| a cryptic clonal line of the loach misgurnus anguillicaudatus (teleostei: cobitidae) evidenced by induced gynogenesis, interspecific hybridization, microsatellite genotyping and multilocus dna fingerprinting. | in memanbetsu town, hokkaido island, japan, a high frequency of natural triploid loaches misgurnus anguillicaudatus (7.4% on average) was detected by flow cytometry for relative dna content. among sympatric diploid females (n=6) from a single population, we found two unique females that laid unreduced diploid eggs. they gave normal diploid progeny even after induction of gynogenesis with genetically inert uv-irradiated sperm. when fertilized with normal loach sperm, some unreduced eggs developed ... | 2002 | 12130809 |
| screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage and heartbeat beginning stage in embryogenesis of gynogenetic silver crucian carp. | a systemic study was initiated to identify stage-specific expression genes in fish embryogenesis by using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) technique. in this study, we presented a preliminary result on screen for stage-specific expression genes between tail bud stage (tbs) and heartbeat beginning stage (hbs) in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). two ssh plasmid libraries specific for tbs embryos and hbs embryos were constructed, and stage-specific expression ... | 2002 | 12118939 |
| hypothalamic inferior lobe and lateral torus connections in a percomorph teleost, the red cichlid (hemichromis lifalili). | the neuroanatomic connections of the inferior lobe and the lateral torus of the percomorph hemichromis lifalili were investigated by 1,1', dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindo-carbocyanine perchlorate (dii) tracing. the inferior lobe and the lateral torus both receive afferents from the secondary gustatory nucleus. additional afferents reach the inferior lobe from the nucleus glomerulosus, nucleus suprachiasmaticus, dorsal and central posterior thalamic nucleus, nucleus lateralis valvulae, magn ... | 2002 | 12115692 |
| high transmittance of x-rays in the utricular otolith of upside-down swimming catfish, synodontis nigriventris. | the upside-down swimming catfish (synodontis nigriventris) has unique behavior, i.e., it frequently shows a stable upside-down posture during swimming and resting. to examine whether the unique postural control in s. nigriventris results from the characteristics of the vestibular organ, we observed the morphological aspects of the otolith and the orientation of sensory hair cells in the utricle. soft x-ray densitometry analysis showed that the transmittance of soft x-rays in the otolith of s. ni ... | 2002 | 12101349 |
| toxicity of chloroanilines and effects on superoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (carassius auratus). | | 2002 | 12068927 |
| 3d structure of fish muscle myosin filaments. | myosin filaments isolated from goldfish (carassius auratus) muscle under relaxing conditions and viewed in negative stain by electron microscopy have been subjected to 3d helical reconstruction to provide details of the myosin head arrangement in relaxed muscle. previous x-ray diffraction studies of fish muscle (plaice) myosin filaments have suggested that the heads project a long way from the filament surface rather than lying down flat and that heads in a single myosin molecule tend to interac ... | 2009 | 12064942 |
| [studies of f1 of transgenic allotetraploid hybrids of carassius auratus red var. (female) x cyprinus carpio (male)]. | the tetraploid fish has been developed by assortative breeding the hybrids of carassius auratus red var. (female) x cyprinus carpio (male), which has the stable genetic characters and can reproduce themselves. an "all-fish" recombinant dna construct (pcagcghc) containing common carp beta-actin gene promoter and cdna for grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella) growth hormone gene was introduced into fertilized eggs of the allotetroploid fish through microinjection as soon as artificial insemination ... | 2002 | 12043572 |
| [comparative studies on gene expression of isozymes in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp during embryogenesis]. | isozyme zymograms of esterase (est), lactate dehydrogenase (ldh), malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and superoxide dismutase (sod) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. haploid embryos of crucian carp (carassius auratus) and common carp (cyprinus carp ... | 1998 | 12016959 |
| nitric oxide donor stimulated increase of cyclic gmp in the goldfish retina. | nitric oxide (no) activates soluble guanylyl cyclase (sgc) and the resulting increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp) is an important intracellular signalling pathway in the vertebrate retina. immunocytochemical detection of cgmp following exposure to no donors has proven an effective method of identifying cells that express sgc. while such an approach has proven useful for the study of several vertebrate retinas, it has not been applied to the well-characterized teleost retina. therefo ... | 2013 | 12020075 |
| neural representations of the axis of acoustic particle motion in nucleus centralis of the torus semicircularis of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | experiments examined differential coding of acoustic particle motion axis in the auditory midbrain of goldfish. animals were exposed to vibratory stimuli varying in axis orientation as action potentials were recorded from single units in the central neuropil of nucleus centralis in the torus semicircularis. response magnitudes as a function of stimulation axis were visualized in three dimensional plots called directional response profiles. these are generally comparable to directional responses ... | 2002 | 12012101 |
| brainstem lateral line responses to sinusoidal wave stimuli in still and running water. | the fish lateral line consists of superficial and canal neuromasts. in still water, afferent fibers from both types of neuromast respond equally well to a sinusoidally vibrating sphere. in running water, responses to a vibrating sphere of fibers innervating superficial neuromasts are masked. in contrast, responses of fibers innervating canal neuromasts are barely altered. it is not known whether this functional subdivision of the peripheral lateral line is maintained in the brain. we studied the ... | 2002 | 11976358 |
| [effect of lighting oscillations on growth and energetics of the goldfish carassius auratus]. | periodic oscillations of illumination exert a positive, rather than negative, effect on goldfish growth and energetics. in a variable light regime, the fishes grow of a higher rate, have decreased oxygen and food requirements, improve the utilization of consumed food for growth, and decrease the oxygen expenditure per increment of unit body mass. the goldfish reactions to the frequency of illumination oscillation and the succession of the stationary light regime by the oscillatory regime were de ... | 2016 | 11963548 |
| somatic lamins in germinal vesicles of goldfish (carassius auratus) vitellogenic oocytes. | in fish and amphibians, b-type lamins are divided into somatic (b1, b2) and oocyte-type (b3) lamins. in this study, we purified nuclear lamins from rainbow trout erythrocytes, raised an anti-lamin monoclonal antibody (l-200) that recognizes goldfish somatic-lamins, and isolated cdnas encoding goldfish b-type lamins (b1 and b2) from a goldfish cell culture cdna library. goldfish b-type lamins are structurally similar to lamins found in other vertebrates with minor amino acid substitutions in the ... | 2001 | 11942628 |
| new nephron development in goldfish (carassius auratus) kidneys following repeated gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicosis. | renal development in mammalian kidneys can only be studied in embryonic animals. hence, research in this area is hampered by the need to maintain pregnant animals and by the small size of the embryonic kidney. here, we describe a goldfish (carassius auratus) model for studying renal repair and nephron development in an adult animal. previous studies have indicated that chemically induced nephrotoxicosis in goldfish is followed by new nephron development. we tested the hypothesis that new nephron ... | 2001 | 11926303 |
| identification of two distinct e-ntpdases in liver of goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | we have recently reported the existence of atpase activity capable of hydrolyzing extracellular atp and localized at the external cell membrane of goldfish hepatocytes [am. j. physiol. (1998) 274 r1031]. in the present study, we investigated whether one or more enzymes of the atp diphosphohydrolase family (called e-ntpdases) are responsible for the hydrolysis of extracellular atp and other nucleotides. using soluble extracts from goldfish liver, enzyme activity was detected in the presence of at ... | 2002 | 11923085 |
| responses of diencephalic neurons to sensory stimulation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | we studied the responses to sensory stimulation in two diencephalic areas, the central posterior nucleus of the dorsal thalamus (cp) and the anterior tuberal nucleus of the hypothalamus (ta). in both the cp and the ta, units sensitive to acoustic (500-hz sound), hydrodynamic (25-hz dipole stimulus), and visual (640-nm light flash) stimuli were found. in the cp, most units were unimodal and responded exclusively to visual stimulation. in contrast, in the ta, most units responded to more than one ... | 2006 | 11923001 |
| effects of dopaminergic drugs and telencephalic ablation on eye movements in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the effect of the dopamine agonist apomorphine and the antagonist haloperidol on eye movements was tested in normal and telencephalon ablated goldfish. reflex eye movements evoked by a rotating striped cylinder were not affected, which suggests that basic sensory and motor functions were not influenced by neither dopaminergic drugs nor the telencephalon. however, profound changes were observed in spontaneous eye movements. particularly, the effect of apomorphine was similar to changes in eye mov ... | 2003 | 11922996 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding polypeptide chain elongation factor 1alpha from goldfish (carassius auratus). | the goldfish homologue of polypeptide chain elongation factor-1alpha (ef-1alpha) isolated from the ovary of the goldfish is described. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to ef-1alpha from other species. analysis of its tissue distribution revealed a single 1.7 kilobase message ubiquitous among various tissues. | 2001 | 11913790 |
| the effect of water temperature on the gabaergic and reproductive systems in female and male goldfish (carassius auratus). | this study investigated the effect of water temperature on the synthesis of the amino acid neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba). in goldfish, gaba stimulates the release of pituitary gonadotropin-ii (gth-ii), which regulates gonadal function. fish were maintained in water of 11, 18, or 24 degrees. in the female and male goldfish, gaba synthesis rates estimated following inhibition of gaba catabolism by gamma-vinyl gaba (gvg) in both the telencephalon (tel) and the hypothalamus (hyp) w ... | 2002 | 11884062 |
| modulation of goldfish testicular testosterone production in vitro by tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and macrophage conditioned media. | the relevance of immune-endocrine interactions to the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis in teleosts is virtually unexplored. the objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the effects of murine cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha) and interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), and trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophage conditioned media (mcm) on testosterone (t) production by goldfish (carassius auratus) testis pieces in vitro; and 2) to identify the site(s) of the inhibitory ... | 2002 | 11857482 |
| effects of chemical anoxia on adrenergic responses of goldfish hepatocytes and the contribution of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. | adrenergic responses during normoxia and chemical anoxia were investigated in anoxia-tolerant hepatocytes from the goldfish, carassius auratus. epinephrine-stimulated glucose release was unaltered after 1 hr of chemical anoxia, the concentration of epinephrine required for half maximal stimulation of glucose release (k0.5(glu)) ranging from 0.62 x 10(-8) to 2.05 x 10(-8) m. similarly, the maximum rate of glucose release caused by hormonal stimulation was not affected by chemical anoxia. in anoxi ... | 2002 | 11857481 |
| differential tissue distribution, developmental programming, estrogen regulation and promoter characteristics of cyp19 genes in teleost fish. | teleost fish are characterized by exceptionally high levels of brain estrogen biosynthesis when compared to the brains of other vertebrates or to the ovaries of the same fish. goldfish (carassius auratus) and zebrafish (danio rerio) have utility as complementary models for understanding the molecular basis and functional significance of exaggerated neural estrogen biosynthesis. multiple cytochrome p450 aromatase (p450arom) cdnas that derive from separate gene loci (cyp19a and cyp19b) are differe ... | 2001 | 11850237 |
| a direct projection from the cerebellum to the telencephalon in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | recent studies showed that the cerebellum is involved in cognitive functions previously thought to be located in the telencephalon only. various indirect connections between telencephalon and cerebellum are long known and may be the basis for the interaction of these two brain areas. by means of biotinylated dextran amine injections into the telencephalon and cerebellum in the goldfish, carassius auratus, we found a direct projection from the valvula cerebelli to the telencephalon. together with ... | 2002 | 11849758 |
| cell proliferation during blastema formation in the regenerating teleost fin. | epimorphic regeneration in teleost fins occurs through the establishment of a balanced growth state in which a blastema gives rise to all the mesenchymal cells, whereas definite areas of the epidermis proliferate leading to its extension, thus, allowing the enlargement of the whole structure. this type of regeneration involves specific mechanisms that temporally and spatially regulate cell proliferation. to understand how the blastema is formed and how this growth situation is set up, we investi ... | 2002 | 11836790 |
| metabolic activity in optic tectum during regeneration of retina in adult goldfish. | retinal and visual function returns following retinal destruction by ouabain in adult goldfish (carassius auratus). although the precise cellular mechanisms are unclear, the ability to regenerate cns neurons and connections that subsequently sustain visual behavior is remarkable, especially for an adult vertebrate. in this paper, we ask whether visual stimulation via new retinal cells can activate existing cells in the optic tectum, which normally receives the largest retinal projection in this ... | 2013 | 11829305 |
| regulation of intracellular ph in anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant teleost hepatocytes. | mechanisms of intracellular ph (phi) regulation were investigated in anoxia-tolerant hepatocytes from goldfish carassius auratus, and compared to the situation in the anoxia-intolerant hepatocytes from trout oncorhynchus mykiss. under normoxic conditions, the phi of goldfish hepatocytes was regulated by a na(+)/h(+) exchanger and a na(+)-independent cl(-)/hco(3)(-) exchanger, the latter being activated only after acidification of the cells. mechanisms of acid secretion appear to be fuelled, at l ... | 2001 | 11807112 |
| biochemical and behavioral effects of carbofuran in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the effects of concentration (5, 50, and 500 microg/l) and duration (24, 48 h) of exposure to carbofuran, a carbamate insecticide, were assessed on brain catecholamine (norepinephrine [ne] and dopamine), plasma glucose, and hepatic glycogen contents and behavioral activities of goldfish (carassius auratus). after 24 h of exposure to 50 and 500 microg/l, the level of ne was increased in the olfactory bulbs. the same effect was observed after a 48-h exposure to 500 and 50 microg/l in the telenceph ... | 2002 | 11804052 |
| [uptake of particulate lead via gills of goldfish]. | this paper studied the uptake of pb absorbed on suspended gibbsite via gills of goldfish (carassius auratus). under conditions of the concentration of the particulate pb varied while that of free pb maintained at a constant level, the levels of both pb and al in the gills increased with increasing exposed pb concentration. the increasing rate (slope 0.171) of pb level in the blood with the pb level in the gills was lower than that (slope 0.343) of soluble pb exposure experiment. partial pb adher ... | 2000 | 11767615 |
| identification of visual pallial telencephalon in the goldfish, carassius auratus: a combined cytochrome oxidase and electrophysiological study. | a strategy based upon a comparative decrease in bilateral symmetry of cytochrome oxidase (cox) histochemistry following unilateral eye enucleation was used to identify the primary visual area in the area dorsalis of the telencephalon of the goldfish, carassius auratus. the lateral zone of area dorsalis (dl) at about the level of the anterior commissure exhibits such a bilateral difference. a parallel decline in the symmetry cox reactivity was observed in the associated part of the central zone ( ... | 2001 | 11689165 |
| analysis of the effects of cpa and l-histidine on goldfish tested on a conditioned place preference model. | the aim of this study was to investigate whether the histamine h(1)- receptor blocker chlorpheniramine (cpa) and the histaminergic precursor l-histidine have reinforcing effects in goldfish (carassius auratus). we used a place-preference procedure in a four-compartment aquarium in which, on the first day, the animals were placed for 30 min for habituation. on the second day, the time spent in each chamber was recorded for 10 min in order to determine which was preferred. after 24 h a non-transpa ... | 2001 | 11640969 |
| induction of gynogenesis and androgenesis in goldfish carassius auratus (var. oranda). | chromosome engineering was used to develop lines that expressed the stable phenotypic characteristics of goldfish, carassius auratus (var. oranda). to obtain androgenetic individuals, carp eggs were irradiated and fertilized with sperm from goldfish bearing telescopic eyes. the fertilized eggs were divided into four groups and three of them were subjected to heat-shock treatment at 42 degrees c for 2.0 min at 34, 37 and 40 min after fertilization. all groups exhibited low viability of embryos an ... | 2001 | 11555368 |
| genetic diversity among different clones of the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, revealed by transferrin and isozyme markers. | genetic diversity among four clones (a, d, e, f) of gynogenetic silver crucian carp was studied using transferrin and isozymes in the blood as markers. of the five proteins investigated, three (transferrin, esterase and superoxide dismutase) indicated polymorphism and eight polymorphic loci were detected. these loci were probably encoded by codominant alleles and their inheritance patterns were analyzed. intraclonal homogeneity and interclonal heterogeneity were observed in these clones, which a ... | 2001 | 11530857 |
| behavioral and olfactory responses to prochloraz, bentazone, and nicosulfuron-contaminated flows in goldfish. | the immediate behavioral responses of goldfish (carassius auratus) to pesticide-contaminated flows were recorded in a countercurrent olfactometer. in addition, electro-olfactograms were recorded from the epithelial surface of the olfactory rosette as a preliminary check for the olfactory sensitivity of the fish to the pesticides tested. all tests were run on prochloraz (imidazole fungicide), bentazone (diazine herbicide), and nicosulfuron (sulfonylurea herbicide). behavioral effects were assesse ... | 2001 | 11462143 |
| sex differences in the brain of goldfish: gonadotropin-releasing hormone and vasotocinergic neurons. | the differences between male and female behaviors are reflected in sexual dimorphism of brain structures and are found throughout the nervous system in a variety of vertebrates. the present study examined neurons immunolabeled for gonadotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasotocin in the brain of the goldfish carassius auratus to determine if these neurons are sexually dimorphic. there was no sex difference or influence of sex steroids on the neuronal volume and optical density of staining of ... | 2001 | 11457593 |
| differential gene expression in fully-grown oocytes between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carps. | silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio) is a unique triploid bisexual species that can reproduce by gynogenesis. as all other gynogenetic animals, it keeps its chromosome integrity by inhibiting the first meiosis division (no extrusion of the first pole body). to understand the molecular events governing this reproduction mode, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in fully-grown oocytes of the gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian ... | 2001 | 11410372 |
| the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone and gonadotropin subunit gene expression in the pituitary of goldfish, carassius auratus. | the goldfish brain contains at least two forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh): sgnrh and cgnrh-ii. in goldfish sgnrh and cgnrh-ii are present both in the brain and pituitary, and exert direct effects via specific gnrh receptors stimulating growth hormone (gh) and gonadotropin hormone (gth) synthesis and secretion. in this study, we investigated the effects of sgnrh and cgnrh-ii on gth subunit (alpha, fsh-beta and lh-beta) and gh mrna levels in the goldfish pituitary in vivo and in vitr ... | 2001 | 11399486 |
| regulation of gonadotropin beta subunit gene expression by testosterone and gonadotropin-releasing hormones in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | sex steroids differentially regulate gonadotropin (gth) beta subunits (fshbeta and lhbeta) gene expression in the pituitary of goldfish: a strong in vivo inhibitory effect on fshbeta mrna production, but a weak stimulatory effect on lhbeta in sexually immature and recrudescent fish. in the present study, to examine a direct effect of testosterone (t) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) on the mrna levels of fshbeta and lhbeta subunits in the pituitary, in vitro experiments were performed u ... | 2001 | 11399476 |
| the maternal origins of the triploid ginbuna (carassius auratus langsdorfi): phylogenetic relationships within the c. auratus taxa by partial mitochondrial d-loop sequencing. | the hyper-variable segments (323-327 bp) of the mitochondrial d-loop for 169 carassius auratus fishes in japan were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and the amplified products were sequenced directly and compared. a dendrogram showing three major clusters was generated with the sequence data for 37 haplotypes at 66 polymorphic sites. one cluster (cluster i) exclusively consisted of the gengorobuna, which was regarded as an independent (sub) species. the triploid ginbuna belonged to two ... | 2001 | 11376548 |
| ionochromic properties of long-wave-sensitive cones in the goldfish retina: an electrophysiological and microspectrophotometric study. | long-wave-sensitive (lws) cone visual pigments are sensitive to the concentration of chloride ions and show a spectral shift to shorter wavelengths when exposed to low chloride levels. we have used the aspartate-isolated mass receptor potential of the electroretinogram (erg) to establish whether the spectrally shifted cone pigment is functional. in the goldfish, carassius auratus, the lambda(max) of the lws porphyropsin is displaced from about 622 nm to around 606 nm when chloride is replaced by ... | 2001 | 11369039 |
| food intake inhibition by melatonin in goldfish (carassius auratus). | feeding regulation by monoamines, neuropeptides and certain hormones has been studied in fish, but a possible role of melatonin is unknown. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin on food intake in goldfish. fishes were housed in 12l:12d and injected with different doses of either melatonin or 2-iodomelatonin. two routes of administration, intracerebroventricular and intraperitoneal injections, and two times of the daily photocycle, midday and midnight, were ... | 2001 | 11336993 |
| forskolin modulation of desensitization at gaba(a) and glycine receptors is not mediated by camp-dependent protein kinase in isolated carp amacrine-like cells. | the effects of forskolin on gamma-aminobutyric acid type-a (gaba(a)) and glycine receptors in amacrine-like cells of carp (carassius auratus) retina were studied using patch-clamp techniques. application of 50 microm forskolin markedly accelerated the desensitization of whole-cell responses induced by 100 microm gaba or glycine without changing the peak amplitude of the response. both 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-br-camp) and 3-isobutyl-1 -methylxanthine (ibmx) (500 microm) fai ... | 2001 | 11316256 |
| differential screening and characterization analysis of the egg envelope glycoprotein zp3 cdnas between gynogenetic and gonochoristic crucian carp. | gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is an intriguing model system. in the present work, a systemic study has been initiated by introducing suppression subtractive hybridization technique into this model system to identify the differentially expressed genes in oocytes between gynogenetic silver crucian carp and its closely related gonochoristic color crucian carp. five differential cdna fragments were identified from the preliminary screening, and two of them are zp3 homol ... | 2001 | 11305321 |
| behavioral discrimination of water motions caused by moving objects. | we tested whether goldfish, carassius auratus, discriminate hydrodynamic stimuli caused by moving objects. blindfolded goldfish responded to a passing object with changes in inter-gill-movement intervals. to learn whether goldfish can discriminate water motions caused by different moving objects we habituated them to a certain object stimulus. if the stimulus was altered, e.g., by altering speed, direction of motion, or size or shape of the object, fish again showed a temporary suspension of bre ... | 2014 | 11288823 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome b gene of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus and comparison of sequence homology among channel catfish and other fishes. | to clarify the phylogenic relationship of channel catfish with other fishes, the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of the catfish was cloned and sequenced. channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) belonging to the family ictaluridae in the order siluriformes showed a 78.4-87.4% similarity to all but one fish of the family cyprinidae and river loach crossostoma lacustre of the family balitoridae in the order cypriniformes in which genes had already been sequenced, and a 97.2% similarity to the goldfish (car ... | 2001 | 11258463 |
| atp-sensitive k+ channels in cardiac muscle from cold-acclimated goldfish: characterization and altered response to atp. | atp-sensitive potassium channels (k(atp)) play an important, if incompletely defined, role in myocardial function in mammals. with the discovery that k(atp) channels are also present at high densities in the hearts of vertebrate ectotherms, speculation arises as to their function during periods of cold-acclimation and depressed atp synthesis. we used single-channel and intracellular recording techniques to examine the possibility that channel activity would be altered in cardiac muscle from gold ... | 1998 | 11253812 |
| slow inhibitory potentials in the teleost mauthner cell. | in vivo recordings from mauthner cells in adult zebrafish (danio rerio) and goldfish (carassius auratus) preparations with potassium chloride filled electrodes revealed a new class of long-lasting synaptic events in these cells. their decay time constant ranged from 20 to 80ms, which is about 20 times longer than that of previously identified fast glycinergic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in this neuron. the average time to peak of these slow events ranged from 1 to 6ms. we demonstrated tha ... | 2001 | 11246169 |
| microcalorimetric study of the toxic effect of sodium selenite on the mitochondria metabolism of carassius auratus liver. | the fundamental thermogenesis curves of the metabolic process of liver mitochondria from carassius auratus and the toxic effect of na2seo3 on it were studied by using an lkb-2277 bioactivity monitor, ampoule method, at 28 degrees c. from the thermogenesis curves, the thermokinetic equations were established under different conditions. the kinetics show that a low concentration of na2seo3 (1-4 mg/l) had promoting action on the metabolism process of carassius aurantus liver mitochondria, but that ... | 2000 | 11204468 |
| [a historical review and some comments on the nuclear transplantation in fish]. | in this review article, a brief history and main results of the studies on the nuclear transplantation (cloning) in fish was introduced. late professor t. c. tung (tong di-zhou), a noted chinese experimental embryologist and his research group at the institute of zoology, the chinese academy of sciences (cas) in beijing, china initiated and established successful technology of nuclear transplantation in fish in 1963. during the past 36 years, most of the studies on fish cloning were performed ma ... | 2000 | 11191753 |
| metabolic responses to epinephrine stimulation in goldfish hepatocytes: evidence for the presence of alpha-adrenoceptors. | the effect of epinephrine on various aspects of cellular metabolism was studied in hepatocytes from the goldfish carassius auratus. epinephrine increased cytosolic free calcium ([ca2+](i)) from a baseline value of 108 +/- 22 nm to a peak value of 577 +/- 127 nm in suspensions of hepatocytes. responses of single cells ranged from a single spike (66% of hepatocytes) to variable oscillatory patterns (34%). the increase in [ca(2+)](i) was independent of the presence of extracellular ca2+ and was pre ... | 2001 | 11178886 |
| kainate-activated cobalt uptake in the primary gustatory nucleus in goldfish: visualization of the morphology and distribution of cells expressing ampa/kainate receptors in the vagal lobe. | gustatory afferent fibers of the vagus nerve that innervate taste buds of the oropharynx of the goldfish, carassius auratus, project to the vagal lobe, which is a laminated gustatory nucleus in the dorsal medulla. as in the mammalian gustatory system, responses by second-order cells in the goldfish medulla are mediated by n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) and non-nmda ionotropic glutamate receptors. we utilized a cobalt uptake technique to label vagal lobe neurons that possess cobalt-permeable ionotro ... | 2001 | 11169990 |
| uptake of cadmium adsorbed on particulates by gills of goldfish (carassius auratus). | goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to mixtures of constant dissolved cadmium (0.01 mg/l) and cadmium adsorbed on gibbsite particles at concentrations of 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, and 0.100 mg/l. the gills of the fish were excised after a 5-day exposure experiment and both cadmium and aluminum in the gills were measured. the gills were also examined with a light microscope for surface adherence of the particles after the exposure. the evidence collected demonstrated that the concentration of ... | 2000 | 11139185 |
| effects of cart peptides on food consumption, feeding and associated behaviors in the goldfish, carassius auratus: actions on neuropeptide y- and orexin a-induced feeding. | cart (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) peptides are novel brain neuropeptides that have been shown to have a role in the control of feeding behavior in mammals. the effects of intracereboventricular (i.c.v.) administration of two cart fragments, cart (62-76) and cart (55-102) on feeding and behavioral activity of goldfish (carassius auratus) were examined. both cart peptide fragments inhibited food intake in goldfish. co-injection of cart peptide and neuropeptide y (npy) reduced th ... | 2000 | 11134597 |
| apoptosis and ovarian function: novel perspectives from the teleosts. | apoptosis is a fundamental mechanism in follicular atresia and postovulatory regression in mammals, but its role in teleost ovarian function is currently unknown. this study tested the hypotheses that apoptosis mediates follicular atresia in teleosts and is inducible in vitro by incubation in serum-free conditions. vitellogenic follicles from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and goldfish (carassius auratus) were incubated overnight in serum-free medium and examined for apoptosis by 3'-end-lab ... | 2001 | 11133683 |
| oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in goldfish carassius auratus during anoxia and reoxygenation. | the purpose of this work was to evaluate the response of the antioxidant system of goldfish carassius auratus during anoxia and reoxygenation. the exposure of goldfish to 8 h of anoxia induced a 14% decrease in total glutathione levels in the kidney, although the liver, brain, and muscle were unaffected. anoxia also resulted in increases in the activities of liver catalase, brain glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and brain glutathione peroxidase (by 38, 26, and 79%, respectively) and a decrease ... | 2001 | 11124139 |
| goldfish carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) occur in the russian area of the black sea. | | 2016 | 11103328 |
| genetic evidence for gonochoristic reproduction in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) as revealed by rapd assays. | sex evolution has been a debating focus in evolutionary genetics. in lower vertebrates of reptiles, amphibians, and fish, a species or a bioform reproduces either sexually or asexually but never both. a few species were found to consist of all females in fish. these all-female species can propagate by asexual reproduction modes, such as gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. however, the coexistence of sexuality and asexuality in a single species was recently noted only in a cyprinid fish silver crucia ... | 2000 | 11080373 |
| s100-like protein in the goldfish (carassius auratus) kidney. an immunohistochemical study. | the presence and distribution of s100-like protein in the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) kidney has been studied by the use of immunohistochemical and histochemical methods. simple immunohistochemistry (peroxidase anti-peroxidase method) was carried out with a polyclonal antibody against a mixture of both s100alpha and s100beta proteins. in order to confirm the cell-type containing s-100-like immunoreactivity, the colocalization of s-100-like protein immunoreactivity with periodic acid-schiff ( ... | 2000 | 11079723 |
| directional encoding by fish auditory systems. | this paper reviews and discusses several investigations of the peripheral neural code for the directional axis of acoustical particle motion in the saccule of two fishes: goldfish (carassius auratus) and toadfish (opsanus tau). most saccular afferents are directional in the manner of hair cells, having a cosine-shaped directional response pattern. the saccular sensory epithelia are orientated almost vertically in a parasagittal plane. in the horizontal plane, these epithelia are orientated obliq ... | 2000 | 11079415 |
| whole-body metabolism of the organophosphorus pesticide, fenthion, in goldfish, carassius auratus. | the in vivo metabolism of fenthion, an organophosphorus pesticide, and its sulfoxide (fenthion sulfoxide) was examined in goldfish (carassius auratus). when goldfish were administered fenthion i.p. at a dose of 100 mg/kg, two metabolites were isolated from the tank water. they were identified as fenthion sulfoxide and fenthion oxon, in which > p = s of fenthion is transformed to > p = o, by comparing their mass and uv spectra, and their behavior in hplc and tlc, with those of authentic standards ... | 2000 | 11048676 |
| effects of carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron on acetylcholinesterase activity in goldfish (carassius auratus). | juvenile goldfish (carassius auratus) were exposed to three widely used pesticides; carbofuran, diuron, and nicosulfuron. acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity and molecular forms of ache were first characterized in brain and skeletal muscle of unexposed fish. skeletal muscle had higher ache activity than brain (306 and 215 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). in brain, four molecular forms of ache were found: a12, g4, g2, and g1. in the muscle, three molecular forms were found a12, a8, and g2. ac ... | 2000 | 11023689 |
| inhibitory effects of morphine on some inflammation-related parameters in the goldfish carassius auratus l. | acute peritonitis induced in the goldfish by intraperitoneal injection of a sterile thioglycollate solution shows a typical pattern with intraperitoneal exudation of serum proteins followed by influx of leucocytes (mainly heterophils/macrophages) correlated with elevated levels of chemotactic factors in peritoneal fluid and blood plasma. supplementation of thioglycollate with morphine (20 mg kg(-1) b.w.) does not affect the leakage of serum proteins into peritoneum. in contrast, it reduces the n ... | 2000 | 11016587 |
| endocrine disruption by hexachlorobenzene in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio). | | 2000 | 11014838 |
| a mathematical analysis of the peripheral auditory system mechanics in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | the dynamic response of the goldfish peripheral auditory system has been analyzed using lumped-parameter mechanical and fluid system models for the swimbladder, weberian apparatus, and saccule. the swimbladder is treated as a two degree-of-freedom mechanical system consisting of two coupled mass-spring-damper arrangements. the swimbladder is coupled to the weberian ossicles using a phenomenological analysis of the anterior swimbladder tunica externa which permits both stretching and sliding. ana ... | 2000 | 11008831 |
| molecular cloning of cdna encoding a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1) from goldfish (carassius auratus) and expression analysis of the cloned gene. | destruction of cyclin b is required to the mitotic and meiotic cycles. a cyclin-specific ubiquitinating system, including ubiquitin-activating enzyme (e1), is thought to be responsible for cyclin b destruction. here we present the cloning, sequencing and expression analysis of goldfish, carassius auratus, e1 from goldfish ovary. the cloned cdna is 4069 bp long and encodes 1059 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence is highly homologous to e1 from other species. recombinant goldfish e1 coul ... | 2000 | 11004499 |
| the homologue of mannose-binding lectin in the carp family cyprinidae is expressed at high level in spleen, and the deduced primary structure predicts affinity for galactose. | mannose-binding lectin (mbl) participates in the innate immune system as an activator of the complement system and as an opsonin after binding to certain carbohydrate structures on microorganisms. we isolated and characterized cdna transcripts encoding an mbl homologue from three members of the carp family cyprinidae, the zebrafish danio rerio, the goldfish carassius auratus, and the carp cyprinus carpio. the carp and zebrafish transcripts contain two polyadenylation sites and rt-pcr on mrna fro ... | 2000 | 11003389 |
| differential innervation of the goldfish tonic red muscles and twitch white muscles by neuropeptide-immunoreactive motoneurons. | neuropeptides in the motor nerves innervating the red and white muscles of the goldfish carassius auratus were examined. in the tonic red muscles, varicose nerve endings immunoreactive for both calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance p were found spread over the surface of the muscle fibers, but in the twitch white muscles only scattered nerve endings immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide were found. at the electron microscopic observation, dense electron products immunoreacti ... | 2000 | 10974495 |
| dissociation of place and cue learning by telencephalic ablation in goldfish. | this study examined the spatial strategies used by goldfish (carassius auratus) to find a goal in a 4-arm maze and the involvement of the telencephalon in this spatial learning. intact and telencephalon-ablated goldfish were trained to find food in an arm placed in a constant room location and signaled by a local visual cue (mixed place-cue procedure). both groups learned the task, but they used different learning strategies. telencephalon-ablated goldfish learned the task more quickly and made ... | 2000 | 10959527 |
| genotoxicity evaluation of heat shock in gold fish (carassius auratus). | genotoxicity evaluation of heat shock was carried out in carassius auratus. the genotoxicity end points studied were nuclear anomalies (micronucleus assay), chromosomal aberrations, dna damage (comet assay) and cell proliferation. the heat shock temperatures used were 34 degrees c, 36 degrees c and 38 degrees c. the results demonstrated that heat shock causes the induction of micronucleus at all the three temperature studied. heat shock also inhibited cell proliferation at 38 degrees c and cause ... | 2000 | 10946237 |
| generation and functional analysis of distinct macrophage sub-populations from goldfish (carassius auratus l.) kidney leukocyte cultures. | three distinct sub-populations of macrophages derived from goldfish kidney leukocyte cultures were generated and characterised. the sub-populations designated as r1, r2 and r3-type macrophages had distinct morphological, cytochemical and flow cytometric profiles, and also differed in their anti-microbial functions after activation with macrophage activation factors (maf) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps). the r1-type macrophages were small cells that contained acid phosphatase, but lacked m ... | 2000 | 10938719 |
| action of adenosine on energetics, protein synthesis and k(+) homeostasis in teleost hepatocytes. | in a comparative study, we analysed the effects of adenosine on the energetics, protein synthesis and k(+ )homeostasis of hepatocytes from the anoxia-tolerant goldfish carassius auratus and the anoxia-intolerant trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the rate of oxygen consumption did not respond immediately to the addition of adenosine to the cells from either species, but showed a significant decrease in trout hepatocytes after 30 min. the anaerobic rate of lactate formation was not significantly affected ... | 2000 | 10934006 |
| uptake of weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics from water by semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) and by goldfish (carassius auratus). | semipermeable membrane devices (spmds) filled with triolein, and goldfish (carassius auratus) were simultaneously exposed to nine weakly hydrophobic nitroaromatics in a laboratory continuous-flow experiment. the results showed that the device concentrated the compounds in most cases to a larger extent than fish and that the overall uptake rate constants (kmu) and average pollutant sampling rates (r(s)) were similar. we conclude that the spmds may be used to determine the levels of weakly hydroph ... | 1999 | 10903091 |
| variability in the role of the gasbladder in fish audition. | the teleost gasbladder is believed to aid in fish audition by transferring pressure components of incoming sound to the inner ears. this idea is primarily based on both anatomical observations of the mechanical connection between the gasbladder and the ear, followed by physiological experiments by various researchers. the gasbladder movement has been modeled mathematically as a pulsating bubble. this study is extending the previous work on fish with a physical coupling of the gasbladder and ear ... | 2000 | 10879947 |
| immunocytochemical localization of the glutamate transporter glt-1 in goldfish (carassius auratus) retina. | glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the retina of vertebrates. electrophysiological experiments in goldfish and salamander have shown that neuronal glutamate transporters play an important role in the clearance of glutamate from cone synaptic clefts. in this study, the localization of the glutamate transporter glt-1 has been investigated immunocytochemically at the light and electron microscopical levels in the goldfish retina using a glt-1-specific antibody. glt immunoreactivi ... | 2000 | 10870084 |
| pheromone discrimination ability of olfactory bulb mitral and ruffed cells in the goldfish (carassius auratus). | significant anatomical differences characterizing mitral cells and ruffed cells were published by kosaka and hama in three teleost species. physiological responses from both types of relay neurons have now been recorded extracellularly and simultaneously in the plexiform layer using a single tungsten microelectrode. during interstimulus intervals mitral cells responded with higher, frequently burst-like impulse rates triggered by the activity of epithelial receptor neurons. ruffed cell impulse r ... | 2000 | 10866992 |
| [the variability of the reaction to a visual stimulus in goldfish, carassius auratus l. (cyprinidae: pisces)]. | animal's responses to repeated identical stimulation are notoriously variable. the variability is not always resulted from differences between individuals, stimulus action, or habituation. goldfish's responses to a visual stimulus were studied in order to reveal the nature of variability. the experimental device consisted of a white circular corridor, and the black band stimulus drown across the corridor. fish responded to the stimulation by an increase in frequency of turns in the vicinity of t ... | 2006 | 10863367 |
| evidence that nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of growth hormone secretion in goldfish. | whether nitric oxide (no) plays a role in regulation of growth hormone (gh) secretion from somatotropes in the pituitary of the goldfish carassius auratus was investigated. immunocytochemistry with two antibodies against mammalian no synthase (nos) revealed the presence of a nos-like enzyme in primary cultures of dispersed goldfish pituitary cells, including morphologically identified somatotropes. no donors s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine and sodium nitroprusside (snp), as well as a cyclic guan ... | 2000 | 10843797 |
| fish uptake of inorganic and mucus complexes of lead. | carassius auratus were exposed to lead in synthetic water. mucus secreted from the fish was measured and characterized for its lead binding capacity. the increase in mucus concentration in the water depended on secretion and degradation rates and the former was speeded up by lead. the complexation between mucus and lead can be described based on a single-site interaction model. lead speciation in the system with or without mucus was calculated using chemical equilibrium modeling. the dominant sp ... | 2000 | 10831330 |
| extinction risk of a density-dependent population estimated from a time series of population size. | environmental threats, such as habitat size reduction or environmental pollution, may not cause immediate extinction of a population but shorten the expected time to extinction. we develop a method to estimate the mean time to extinction for a density-dependent population with environmental fluctuation. we first derive a formula for a stochastic differential equation model (canonical model) of a population with logistic growth with environmental and demographic stochasticities. we then study an ... | 2000 | 10816359 |
| comparing risk factors for population extinction. | extinction risk of natural populations of animals and plants is enhanced by many different processes, including habitat size reduction and toxic chemical exposure. we develop a method to evaluate different risk factors in terms of the decrease in the mean extinction time. we choose a population model with logistic growth, environmental and demographic stochasticities with three parameters (intrinsic growth rate r, carrying capacity k, and environmental noise sigma(2)(e)). the reduction in the ha ... | 2000 | 10816358 |
| molecular cloning and expression studies of a prolactin receptor in goldfish (carassius auratus). | a full-length cdna clone, of a size of 4.6 kb, for the goldfish prolactin receptor has been isolated. this cdna clone encodes a protein of 600 amino acids homologous to prolactin receptors of other species. a kyte-doolittle hydropathy analysis of the receptor indicates that the translated protein consists of a signal peptide of 22 amino acids, an extracellular domain of 228 amino acids, a single transmembrane domain of 24 amino acids, and an intracellular domain of 346 amino acids. several chara ... | 2000 | 10794515 |
| cdna cloning and expression of a novel estrogen receptor beta-subtype in goldfish (carassius auratus). | we have isolated a second goldfish estrogen receptor (er) beta-subtype (gfer-beta2) cdna which is distinct from the liver-derived er-beta (gfer-beta1) cdna reported previously. the 2650-bp cdna, isolated from a goldfish pituitary and brain cdna library, encodes a 610 amino acid (aa) protein which shows only a 53% aa sequence identity with gfer-beta1 in overall structure. rt-pcr analysis showed that mrna of gfer-beta2, in contrast to that of gfer-beta1, was predominantly expressed in pituitary, t ... | 2000 | 10786629 |
| analysis of genetic heterogeneity among five gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio bloch, based on detection of rapd molecular markers. | the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is a unique model system for studying evolutionary genetics and selective breeding, owing to its specific genetic background and reproductive modes. five gynogenetic clones were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique, using 30 10-nucleotide-long primers. twenty-six primers produced well-amplified dna fragments with reproducible banding patterns, and 24 primers were polymorphic. nearly identical banding pat ... | 2000 | 10773687 |
| structure and function in the saccule of the goldfish (carassius auratus): a model of diversity in the non-amniote ear. | the vertebrate inner ear is comprised of a remarkable diversity of cell types, including several types of sensory hair cells. in amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals), the morphological and physiological characteristics that distinguish these cell types have been well documented, while cellular variation in the ears of non-amniotes (all other vertebrate groups) has remained underrecognized. since non-amniotes have become increasingly popular models for developmental and genetic research, a mor ... | 2000 | 10771179 |
| antibody responses of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) to dna-immunisation at different temperatures and feeding levels. | dna vaccines which work in winter are needed for fish. at 18 weeks after intramuscular injection of a plasmid containing lacz goldfish at 15 degrees c had five-fold more antibody to betagalactosidase than those at 25 degrees c or those at </=9 degrees c. expression persisted for 1 week at 25 degrees c and for 4 weeks at 15 degrees c. expression was highest after 18 weeks at </=9 degrees c and was correlated to antibody titre in this group. goldfish on low or high rations (0.33 or 3% body weight ... | 2000 | 10738088 |
| depletion of head kidney neutrophils and cells with basophilic granules during peritoneal inflammation in the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the head kidney morphology of the goldfish with the experimental peritoneal inflammation (on day 2 after i.p. injection with sterile 3% thioglycollate) is compared with that in the control fish (i.e. on day 2 after i.p. injection with a strile physiological saline pbs) with special emphasis on identification of granulocytes on semithin and consecutive ultrathin sections. the most striking feature of head kidneys of goldfish in the course of peritoneal inflammation is a severe depletion of mature ... | 1999 | 10723936 |
| dendritic arbors on the saccule and lagena in the ear of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the ear of the goldfish (carassius auratus) contains three otolithic endorgans: the saccule, lagena, and utricle. the saccule has an auditory function in most teleost fishes for whom data are available, and there is evidence that the lagena is also an auditory endorgan in the goldfish. this study was conducted to compare the innervation of the saccule and the lagena to one another and to previously published data from goldfish and other species. we placed cobaltous-lysine in saccular and lagenar ... | 2000 | 10713510 |
| effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol on thermoregulation in goldfish, carassius auratus. | effects of hypoxia, anoxia, and endogenous ethanol (etoh) on selected temperature (t(sel)) and activity in goldfish were evaluated. blood and brain etoh concentrations ([etoh]) and brain oxygen partial pressure (po(2)) were quantified at crucial ambient oxygen pressures. below a threshold value near 31 torr, t(sel) decreased as a function of environmental po(2). t(sel) of 15 degrees c-acclimated fish was approximately 10 degrees c at the onset of anoxia and changed little over 2 h. activity show ... | 2000 | 10712271 |
| microglial cells in the retina of carassius auratus: effects of optic nerve crush. | to study the morphology and distribution of the retinal microglial cells of the goldfish retina in normal conditions and after optic nerve crush, we have used the nucleoside diphosphatase (ndpase) technique, applied to whole-mounts or sections, for light and electron microscopy. in normal retinas, two populations of ndpase-positive cells were identified: compact cells associated with the retinal vessels on the vitreal surface of the retina and microglial cells in various retinal layers. the micr ... | 2000 | 10701865 |
| novel aspects of the activities and subcellular distribution of enzymes of ketone body metabolism in the liver and kidney of the goldfish, carassius auratus. | the metabolic organization of ketone body metabolism of liver and kidney of the goldfish carassius auratus was assessed by measuring maximal activities, subcellular distribution, and stereoisomer preference of ketone body enzymes. these determinations indicate that the organization of ketone body metabolism in liver and kidney of goldfish differs from that of mammals in some respects. all the enzymes of ketone body metabolism were present in liver and kidney of goldfish, with the exception of hy ... | 2000 | 10684566 |
| oxygen-dependent energetics of anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-intolerant hepatocytes. | the oxygen-dependence of cellular energetics was investigated in hepatocytes from goldfish carassius auratus (anoxia-tolerant) and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (anoxia-intolerant). in goldfish hepatocytes, an approximately 50 % reduction in the rate of oxygen consumption was observed in response to both acute and prolonged hypoxia, the latter treatment shifting the threshold for this reduction to a higher oxygen level. a concomitant increase in the rate of lactate production did not compens ... | 2000 | 10667979 |
| post-trial administration of h1 histamine receptor blocker improves appetitive reversal learning and memory in goldfish, carassius auratus. | based on the hypothesis that neuronal histamine exerts an inhibitory influence on learning and reinforcement, goldfish were tested for post-trial effects of the h1 receptor blocker chlorpheniramine (cpa) on learning the location of a food source in one of two compartments, one black the other white, with a feeder located in each compartment. testing was carried out over 6 days. on the training day a food pellet was placed into the feeder of one of the compartments. after consumption of the food ... | 1999 | 10643884 |
| translational regulation of cyclin b mrna by 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (maturation-inducing hormone) during oocyte maturation in a teleost fish, the goldfish (carassius auratus). | 17alpha,20beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17alpha,20beta-dp) was identified as maturation-inducing hormone (mih) in several teleost fishes. in goldfish (carassius auratus), 17alpha,20beta-dp induces oocyte maturation by stimulating the de novo synthesis of cyclin b, a regulatory subunit of maturation-promoting factor (mpf). in this study, we examined the control mechanisms of 17alpha,20beta-dp-induced de novo synthesis of cyclin b protein in oocytes, which is a prerequisite step for mpf activati ... | 1999 | 10630408 |
| characterization of ampa receptors on isolated amacrine-like cells in carp retina. | in amacrine-like cells freshly dissociated from crucian carp (carassius auratus) retina, we recorded whole-cell responses to rapid application of glutamate and kainate. currents induced by glutamate, but not kainate, usually showed extremely rapid desensitization, and the mean time constant for the decay of the responses to 10 mm glutamate was 2.77 ms. n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) failed to induce any current even with coapplication of glycine and removal of extracellular mg2 +. 1-(4-aminophenyl) ... | 1999 | 10594649 |
| morphometric study of the regeneration of individual rays in teleost tail fins. | the results obtained using morphometric variables which describe fin ray regeneration patterns are reported for individual fin ray amputations in the goldfish (carassius auratus) and zebrafish (brachydanio rerio). classical and updated experiments are compared to verify previous morphogenetic models of cell tractions (oster et al. 1983) or epidermis-mesenchyme induction (saunders et al. 1959) applied to the limb of other vertebrates. position-dependent patterns within the fin of carassius auratu ... | 1999 | 10580854 |
| cytological and biochemical alterations in carassius auratus hepatocytes from exposure to sediment containing dioxins and related compounds. | cytological and biochemical alterations of crucial carp (carassius auratus) hepatocytes were characterized after exposure to sediments from a lake contaminated with dioxins and other industrial chemicals. carp were exposed in 20 l water containing 25, 50, or 100 g of contaminated sediment for 2 and 4 weeks. ultrastructural changes in the liver were characterized by severe enlargement of hepatocytes. alterations in the cell included formation of condensed and irregular cell nucleus, polynuclei, d ... | 1999 | 10473792 |
| uptake of particulate lead via the gills of fish (carassius auratus). | carassius auratus were exposed to mixtures of constant free lead (0. 1 mg/l) and particulate lead (adsorbed on gibbsite particles) at varied concentrations (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/l). the concentrations of lead and aluminum in the gills and intestines of the fish were determined after exposure. the gills were examined (after the exposure) with a light microscope for any particles adhering to the surface. the examination results revealed that lead accumulations on the gills increased w ... | 1999 | 10473791 |
| neuropeptide y has a stimulatory action on feeding behavior in goldfish (carassius auratus). | the purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible role of neuropeptide y (npy) in the feeding regulation in fish. we examined the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal (i.p.) neuropeptide y administration on food intake in satiated goldfish, at different time intervals postinjection (0-2, 2-8 and 0-8 h). food intake was significantly increased by i.c.v. administered neuropeptide y (1 microg) at 2 h postinjection, while no significant differences in food inta ... | 1999 | 10456424 |
| 11-ketotestosterone induces male-type sexual behavior and gonadotropin secretion in gynogenetic crucian carp, carassius auratus langsdorfii. | to determine if a gynogenetic teleost might have a sexually bipotential brain, we tested whether implantation of 11-ketotestosterone (kt) induces male-type sexual behavior and gonadotropin (gth) secretion in adult gynogenetic crucian carp, "ginbuna," carassius auratus langsdorfii. kt-implanted female ginbuna were tested for male spawning behavior by pairing them with a stimulus female in which sexual receptivity and attractivity were induced by prostaglandin f(2alpha) (pg) injection. when kt-imp ... | 1999 | 10417231 |
| ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium in intact, axotomized, and bulbectomized goldfish, carassius auratus. | the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium in intact, axotomized, and bulbectomized goldfish was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. a total of 58 adult goldfish of various survival times were examined to determine whether the different types of surgery--either olfactory nerve transection or bulbectomy--yielded differences in the extent or time course of cellular degeneration and renewal. control animals were also examined in detail to elucidate previous controversial f ... | 2006 | 10383125 |
| multiplicity of glutamic acid decarboxylases (gad) in vertebrates: molecular phylogeny and evidence for a new gad paralog. | the evolution of chordate glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad; ec 4.1.1.15), a key enzyme in the central nervous system synthesizing the neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (gaba) from glutamate, was studied. prior to this study, molecular data of gad had been restricted to mammals, which express two distinct forms, gad65 and gad67. these are the products of separate genes and probably are derived from a common ancestral gad following gene duplication at some point during vertebrate evolution ... | 1999 | 10331265 |