| effects of a benthivorous and a drift-feeding fish on a benthic stream assemblage. | i assessed the impact of both drift-feeding (salmo trutta, brown trout) and benthic-feeding (cottus gobio, bullhead) fish on a benthic assemblage during a 1-month-long field experiment. i used enclosures containing cobble/gravel substrata with 6-mm mesh net that allowed invertebrates to drift freely in and out of enclosures. four treatments, arranged in a factorial design, were tested: a predator-free control, bullheads only (2.67 bullheads/m(2), two per enclosure), brown trout only (2.67 brown ... | 1998 | 28308075 |
| short-term experimental acidification of a welsh stream: toxicity of different forms of aluminium at low ph to fish and invertebrates. | a 24-hr dosing experiment was carried out in a soft-water stream in upland wales during which four separate zones were created by the simultaneous addition of sulphuric acid, aluminium sulphate, and citric acid. an upstream control zone (a), an acid zone ph 4.9 (b), an aluminium and acid (total filterable aluminium 0.27 mg/l, ph 4.9) zone (c) and a downstream zone (d) of aluminium complexed with citrate at low ph (total filterable aluminium 0.23 mg/l, ph 4.9). test species exposed in all zones w ... | 2013 | 2923492 |
| abundance of cottus poecilopus is influenced by o2 saturation, food density and salmo trutta in three tributaries of the rožnovská bečva river, czech republic. | the distribution patterns of alpine bullhead cottus poecilopus in three tributary streams of the rožnovská bečva river (danube basin) were studied with respect to temperature, oxygen concentration and saturation, shading, current, conductivity, total organic carbon (toc), nitrates and phosphates, biochemical oxygen demand (bod5 ), ph, redox potential, bottom grain structure, density of macroinvertebrates and the abundance of brown trout salmo trutta. sites with lower abundance per hectare of c. ... | 2014 | 25557540 |
| ecological aspects of nematode parasites of introduced salmonids from valdivia river basin, chile. | between 1986 and 1987, 666 fishes distributed among the following species introduced in chile, and from different sectors of the valdivia river basin (39 degrees 30'-40 degrees 00's, 73 degrees 30'-71 degrees 45'w), were examined: 348 salmo trutta, 242 salmo gairdneri, 24 cyprinus carpio and 52 gambusia affinis holbrooki. the presence of camallanus corderoi and contracaecum sp. in s. gairdneri and of c. corderoi in s. trutta is recorded in chile for the first time. cyprinus carpio and g. a. holb ... | 2006 | 1842391 |
| comparative anatomy of the intestine of cyprinus carpio linnaeus 1758 and salmo trutta linnaeus 1758. | the anatomy of carp and trout was compared by means of anatomical dissection and frozen cross-sections. this enabled exact topographical localization and hence also the determination of differences in the position of individual intestinal segments. the elaboration of a suitable nomenclature was considered to be an important working measure for the facilitation of interspecific comparison. | 1990 | 2341080 |
| [the relative duration of similar periods in the early embryogenesis of teleosts]. | the absolute (in min.) and relative (in the number of tau0) duration of the periods of cleavage, epiboly and that between the onset of gastrulation and the stage of 10 pairs of somites were determined in cyprinus carpio l., misgurnus fossils l., esox lucius l. and coregonus peled gmel. at different constant temperatures. the stability of the dimensionless characteristics for the duration of each of these periods in the species in question within the limits of optimum temperatures was shown. a co ... | 1974 | 4469609 |
| biological plausibility as a tool to associate analytical data for micropollutants and effect potentials in wastewater, surface water, and sediments with effects in fishes. | discharge of substances like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and chelating agents in surface waters has increased over the last decades due to the rising numbers of chemicals used by humans and because many wwtps do not eliminate these substances entirely. the study, results of which are presented here, focused on associations of (1) concentrations of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents, surface waters, sediments, and tissues of fishes; (2) results of la ... | 2015 | 25260601 |
| estrogenic effect of the phytoestrogen biochanin a in zebrafish, danio rerio, and brown trout, salmo trutta. | isoflavones with estrogenic activity produced in fabaceae plants are known to leach from agricultural areas to freshwater systems, but the effect of waterborne isoflavones in fish has not been thoroughly characterized. therefore, the estrogenic effect of waterborne biochanin a was investigated in zebrafish (danio rerio) and juvenile brown trout (salmo trutta). exposure of juvenile brown trout to 10 μg biochanin al(-1) or higher caused marked vitellogenin induction after 9-10 days of exposure and ... | 2013 | 24129051 |
| trace metals in tissues of the six most common fish species in the black sea, turkey. | concentrations of mn, fe, co, ni, as, se, cd, ag and pb in scale, skin, muscle, gills, liver and the gonads of gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), european seabass (dicentrarchus labrax), black sea salmon (salmo trutta labrax), horse mackerel (trachurus trachurus), red mullet (mullus barbatus) and whiting (merlangius merlangius euxinus) from the black sea, in turkey, were investigated. elemental analyses were performed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after sample preparation by ... | 2015 | 25082436 |
| s-100 protein is a selective marker for sensory hair cells of the lateral line system in teleosts. | the distribution of s100 protein in the neuromast of the lateral line system (lls) was investigated immunohistochemically in alevins of three species of teleosts (salmo trutta, salmo salar and dicentrarchus labrax), using a polyclonal antibody. in both the neuromasts of the canals, as well as in the pit organs, the hair cells, regarded as the specific sensory cells, displayed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for s100 protein. conversely, the supporting cells, mantle cells and basal cells were devoid ... | 2002 | 12165395 |
| trophic flexibility and opportunism in pike esox lucius. | the first comprehensive investigation of pike esox lucius trophic ecology in a region (ireland) where they have long been thought to be a non-native species is presented. diet was investigated across habitat types (lake, river and canal) through the combined methods of stable-isotope and stomach content analyses. variations in niche size, specialization and the timing of the ontogenetic dietary switch were examined, revealing pronounced opportunism and feeding plasticity in e. lucius, along with ... | 2015 | 26351044 |
| temperature dependence of predation depends on the relative performance of predators and prey. | the temperature dependence of predation rates is a key issue for understanding and predicting the responses of ecosystems to climate change. using a simple mechanistic model, we demonstrate that differences in the relative performances of predator and prey can cause strong threshold effects in the temperature dependence of attack rates. empirical data on the attack rate of northern pike (esox lucius) feeding on brown trout (salmo trutta) confirm this result. attack rates fell sharply below a thr ... | 2015 | 25473013 |
| fish introductions reveal the temperature dependence of species interactions. | a major area of current research is to understand how climate change will impact species interactions and ultimately biodiversity. a variety of environmental conditions are rapidly changing owing to climate warming, and these conditions often affect both the strength and outcome of species interactions. we used fish distributions and replicated fish introductions to investigate environmental conditions influencing the coexistence of two fishes in swedish lakes: brown trout (salmo trutta) and pik ... | 2014 | 24307673 |
| future distribution of arctic char salvelinus alpinus in sweden under climate change: effects of temperature, lake size and species interactions. | novel communities will be formed as species with a variety of dispersal abilities and environmental tolerances respond individually to climate change. thus, models projecting future species distributions must account for species interactions and differential dispersal abilities. we developed a species distribution model for arctic char salvelinus alpinus, a freshwater fish that is sensitive both to warm temperatures and to species interactions. a logistic regression model using lake area, mean a ... | 2012 | 22864703 |
| factors affecting trace-metal bioaccumulation in finnish headwater lakes. | fourteen unpolluted finnish headwater lakes with ph values varying from 4.8 to 7.0 were studied for trace-metal concentrations in water, sediment, aquatic plants (nuphar luteum l., sparganium sp.), aquatic insect larvae (limnophilus sp., phryganea sp.) and fish (esox lucius l., perca fluviatilis l., coregonus sp., salvelinus fontinalis l., salmo trutta l.). trace-metal deposition was estimated by analysing the snowpack. non-parametric correlation analysis was carried out between trace metal conc ... | 1992 | 15091932 |
| migrating zooids allow the dispersal of fredericella sultana (bryozoa) to escape from unfavourable conditions and further spreading of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. | fredericella sultana (bryozoa: phylactolaemata) is a primary host in the two-host life cycle of the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the etiological agent of proliferative kidney disease (pkd) in salmonids. overtly infected f. sultana colonies were collected from river kamp (lower austria), following the first pkd outbreak affecting autochthonous brown trout (salmo trutta) in austria. zooids cultured under unfavourable conditions, e.g. hypertrophication or sudden temperature chan ... | 2016 | 27546864 |
| first proliferative kidney disease outbreak in austria, linking to the aetiology of black trout syndrome threatening autochthonous trout populations. | proliferative kidney disease (pkd) was diagnosed in juvenile autochthonous brown trout salmo trutta for the first time in austria during summer 2014. cytology showed tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae sporoblasts, and histology revealed sporogonic (coelozoic) and extrasporogonic (histozoic) stages. analysis of malacosporean ribosomal small subunit revealed that this strain is closely related to european isolates, although its source is unknown. infection and high pathogenicity were reproduced upon a ... | 2016 | 27137070 |
| differential modulation of host genes in the kidney of brown trout salmo trutta during sporogenesis of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa). | tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa) is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in various species of salmonids in europe and north america. in europe, spores of t. bryosalmonae develop in the kidney of infected brown trout salmo trutta and are released via urine to infect the freshwater bryozoan fredericella sultana. the transcriptomes of kidneys of infected and non-infected brown trout were compared by suppressive subtractive hybridization. differential screening and a subsequen ... | 2014 | 25297457 |
| persistence of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa) in chronically infected brown trout salmo trutta. | proliferative kidney disease (pkd) is a widespread disease of farmed and wild salmonid populations in europe and north america, caused by the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. limited studies have been performed on the epidemiological role in spread of the disease played by fish that survive infection with t. bryosalmonae. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the persistence of t. bryosalmonae developmental stages in chronically infected brown trout salmo trutta up to 2 yr ... | 2014 | 25144116 |
| fate of tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa) after infection of brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa) is the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonids. we assessed differences in intensity of t. bryosalmonae infection between brown trout salmo trutta and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from the clinical phase of infection onwards. specific pathogen-free fish were exposed to t. bryosalmonae spores under controlled laboratory conditions and sampled at 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 17 wk post exposure (wpe), and the transmission of t. bryosalmona ... | 2013 | 24270019 |
| establishment of medium for laboratory cultivation and maintenance of fredericella sultana for in vivo experiments with tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae (myxozoa). | the freshwater bryozoan fredericella sultana (blumenbach) is the most common invertebrate host of the myxozoan parasite tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish. culture media play an important role in hatching of statoblasts and maintaining clean bryozoan colonies for malacosporea research. we developed a novel culture medium, bryozoan medium c (bmc), for the cultivation and maintenance of f. sultana under laboratory conditions. statobl ... | 2013 | 23121384 |
| the distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactive neurons and nerve fibres in the brain of gambusia affinis and salmo trutta. | the study was carried out on the distribution of neurons and fibres which contain the corticotropin releasing factor-like (crf) immunoreactivity in the encephalon of two species of teleosts, gambusia affinis and salmo trutta. the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) immunocytochemical technique was employed. the present study has shown differences between both species. in gambusia affinis, positive neurons were observed in the area ventralis telencephali pars lateralis (vlt), in the nucleus praeoptic ... | 1994 | 8075480 |
| surface feeding and aggressive behaviour of diploid and triploid brown trout salmo trutta during allopatric pair-wise matchings. | diploid and triploid brown trout salmo trutta were acclimated for 6 weeks on two feeding regimes (floating and sinking). thereafter, aggression and surface feeding response were compared between pairs of all diploid, all triploid and diploid and triploid s. trutta in an experimental stream. in each pair-wise matching, fish of similar size were placed in allopatry and rank was determined by the total number of aggressive interactions recorded. dominant individuals initiated more aggression than s ... | 2014 | 25082262 |
| miniature circulatory systems: a new exposure system for ecotoxicological effect assessments in riverine organisms. | long-term effect assessments in ecotoxicological investigations are important, yet there is a lack of suitable exposure systems for these experiments that can be used for riverine species. a cost-efficient miniature circulatory system was developed that was evaluated for its applicability in long-term exposures in 2 stream-dwelling species: brown trout (salmo trutta) and an amphipod (gammarus roeseli). in an egg-to-fry exposure of s. trutta, the toxicity of 2 reverse osmosis concentrates was inv ... | 2016 | 27082061 |
| community structure affects trophic ontogeny in a predatory fish. | while most studies have focused on the timing and nature of ontogenetic niche shifts, information is scarce about the effects of community structure on trophic ontogeny of top predators. we investigated how community structure affects ontogenetic niche shifts (i.e., relationships between body length, trophic position, and individual dietary specialization) of a predatory fish, brown trout (salmo trutta). we used stable isotope and stomach content analyses to test how functional characteristics o ... | 2017 | 28070298 |
| effects of fish species composition on diphyllobothrium spp. infections in brown trout - is three-spined stickleback a key species? | subarctic populations of brown trout (salmo trutta) are often heavily infected with cestodes of the genus diphyllobothrium, assumedly because of their piscivorous behaviour. this study explores possible associations between availability of fish prey and diphyllobothrium spp. infections in lacustrine trout populations. trout in (i) allopatry (group t); (ii) sympatry with arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus) (group tc); and (iii) sympatry with charr and three-spined stickleback (gasterosteus aculeatu ... | 2016 | 27111407 |
| inappropriate analysis does not reveal the ecological causes of evolution of stickleback armour: a critique of spence et al. 2013. | in a recent paper in this journal, spence et al. (2013) sought to identify the ecological causes of morphological evolution in three-spined sticklebacks gasterosteus aculeatus, by examining phenotypic and environmental variation between populations on the island of north uist, scotland. however, by using simple qualitative assessments of phenotype and inappropriate measures of environmental variation, spence et al. have come to a conclusion that is diametrically opposite to that which we have ar ... | 2014 | 25478143 |
| the evolutionary ecology of dwarfism in three-spined sticklebacks. | 1. body size is a defining phenotypic trait, but the ecological causes of its evolution are poorly understood. most studies have considered only a single putative causal agent and have failed to recognise that different environmental agents are often correlated. 2. darwin suggested that although trait variation across populations is often associated with abiotic variation, evolution is more likely to be driven by biotic factors correlated with the abiotic variation. this hypothesis has received ... | 2013 | 23237226 |
| epitheliocystis distribution and characterization in brown trout (salmo trutta) from the headwaters of two major european rivers, the rhine and rhone. | we present a first description of the distribution and characterization of epitheliocystis infections in brown trout (salmo trutta) from the upper catchments of two major european rivers, the rhine and the rhone. overall, epitheliocystis was widely distributed, with 70% of the rhine and 67% of the rhone sites harboring epitheliocystis positive brown trout. the epitheliocystis agents candidatus piscichlamydia salmonis and candidatus clavichlamydia salmonicola could be identified in both catchment ... | 2016 | 27148070 |
| chryseobacterium aahli sp. nov., isolated from lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) and brown trout (salmo trutta), and emended descriptions of chryseobacterium ginsenosidimutans and chryseobacterium gregarium. | two strains (t68t and t62) of a gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterium containing flexirubin-type pigments were recovered from the kidney of a cultured lake trout (salvelinus namaycush) and necrotic fins of a brown trout (salmo trutta) during disease surveillance in 2009. both isolates possessed catalase and cytochrome oxidase activities and degraded multiple substrates (e.g. gelatin, casein, elastin and tweens 20 and 80). the mean dna g+c content of strain t68t was 34.1 mol%. 16s rr ... | 2014 | 24480907 |
| potential interactions between diadromous fishes of u.k. conservation importance and the electromagnetic fields and subsea noise from marine renewable energy developments. | the considerable extent of construction and operation of marine renewable energy developments (mred) within u.k. and adjacent waters will lead, among other things, to the emission of electromagnetic fields (emf) and subsea sounds into the marine environment. migratory fishes that respond to natural environmental cues, such as the earth's geomagnetic field or underwater sounds, move through the same waters that the mred occupy, thereby raising the question of whether there are any effects of mred ... | 2012 | 22803729 |
| genetic structure and diversity of animal populations exposed to metal pollution. | studying the genetic diversity of wild populations that are affected by pollution provides a basis for estimating the risks of environmental contamination to both wildlife, and indirectly to humans. such research strives to produce both a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which genetic diversity is affected,and the long-term effects of the pollutants involved.in this review, we summarize key aspects of the field of genetic ecotoxicology that encompasses using genetic patterns ... | 2014 | 24158580 |