| application of indicator kriging to the complementary use of bioindicators at three trophic levels. | the use of biological indicators is widespread in environmental monitoring, although it has long been recognised that each bioindicator is generally associated with a range of potential limitations and shortcomings. to circumvent this problem, this study adopted the complementary use of bioindicators representing different trophic levels and providing different type of information, in an innovative approach to integrate knowledge and to estimate the overall health state of ecosystems. the approa ... | 2009 | 19477568 |
| the comparison of assessment of pigeon semen motility and sperm concentration by conventional methods and the casa system (htm ivos). | the aim of these experiments was to compare conventional, microscopic methods of evaluating pigeon sperm motility and concentration to those measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis (casa system). semen was collected twice a week from two groups of pigeons, each of 40 males (group i: meat-type breed; group ii: fancy pigeon) using the lumbo-sacral and cloacal region massage method. ejaculates collected in each group were diluted 1:100 in bpse solution and divided into two equal samples. one s ... | 2008 | 18423566 |
| racing pigeon identification using str and chromo-helicase dna binding gene markers. | pigeon racing appeals to many in taiwan, due in part to the potential large financial gains based on illegal betting. the races are unregulated with frequent examples of fraud, such as substitution of one bird for a substandard one. there is no test available to reliably verify the bloodline of pigeons and thus help to resolve such disputes. in this study, we describe a multiplex pcr amplification system combining 7 str loci and a chromo-helicase dna binding gene (chd) marker for the identificat ... | 2007 | 18041042 |
| comparison of intraosseous and intramuscular drug administration for induction of anaesthesia in domestic pigeons. | the aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of intraosseous anaesthetic drug administration in domestic pigeons and to compare this method with an intramuscular technique for clinical parameters (induction quality and recovery of anaesthesia), heart-respiratory rate and cloacal temperature. sixteen clinically healthy mature pigeons (7 male and 9 female) were included into the study. the birds were allocated into two groups as group i and ii. pigeons in group i received 50mg/kg ket ... | 2008 | 18028968 |
| the origins of species-specific facial morphology: the proof is in the pigeon. | one of the principal objectives of developmental research is to understand morphogenesis and in doing so, gain insights into the genetic basis of variation observed throughout the animal kingdom. in this review we take an approach, first popularized by darwin, to understanding how diversity is created by using the domesticated pigeon as a model organism. nearly 3000 years of selective breeding has produced an astonishing array of feather patterns, behaviors, skeletal shapes, and body sizes. cumu ... | 2007 | 21672843 |
| [transport of racing pigeons and animal welfare]. | a short overview about the transport of the racing pigeon from home to the place of liberation will be given. some facts related to the transport will be explained. facts like number of pigeons in one crate, supplying the pigeons with water and food during transportation and at the place of liberation, the supply of the pigeons with fresh air will be explained. | 2007 | 17419545 |
| [pigeon sport and animal rights]. | to begin, a short overview of the organization and the realization of the racing pigeon sport. some physiological facts, relevant to racing pigeons, will be touched on. lastly, a focus on the flights, their completion and the problems involved with the, in some cases, high number of lost pigeons. the german club of pigeon breeders, has made improvements but, it is certainly not enough. the topic of "city pigeons" will be briefed. the final part deals with pertinent animal rights issues, causes o ... | 2007 | 17419544 |
| an aerosolized fluorescent microsphere technique for evaluating particle deposition in the avian respiratory tract. | the objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of using aerosolized fluorescent microspheres to examine particle distribution in the respiratory tract of birds following aerosol exposure. adult domestic pigeons (columbia livia domestica; n = 5 birds per microsphere size) were exposed to aerosolized monodispersed populations of various sized carboxylate microspheres (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 10.0 microm) for 30 min. for aerosol-exposure purposes, the birds were anesthetized with i ... | 2006 | 16863074 |
| polymorphism within the ldha gene in the homing and non-homing pigeons. | a total of 445 domestic pigeons were genotyped for the lactate dehydrogenase (ldha) gene. crude dna was isolated from blood samples and feathers. two polymorphic sites were identified in intron 6: one near the splice donor site gt is called site h and the other near the splice acceptor site is called site b. interestingly, the nucleotide changes of both these sites associate perfectly with the a and b alleles of haeiii polymorphism: the a allele with nucleotide a of site h and nucleotide t of si ... | 2006 | 16424611 |
| experimental determination of net protein charge, [a]tot, and ka of nonvolatile buffers in bird plasma. | the quantitative mechanistic acid-base approach to clinical assessment of acid-base status requires species-specific values for [a]tot (the total concentration of nonvolatile buffers in plasma) and ka (the effective dissociation constant for weak acids in plasma). the aim of this study was to determine [a]tot and ka values for plasma in domestic pigeons. plasma from 12 healthy commercial domestic pigeons was tonometered with 20% co2 at 37 degrees c. plasma ph, pco2, and plasma concentrations of ... | 2006 | 16424070 |
| kinematic parameters of the walking of herons, ground-feeders, and waterfowl. | the kinematic gait characteristics of six species of birds in three groups were compared. the groups studied were herons (gray herons and little egrets), ground-feeders (domestic pigeons and gray starlings), and waterfowl (pintails and black-headed gulls). the results showed that the relative stride frequency was greater in the waterfowl than in the other species. complementary to this, the amplitude of the movements was smaller in the waterfowl than in the others. these differences between the ... | 2004 | 15471689 |
| do pigeons (columba livia) perceive object unity? | human infants perceive two rods moving in concert behind an occluder as one unitary rod. in four experiments we tested whether pigeons also perceive unity of objects. pigeons were trained on a matching-to-sample task to discriminate between one unitary rod moving at a constant speed and two aligned rods moving together at the same speed. the latter stimulus was identical to the former except for a gap in the center. in experiment 1, we tested pigeons in probe trials in which a rectangle occluded ... | 2001 | 24777505 |
| conditioning pigeons to discriminate naturally lit insect specimens. | pigeons (columba livia) were trained on a visual discrimination task using a novel apparatus which enabled pinned specimens of insects, illuminated by natural daylight, to be presented under a pecking key transparent to ultraviolet light. three birds showed evidence of learning to discriminate between sets of wasp and fly specimens. this response transferred to specimens of four hoverfly species, the strength of the response varying between the different hoverfly species. this conditioning techn ... | 1999 | 24925502 |
| the ecto-, gastro-intestinal and haemo-parasites of live pigeons (columba livia) in kampala, uganda. | in a study from october, 1996 to march, 1997, 34 pigeons in three different locations were studied for parasites. the majority of birds in nakulabye appeared clinically sick, while those within makerere university and wandegeya were apparently healthy. biometric data were taken for each bird and, during the process, ectoparasites were collected. faecal and blood samples were obtained. the study of ectoparasites revealed that pseudolynchia canariensis (the 'pigeon fly') was the most prevalent par ... | 1999 | 26911497 |
| some characteristics of spatial associative memory in the pigeon, columba livia. | willson and wilkie (1993) developed a novel procedure to assess pigeons' memory for the spatial location of food. only one of four locations provided food each daily session. each location consisted of an illuminated pecking key and grain feeder. over different days different locations, randomly selected, provided food during a 16-min session. the pigeons tended to revisit the location at which food was found on the previous day thereby demonstrating memory for food-spatial location associations ... | 1996 | 24897631 |
| [detection of doping compounds in the racing pigeon]. | to overcome the doping problems in racing pigeons it requires reliable methods to detect illegally medicated drugs. difficulties applying specifically to pigeons caused the present investigation, since urine and blood commonly analyzed cannot be gathered from pigeons. drug detection is complicated by those compounds exhibiting an extremely high potency such as the anabolic boldenone, the glucocorticoid prednisolone, and the bronchodilator clenbuterol. the material for analysis selected was faece ... | 1996 | 9054335 |
| diseases of racing pigeon: an update. | | 1996 | 22074541 |
| response strategies during acquisition of serial learning in pigeons (columba livia). | pigeons were exposed on fixed duration sessions to four chromatic stimuli and trained to perform a 2-item sequence. a detailed analysis of incorrect responses performed on each trial prior to completion of the sequence led to distinguish three learning stages. already on initial sessions animals responded significantly more frequently to relevant stimuli than to irrelevant ones indicating stimulus control by salience. during an intermediary stage, responding to item 2 increased significantly and ... | 1996 | 24896416 |
| properties of time-place learning by pigeons, columba livia. | pigeons received discrimination training in which food reinforcement for key pecking was conditional upon both spatial and temporal cues. in experiment 1 food was available for periods of 15 min at each of four locations (pecking keys) during a 60-min trial. however, unlike the procedures used in a previous experiment (wilkie and willson, 1992, experiment 2), food availability did not change over time from one location to the next in a simple monotonic (e.g. counterclockwise) manner. despite mak ... | 1994 | 24897416 |
| aldrin poisoning of sarus cranes (grus antigone) and a few granivorous birds in keoladeo national park, bharatpur, india. | : between 1987-88 and 1989-90, 18 sarus cranes (grus antigone), more than 50 collared doves (streptopelia decaocto) and a few blue rock pigeons (columba livia) were found dead during winter in keoladeo national park, bharatpur, which coincided with the application of aldrin in the crop fields around the park. brain tissue of sarus cranes, collared doves and blue rock pigeons contained an average of 19.33 (3.56-43.46), 15.19 (7.40-20.70), and 20.42 (14.61-26.23) ppm, wet weight, of dieldrin, resp ... | 1993 | 24201581 |
| the role of shifting in choice behavior of pigeons on a two-armed bandit. | pigeons (columba livia) were confronted with a problem in choice known as the two-armed bandit (tab): two concurrent discrete trials random-ratio schedules in which the good side changes randomly from day to day. in the first experiment a substantial proportion of the birds' choices were contrary to those predicted by immediate maximization. under a variety of parameter settings the pigeons chose the bad side more often than expected by immediate maximization. the hypothesis was advanced that sh ... | 1990 | 24925847 |
| comparative effects of food and water deprivation on movement patterns in the pigeon (columba livia). | groups of naive pigeons were either food or water deprived and exposed to response-independent fixed time schedules of reinforcement. reinforcers were always appropriate to the deprivation state. after 15 phase one sessions under the original deprivation state, an additional 15 phase two sessions were run under the alternate deprivation regimen. the phase one results indicated that the frequency of movement over time, as measured by floorboard panels, had a characteristic distribution depending ... | 1989 | 24925779 |
| [wild domestic pigeons--a public health problem of increasing significance in east germany]. | in many cities of the gdr the number of wild house pigeons is increasing. because of their distribution, noxious effects and hygienic importance they are considered by law as health pests. therefore, their populations have to be regulated in such a way to minimize the noxious effects caused by them. the state hygiene inspectorate is responsible for organization and surveillance of health pest control. at present in the gdr two procedures are allowed applying chemical substance for pest control b ... | 1989 | 2686224 |
| a multifactorial study of variation in interclutch interval and annual reproductive success in the feral pigeon,columba livia. | we examined the relative ability of multiple factors to explain variation in two interrelated life-history traits, interclutch interval and annual reproductive success, in feral pigeons. seasonal influences, brood size, and female body mass and tarsus length explained significant amounts of variation in interclutch interval in this population, while female plumage phenotype was insignificant. these results are discussed in terms of resource allocation and responses to environmental heterogeneity ... | 1989 | 23494350 |
| serotonergic modulation of ingestive behavior in pigeons. | the effects of peripheral administration of the serotonin agonist zimeldine and the serotonin antagonist cyproheptadine on food and water consumption were evaluated in domestic pigeons. injections of zimeldine reduced the amount of feeding and drinking dose-dependently in 24-hr fasted animals. administration of cyproheptadine enhanced food and water consumption dose-dependently up to a dose of 160 micrograms per 100 g body weight in nondeprived pigeons. higher doses reduced ingestion probably du ... | 1989 | 2524843 |
| [the use of collagen fasciae and fibrin adhesive for supporting wound healing in skin defects with large surfaces]. | in 50 domestic pigeons, two circular pieces were removed from the skin to the right and left of the crista sterni, and the wounds were treated in different ways: a. with a collagen membrane dampened with a sodium chloride solution, b. with a fibrin glue, c. with a combination of a) and b). the wounds of group d were left untreated. scab formation could be seen in all cases, also under the transparent membrane. the collagen membrane had no protective function in the experiment, however, it contri ... | 1989 | 2763287 |
| abnormal clutch size in domestic pigeons. | a strain of racing pigeons has been obtained in which some hens occasionally lay the almost unknown clutch size of three eggs. this effect appears to be due to a simple recessive. circumstances prevent serious research on the factor and birds are offered free to any workers able to make effective use of them, in order that this extremely rare factor not be lost. | 2004 | 3403961 |
| a water deprivation test for the differentiation of polyuric disorders in birds. | a water deprivation test was developed for the differentiation of polyuric disorders in birds using the racing pigeon as a model. for a period of 3 days of food and water deprivation, urine and plasma osmolalities and body weight of 40 clinically healthy racing pigeons were monitored. reference values for urine osmolality after 40 hours of food deprivation were 79 to 480 mosmol/kg. after 64 hours of food deprivation and 24 hours of water deprivation these values were 450 to 875 mosmol/kg. no sig ... | 1988 | 18766695 |
| the urban pigeon (columba livia, forma urbana) - a biomonitor for the lead burden of the environment. | the concentrations of lead in the femura (pb-f) and the 5-aminolaevulinic-acid-dehydratase in blood (ala-d) have been determined in three pigeon populations (50 birds each), caught at urban sites with different traffic densities. the following mean concentrations were found (pb-f [mg/kg wet wt.]/ala-d [u/i]): 10.7/18.8 in the low burdened group, 27.9/10.8 in the moderate burdened group, and 49.5/5.6 in the high burdened group. these values were compared with a controlled group of 50 farm pigeons ... | 1987 | 24254223 |
| individual differences in choice of food items by pigeons. | pigeons (columba livia ) select food items idiosyncratically when feeding on grains (brown, 1969; moon & zeigler, 1979; giraldeau & lefebvre, 1985). in three experiments pigeons under various conditions of food restriction were offered artificial "grains", pellets of pigeon food that differed only in size, to see whether individual differences in preference would still be observed. when 300-mg ("large") and 20-mg ("small") pellets were available simultaneously there were still wide individual di ... | 1987 | 24925294 |
| emg activity in pectoral and femoral muscles during spinal cord cooling in exercising pigeons. | adult domestic pigeons, with thermodes chronically implanted in the vertebral canal, were trained to walk on a treadmill. in the first series of experiments, emg activity in a pectoral (m. pectoralis) and a femoral muscle (m. biceps femoris) was measured to determine if shivering could occur during exercise. when the spinal cord was cooled (36.2 +/- 0.5 degrees c) during exercise (0.6 km/h), pectoral muscle emg activity increased by 80%, while femoral muscle emg activity did not change significa ... | 1985 | 4059027 |
| grouped sequential exploitation of food patches in a flock feeder, the feral pigeon. | feral and laboratory flocks of rock doves (columba livia ) show a pattern of grouped sequential exploitation when simultaneously presented with two dispersed, depleting patches of seed. this behavior contrasts with the ideal free distribution pattern shown when patches are small and concentrated. grouped sequential exploitation consists of two phases: all pigeons first land together and feed at one patch, then leave one by one for the other patch. departure times of individuals for the second pa ... | 1985 | 24924360 |
| behavioral response to apomorphine and its interaction with opiates in domestic pigeons. | domestic pigeons received peripheral injections of saline or the dopamine agonist apomorphine (am) at doses of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 1 mg and their behavior was studied for 30 min after these treatments. given at a dose of 0.025 mg, am decreased pecking, whereas doses ranging from 0.1 to 1 mg strongly stimulated this behavior. the frequency of headshaking was enhanced by the administration of each dose of am; at the 3 higher doses, the drug also attenuated the frequency of preening. in ... | 1985 | 2984702 |
| evidence that naloxone attenuates the consumption of food by domestic pigeons through a central influence. | three experiments were performed on domestic pigeons deprived of food for 24 hr to determine whether the anorexic influence of naloxone, which is observed in this species, results from a central effect of this drug. injections were given 15 min before the delivery of food, and repeated measures of the consumption of food were obtained during the next 20 min. the systemic administration of either 2 or 10 mumol of naloxone, but not of equimolar amounts of quaternary naloxone, that does not travers ... | 1984 | 6521852 |
| opiate antagonists stereoselectively attenuate the consumption of food but not of water by pigeons. | three experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of the two opiate antagonists, naloxone hcl (nal) and mr 2266, on the ingestive behavior of domestic pigeons. in the first and second experiments, these drugs were administered at 3 doses (0.25, 1 and 4 mg) to non-deprived and to 24 hr-fasted pigeons, respectively. measure of the food and water consumption of the birds for up to 6 hrs post-injection revealed that as compared to control values, administration of both antagonists attenuate ... | 1984 | 6504949 |
| naloxone treatment attenuates food but not water intake in domestic pigeons. | satiated as well as 24 h food-deprived pigeons showed an attenuated consumption of food in response to peripheral injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone. the minimal effective amount of the drug was found to be 1.5 mg in satiated birds and 0.5 mg in fasted birds. the anorexic effect of naloxone was observed for no longer than 3 h in both situations, and it did not differ at doses of either 1.5 mg or 5 mg of the antagonist. by contrast, doses of up to 5 mg of naloxone failed to depress the w ... | 1984 | 6420821 |
| increase in oxygen consumption induced by selective spinal cord cooling in the exercising pigeon. | six domestic pigeons with chronically implanted spinal thermodes were exercised on a treadmill at neutral ambient temperature. during the exercise the spinal cord was cooled to 34.7 +/- 0.4 degrees c (mean +/- s.e.m.). oxygen consumption of the pigeons increased from 28.3 +/- 2.1 to 61.2 +/- 3.7 ml x min-1 x kg-1 due to exercise per se, and superimposed cooling of the spinal cord during exercise induced an additional increase in oxygen consumption to 84.9 +/- 4.5 ml x min-1 x kg-1. the result de ... | 1983 | 6634384 |
| [fatty acid patterns of crop milk and depot fat in domestic pigeons]. | | 1983 | 6830576 |
| changes in the uropygial gland of juvenile male domestic pigeons following administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. | | 1982 | 7152236 |
| pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus in egypt. | a virus was isolated in egypt from brain and liver collected from domestic pigeons suffering from nervous disorders. the morphological and biophysical properties of the virus were consistent with it being a member of the family herpetoviridae. antigenically the virus was closely related to if not identical with pigeon herpes encephalomyelitis virus. | 1982 | 6281951 |
| pair formation and reproductive output in domestic pigeons. | mate selection is a conceivable mechanism whereby an animal could increase its reproductive success. the present study investigates the relationship between mate selection and reproductive output in domestic pigeons. pairs allowed to form spontaneously, in a situation permitting a certain degree of choice, were compared with pairs randomly assigned to each other. the prediction was that spontaneously formed pairs should on average achieve a better reproductive output than pairs randomly formed. ... | 1981 | 24925613 |
| mebendazole treatment of stomach-wall worm in the racing pigeon. | | 1981 | 6908993 |
| [comparative and quantitative ultrastructural study of the olfactory organs of four strains of domestic pigeons]. | 1. by counting the axons per micron 2 on electronmicrographs of cross-sectioned olfactory nerves and multiplying this number by the area of the cross-sectioned nerves, the number of olfactory receptors was determined in 4 breeds of domestic pigeons including homing pigeons. 2. the total number of olfactory receptors varied between 3.0 and 7.4 . 10(6). it significantly depended on the body size of the pigeons. there was no evidence for differences in the number of olfactory receptors between the ... | 1979 | 545932 |
| ornithocheyletia hallae smiley, 1970 (acarina: cheyletidae) as the cause of pruritus in a racing pigeon. | | 1978 | 100896 |
| ventilatory and circulatory o2 convection at 4000 m in pigeon at neutral or cold temperature. | awake domestic pigeons, either maintained at 22 degrees c (series i) or acutely exposed at 2 degrees c (series ii), were studied in a hypobaric chamber at 140 m and at various stages during a 4-week exposure to 4000 m. steady-state pulmonary ventilation (vg) and breathing pattern (vt, fr), oxygen consumption (mo2), o2 concentrations and pressures in the arterial (a) and mixed venous blood (v), hematocrit (ht) and acid-base status in arterial blood, systolic blood pressure and heart frequency (fh ... | 1976 | 14365 |
| effects of seasonal and social factors on testicular activity and hormone levels in domestic pigeons. | testicular morphology and plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh), testosterone, progesterone, and estradiol-17beta were compared in paired (n = 8) and unpaired (n = 7) racing pigeons killed in december. the birds were housed mixed together under natural lighting conditions in two unheated lofts which contained no nesting facilities, in kiel (54 degrees n), germany. the paired birds had been paired for at least two months. testicular weights and diameters of tubules were significantly ... | 1976 | 939963 |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucose and displacement activities in pigeons. | the possibility that displacement activities might be consequences of stress-induced humoral responses was investigated. adrenocorticotropic hormone and glucose were injected into the brain ventricles of unrestrained domestic pigeons. acth leads to an increased frequency of yawning and headshaking and glucose to a decrease in arousal. it is concluded that these behavioural responses correspond partly with the displacement activities shown by birds. the role of the cerebrospinal fluid as a mediat ... | 1976 | 178122 |
| [feral domestic pigeons as a hygienic problem in big cities--the situation in magdeburg]. | | 1976 | 960806 |
| the subgenus persicargas (ixodoidea: argasidae: argas). 27. the life cycle of a. (p.) robertsi population samples from taiwan, thailand, indonesia, australia, and sri lanka. | to provide background data for an investigation of biological interrelationships between argas (persicargas) robertsi hoogstraal, kaiser and kohls and 3 arboviruses (kao shuan, pathum thani, and nyamanini) isolated from this tick species, domestic pigeons were used as experimental hosts to study the life cycle of population samples from taiwan (ta), thailand (th), indonesia (in), sri lanka (sr), and australia (au). the life cycle (at 28-30 degrees c and 75% rh) required 2-10 months. biological d ... | 1975 | 1226539 |
| [feral domestic pigeons in large cities]. | | 1975 | 1164387 |
| [temporary sterilization of domestic pigeons turned wild]. | | 1975 | 806190 |
| [effect of hormonal agents on the gonads of semi-domestic pigeons]. | | 1974 | 4215261 |
| [occurrence of paratanaisia bragai (santos, 1934) freitas, 1959 (trematoda aucotylidae) in domestic pigeons (columbia livia domestica)]. | | 1972 | 4681326 |
| [morphogenesis and histogenesis of genetically based twin feathers in domestic pigeons (columba livia dom. l.)]. | 1. "twin feathers" described for various domestic breeds of pigeons have been found in oriental rollers in 12 per cent of the sides of the tails during each of the breeding periods. 2. each studied twin feather originates in a single follicle. it shows either one sheath ("split feather") or two sheaths ("double feather"). 72 per cent of the feathers have been found in the middles of the tails, 23 per cent in the middle of one side of the rows of rectrices. 3. twin feathers grow either out of one ... | 1969 | 28304438 |
| domestic pigeons: the stimulus provided by the egg in the nest. | | 1961 | 14472034 |
| [a contribution to gastrointestinal flora in the domesticated pigeon]. | | 1961 | 13726045 |
| facing a clever predator demands clever responses - red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) vs. eurasian magpies (pica pica). | red-backed shrikes (lanius collurio) behave quite differently towards two common nest predators. while the european jay (garrulus glandarius) is commonly attacked, in the presence of the eurasian magpie (pica pica), shrikes stay fully passive. we tested the hypotheses that this passive response to the magpie is an alternative defense strategy. nesting shrikes were exposed to the commonly attacked european kestrel (falco tinnunculus) in a situation in which i) a harmless domestic pigeon, ii) a co ... | 2016 | 27454122 |
| experimental infection with highly pathogenic h5n8 avian influenza viruses in the mandarin duck (aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica). | wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaiv). sub-clinical infection with hpai in resident wild birds could be a source of dissemination of hpaiv and continuous outbreaks. in this study, the pathogenicity and infectivity of two strains of h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4 virus were evaluated in the mandarin duck (aix galericulata) and domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica). none of the birds experimentally infected with h ... | 2017 | 28619174 |
| detection and molecular status of isospora sp. from the domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica). | the domestic pigeon, columba livia domestica, is reared for meat production, as a pet, or for racing. few reports have characterized the parasitic protists from the genus isospora isolated from columbiformes. we detected isospora-like oocysts from c. livia reared for racing. the oocyst contained two sporocysts, and each sporocyst included four sporozoites. the sporulated oocysts (n=4) were spherical; their mean diameters were 25.6 (24.0-27.2)×24.7 (23.4-26.0) μm. micropyles, polar granules, and ... | 2017 | 28495225 |
| pigeons and their droppings as reservoirs of candida and other zoonotic yeasts. | the importance of pigeons as reservoirs and carriers of cryptococcus neoformans and other species of this genus is well-known; however, less is known about their role as reservoirs and carriers of other yeasts that impact public health. | 2017 | 28720316 |
| are baboons learning "orthographic" representations? probably not. | the ability of baboons (papio papio) to distinguish between english words and nonwords has been modeled using a deep learning convolutional network model that simulates a ventral pathway in which lexical representations of different granularity develop. however, given that pigeons (columba livia), whose brain morphology is drastically different, can also be trained to distinguish between english words and nonwords, it appears that a less species-specific learning algorithm may be required to exp ... | 2017 | 28859134 |
| repair of tibiotarsal rotation in 7 chukar partridges (alectoris chukar) and 12 domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) with type-2 external skeletal fixator intramedullary pin tie-in. | rotational deformities of the long bones affect various avian species. tibiotarsal rotation may cause the leg to deviate up to 180° from the dorsoplantar axis in a matter of days, thus preventing the birds from walking freely and leading to the inability to stand. in this study, tibiotarsal rotation observed in pigeons and partridges was managed by creating a closed fracture in the tibiotarsus and then, following reduction, stabilizing it with an intramedullary tie-in type 2 external skeletal fi ... | 2017 | 28891696 |
| novel avian oropharyngeal trichomonads isolated from european turtle doves (streptopelia turtur) and racing pigeons (columba livia): genetic and morphometric characterisation of clonal cultures. | extensive diversity has been described within the avian oropharyngeal trichomonad complex in recent years. in this study we developed clonal cultures from four isolates selected by their different its1/5.8s/its2 (its) genotype and their association with gross lesions of avian trichomonosis. isolates were obtained from an adult racing pigeon and a nestling of eurasian eagle owl with macroscopic lesions, and from a juvenile wood pigeon and an european turtle dove without clinical signs. multi-locu ... | 2017 | 28864154 |
| a low false negative filter for detecting rare bird species from short video segments using a probable observation data set-based ekf method. | we report a new filter to assist the search for rare bird species. since a rare bird only appears in front of a camera with very low occurrence (e.g., less than ten times per year) for very short duration (e.g., less than a fraction of a second), our algorithm must have a very low false negative rate. we verify the bird body axis information with the known bird flying dynamics from the short video segment. since a regular extended kalman filter (ekf) cannot converge due to high measurement error ... | 2010 | 20388596 |
| testing of an oral dosing technique for double-crested cormorants, phalacocorax auritus, laughing gulls, leucophaeus atricilla, homing pigeons, columba livia, and western sandpipers, calidris mauri, with artificially weather mc252 oil. | scoping studies were designed to determine if double-crested cormorants (phalacocorax auritus), laughing gulls (leucophaues atricilla), homing pigeons (columba livia) and western sandpipers (calidris mauri) that were gavaged with a mixture of artificially weathered mc252 oil and food for either a single day or 4-5 consecutive days showed signs of oil toxicity. where volume allowed, samples were collected for hematology, plasma protein electrophoresis, clinical chemistry and electrolytes, oxidati ... | 2017 | 28781207 |
| ethnomedicinal and cultural practices of mammals and birds in the vicinity of river chenab, punjab-pakistan. | although, use of animal species in disease treatment and culture practices is as ancient as that of plant species; however ethnomedicinal uses and cultural values of animal species have rarely been reported. present study is the first report on the medicinal uses of mammals and bird species in pakistan. | 2017 | 28701165 |
| is embryonic hypothermia tolerance common in birds? | avian incubation temperatures oscillate within narrow limits to ensure proper embryonic development. however, field observations and experimental studies have found that some species can tolerate very low incubation temperatures, either regularly or occasionally. we artificially incubated eggs from five domestic species, which represent a range of egg sizes, to examine whether a diversity of avian species could exhibit an unusual hypothermia tolerance, as observed in the field. we found that egg ... | 2017 | 28446617 |
| [the characteristics of the morphofunctional organization of the lampbrush chromosomes from the oocytes of the rock dove]. | nuclei and chromosomes isolated from growing oocytes of the pigeon c. livia have been studied by light microscope techniques. the pigeon chromosomes in diplotene assume a lampbrush form with a well expressed chromomere-loop organization. the lampbrush chromosomes (lc) with most extended lateral loops were observed in the oocytes 0.5-1.5 mm in diameter. a mean loop contour length on the preparations from oocytes of such a diameter varied within 11-16 mkm. a comparison of the pigeon lc with those ... | 1989 | 2617670 |
| levels and profiles of persistent organic pollutants in resident and migratory birds from an urbanized coastal region of south korea. | persistent organic pollutants (pops) levels in resident and migratory birds collected from an urbanized coastal region of south korea were investigated. as target species, resident birds that reside in different habitats-such as inland and coastal regions-were selected and their pop contamination status and accumulation features evaluated. additionally, winter and summer migratory species were analysed for comparison with resident birds. black-tailed gull and domestic pigeon were selected as the ... | 2014 | 24001686 |
| observations on the subgenus argas (ixodoidea: argasidae: argas). 19. description of the larva of the palearctic cormorant parasite a. (a.) macrostigmatus. | larvae of 19 of the 21 species of the argas subgenus argas are already described. one of the two exceptions is a. (a.) macrostigmatus; we describe the larva of this species from wet nests of the crested cormorant, phalacrocorax aristotelis, from corsica, france. as in the adult and nymphal stages, this larva has an uncovered haller's organ, a character shared in palearctic members of this large genus only with a. (a.) polonicus, a central european parasite of rock pigeons. available larval sampl ... | 1984 | 6470892 |
| physiological trade-offs in self-maintenance: plumage molt and stress physiology in birds. | trade-offs between self-maintenance processes can affect life-history evolution. integument replacement and the stress response both promote self-maintenance and affect survival in vertebrates. relationships between the two processes have been studied most extensively in birds, where hormonal stress suppression is down regulated during molt in seasonal species, suggesting a resource-based trade-off between the two processes. the only species found to differ are the rock dove and eurasian tree sp ... | 2011 | 21795575 |
| environmental factors and zoonotic pathogen ecology in urban exploiter species. | knowledge of pathogen ecology, including the impacts of environmental factors on pathogen and host dynamics, is essential for determining the risk that zoonotic pathogens pose to people. this review synthesizes the scientific literature on environmental factors that influence the ecology and epidemiology of zoonotic microparasites (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) in globally invasive urban exploiter wildlife species (i.e., rock doves [columba livia domestica], european starlings [sturnus vulgari ... | 2017 | 28631116 |
| some causes of the variable shape of flocks of birds. | flocks of birds are highly variable in shape in all contexts (while travelling, avoiding predation, wheeling above the roost). particularly amazing in this respect are the aerial displays of huge flocks of starlings (sturnus vulgaris) above the sleeping site at dawn. the causes of this variability are hardly known, however. here we hypothesise that variability of shape increases when there are larger local differences in movement behaviour in the flock. we investigate this hypothesis with the he ... | 2011 | 21829627 |
| first description of cryptosporidium parvum in carrier pigeons (columba livia). | the carrier pigeon and the domestic pigeon are different breeds of the species columba livia. carrier pigeons are used for recreational activities such as bird contests and exhibitions. due to the close contact with humans, these birds may potentially represent a public health risk, since they can host and disseminate zoonotic parasites, such as those belonging to the genus cryptosporidium (phylum apicomplexa). the purpose of this work was the detection by microscopic and molecular techniques of ... | 2017 | 28807284 |
| how do seasonality and host traits influence the distribution patterns of parasites on juveniles and adults of columba livia? | parasites may influence host fitness and consequently exert a selective pressure on distinct phenotypes of the host population. this pressure can result in an evolutionary response, maintaining only individuals with certain traits in the population. the present study was aimed at identifying the morphological characteristics of juveniles and adults of columba livia that may influence the distribution patterns of lice, pseudolynchia canariensis and haemoproteus columbae and how the populations of ... | 2017 | 28859962 |
| buparvaquone therapy in a rock pigeon infected with haemoproteus columbae showing torticollis. | a clinical haemoproteus columbae infection in a two months rock pigeon was diagnosed on the basis of outward signs and blood smear examination. the clinical signs suggestive of pigeon malaria were anorexia, depression, inability to fly, circling movements and episodes of torticollis. the characteristic halter shaped gametocytes were seen, in thin blood smear, encircling the nucleus of erythrocytes. buparvaquone therapy, two intramuscular injections at the rate of 5 mg/kg at 72 h interval, was su ... | 2017 | 28615870 |
| characterization and epidemiology of pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 viruses (ppmv-1) isolated in macedonia. | we have characterized in this study 10 ppmv-1 isolated from domestic pigeons and one ppmv-1 isolated from a feral pigeon in the period 2007-2012, using both classical methods (hi test and icpi test) and molecular methods (rt-qpcr, rt-pcr, and nucleotide sequencing). using phylogenetic analysis of partial fusion gene sequences, these viruses clustered with recent european ppmv-1 isolates (eu/re) within the genotype vib/1. all isolates possessed virulent cleavage site motifs with variable morbidit ... | 2017 | 28665727 |
| pcr identification and phylogenetic analysis of trichomonas gallinae from domestic pigeons in guangzhou, china. | avian trichomoniasis caused by trichomonas gallinae is a serious protozoan disease worldwide. the domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica) is the main host for t. gallinae and plays an important role in the spread of the disease. based on the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal dna of this parasite, a pair of primers (tgf2/tgr2) was designed and used to develop a pcr assay for the diagnosis of t. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons. this approach allowed the identification of t ... | 2017 | 28719959 |
| zoonotic agents in feral pigeons (columba livia) from costa rica: possible improvements to diminish contagion risks. | most studies on zoonotic agents in pigeons have been conducted in the palearctic region, but the scarcity of data is notorious in the neotropical region, where these birds can breed all year around and are in close contact with humans. in this study, we used a combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methods to identify infectious agents in 141 fecal samples from pigeons collected at four urban parks from costa rica. of these we identified 34 positive samples for salmonella enter ... | 2018 | 29243991 |
| clinical and serological tests for arboviruses in free-living domestic pigeons (columba livia). | in this study, we evaluated the role of free-living domestic pigeons (columba livia) as a reservoir of arboviruses in the city of belém, state of pará, brazil. we investigated the presence of antibodies against the most prevalent arboviruses. | 2017 | 28767977 |
| impact of epidemiological factors on the prevalence, intensity and distribution of ectoparasites in pigeons. | this study was carried out on domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica) from september (2014) to june (2015) to determine the prevalence, intensity and species of ectoparasites in sargodha region, east of pakistan. a total of 200 domestic pigeons were inspected from the study area. parasites were collected by forceps and stored in 70% ethanol. the epidemiological information e.g. health condition, color of plumage, mode of living, breed, intensity etc. were recorded in the form of questionnaire ... | 2017 | 29114144 |
| gamasoidosis caused by the special lineage l1 of dermanyssus gallinae (acarina: dermanyssidae): a case of heavy infestation in a public place in italy. | among gamasina (acari: mesostigmata) mites, some dermanyssoid species are known to cause gamasoidosis, a human dermatitis characterized by papulosquamous eruptions and urticarian lesions. we describe a case of mite infestation which occurred in public conference halls in ferrara (italy), affecting four people who attended the place and showed signs of gamasoidosis. the mites were collected and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and mitochondrial dna sequencing (cy ... | 2017 | 28483708 |
| gastrointestinal helminths of two populations of wild pigeons (columba livia) in brazil. | the present study analyzed gastrointestinal helminth communities in 265 wild pigeons (columba livia) living in the municipalities of são paulo and tatuí, state of são paulo, brazil, over a one-year period. the birds were caught next to grain storage warehouses and were necropsied. a total of 790 parasites comprising one nematode species and one cestode genus were recovered from 110 pigeons, thus yielding an overall prevalence of 41.5%, mean intensity of infection of 7.2 ± 1.6 (range 1-144) and d ... | 2017 | 29211134 |
| an evaluation of the international society for animal genetics recommended parentage and identification panel for the domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica). | in this study, the international society for animal genetics (isag) recommended panel for the identification of the domestic pigeon (columba livia domestica) is characterized based on commonly used statistical parameters. the marker panel is based on 16 short tandem repeat (str) loci (pign15, pign10, pign57, pign26, cliμd16, cliμd19, pign12, cliμd17, cliμt17, pign04, cliμd01, cliμd11, cliμd35, cliμt02, cliμt13, cliμt43). the alleles of the 16 loci consist of a mixture of tri-, tetra-, penta- and ... | 2017 | 28449233 |
| avian semen collection by cloacal massage and isolation of dna from sperm. | collection of semen may be useful for a wide range of applications including studies involving sperm quality, sperm telomere dynamics, and epigenetics. birds are widely used subjects in biological research and are ideal for studies involving repeated sperm samples. however, few resources are currently available for those wishing to learn how to collect and extract dna from avian sperm. here we describe cloacal massage, a gentle, non-invasive manual technique for collecting avian sperm. although ... | 2018 | 29443060 |
| eulimdana clava (nematoda: filarioidea) infection in domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica): molecular characterization and pathological changes. | filarial nematodes of the eulimdana genus inhabit subcutaneous tissue of various avian species, mostly charadriiforme birds. in domestic pigeons, e. clava is the only species recorded in the subcutaneous tissue in a number of isolated cases. in the present study, we discuss the morphology and histopathology of filarial nematodes recovered from subcutaneous tissue of domestic pigeons in bosnia and herzegovina. in total 110 pigeons were submitted to necropsy at the department of pathology of the f ... | 2018 | 29426475 |
| sex-biased transcriptomic response of the reproductive axis to stress. | stress is a well-known cause of reproductive dysfunction in many species, including birds, rodents, and humans, though males and females may respond differently. a powerful way to investigate how stress affects reproduction is by examining its effects on a biological system essential for regulating reproduction, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (hpg) axis. often this is done by observing how a stressor affects the amount of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol or corticosterone, circulating in th ... | 2018 | 29378207 |
| experimentally evoked same-sex sexual behaviour in pigeons: better to be in a female-female pair than alone. | same-sex sexual behaviour has been noted among social animals. however, because of the large number of observations necessary, data from controlled experiments are lacking. in this study, we performed experiments to evaluate the effects of male and female removal in colonies of the feral pigeon (columba livia f. urbana). after the experimental removal of males, five long-lasting female-female pairs occurred. we found that those pairs could successfully raise offspring in a manner comparable to f ... | 2018 | 29374281 |
| chlamydia psittaci in feral rosy-faced lovebirds ( agapornis roseicollis) and other backyard birds in maricopa county, arizona. | in 2013, a mortality event of nonnative, feral rosy-faced lovebirds ( agapornis roseicollis) in residential backyards in maricopa county, arizona, usa was attributed to infection with chlamydia psittaci. in june 2014, additional mortality occurred in the same region. accordingly, in august 2014 we sampled live lovebirds and sympatric bird species visiting backyard bird feeders to determine the prevalence of dna and the seroprevalence of antibodies to c. psittaci using real-time pcr-based testing ... | 2018 | 29369723 |
| telomere erosion varies with sex and age at immune challenge but not with maternal antibodies in pigeons. | conditions experienced early in life have profound impact on adult fitness, and telomere erosion could be a key mechanism in this process. in particular, early exposure to parasites is a frequent phenomenon in young vertebrates, which is associated with several short- and long-term costs such as telomere erosion. however, the timing of exposure to parasites during ontogeny and maternal antibodies can strongly modulate the costs of immunity, and could differentially affect telomere erosion. here, ... | 2018 | 29368815 |
| in situ clock shift reveals that the sun compass contributes to orientation in a pelagic seabird. | compass orientation is central to the control of animal movement from the scale of local food-caching movements around a familiar area in parids [1] and corvids [2, 3] to the first autumn vector navigation of songbirds embarking on long-distance migration [4-6]. in the study of diurnal birds, where the homing pigeon, columba livia, has been the main model, a time-compensated sun compass [7] is central to the two-step map-and-compass process of navigation from unfamiliar places, as well as guidin ... | 2018 | 29337074 |
| comparative myology of the ankle of leopardus wiedii and l. geoffroyi (carnivora: felidae): functional consistency with osteology, locomotor habits and hunting in captivity. | leopardus wiedii (margay) is the only arboreal neotropical felid able to climb head-first down trees, due to its ability to rotate its tarsal joint 180°. a closely related, similar-sized species, l. geoffroyi (geoffroy's cat) exhibits more typical terrestrial habits and lacks the arboreal capabilities of l. wiedii. there is osteological evidence that supports a mechanical specialization of l. wiedii's tarsal joint for inversion, but there have been no studies on the myology of this specializatio ... | 2017 | 29329954 |
| whole-genome sequencing of genotype vi newcastle disease viruses from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from wild pigeons reveals continuous evolution and previously unrecognized genetic diversity in the u.s. | newcastle disease viruses (ndv) are highly contagious and cause disease in both wild birds and poultry. a pigeon-adapted variant of genotype vi ndv, often termed pigeon paramyxovirus 1, is commonly isolated from columbids in the united states and worldwide. complete genomic characterization of these genotype vi viruses circulating in wild columbids in the united states is limited, and due to the genetic variability of the virus, failure of rapid diagnostic detection has been reported. therefore, ... | 2018 | 29329546 |
| co-occurrence of mycoplasma species and pigeon herpesvirus-1 infection in racing pigeons ( columba livia). | oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from 438 live racing pigeons ( columba livia), with and without signs of respiratory disease, that were housed in 220 lofts in 3 provinces in the western part of the netherlands. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to identify mycoplasma species and pigeon herpesvirus-1 (phv-1) from the samples. in 8.6% of the pigeon lofts tested, signs of respiratory disease were present in pigeons at sampling, and in 30.9% of the sampled pigeon lofts, respiratory ... | 2017 | 29327955 |
| fate of egg proteins during the development of columba livia domestica embryo. | the transfer of egg white into the yolk and consumption of yolk proteins by the embryo are largely unexplored in the pigeon columba livia domestica. here, we investigated the route of egg white transfer as well as the degradation and uptake of yolk proteins by the pigeon embryo. initially, we tested the electrophoretic patterns of proteins in different egg compartments throughout development. then, we used lysozyme as a reference protein to follow the egg white transfer, and we measured its acti ... | 2018 | 29316210 |
| coccidiosis of domestic pigeons (columba livia domestica gmelin, 1789) in kano state, nigeria | pigeon coccidiosis is caused by eimeria spp., a protozoan parasite which limits productivity by causing severe illness. although numerous studies have been conducted on the coccidiosis of pigeons in some parts of nigeria, there is no published data from kano state. the intestinal contents of 144 pigeons (72 females and 72 males) were analysed for eimeria oocysts in 2007 from 12 local government areas of kano state over the period of six months including the dry (february–april) and wet (june–aug ... | 2018 | 29274213 |
| free-ranging synanthropic birds (ardea alba and columba livia domestica) as carriers of salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic escherichia coli in the vicinity of an urban zoo. | the presence of free-ranging urban birds is a risk factor for transmitting pathogens to captive animals and humans alike, including salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic escherichia coli. cloacal swabs from 156 synanthropic great egrets (ardea alba) and feral pigeons (columba livia domestica) that inhabit the surroundings of an urban zoo were processed for the identification of salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic e. coli pathotypes. bacterial species identification and genotypic characterization emplo ... | 2018 | 29261025 |
| the biological function of pigeon crop milk and the regulation of its production. | the pigeon (columba livia) is one of the few birds capable of secreting nutrients to nourish squabs. during the incubation period, the crop of the parent pigeon will be thickened. when squabs are hatched, the crop milk will be secreted from the crop and fed to squabs. the nutritional benefits are similar between the pigeon crop milk and mammalian milk, and both of them are regulated by prolactin. prolactin stimulates the proliferation of crop epithelial cells, which eventually slough to form the ... | 2017 | 29258986 |
| pigeons (c. livia) follow their head during turning flight: head stabilization underlies the visual control of flight. | similar flight control principles operate across insect and vertebrate fliers. these principles indicate that robust solutions have evolved to meet complex behavioral challenges. following from studies of visual and cervical feedback control of flight in insects, we investigate the role of head stabilization in providing feedback cues for controlling turning flight in pigeons. based on previous observations that the eyes of pigeons remain at relatively fixed orientations within the head during f ... | 2017 | 29249929 |
| the behavioural and physiological stress responses are linked to plumage coloration in the rock pigeon (columbia livia). | in wild vertebrates, conspicuousness often signals a high phenotypic quality and is therefore associated with fitness benefits ("the handicap principle hypothesis"). however, conspicuous individuals usually face a higher risk of predation because they are easier to detect. therefore, conspicuous individuals are expected to modify their behavioural and their physiological stress responses to limit the negative effect of their conspicuousness on survival. we examined the link between plumage color ... | 2018 | 29246409 |