Publications

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new blood flukes (trematoda: spirorchidae) from the marine turtle, chelonia mydas (l.). 195214946622
some aspects of electrolyte excretion in the green turtle, chelonia mydas mydas. 196414161614
physiological adjustments to prolonged diving in the pacific green turtle (chelonia mydas agassizii). 19665965104
physiological adjustments to deep diving in the pacific green turtle (chelonia mydas agassizii). 19676051652
preference for light of short wavelengths in hatchling green sea turtles, chelonia mydas, tested on their natural nesting beaches. 19676038298
the role of vision in the sea-finding orientation of the green turtle (chelonia mydas). 19676031107
hearing in the giant sea turtle, chelonia mydas.measurement were made of the cochlear potentials in three specimens of the giant sea turtle, chelonia mydas, in response to both aerial and mechanical stimulation of the ear. the results show maximum sensitivity in the region of 300 to 400 hz, with a rather rapid decline in sensitivity for lower and especially for higher tones. the upper limit for the observation of cochlear potentials without injury is 2000 hz, and a practical limit of usefulness of this ear is probably about 1000 hz.19695264146
green sea turtles: a discrete simulation of density-dependent population regulation.field data on the nesting of the green sea turtle were used to construct a stochastic model. this model was simulated by use of a digital computer language simscript (monte carlo) to determine the relation between the percentage of nests destroyed and the size of the turtle population. nest destruction is dependent on population density and provides a mechanism to regulate population size.196917737318
retinal oil globule counts and distributions in two species of turtles: pseudemys scripta elegans (wied) and chelonia mydas mydas (linnaeus). 19705435015
microspectrophotometric measurements of visual pigments in two species of turtle, pseudemys scripta and chelonia mydas. 19715551491
an operant method for the study of chemoreception in the green turtle, chelonia mydas. 19724653343
spectral sensitivity of the green turtle (chelonia mydas mydas) determined by electrical responses to heterochromatic light. 19724653340
three classes of immunoglobulins found in the sea turtle, chelonia mydas. 19724621961
mechanics of the respiratory cycle in the green turtle (chelonia mydas). 19744445611
a herpesvirus-type agent associated with skin lesions of green sea turtles in aquaculture.nine successive groups of green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) were observed in aquaculture during the posthatchling period. during the first 6 months of growth, each group underwent an epizootic of skin lesions, named gray-patch disease. two types of skin lesions are associated with gray-patch disease: papules and, more characteristically, spreading gray patches which appear 7 to 8 weeks after hatching. in both types of lesions, intranuclear inclusions are found in keratinocytes in the malpighian ...1975168798
characterization of myoglobins from atlantic and pacific green sea turtles. 19761277793
energetics of swimming of a sea turtle.young (mean mass 735 g) green turtles (chelonia mydas) were able to swim in a water channel at sustained speeds between 0-14 and 0-35 m.s-1. oxygen consumption at rest was was 0-07 l.kg-1.h-1; at maximum swimming speed oxygen consumption was 3-4 times greater than at rest for a given individual. in comparison with other animals of the same body mass the cost of transport for the green turtle (0.186lo2.kg-1.km-1) is less than that for flying birds but greater than that for fish. from drag measure ...19761270983
winter dormancy in sea turtles: independent discovery and exploitation in the gulf of california by two local cultures.documentation is reported for sea turtles overwintering on the sea bottom. seri indians have traditionally hunted nonmigrating dormant green turtles (chelonia mydas) along the bottom of the infiernillo channel in the gulf of california. mexican fishermen independently discovered dormant turtles during winter 1972-1973, and with new hunting technologies are rapidly decimating these unusual stocks.197617832146
further studies on the chemical nature of reptilian gonadotropins: fsh and lh in the american alligator and green sea turtle. 19761260093
ventilation, gas exchange and metabolic scaling of a sea turtle.ventilation of green turtles (chelonia mydas) was affected by the position in which the animal was placed: supine animals breathed slowly 0.07 breaths/min) and deeply (8.0 l/breath); prone animals breathed more rapidly (0.43 breaths/min) and more shallowly (3.5 l/breath). from the respiratory exchange ratio and other indicators it appears that green turtles hyperventilate during exercise and hypoventilate during recovery. o2 consumption of the resting sea turtle (0.024 l-kg-1-h-1) is similar to ...1976973053
quantitative requirement of the hatchling green sea turtle, chelonia mydas, for valine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine.hatchling green sea turtles were fed purified diets containing 36% crude protein (n x 6.25) to determine the quantitative requirements for valine, leucine, isoleucine and phenylalanine. expressed as percentage of total dry diet, the hatchling green sea turtle requires 1.3% valine, 1.6% leucine, 1.0% isoleucine and 1.0% phenylalanine (in the presence of 0.5% tyrosine). within the range of isoleucine-leucine levels investigated, there was no apparent interrelationship between the quantitative requ ...1977886391
immunological studies with the gonadotropins and their subunits from the green sea turtle chelonia mydas. 1977562813
effect of water temperature on a herpesvirus infection of sea turtles.the role of water temperature in the induction and maintenance of a dermal herpesvirus infection (gray-patch disease) of young, green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) was studied under carefully controlled experimental conditions, in which the influence of other recognized stress factors was negligible. a nimals that were subjected to a gradual temperature increase from 25 to 30 degrees c, with subsequent maintenance at 30 degrees c, and those that were abruptly shifted from water at 25 degrees c to ...1977192673
in vitro binding of radioiodinated sea turtle (chelonia mydas) follicle stimulating hormone to reptilian gonadal tissues. 1977924117
the pineal-paraphyseal complex of sea turtles. i. light microscopic description.the pineal-paraphyseal complex of sea turtles is an impressively large structure which projects dorsally and anteriorly above the prosencephalon. the complex was examined by light microscopy in several age classes of green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) and from juvenile loggerhead turtles (caretta caretta). the paraphysis is extensively fused to the distal portion of the pineal body, suggesting an interrelated function for these two tissues. no duct or canal was observed connecting the pineal lum ...1978731704
relationship between the major phosphorylated metabolic intermediates and oxygen affinity of whole blood in the loggerhead (caretta caretta) and the green sea turtle (chelonia mydas) during development. 197823975
bile salts of the green turtle chelonia mydas (l.)1. bile salts of the green turtle chelonia mydas (l.) were analysed as completely as possible. 2. they consist of taurine conjugates of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha, 22 xi-tetrahydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (tetrahydroxysterocholanic acid) and 3 alpha 12 alpha, 22 xi-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid, with minor amounts of 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid (cholic acid), 3alpha, 12 alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid (deoxycholic acid) and possibly ot ...1978656052
caryospora cheloniae sp. n.: a coccidial pathogen of mariculture-reared green sea turtles (chelonia mydas mydas).caryospora cheloniae sp. n. is described from mariculture-reared green sea turtles (chelonia m. mydas). the sporulated oocyst has a thin, transparent, single-layered wall which often ruptures, leaving a naked sporulated sporocyst. oocysts measured 33.8 to 40.1 micrometer by 11.0 to 14.6 micrometer (mean 37.4 by 12.8 micrometer). greatest concentrations of developmental stages of c. cheloniae were found in the hindgut. transverse binary fission was observed in dividing tissue stages. pathologic a ...1978418191
symbiotic cellulose degradation in green turtles, chelonia mydas l.a postgastric, fermentative breakdown of structural plant tissue was demonstrated for green turtles. about 90% cellulose was hydrolyzed. bacterial and protozoan numbers compared with those of the rumen.197916345350
seaward orientation of hatchling turtles: turning systems in the optic tectum.this paper reports studies on the mechanisms underlying seaward orientation in hatchling turtles. the particular aim was to investigate whether activity in different regions of the retina and associated tectal areas, as assessed by some comparator mechanism, results in turning in different directions. hatchling green turtles (chelonia mydas) were tested for sea-finding ability in a natural situation on the beach following lesions of the optic tectum. asymmetrical bilateral lesions resulted in a ...1979487064
serum gonadotropins and steroids associated with breeding activities in the green sea turtle chelonia mydas. i. captive animals. 1979499756
radioimmunoassay of plasma progesterone, testosterone, total estrogen and immunoreactive gonadotropin in the nesting and non-nesting green sea turtle, chelonia mydas (l.).plasma progesterone, testosterone, total estrogens and immunoreactive gonadotropin were measured in nesting and non-nesting sea turtles, chelonia mydas. progesterone and gonadotropin concentrations were significantly higher in nesting than in non-nesting turtles, testosterone was not significantly different in either group and total estrogens appeared to be slightly in the nesting group.1979477901
ventilatory response to inspired co2 in the sea turtle: effects of body size and temperature.the ventilatory response of green turtles (chelonia mydas) to inspired co2 was tested. both immature (0.9--1.35 kg) and adult (59--130 kg) animals responded with increased ventilation (ve) that was primarily (immature) or exclusively (adult) due to increased respiratory frequency. the ve of the immature turtles while breathing air increased with temperatures between 15 and 35 degrees c with a q10 of 1.95, but the peak ve of these turtles while breathing 4.5% co2 in air was not significantly diff ...1979515563
mycotic pneumonia in mariculture-reared green sea turtles.microbiologic examination of 29 juvenile green sea turtles with a buoyancy abnormality revealed pulmonary infection with sporotrichium sp, cladosporium sp, and paecilomyces sp. histologic examination of the lungs revealed granulomatous lesions containing branching septate hyphae. the diagnosis was mycotic pneumonia.1979521376
somatic and immune responses to bovine growth hormone, bovine prolactin, and diethylstilbestrol in the green sea turtle. 1979467971
serum gonadotropin and steroids associated with breeding activities in the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas. ii. mating and nesting in natural populations. 19807353782
organochlorine residues in eggs of loggerhead and green sea turtles nesting at merritt island, florida--july and august 1976.eggs from nine clutches of loggerhead turtles (caretta caretta) and two clutches of green turtles (chelonia mydas) were collected as they were laid on merritt island, florida. eggs were incubated, frozen, and analyzed for organochlorines. levels of dde and pcb, the major contaminants, averaged less than 0.08 ppm in loggerhead eggs and were even lower in green turtle eggs. these concentrations are far below levels thought to be potentially harmful. loggerhead eggs were frozen after 43-52 days inc ...19806775282
temperature effects on ventilation and acid-base balance of the green turtle.ventilation (ve), pulmonary gas exchange (mo2 and mco2), and arterial acid-base status (ph and paco2) were measured in immature green turtles. chelonia mydas, equilibrated at 15, 25, and 35 degrees c. from 25 to 35 degrees c, ph decreased by 0.0134 u/degrees c and paco2 increased from 30.1 +/- 1.1 to 46.0 +/- 2.4 torr (mean +/- se, n = 8) in conformity with results from other ectotherms. from 15 to 25 degrees c, however, ph fell on the average by 0.06 u/degrees c but the change was not significa ...19806776816
melatonin in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of the green sea turtle (chelonia mydas). 19807189168
[sanitary and pathological problems in the intensive rearing of turtles (chelonia mydas, l) on réunion island]. 19807455290
pathological changes associated with cardiovascular trematodes (digenea: spirorchidae) in a green sea turtle chelonia mydas (l). 19817320241
metabolism of testosterone in vitro by brain and pituitary slices of a seawater turtle (chelonia mydas mydas) and freshwater turtle (podocnemis expansa). 19817265967
metabolism of testosterone and progesterone by liver homogenates of the seawater turtle (chelonia mydas mydas) in vitro. 19817265966
purification of thyrotropin from the pituitaries of two turtles: the green sea turtle and the snapping turtle. 19817286628
anesthesia in the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas. 19827149396
temperature-dependent sex determination: current practices threaten conservation of sea turtles.temperature determines the sex of hatchling green turtles (chelonia mydas) produced from eggs incubated in a beach hatchery under different temperature regimens. cola and cool nests (less than 28 degrees c) produced almost no females (0 to 10 percent) and warm, thermostable nests (greater than 29.5 degrees c) produced almost all females (95 to 100 percent). a few intersex hatchlings were produced at lower temperatures. since little concern is given to temperatures at which sea turtle eggs are in ...19827079758
characterization of a reptilian epithelioid skin cell line derived from the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas.a continuous line of epithelioid cells was established from explant skin tissues of the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas. these cells, designated gts, have been subcultured more than 60 times in commercially available mammalian cell culture medium supplemented with 5% bovine calf serum. of those temperatures tested, optimal growth was achieved at 30 degrees c although replication occurred between 16 and 37 degrees c. these cells may be held as monolayers at 8 degrees c or stored frozen in growth ...19827129477
gastric ulceration associated with larval nematodes (anisakis sp. type i) in pen reared green turtles (chelonia mydas) from torres strait.during turtle farming operations in torres strait, green turtles (chelonia mydas) penned on murray island became infected with a larval nematode (anisakis sp. type i). the larvae were found associated with haemorrhagic ulcers in the pyloroduodenal junction of the alimentary tract. the apparent source of infection was a locally abundant sardine (harengula ovalis), on which the murray island turtles were fed. turtles held on other islands in the region were not fed sardines and remained uninfected ...19827097868
regulation of hemoglobin function and whole blood oxygen affinity by carbon dioxide and ph in the loggerhead (caretta caretta) and green sea turtle (chelonia mydas mydas).the oxygen affinity of suspensions of erythrocytes from juvenile and adult loggerhead (caretta caretta) and green sea (chelonia mydas mydas) turtles decreased markedly with increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (0 to near 15%) or hydrogen ion (ph 7.6 to ph 7.2). the p50's were higher with increases in pco2, particularly at ph near 7.4, than were the p50's with increases in hydrogen ion concentration at any given co2 concentration. solutions of hemoglobins from the juvenile loggerhead (8-9 ...19826819256
effects of ph, co2 and organic phosphates on oxygen affinity of sea turtle hemoglobins.the affinities of adult-type hemoglobins of green (chelonia mydas) and loggerhead (caretta caretta) sea turtles were determined at 25.7 degrees c as a function of ph, pco2 and each of the organic phosphates found in erythrocytes of these species (atp, ihp (substitute for ipp) and dpg). each species showed a single hemoglobin band in cellulose acetate electrophoresis which isoelectric focusing resolved into one major and three minor components having isoelectric points near ph 7.2. oxygen binding ...19826810432
oxygen affinity of sea turtle blood.the oxygen binding properties of whole blood in adult sea turtles (green, chelonia mydas; loggerhead, caretta caretta) were measured as a function of ph, and carbon dioxide partial pressure using the 'hemoscan oxygen dissociation analyser' with modifications that improved the performance of the method. under approximately physiological conditions (25.7 degrees c, pco2 = 37 torr; ph 7.45) there is a marked affinity difference between the two species (green, p50 = 29 torr; loggerhead, 47 torr). it ...19826810431
the primary structure of myoglobin from pacific green sea turtle (chelonia mydas caranigra).the amino acid sequence of the main component myoglobin from skeletal muscle of pacific green sea turtle (chelonia mydas caranigra) has been determined. the globin is 153 residues in length and has a free amino-terminus. the heme-binding and internal residues are as found in mammalian myoglobins. ten substitutions are observed between this myoglobin and that from map turtle. about 38, 52, 47 and 86 substitutions are noted in comparison with the myoglobins of other reptiles, mammals, birds and fi ...19836824692
the respiratory epithelium of the lung in the green turtle (chelonia mydas l.).the chelonian lung exhibits reptilian, mammalian and avian features. the respiratory epithelium is typically vertebrate, i.e. pseudostratified columnar with cilia; gaseous exchange areas appear at all levels from the respiratory bronchi down to the alveoli. the latter are invested with a capillary network and both type i and type ii cells are present. the possible functional significance of the distribution of collagen, elastic tissue, cartilage and smooth muscle is discussed.19846490523
the characterisation and distribution of cells lining the axillary gland of the adult green turtle (chelonia mydas l.).the axillary gland of the marine turtle lies in the angle formed by the carapace and plastron. the gland is compound tubular and the secretions released by the various acini are conveyed to the exterior via a large excretory duct lined by stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium. the main secretory areas are lined by holocrine cells, i.e. they degenerate on discharging their contents. the epithelium lining the short ducts which carry the holocrine secretions to the large excretory duct is ...19846715249
presence of a neurophysin-like precursor in the green turtle (chelonia mydas).a glycoprotein of neurohypophysial origin was found to have cofractionated with fsh prepared from pituitary glands of the green turtle, chelonia mydas. antiserum raised against this preparation contained high antibody titres and affinity for the neurohypophysial component and allowed development of a specific radioimmunoassay to monitor its purification and distribution in the brain. immunocytochemistry revealed that the glycoprotein was concentrated in the pars nervosa and associated nerve trac ...19846434686
histopathology of infections by learedius learedi price, 1934 and neospirorchis schistosomatoides price, 1934 (digenea: spirorchiidae) in wild green turtles, chelonia mydas l., from bermuda. 19854078989
isolation and properties of sea turtle (chelonia mydas) pituitary prolactin.sea turtle prolactin (prl) was isolated in a highly purified state from sea turtle pituitary side fractions obtained from other studies and some of its biological, chemical, and immunological properties were determined. sea turtle prl is a protein of 22-24 kda [sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. its sole amino terminal amino acid residue is leucine. the amino acid composition of sea turtle prl is similar to ovine prl and is characterized by a high content of aspart ...19852416632
annual and diurnal cycles in plasma testosterone and thyroxine in the male green sea turtle chelonia mydas.male plasma testosterone (t) and thyroxine (t4) were monitored over several annual cycles in a captive breeding colony of green sea turtles, chelonia mydas. daily and annual water temperatures varied by only approximately 1 and 3 degrees, respectively. a pronounced season cycle in plasma t was evident in the population as a whole and in individual animals: plasma t was at a nadir (approximately 3 ng/ml) in september-november and then increased progressively to a peak (27-39 ng/ml) in april; leve ...19854039277
cell-mediated immune response of chelonia mydas.blastogenic and cytotoxic responsiveness of peripheral blood leukocytes from the green turtle, chelonia mydas were examined. blastogenic responses were low level and showed considerable variation between animals. blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin a was observed through out all seasons. responses to pokeweed mitogen and lipopolysaccharide were seasonal, appearing in spring. no blastogenic response to protein a or allogeneic leukocytes was observed. cytotoxic respons ...19854043482
reevaluation of the relative activities of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and thyrotrophin) from the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas.the discovery that the follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) previously prepared from the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas, contained a major neurohypophysial contaminant prompted a repurification and characterization of the glycoprotein hormones in this turtle. results reaffirmed the physicochemical distinctiveness of the three hormones. minimal cross-contamination between hormones (less than 2%) was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography, subunit dissociation (of contaminating luteinizing hormon ...19852989082
the morphology of the kidney of the green turtle (chelonia mydas l.).the kidneys of the green turtle are flattened, lobed and closely applied to the posterior wall of the pleuroperitoneal cavity. the ability to differentiate new functional nephrons is retained by five years old animals. the functional nephron comprises a glomerulus, proximal tubule, intermediate segment which can be subdivided into a proximal non-secretory segment and a distal mucus secreting segment, distal convoluted tubule and collecting tubule. both the proximal and distal tubules exhibit com ...19854066475
myoglobin interspecies structural differences: effects on autoxidation and oxygenation.thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the oxygenation and autoxidation reactions were determined for yellowfin tuna (thunnus albacares), pacific green sea turtle (chelonia mydas caranigra), and sperm whale myoglobin. these proteins have quite similar heme contact residues, but vary in residues which are involved in globin stabilization and in postulated ligand paths to the heme iron. oxygen equilibria measurements from 10 to 40 degrees c reveal that green sea turtle myoglobin has a lower oxyge ...19863740846
[coronary vascularization of the marine turtle chelonia mydas].the irrigation of the heart of the green turtle (chelonia mydas) was studied through the clearing and disection techniques. five coronary new irrigation patterns were found. the presence of anastomoses is discussed along with the number and position of the colateral vessels.19863423337
conjunctivitis, tracheitis, and pneumonia associated with herpesvirus infection in green sea turtles.fourteen juvenile (15- to 20-month-old) green sea turtles (chelonia mydas), representative of a group of sea turtles with clinical signs of respiratory tract disease, were euthanatized and submitted for necropsy. macroscopically, lesions included periglottal necrosis, tracheitis with intraluminal caseous and laminated necrotic debris, and severe pneumonia. several turtles had caseous conjunctival exudate covering the eyes. microscopically, the turtles had fibrinonecrotic inflammation around the ...19862851569
the structure of the carapace and plastron of juvenile turtles, chelonia mydas (the green turtle) and caretta caretta (the loggerhead turtle).consistent with their primary function as a protective covering, the carapace and plastron are heavily keratinised. in both species, the carapace is heavily pigmented and during the development and translocation of basal cells from the germinal layer of the epidermis, pigment granules migrate towards the surface layers. the epidermis is generally 2-4 cells thick; however at the growing points it can attain 6 cell layers. the epidermis is much thicker over the plastron of the loggerhead turtle. t ...19862448277
pulmonary function of the green sea turtle, chelonia mydas.lung volumes, oxygen uptake (vo2), end-tidal po2, and pco2, diffusing capacity of the lungs for co (dlco), pulmonary blood flow (ql) and respiratory frequency were measured in the green sea turtle (chelonia mydas) (49-127 kg body wt). mean lung volume (vl) determined from helium dilution was 57 ml/kg and physiological dead space volume (vd) was about 3.6 ml/kg. ql, determined from acetylene uptake during rebreathing, increased in proportion to vo2 with temperature. therefore, constant o2 content ...19873558205
volatile fatty acid concentrations in the digestive tract of the west indian manatee, trichechus manatus.1. digesta samples were collected from five west indian manatees, trichechus manatus, for volatile fatty acid (vfa) analysis. 2. mean total vfa concentrations were low in the stomach and duodenum (18.6 and 12.3 mm/l, respectively). mean vfa concentrations were considerably higher in the cecum and colon (220.6 and 307.3 mm/l, respectively). 3. the relative proportions of the individual vfa's shifted from predominantly acetic acid in the foregut to a mixture of acetic, butyric and propionic acids ...19873677614
occurrence of hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases in liver of turtles.1. hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases have been partially purified from the cytosol fraction (105,000 g supernatant) of liver from a fresh-water turtle (podocnemis expansa) and a sea-water turtle (chelonia mydas mydas) by precipitation with ammonium sulphate (as, 10-80% saturation). 2. the following enzymes were detected (substrates in brackets): 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (androsterone), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (dhea) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (testosterone, ...19872827953
conformational changes of alpha-macroglobulin and ovomacroglobulin from the green turtle (chelonia mydas japonica).green turtle plasma alpha-macroglobulin and ovomacroglobulin underwent conformational changes when they were treated with proteinases or methylamine. their conformational changes were studied by hplc gel chromatography, circular dichroism, and electron microscopy. the stokes radii of native green turtle alpha-macroglobulin and ovomacroglobulin were estimated to be 84.3 +/- 0.5 a, and 93.0 +/- 0.5 a, respectively, by means of an hplc experiment. after reaction with methylamine or proteinases, the ...19882453504
purification and characterization of alpha-macroglobulin and ovomacroglobulin of the green turtle (chelonia mydas japonica).the plasma alpha-macroglobulin and egg white ovomacroglobulin were purified from the sea turtle, chelonia mydas japonica, and their structural and functional properties were studied with the aim of clarifying the degree of evolutional divergence of two homologous proteins specific to different tissues of the same animal. the concentration of alpha-macroglobulin in green turtle plasma was about 4 mg/ml. the protein was purified from the plasma by precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000, follo ...19882453503
initiation and ultrastructure of a reptilian fibroblast cell line obtained from cutaneous fibropapillomas of the green turtle, chelonia mydas.two fibroblastic cell lines were established from explants of fibropapillomas of each of two different green turtles (chelonia mydas). these cells, designated gtfp (green turtle fibropapilloma), were subcultured approximately 30 times at 30 degrees c in eagle's minimal essential media supplemented with 2 to 10% fetal bovine serum. the ultrastructural morphology of the cultured fibroblasts is described. the cells contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, polyribosomes, and mitochondria; col ...19892592301
studies on cardiovascular fluke (digenea: spirorchiidae) infections in sea turtles from the great barrier reef, queensland, australia.twenty-seven sea turtles (23 chelonia mydas and four eretmochelys imbricata) from northeast queensland were found to be infected with cardiovascular flukes and/or their eggs. five had originated from turtle farms in the torres strait, five from an oceanarium on magnetic island (146 degrees 56'e, 19 degrees s) and the remainder from coral reefs in the torres strait or near townsville. the incidence of flukes and/or eggs in the groups was 4.8 per cent (5 of 104), 33.3 per cent (5 of 15) and 72.2 p ...19892584443
the complete amino acid sequence of growth hormone from the sea turtle (chelonia mydas).the complete amino acid sequence of growth hormone (gh) from a reptilian species (the sea turtle, chelonia mydas) has been determined for the first time. the hormone was reduced, carboxymethylated, and subsequently cleaved in turn with cyanogen bromide and staphylococcus aureus protease. the intact protein was also cleaved with lysyl endopeptidase and o-iodosobenzoic acid. the resulting fragments were exclusively separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and subjected to ...19892707583
an odyssey of the green sea turtle: ascension island revisited.green turtles (chelonia mydas) that nest on ascension island, in the south-central atlantic, utilize feeding grounds along the coast of brazil, more than 2000 km away. to account for the origins of this remarkable migratory behavior, carr and coleman [carr, a. & coleman, p. j. (1974) nature (london) 249, 128-130] proposed a vicariant biogeographic scenario involving plate tectonics and natal homing. under the carr-coleman hypothesis, the ancestors of ascension island green turtles nested on isla ...198916594013
cutaneous fibropapillomas of green turtles (chelonia mydas).six juvenile green turtles (chelonia mydas) from the indian river lagoon system, florida, u.s.a., with multiple cutaneous fibropapillomas, were kept in isolation and examined over a 6-month period. histologically, the fibropapillomas consisted of a slightly to moderately hyperplastic epidermis overlying a thickened hypercellular dermis. in the earliest lesions, ballooning degeneration was present predominantly in the stratum basale where rete ridges extended into the dermis; aggregates of mixed ...19892677067
wavelength-dependent temporal properties of retinal horizontal cells in turtles.electrical responses of luminosity horizontal cells (l cells) to monochromatic stimuli were analyzed by intracellular recordings in the retinas of the freshwater turtle (pseudemys scripta elegans) and of the sea turtle (chelonia mydas mydas). light intensity, duration, and wavelength were varied to assess temporal effects. for a given intensity of monochromatic light, response amplitude increased with stimulus duration until maximum amplitude occurred at a specific duration. this suprathreshold ...19902271453
cutaneous fibropapillomas and renal myxofibroma in a green turtle, chelonia mydas.a debilitated 7 kg juvenile green turtle (chelonia mydas mydas) with multiple ulcerated and infected cutaneous fibropapillomas was clinically evaluated and found to have a nonregenerative anemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and several electrolyte abnormalities. surgery was performed to remove the larger tumors. the turtle did not eat postsurgically, and an attempt was made to place a pharyngostomy tube utilizing endoscopy. edematous esophageal papillae, the angulation of the gastroesophage ...19902338730
the complete amino acid sequence of prolactin from the sea turtle (chelonia mydas).the complete amino acid sequence of prolactin (prl) from a reptile, the sea turtle (chelonia mydas), was determined for the first time. sequence analysis was performed on fragments obtained from cleavage of intact and performic acid-oxidized hormone with lysyl endopeptidase, staphylococcus aureus protease, and o-iodosobenzoic acid employing manual edman degradation. the sea turtle prl consists of 198 amino acid residues with three disulfide linkages formed between residues 4-11, 58-173, and 190- ...19902289679
sex-specific dna in reptiles with temperature sex determination.banded krait minor ("bkm") satellite dna, originating in the w-chromosome of the snake bungarus fasciatus, has been found in the genome of diverse eukaryotic species including fruit fly, quail, and horse. concentrations of bkm have been found in the presumptive w-chromosome of snakes with isomorphic sex chromosomes and in the male-determining region of the y-chromosome in mouse and man. we therefore asked whether bkm-related dna might be present in quantitative excess in dna from males or female ...19902156951
carettacola hawaiiensis n. sp. (trematoda: spirorchidae) from the green turtle, chelonia mydas, in hawaii.carettacola hawaiiensis n. sp. (trematoda: spirorchidae) is described from the hepatic vessels of the green turtle, chelonia mydas (l.), in hawaii. the new species differs from any previously described species of carettacola in size, placement of vitellaria, and shape and placement of laurer's canal. the genus haemoxenicon martin and bamberger, 1952, becomes a synonym of carettacola manter and larson, 1950. haemoxenicon stunkardi martin and bamberger, 1952, is transferred to the genus carettacol ...19911779294
dna fingerprinting in reptiles: bkm hybridization patterns in crocodilia and chelonia.the simple tetranucleotide repeat gata (gaca) occurs in all eukaryotes so far studied. in many species, the arrangement of these sequences varies considerably among individuals. thus gata (gaca) type probes produce dna fingerprints when hybridized with restricted dna from different individuals within a species. banded krait minor (bkm) satellite dna (related to sequences originally recovered from the w chromosome of the banded krait and consisting essentially of a series of gata repeats) is foun ...19911889739
ocular dimensions and schematic eyes of freshwater and sea turtles.measurements were made of the ocular dimensions from living and frozen eyes of one species of freshwater turtle, pseudemys scripta elegans, and of three species of marine turtles, chelonia mydas, dermochelys cariacea, and eretmochelys imbricata. estimates of refractive error by retinoscopy were also obtained with eyes in air and under water. the results suggest that unaccommodated eyes of all four species are approximately emmetropic in air but strongly hyperopic in water. schematic eyes were ca ...19911772809
blood profiles for a wild population of green turtles (chelonia mydas) in the southern bahamas: size-specific and sex-specific relationships.blood biochemical profiles and packed cell volumes were determined for 100 juvenile green turtles, chelonia mydas, from a wild population in the southern bahamas. there was a significant correlation of body size to 13 of the 26 blood parameters measured. only plasma uric acid and cholesterol were significantly different between male and female turtles. the relationship between total plasma proteins and plasma refractive index was significant. the equation for converting refractive index (y) to t ...19921512872
global population genetic structure and male-mediated gene flow in the green turtle (chelonia mydas): rflp analyses of anonymous nuclear loci.we introduce an approach for the analysis of mendelian polymorphisms in nuclear dna (ndna), using restriction fragment patterns from anonymous single-copy regions amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and apply this method to the elucidation of population structure and gene flow in the endangered green turtle, chelonia mydas. seven anonymous clones isolated from a total cell dna library were sequenced to generate primers for the amplification of ndna fragments. nine individuals were screen ...19921350555
quantitative requirements of the hatchling green sea turtle for lysine, tryptophan, and methionine.the quantitative requirement for the amino acids lysine, tryptophan, and methionine was determined for the hatchling green sea turtle (chelonia mydas). hatchling green sea turtles were fed synthetic diets of purified substances with the composition of the diet varying in the amount of lysine, tryptophan or methionine present. the lysine requirement was found to be 4.8% of the crude protein (n x 6.25) or 1.7% of the dry diet. the tryptophan requirement was found to be 0.63% of the crude protein o ...1992556761
serum gonadotropins and gonadal steroids associated with ovulation and egg production in sea turtles.changes in serum concentrations of gonadotropins and gonadal steroids during the periovulatory period were monitored in green, chelonia mydas, and loggerhead, caretta caretta, sea turtles. turtles were from natural populations that nest on a coral island on the great barrier reef. after nesting, each turtle was transferred to a holding tank and held for a maximum of 8 days. a time series of blood samples was obtained from each of five sea turtles (three c. mydas and two c. caretta) starting imme ...19921624099
global population structure and natural history of the green turtle (chelonia mydas) in terms of matriarchal phylogeny.to address aspects of the evolution and natural history of green turtles, we assayed mitochondrial (mt) dna genotypes from 226 specimens representing 15 major rookeries around the world. phylogenetic analyses of these data revealed (1) a comparatively low level of mtdna variability and a slow mtdna evolutionary rate (relative to estimates for many other vertebrates); (2) a fundamental phylogenetic split distinguishing all green turtles in the atlantic-mediterranean from those in the indian-pacif ...199228564410
chemosensory orientation behavior in juvenile sea turtles.it has been widely believed for several decades that hatchling sea turtles imprint to chemical cues characteristic of their natal beach and use this information as part of a repertoire of mechanisms enabling their return to the same beach for mating and nesting. this has proven very difficult to test. although the imprinting theory is conceptually simple, functionally it is quite complex. this involves not only chemical imprinting of nestlings but growth and migration to habitats where the adult ...19938477344
pcr-based assays of mendelian polymorphisms from anonymous single-copy nuclear dna: techniques and applications for population genetics.this paper outlines a pcr-based approach for population genetics that offers several advantages over conventional southern blotting methods for revealing restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms (rflps) in nuclear dna. primers are constructed from clones isolated from a nuclear dna library, and these primers subsequently are employed in in vitro syntheses of homologous regions. amplified products are then screened directly for rflps by using gel-staining procedures. population applications for ...19938098128
epizootic mortality of free-living green turtles, chelonia mydas, due to coccidiosis.at least 70 wild green sea turtles, chelonia mydas, died in the moreton bay area of southeast queensland, australia over 6 wk in spring 1991. based on the necropsy of 24 turtles, there was a severe enteritis or encephalitis associated with caryospora cheloniae, a coccidial pathogen previously recorded only in farm-reared ch. mydas hatchlings. infection was characterized by the presence of coccidia in extra-intestinal lesions. oocysts were observed to sporulate, after which sporozoites escaped in ...19938355356
a molecular phylogeny for marine turtles: trait mapping, rate assessment, and conservation relevance.nucleotide sequences from the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial dna were employed to resolve phylogenetic controversies and to assess molecular evolutionary rates in marine turtles (chelonioidea). findings of special relevance to conservation biology include discovery of a distant relationship between natator and other cheloniid species, the paraphyly of chelonia mydas with respect to chelonia agassizi, and genetic distinctiveness of lepidochelys kempi from lepidochelys olivacea. a longstanding ...19938516304
oxygen transport in marine green turtle (chelonia mydas) hatchlings: blood viscosity and control of hemoglobin oxygen-affinityerythrocytes from green turtle hatchlings contain a single embryonic component, unlike those from other cleidoic eggs, in which adult hemoglobin (hb) constitutes a significant fraction of total hb at hatching. the functional properties of the isolated and purified green turtle hatchling hb that distinguish it from adult hb are a high affinity for oxygen and marked sensitivity to organic phosphate modulators. hatchling erythrocytes also contain higher concentrations of atp and 2,3-diphosphoglycer ...19949317427
mitochondrial dna control region polymorphisms: genetic markers for ecological studies of marine turtles.we describe a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of population-specific genetic markers in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) and the use of such markers to analyse population structure of marine turtles. a series of oligonucleotide primers specific for the amplification of the mtdna control region in cheloniid turtles were designed from preliminary sequence data. using two of these primers, a 384-385-bp sequence was amplified from the 5' portion of the mtdna control region of 15 green turtles ...19947921361
ocular fibropapillomas of green turtles (chelonia mydas).histologic evaluation of four eyes from three stranded juvenile green turtles (chelonia mydas) from florida, usa revealed ocular fibropapillomas composed of an overlying hyperplastic epithelium, various amounts of a thickened, well vascularized, collagenous stroma, and a moderate-to-dense population of reactive fibroblasts. the histologic morphology of the ocular fibropapillomas varied depending on whether the eyelid, conjunctiva, limbus, or cornea was the primary site of tumor origin. fibropapi ...19948053128
global phylogeography of the loggerhead turtle (caretta caretta) as indicated by mitochondrial dna haplotypes.restriction-site analyses of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) from the loggerhead sea turtle (caretta caretta) reveal substantial phylogeographic structure among major nesting populations in the atlantic, indian, and pacific oceans and the mediterranean sea. based on 176 samples from eight nesting populations, most breeding colonies were distinguished from other assayed nesting locations by diagnostic and often fixed restriction-site differences, indicating a strong propensity for natal homing by nesti ...199428565168
evaluation of hawaiian green turtles (chelonia mydas) for potential pathogens associated with fibropapillomas.thirty-two juvenile green turtles (chelonia mydas) were captured alive in kaneohe bay, island of oahu, hawaii, during september 1991. ten of the turtles sampled were afflicted with green turtle fibropapillomatosis (gtfp) in varying degrees of severity. virus isolation attempts were negative in all individuals. using nasopharyngeal and cloacal swabs, we isolated 28 gram negative bacteria, five gram positive cocci, bacillus spp., and diphtheroids. the most common isolates included pseudomonas fluo ...19948151829
molecular evolution and population genetics of greater caribbean green turtles (chelonia mydas) as inferred from mitochondrial dna control region sequences.the molecular evolution and population genetics of migratory green turtles (chelonia mydas) in the greater caribbean were examined with mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region i sequences. a total of 488 base positions (bp) per individual were aligned for 44 individuals from four nesting populations in florida, costa rica, aves island (venezuela), and surinam. twelve sequence polymorphisms were detected, representing ten transitions, one transversion, and one 10-bp repeat. sequence analyses of ...19947729697
chlamydiosis in mariculture-reared green sea turtles (chelonia mydas).from august 1990 to june 1991, a moderate die-off of 4- to 5-year-old green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) occurred at cayman turtle farm, grand cayman, british west indies. clinical signs included lethargy, anorexia, and inability to dive. many of the ill turtles floated on the surface of their tanks. there was no apparent sex predilection. complete necropsies, including histopathologic examination of tissues, were performed on eight turtles. necropsies revealed multiple irregular discrete to pat ...19948140712
detection by elisa of circulating anti-blood fluke (carettacola, hapalotrema, and learedius) immunoglobulins in hawaiian green turtles (chelonia mydas).an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described utilizing the surface glycocalyx crude antigen of adult blood trematodes learedius learedi, hapalotrema dorsopora, and carettacola hawaiiensis, for the detection of circulating antibodies (ab) in hawaiian green turtles (chelonia mydas) naturally infected with the parasites and with or without green turtle fibropapillomatosis (gtfp). a concentration of 10.0 micrograms/ml of antigen was optimal in terms of test specificity and sensitivity. ...19957776127
hybridization among the ancient mariners: characterization of marine turtle hybrids with molecular genetic assays.reports of hybridization between marine turtle species (family cheloniidae) have been difficult to authenticate based solely on morphological evidence. here we employ molecular genetic assays to document the sporadic, natural occurrence of viable interspecific hybrids between species representing four of the five genera of cheloniid sea turtles. using multiple dna markers from single-copy nuclear loci, eight suspected hybrids (based on morphology) were confirmed to be the products of matings inv ...19957657993
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