports avian migration and homing. as such, bird navigation potentially offers a unique opportunity to investigate the neurogenomics of an often spectacular, naturally occurring spatial cognition. however, a number of factors may impede realization of this potential. first, aspects of the migratory behavior displayed by bi ...202032426820
pigeons (columba livia) integrate visual motion using the vector average rule: effect of viewing distance.integrating local motion signals detected by the primary motion detector is crucial for representing a rigid, two-dimensional motion. the nature of motion integration has been studied using stimuli consisting of two superimposed sinusoidal gratings of different orientations, called plaid motion, and it has been shown that humans perceive integrated motion in the direction where the component constraint lines are intersected. we previously found that pigeons and humans perceive different movement ...202032242297
prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of enterococcus species in racing pigeons (columba livia f. domestica).this study was aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota in racing pigeons with regard to enterococcus species distribution, virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility. three methods (api, multiplex soda-pcr, 16s rrna sequencing) were compared for enterococcus species identification. cloacal samples from 179 apparently healthy pigeons of 13 different flocks were tested.202031910839
prenatal transfer of gut bacteria in rock pigeon.vertebrates evolved in concert with bacteria and have developed essential mutualistic relationships. gut bacteria are vital for the postnatal development of most organs and the immune and metabolic systems and may likewise play a role during prenatal development. prenatal transfer of gut bacteria is shown in four mammalian species, including humans. for the 92% of the vertebrates that are oviparous, prenatal transfer is debated, but it has been demonstrated in domestic chicken. we hypothesize th ...201931905837
the power of nothing: risk preference in pigeons, but not people, is driven primarily by avoidance of zero outcomes.both human and nonhuman animals regularly need to make choices where the outcomes of their actions are unpredictable or probabilistic in some way. these are often termed "risky" choices. faced with uncertain rewards, people (homo sapiens) and pigeons (columba livia) often show similar choice patterns. when the reward probabilities of risky choices are learned through experience, preferences in both species seem to be disproportionately influenced by the extreme (highest and lowest) outcomes in t ...201931414880
investigation of object-based attention in pigeons (columba livia) and hill mynas (gracula religiosa) using a spatial cueing task.in previous research, pigeons and hill mynas that performed differently on an object permanence task were presumed to attend to objects in different ways (plowright, reid, & kilian, 1998). in the current study, we conducted 4 experiments to investigate if the attention of hill mynas and pigeons is object-based and if there are species differences in their visual-attentional processes. in experiment 1, pigeons were tested in a spatial cueing task requiring them to respond sequentially to a cue an ...202031318224
diverse trichomonas lineages in australasian pigeons and doves support a columbid origin for the genus trichomonas.trichomonas is a significant protist genus, and includes t. vaginalis, the most prevalent sexually transmitted non-viral infection of humans, and t. gallinae of rock doves (columba livia), one of the earliest known avian pathogens. new trichomonas genotypes, including t. vaginalis-like isolates, have been discovered in american columbid hosts, suggesting geographically widespread cryptic diversity of trichomonas in pigeons and doves. we sampled 319 birds from 22 columbid species in australia, pa ...202031707138
longitudinal microbiome profiling reveals impermanence of probiotic bacteria in domestic pigeons.probiotics are bacterial species or assemblages that are applied to animals and plants with the intention of altering the microbiome in a beneficial way. probiotics have been linked to positive health effects such as faster disease recovery times in humans and increased weight gain in poultry. pigeon fanciers often feed their show pigeons probiotics with the intention of increasing flight performance. the objective of our study was to determine the effect of two different probiotics, alone and i ...201931206549
effects of eugenol on haemoproteus columbae in domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) from riyadh, saudi arabia.eugenol was investigated for the treatment of haemoproteus columbae (h. columbae) infected squabs (young domestic pigeons, columba domestica). thirty naturally-infected squabs were divided into three groups of 10 each. one group was treated with eugenol, while the positive and negative control groups were administered buparvaquone (butalex®) and distilled water, respectively. the number of infected red blood cells (rbcs) was calculated in all groups before and after treatment at 4-day intervals ...201931028133
smaller on the left? flexible association between space and magnitude in pigeons (columba livia) and blue jays (cyanocitta cristata).humans and other apes represent magnitudes spatially, demonstrated by their responding faster and more accurately to one side of space when presented with small quantities and to the other side of space when presented with large quantities. this representation is flexible and shows substantial variability between cultural groups in humans and between and within individuals in great apes. in contrast, recent findings suggest that chicks show a spatial representation of magnitude that is highly la ...202031328952
near-random distribution of chromosome-derived circular dna in the condensed genome of pigeons and the larger, more repeat-rich human genome.extrachromosomal circular dna (eccdna) elements of chromosomal origin are known to be common in a number of eukaryotic species. however, it remains to be addressed whether genomic features such as genome size, the load of repetitive elements within a genome, and/or animal physiology affect the number of eccdnas. here, we investigate the distribution and numbers of eccdnas in a condensed and less repeat-rich genome compared with the human genome, using columba livia domestica (domestic rock pigeo ...202031882998
first molecular identification and subtype distribution of blastocystis sp. isolated from hooded crows (corvus cornix) and pigeons (columba livia) in tehran province, iran.blastocystis is a common intestinal parasite among humans and animals such as non-human primates, pigs, cattle, birds, amphibians, and less frequently, rats, reptiles and insects. since blastocystis is a widely transmissible parasite between humans and mammals or birds, it is prominent to determine whether newly secluded non-human isolates are zoonotic. there are no comprehensive studies in iran assessing the prevalence and molecular identification of blastocystis infection in birds, especially ...201930711042
a method for investigating change blindness in pigeons (columba livia).change blindness is a phenomenon of visual attention, whereby changes to a visual display go unnoticed under certain specific circumstances. while many laboratory procedures have been developed that produce change blindness in humans, the flicker paradigm has emerged as a particularly effective method. in the flicker paradigm, two visual displays are presented in alternation with one another. if successive displays are separated by a short inter-stimulus interval (isi), change detection is impai ...201830247480
identification of a novel clade of group a rotaviruses in fatally diseased domestic pigeons in europe.rotaviruses are well-known causative agents of enteric disorders in humans and other mammals, but little is known about their virulence and pathogenic role in pigeons and other birds. starting in summer 2017, a series of outbreaks of an acute disease with high mortalities was reported in domestic pigeons in germany, belgium and denmark. the clinical picture was characterized by diarrhoea, vomiting, hepatic necrosis and sudden fatalities. from these severe outbreaks, we discovered several previou ...201930407742
determination of the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity level of domestic pigeons (columba livia).to determine the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of trazodone and its effect on the activity of domestic pigeons (columba livia).201930605036
the myodural bridge in the common rock pigeon (columbia livia): morphology and possible physiological implications.the dense connective tissue that connects muscles to the cervical spinal dura mater is known as the myodural bridge in human anatomy and has been a subject of interest to anatomists and clinicians. the myodural bridge was originally discovered in humans, and also has been observed in other mammals and in reptilian sauropsids. we investigated the existence of the myodural bridge in a bird, that is, the common rock pigeon columba livia, to expand the understanding of the structure and function of ...201830284324
ethnozoological practices in rodrigues island of the mascarene archipelago.rodrigues, is an autonomous island that forms part of the republic of mauritius. it is a component of the mascarene archipelago alongside mauritius and reunion island. despite their relative geographical proximity, each island has its own unique biodiversity and indigenous knowledge. nonetheless, there is no documentation of the use of animal-based remedies (abr) in rodrigues. this study was therefore designed to gather and compare primary traditional knowledge on the different abr used by rodri ...201931419503
sera/organ lysates of selected animals living in polluted environments exhibit cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines.species of crocodiles and cockroaches can withstand high radiation, reside in unsanitary conditions, thrive on germ-infested feed, and are exposed to heavy metals, yet they are not reported to develop cancer. it has been postulated that such species have mechanisms to defend themselves against developing cancer. here, selected species have been tested for potential cytotoxicity against selected cancer cell lines.201931660845
identification of antibacterial molecule(s) from animals living in polluted environments.snakes feed on germ-infested rodents, while water monitor lizards thrive on rotten matter in unhygienic conditions. we hypothesize that such creatures survive the assault of superbugs and are able to fend off disease by producing antimicrobial substances. in this study, we investigated the potential antibacterial activity of sera/lysates of animals living in polluted environments.202031577204
reproduction impairments in metal-polluted environments and parental hormones: no evidence for a causal association in an experimental study in breeding feral pigeons exposed to lead and zinc.humans are responsible for land-cover changes resulting in the emission of hazardous chemical elements including metallic trace elements i.e. mtes. as a consequence, urban wildlife is exposed to high concentrations of mtes, which exposure is linked to reproductive impairments. mte effects on reproduction outputs might result from mte exposure disrupting the endocrine pathways involved in reproductive behaviours. in birds, there is strong evidence that prolactin, corticosterone and testosterone a ...201829957582
quantifying syringeal dynamics in vitro using electroglottography.the complex and elaborate vocalizations uttered by many of the 10,000 extant bird species are considered a major driver in their evolutionary success, warranting study of the underlying mechanisms of vocal production. additionally, birdsong has developed into a highly productive model system for vocal imitation learning and motor control, where, in contrast to humans, we have experimental access to the entire neuromechanical control loop. in human voice production, complex laryngeal geometry, vo ...201829880637
chlamydia psittaci and c. avium in feral pigeon (columba livia domestica) droppings in two cities in the netherlands.feral pigeons (columba livia domestica) live and breed in many city centres and contact with their droppings can be a hazard for human health if the birds carry chlamydia psittaci.201829806552
evaluation of pigeon egg yolk for post thaw quality, enzyme leakage and fertility of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa.egg yolk is used as a cryoprotectant in semen preservation. however, its composition varies according to the species which may influence its effectiveness during the freeze-thaw process. therefore, study was conducted to identify the optimum level of pigeon egg yolk (pey) in tris citric acid (tca) extender for freezability and in vivo fertility of buffalo semen. semen was collected at weekly intervals for a period of three weeks (replicates) from 6 nili ravi buffalo bulls (2 ejaculates/bull/repl ...201830006129
investigation of non-cb1, non-cb2 win55212-2-sensitive g-protein-coupled receptors in the brains of mammals, birds, and amphibians.previous studies have found non-cb1 non-cb2 g-protein-coupled receptors in rodents that are activated by the aminoalkylindole cannabinoid agonist win55212-2. this work obtained evidence for the presence or absence of similar receptors in the brains of other mammals, birds and amphibians.201830376752
integrated taxonomic approaches to seven species of capillariid nematodes (nematoda: trichocephalida: trichinelloidea) in poultry from japan and indonesia, with special reference to their 18s rdna phylogenetic relationships.morphological and genetic analyses were performed on seven species of the family capillariidae (nematoda: trichocephalida: trichinelloidea), viz. eucoleus perforans, eucoleus contortus, aonchotheca bursata, baruscapillaria obsignata, capillaria anatis, capillaria phasianina, and capillaria spinulosa, detected in poultry from japan and indonesia. two eucoleus spp., perforating the esophageal mucosa of the japanese green pheasant farmed in japan (e. perforans) and domestic goose in indonesia (e. c ...202031811424
ethnomedicinal applications of animal species by the local communities of punjab, pakistan.different species of animals are being utilized in traditional therapies by various cultures for a long time and such uses still exist in folk medicine. the present study aimed to document animal-based traditional therapies used by the local communities of jhelum and lahore districts of the punjab province, pakistan.201830111346
free-ranging avifauna as a source of generalist parasites for captive birds in zoological settings: an overview of parasite records and potential for cross-transmission.captive birds in zoological settings often harbor parasites, but little information is available about the potential for free-ranging avifauna to act as a source of infection. this review summarizes the gastrointestinal parasites found in zoo birds globally and in seven common free-ranging avian species [mallard (anas platyrhynchos), eurasian blackbird (turdus merula), common starling (sturnus vulgaris), eurasian jackdaw (corvus monedula), house sparrow (passer domesticus), european robin (erith ...202033005675
micro- and macroanatomical features of the uropygial gland of duck (anas platyrhynchos) and pigeon (columba livia).we describe the morphological, histological and histochemical characteristics of the uropygial gland of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) and pigeon (columba livia). the weight and dimensions of the glands were recorded. the gland openings onto the papilla in ducks were surrounded by double tufts of downy feathers; the tufts were held together by an oily secretion. in the pigeon, the gland opening was onto naked skin. samples for light and transmission electron microscopy were obtained from adult bi ...202032603233
h-fabp gene expression and genetic association with meat quality traits in domestic pigeons (columba livia).1. h-fabp (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein) is an important fatty acid-binding protein that participates in the metabolism and intracellular transportation of lipids. this study was designed to study the h-fabp gene expression and genetic association with meat quality traits in domestic pigeons. 2. the spatio-temporal expression patterns showed that h-fabp was widely expressed in all eleven tissues in birds from hatching to four weeks of age, and the expression level in the liver was the h ...202033174489
effects of mannan oligosaccharides and/or bifidobacterium on growth and immunity in domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica).the goal of this study was to evaluate the influences of mannan oligosaccharides (moss) and/or bifidobacterium on the growth and immunity of pigeons over a 56-day period. one hundred paired adult pigeons were randomly divided into four groups of five paired pigeons. paired pigeons with two young squabs were housed in a man-made aviary. parent pigeons in the control group received a basal diet (c), while the other three groups were fed with the basal diet supplemented with 20 g of moss/kg of feed ...202033132727
yeasts in feces of pigeons (columba livia) in the city of moscow.the yeast number and species diversity in feces of pigeons (columba livia) were studied in various locations of the city of moscow: parks, playgrounds and school grounds. the total number and species composition of yeasts in feces depended on the isolation temperature. the average yeast number at a cultivation temperature of 25 °c was 3.2 × 105 cfu/g, at 37 °c-2.5 × 106 cfu/g. at 37 °c, the number of yeasts was higher due to a more abundant growth of pathogenic and opportunistic yeast species. i ...202033095292
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