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major shifts in gut microbiota during development and its relationship to growth in ostriches.the development of gut microbiota during ontogeny is emerging as an important process influencing physiology, immunity and fitness in vertebrates. however, knowledge of how bacteria colonize the juvenile gut, how this is influenced by changes in the diversity of gut bacteria and to what extent this influences host fitness, particularly in nonmodel organisms, is lacking. here we used 16s rrna gene sequencing to describe the successional development of the faecal microbiome in ostriches (struthio ...201930916826
prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in ratites from brazil.the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies was investigated among 104 ratites: 68 rheas (rhea americana), 16 emus (dromaius novaehollandiae), and 20 ostriches (struthio camelus) in 4 brazilian states. the prevalence in rheas was 26.5% (18 of 68), and titers were 1:100 (n = 8), 1:200 (n = 1), 1:400 (n = 4), 1:800 (n = 4), and 1:1,600 (n = 1). in emus, the prevalence was 50% (8 of 16), and titers were 1:50 (n = 1) and 1:100 (n = 7). the ostriches were slaughtered for human consumption, an ...201931584862
ostrich ejaculate characteristics and male libido around equinox and solstice dates.the study evaluated the effect of time of the year in which changes in photoperiod occurs on ostrich semen characteristics and male libido. semen was collected for 5 days before, on and 5 days after winter solstice (21 june 2016), spring equinox (22 september 2016), summer solstice (21 december 2016) and autumn equinox (20 march 2017) in the southern hemisphere. semen was collected from 10 south african black ostrich males (average age ± standard deviation; 4.5 ± 2.27 years) using the dummy fema ...202032451835
the effect of dietary energy and protein level on feather, skin and nodule growth of the ostrich (struthio camelus).accurate diet formulations are required to fulfil the nutrient requirements of birds in order to achieve optimal production. knowing how the skin, nodule and feather production characteristics vary with diets of different nutrient densities will help in least-cost modelling. feather growth and nodule development are factors that were previously neglected in ostrich diet formulation, both of which are essential for the development of a predictive production model. in this trial, 120 birds were pl ...202033054248
early-life gut dysbiosis linked to juvenile mortality in ostriches.imbalances in the gut microbial community (dysbiosis) of vertebrates have been associated with several gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. however, it is unclear which taxa are associated with gut dysbiosis, and if particular gut regions or specific time periods during ontogeny are more susceptible. we also know very little of this process in non-model organisms, despite an increasing realization of the general importance of gut microbiota for health.202033046114
the immune regulatory effect of boron on ostrich chick splenic lymphocytes.boron is a trace element which plays important roles in immune response. the relationship between boron and splenic lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis, secretion of cytokines, and genes potentially related to immune response in ostrich chicks were investigated in the present study. different concentrations of boron (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mmol/l) were applied to splenic lymphocytes of african ostrich, respectively. the effect of boron on lymphocyte proliferation was checke ...202032984939
normal anatomical and diagnostic imaging techniques of the musculotendinous structures of the ostrich (struthio camelus) foot.the objective of this work was to study the normal musculotendinous structures of the ostrich foot.202032607356
systematization, description, and territory of arteries that promote vascularization of the midbrain and rhombencephalon in the ostrich (struthio camelus).brain specimens from 30 ostriches were injected with red-dyed latex via the internal carotid arteries (aa.). the ventral tectal mesencephalic artery (a.), invariably a medium-sized single vessel, was, on the right side, a collateral branch of the caudal branch of the carotid artery (53.4%), a direct branch of the carotid artery (43.3%) and a direct branch of the basilar artery (3.3%) and on the left side, a collateral branch of the caudal branch of the carotid artery (66.7%), a direct branch of ...202032133791
boron supplementation promotes osteogenesis of tibia by regulating the bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression in african ostrich chicks.the present study aimed to explore the effects of supplemental boron on osteogenesis of tibia and to investigate the possible relationship between additional boron and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp-2) in tibia of ostrich chicks. therefore, forty-eight african ostrich chicks (15 days old) were supplemented with 0 mg/l, 40 mg/l, 80 mg/l, 160 mg/l, 320 mg/l, and 640 mg/l of boron in drinking water for 75 days. the paraffin sections of tibia used to measure histomorphometric pa ...202032676937
arterial blood supply of the ostrich (struthio camelus) heart.the current work was focused on giving a full morphological description of the arterial supply of the heart of the ostrich (struthio camelus). the purpose of this work was achieved on eight ostrich hearts. the arterial blood supply of the ostrich heart occurred through the two coronary arteries that originated from the aorta at the left and right aortic sinus. each coronary artery gave off a deep and a superficial branch. the main arterial blood supply of the ostrich heart came from the superfic ...202032653167
does the renal portal valve exist in a raptor species? a study aimed at further evaluating the mechanism of toxicity of diclofenac in vultures.diclofenac has been responsible for the deaths of millions of vultures on the asian subcontinent. while the pathology of toxicity is well described, the mechanism of toxicity remains elusive. however, it was postulated that toxicity could be related to the unique avian renal vascular structure known as the renal portal valve and that that diclofenac altered valve functionality with subsequent renal ischaemia. while plausible, the valva renalis portalis has only been described in a small number o ...202032608095
osteological description of casque ontogeny in the southern cassowary (casuarius casuarius) using micro-ct imaging.extant cassowaries (casuarius) are unique flightless birds found in the tropics of indo-australia. they have garnered substantial attention from anatomists with focus centered on the bony makeup and function of their conspicuous cranial casques, located dorsally above the orbits and neurocranium. the osteological patterning of the casque has been formally described previously; however, there are differing interpretations between authors. these variable descriptions suggest that an anatomical und ...202032558300
meat quality, skin damage and reproductive performance of ostriches exposed to extensive human presence and interactions at an early age.the effect human presence and interactions performed after hatch to 3 months of age has on ostrich meat quality, skin damage and reproductive performance at a later age was investigated in 416-day-old ostrich chicks. the chicks were allocated to one of the three treatments, which varied with regard to exposure to human presence and care for 3 months post-hatch: hp1-extensive human presence with physical contact (touch, stroking), gentle human voice and visual contact; hp2-extensive human presenc ...202032914345
anatomy of the tarsometatarsal region and digits in the ostrich (struthio camelus): a computed tomography and cross-sectional study.the ostrich is the largest living bird and has unique characteristics in its locomotor system that differentiate it from other bird species. the purpose of this study was to provide a reference atlas of reference-interval computed tomography (ct) and cross-sectional anatomy of the tarsometatarsal region and digits in the ostrich (struthio camelus). the pelvic limbs of 25 ostriches were used for this imaging study. the transverse ct images were obtained from the middle third of the tarsometatarsa ...202032702953
putative adult neurogenesis in palaeognathous birds: the common ostrich (struthio camelus) and emu (dromaius novaehollandiae).in the current study, we examined adult neurogenesis throughout the brain of the common ostrich (struthio camelus) and emu (dromaius novaehollandiae) using immunohistochemistry for the endogenous markers pcna which labels proliferating cells, and dcx, which stains immature and migrating neurons. the distribution of pcna and dcx labelled cells was widespread throughout the brain of both species. the highest density of cells immunoreactive to both markers was observed in the olfactory bulbs and th ...202032767787
extensive human presence and regular gentle handling improve growth, survival and immune competence in ostrich chicks.a total of 416 day-old ostrich chicks were randomly allocated to one of the three different husbandry practices for 3 months after hatch; hp1 (extensive human presence with gentle human voice, visual and gentle physical stimuli), hp2 (similar to hp1 but without physical stimuli) and s (human presence limited to supply of feed and water). chick weight (kg) was measured at 6 and 12 weeks of age, while mortalities were recorded daily to calculate the survival rate. finally, chicks' antibody respons ...202031296055
mycoplasma nasistruthionis sp. nov. and mycoplasma struthionis sp. nov. isolated from ostriches with respiratory disease.twelve mycoplasma (m.) strains isolated from the nose, the trachea, and the lung of ostriches (struthio camelus) displaying respiratory disease were investigated. analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences placed five of these strains within the m. synoviae cluster, and seven strains within the m. hominis cluster of genus mycoplasma, which was further confirmed by analyses of the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer region, and partial rpob gene and amino acid sequences. genomic information as well as phenot ...202031859015
a preliminary study on the glycosylation of the reproductive tract in the ostrich (struthio camelus camelus).glycosylation of the reproductive tract of an adult female red-necked ostrich (struthio camelus camelus) carrying a fully formed calcified egg in her uterus when accidently killed by a blow to the head, was examined using lectin histochemistry on samples from the infundibulum, magnum, uterus and vagina. glycans in the luminal epithelium and underlying glands were described after staining with 23 lectins after neuraminidase pretreatment in some cases. ciliated and non-ciliated cells were evident ...202033174273
isolation and characterization of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from ostriches (struthio camelus) in vietnam.clostridium perfringens can cause enteritis in ostriches. the toxin release is believed to play a major role in determining pathogenesis properties of these pathogenic bacteria. this study was conducted to isolate and characterize c. perfringens strains from ostriches in vietnam for identifying if particular virulence factors of these pathogenic bacteria are associated with enteritis progress in ostriches.202033061245
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