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modulations in androgen and estrogen mediating genes and testicular response in male goldfish exposed to bisphenol a.adverse effects of bisphenol a (bpa) on reproductive physiology were studied in male goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to nominal environmentally relevant concentrations (0.2 and 20 µg/l) for up to 90 d. transcriptions of various reproductive genes were measured in brain, liver, and testis to investigate the bpa modes of action. volume, density, total number, motility, and velocity of sperm were measured to assess testicular function. at 0.2 µg/l, bpa reduced steroidogenetic acute regulatory ...201222714401
a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model for florfenicol in crucian carp and oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation.in this study, an oral physiologically based pharmacokinetics (pbpk) model was developed for florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus). subsequently, oral-to-intramuscular extrapolation was performed and the two models were used to predict florfenicol concentrations in the edible tissues of crucian carp. the oral model gave good predictions in most tissues, except for kidney and liver in which the florfenicol concentrations were underestimated at the later time points. in contrast, using t ...201322712485
thyroid endocrine dysregulation and erythrocyte dna damage associated with pbde exposure in juvenile crucian carp collected from an e-waste dismantling site in zhejiang province, china.in the present study, 40 juvenile crucian carp (carassius auratus) were caught from a river close to an electronic waste (e-waste) site (exposed group) and another located 80 km away from the e-waste site (control group) in zhejiang, china. results indicated that muscle levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (median pbdes, 235.98 ng/g wet wt; range, 7.70-703.31 ng/g wet wt), serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (median tsh, 2.32 µiu/ml; range, 2.05-2.72 µiu/ml) and erythrocyte dna damag ...201222707201
morpho-functional characterization of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.) heart.using morphological and physiological approaches we provided, for the first time, a structural and functional characterization of carassius auratus l. heart. besides to the classical four chambers, i.e. sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, bulbus, we described two distinct structures corresponding to the atrio-ventricular (av) region and the conus arteriosus. the atrium is very large and highly trabeculated; the ventricle shows an outer compacta, vascularized by coronary vessels, and an inner spong ...201222705557
pressure and particle motion detection thresholds in fish: a re-examination of salient auditory cues in teleosts.the auditory evoked potential technique has been used for the past 30 years to evaluate the hearing ability of fish. the resulting audiograms are typically presented in terms of sound pressure (db re. 1 μpa) with the particle motion (db re. 1 m s(-2)) component largely ignored until recently. when audiograms have been presented in terms of particle acceleration, one of two approaches has been used for stimulus characterisation: measuring the pressure gradient between two hydrophones or using acc ...201222693030
responses of acid/alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and catalase activities and lipid peroxidation to mercury exposure during the embryonic development of goldfish carassius auratus.this study assessed the impact of mercury exposure on goldfish (carassius auratus) embryos based on the dynamic characteristics of chemical parameters. day-old embryos were exposed to different hg(2+) concentrations (0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 10 μg/l). subsequently, the embryos were sampled every 24 h during embryonic development to measure acid phosphatase (acp), alkaline phosphatase (akp), lysozyme (lsz), and catalase (cat) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (mda) content. the results revealed tha ...201222683699
toral lateral line units of goldfish, carassius auratus, are sensitive to the position and vibration direction of a vibrating sphere.we recorded the responses of lateral line units in the midbrain torus semicircularis of goldfish, carassius auratus, to a 50-hz vibrating sphere and determined the unit's spatial receptive fields for various distances between fish and sphere and for different directions of sphere vibration. all but one unit responded to the vibrating sphere with an increase in discharge rate. only a proportion (25%) of the units exhibited phase-locked responses. receptive fields were narrow or broad and containe ...201222669431
[effects of compensatory growth on the levels of igf-1, igfbp-1 and expressions of igf-1 mrna, igf-1r mrna in carassius auratus gibelio].we studied the effects of starvation and re-feeding on the levels of plasma igf-1, igfbp-1 and expressions of hepatic igf-1 mrna and muscle igf-1r mrna in carassius auratus gibelio. during the two week starvation period, both the levels of plasma igf-1 and igfbp-1 decreased and were significantly lower on day 14 (p <0.05). on the first day of re-feeding, the level of plasma igf-1 increased sharply, to the level of control group, and had no significant changes for the remaining days. while the le ...201222653858
molecular identification of hybrids of the invasive gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio and crucian carp carassius carassius in swedish waters.both mitochondrial dna sequence and two nuclear microsatellite markers were used to confirm the identity of the first record of carassius auratus gibelio in the western (swedish) baltic sea region. a total of 49 fishes were analysed, where 22 were from three swedish sites connected to the baltic sea. the d-loop mitochondrial dna sequences showed that 16 of 22 swedish fishes were related to c. a. gibelio. the phylogenetic analysis of these sequences showed that these fish are probably not native, ...201222650435
daily patterns of mrna expression of two core circadian regulatory proteins, clock2 and per1, and two appetite-regulating peptides, ox and npy, in goldfish (carassius auratus).the aim of this study was to examine the daily hypothalamic mrna expression profiles for two core circadian regulatory proteins, clock2 and per1, and for two neuropeptides that regulate wakefulness and food intake, ox and npy, in goldfish. the profiles were determined for fish at different nutritional states (i.e. fed or unfed on sampling day) and held at different photoperiods (i.e. 16l:8d photoperiod vs. constant light ll). our results show that under a 16l:8d photoperiod, both fed and unfed g ...201222643337
hepatic antioxidative responses to pcdpss and estimated short-term biotoxicity in freshwater fish.this study evaluated the short-term toxicity of polychlorinated diphenylsulfides (pcdpss) in freshwater fish. laboratory experiments were performed to determine the oxidative stress and antioxidative responses of 12 different types of pcdpss in the liver of goldfish, carassius auratus. fish were injected with increasing concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/kg body weight for various pcdpss and 1, 10, 100 mg/kg for diphenylsulfides (dps)) of test compounds for 12h, with one group assigned as the co ...201222640874
subcellular localization and functional characterization of a fish irf9 from crucian carp carassius auratus.mammalian interferon (ifn) regulatory factor 9 (irf-9) has long been recognized as the dna sequence recognition subunit of ifn-stimulated gene factor 3 (isgf3) complex, which is critical for type i ifn to induce the expression of ifn-stimulated genes (isgs) against viral infection. recent studies have shown that fish ifn exerts antiviral effects by induction of a number of isgs and also of itself; however, little is known about the role of fish irf9 in ifn signaling. here we identify a fish irf9 ...201222626811
transcriptional regulation of temperature-induced remodeling of muscle bioenergetics in goldfish.central to mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis is the transcriptional master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)-γ coactivator-1α (pgc-1α), and a network of dna-binding proteins it coactivates. we explored the role of this pathway in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis in response to thermal acclimation in goldfish (carassius auratus). we investigated the transcriptional response of pgc-1α, pgc-1β, and their antagonist the nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (rip140), as we ...201222621965
characterization of bmp15 and its regulation by human chorionic gonadotropin in the follicle of gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio).bone morphogenetic protein (bmp15) is a member of the transforming growth factor β (tgf-β) superfamily with a key role in regulating follicle development in mammals and birds. however, potential ovarian roles of bmps remain unexplored in teleosts. in this study, the full-length sequences of bmp15 were obtained using rapid-amplification of cdna ends (race). the full-length cdna sequence of bmp15 is 2217 bp which contained 214 bp 5'-utr and 845 bp 3'-utr. the open reading frame (orf) sequence of b ...201222613815
non-canonical residues of the marginally stable monomeric ubiquitin conjugase from goldfish are involved in binding to the c terminus of ring 1b.e2 ubiquitin conjugases are ~20kda enzymes involved in ubiquitination processes in eukaryotes. the e2s are responsible for the transference of ubiquitin (ub) to e3 enzymes, which finally transfer ub to diverse target proteins, labelling them for degradation, localization and regulation. although their functions are relatively well-characterized, their conformational stabilities are poorly known. in this work, we have used, as a model for our biophysical and binding studies, the e2-c from carassi ...201222609416
an evaluation of the combined effects of phenolic endocrine disruptors on vitellogenin induction in goldfish carassius auratus.phenolic compounds are widely distributed in the natural environment, typically existing as a mixture at the nanogram or microgram per liter level. among the phenolic compounds, 4-nonylphenol, 4-t-octylphenol, bisphenol a and 2,4-dichlorophenol attract the most concern due to their abundance and risks within the natural environment. the former three chemicals are known as endocrine disruptors causing feminization in various organisms, whereas the latter one requires further clarification concern ...201222592663
the interactive effects of exercise and gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus).gill remodeling in goldfish (carassius auratus) is accomplished by the appearance or retraction of a mass of cells (termed the interlamellar cell mass or ilcm) between adjacent lamellae. given the presumed effects of gill remodeling on diffusing capacity, the goals of the current study were (1) to determine the consequences of increased aerobic o(2) demand (swimming) on gill remodelling and (2) to assess the consequences of the presence or absence of the ilcm on aerobic swimming capacity. fish a ...201222588580
expression patterns of runx2, sparc, and bgp during scale regeneration in the goldfish carassius auratus.teleost fish scale is a dermal skeleton equipped with a strong regenerative ability. owing to this regenerative ability, teleost fish scale can be used as a model for the regeneration of the dermal skeleton. however, there is insufficient fundamental knowledge of the regeneration, and this limits the usage of fish scale. in this study, as a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism of the cellular differentiation during scale regeneration, we cloned the cdnas for osteoblast-related ...201222544716
subcellular differences in handling cu excess in three freshwater fish species contributes greatly to their differences in sensitivity to cu.since changes in metal distribution among tissues and subcellular fractions can provide insights in metal toxicity and tolerance, we investigated this partitioning of cu in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio). these fish species are known to differ in their sensitivity to cu exposure with gibel carp being the most tolerant and rainbow trout the most sensitive. after an exposure to 50 μg/l (0.79 μm) ...201222542735
isolation of heat-tolerant myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus.myoglobin from asian swamp eel monopterus albus was purified from fish muscle using salt fractionation followed by column chromatography and molecular filtration. the purified mb of 0.68 mg/g wet weight of muscle was determined for its molecular mass by maldi-tof-ms to be 15,525.18 da. using isoelectric focusing technique, the purified mb showed two derivatives with pi of 6.40 and 7.12. six peptide fragments of this protein identified by lc-ms/ms were homologous to mbs of sea raven hemitripterus ...201222538454
tissue specificity in nickel uptake and induction of oxidative stress in kidney and spleen of goldfish carassius auratus, exposed to waterborne nickel.toxic and carcinogenic effects of nickel compounds are suggested to result from nickel-mediated oxidative damage to macromolecules and/or inhibition of cellular antioxidant defenses. we investigated the effects of waterborne ni(2+) (10, 25 and 50 mg/l) on the blood and blood-producing tissues (kidney and spleen) of goldfish to identify relationships between ni accumulation and oxidative stress. whereas the main hematological parameters (total hemoglobin and hematocrit) were unaffected, ni(2+) ex ...201222534063
immunocytochemical characterization of olfactory ensheathing cells in fish.in the olfactory system of vertebrates, neurogenesis occurs throughout life. the regenerating activities of the olfactory receptor neurons are connected to particular glial cells in the olfactory pathway: the olfactory ensheathing cells. a considerable number of studies are available in literature regarding mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells; this is due to their potential role in cell-based therapy for spinal cord injury repair. but very little is known about these cells in non-mammalian ver ...201322527122
po-210 and pb-210 in water and fish from taboshar uranium mining pit lake, tajikistan.polonium-210 in water and (210)pb and (210)po in different fish organs from 3 different fish species in taboshar pit lake (n = 13), located in the uranium mining area in tajikistan, and in kairakkum reservoir (reference lake, n = 3), have been determined as part of a joint project between norway, kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan and tajikistan. the average activity concentration of (210)pb and (210)po in liver, muscle and bone of carassius auratus was higher than the concentration in similar tissues of c. ...201322513216
expression of osteoblastic and osteoclastic genes during spontaneous regeneration and autotransplantation of goldfish scale: a new tool to study intramembranous bone regeneration.complementary dna of osteoblast-specific genes (dlx5, runx2a, runx2b, osterix, rankl, type i collagen, alp, and osteocalcin) was cloned from goldfish (carassius auratus) scale. messenger rna expressions were analyzed during spontaneous scale regeneration. dlx5 had an early peak of expression on day 7, whereas osterix was constantly expressed during days 7-21. runx2, a major osteoblastic transcription factor in mammalian bone, did not show any significant expression. the expressions of two functi ...201222484181
comparative proteomics of copper exposure and toxicity in rainbow trout, common carp and gibel carp.species specific differences in transporters, chaperones, metal binding proteins and other targets are important in metal toxicity. therefore, we have studied the effects of copper exposure on the proteome of gill tissue from oncorhynchus mykiss, cyprinus carpio and carassius auratus gibelio, which have different sensitivities toward copper. fish were exposed to the flemish water quality standard for surface waters, being 50μg/l, for 3 days. sampled gill tissue was subjected to a 2d-dige and an ...201222480594
phox2b expression in the taste centers of fish.the homeodomain transcription factor phox2b controls the formation of the sensory-motor reflex circuits of the viscera in vertebrates. among phox2b-dependent structures characterized in rodents is the nucleus of the solitary tract, the first relay for visceral sensory input, including taste. here we show that phox2b is expressed throughout the primary taste centers of two cyprinid fish, danio rerio and carassius auratus, i.e., in their vagal, glossopharyngeal, and facial lobes, providing the fir ...201222473338
(1)h, (13)c, and (15)n resonance assignments of the second immunoglobulin domain of neurolin from carassius auratus.neurolin is a member of the superfamily of immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptors. it is essential during neuronal development in the model organism carassius auratus (goldfish) and involved in the guidance of the growing axon. among the five extracellular immunoglobulin (ig) domains, the second ig domain is crucial for axon pathfinding. in the present study, we report the nmr assignment and secondary structure prediction of the second ig domain of neurolin.201322446848
combined effects of high environmental ammonia, starvation and exercise on hormonal and ion-regulatory response in goldfish (carassius auratus l.).due to eutrophication, high environmental ammonia (hea) has become a frequent problem in aquatic environments, especially in agricultural or densely populated areas. during certain periods, e.g. winter, feed deprivation may occur simultaneously in natural waters. additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may be enforced to swim at a high speed in order to catch prey, avoid predators and so on. consequently, fish need to cope with all these stressors by altering physiological process ...201222446827
nickel induces hyperglycemia and glycogenolysis and affects the antioxidant system in liver and white muscle of goldfish carassius auratus l.the toxicity of nickel to mammals is well studied, whereas information on nickel effects on fish is scant. goldfish exposure to 10-50 mg l(-1) of waterborne ni(2+) for 96 h showed reduced glycogen levels by 27-33% and 37-40% in liver and white muscle, respectively, accompanied by substantial increases in blood glucose levels (by 15-99%). however, indices of oxidative damage to proteins (carbonyl proteins) and lipids (lipid peroxides) were largely unaffected by nickel exposure. in liver, the acti ...201222444726
goldfish transposase tgf2 presumably from recent horizontal transfer is active.hobo/activator/tam3 (hat) superfamily transposons occur in plants and animals and play a role in genomic evolution. certain hat transposons are active and have been developed as incisive genetic tools. active vertebrate elements are rarely discovered; however, tgf2 transposon was recently discovered in goldfish (carassius auratus). here, we found that the endogenous tgf2 element can transpose in goldfish genome. seven different goldfish mrna transcripts, encoding three lengths of tgf2 transposas ...201222441985
reciprocal inhibiting interactive mechanism between the estrogen receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways in goldfish (carassius auratus) exposed to 17β-estradiol and benzo[a]pyrene.in the aquatic environment, both the estrogen receptor (er) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) responses are established biomarkers for assessing exposure to pollutants. these receptor responses can also be affected by the presence of other classes of pollutants and may result in misinterpretation of existing pollution. in this study, we investigated the interaction between er-vitellogenin (vtg) and ahr-cytochrome p450 1a (cyp1a) signaling pathways in goldfish (carassius auratus) after 10 days ...201222425873
metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and tetrabromobisphenol a by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) are two major flame retardants that accumulate in fish tissues and are potentially toxic. their debrominated and oxidated derivatives were also reported in fish tissues although the sources of theses derivatives were unidentified. our study was to determine whether pbdes and tbbpa could be metabolized by fish liver subcellular fractions in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites were formed. liver microsomes and s9 ...201222417763
branchial and extra-branchial ammonia excretion in goldfish (carassius auratus) following thermally induced gill remodeling.under cold acclimated conditions, goldfish (carassius auratus) express an interlamellar cell mass (ilcm) which limits diffusive ion loss but may also impede branchial ammonia excretion (j(amm)). in the present study, goldfish were subjected to a 2-week 5 or 25 °c acclimation in order to modulate the degree of ilcm gill coverage and determine potential effects on j(amm). 25 °c-fish displayed gill coverage which was significantly lower than the 5 °c-fish, though the ilcm was not completely absent ...201222387290
heavy metal (cd, cr, cu, hg, pb, zn) concentrations in seven fish species in relation to fish size and location along the yangtze river.the objective of this paper is to assess the regulation of the accumulation of heavy metals in the aquatic environment and different fish species.201222382698
temporal precision and reliability in the velocity regime of a hair-cell sensory system: the mechanosensory lateral line of goldfish, carassius auratus.fish and aquatic frogs detect minute water motion by means of a specialized mechanosensory system, the lateral line. ubiquitous in fish, the lateral-line system is characterized by hair-cell based sensory structures across the fish's surface called neuromasts. these neuromasts occur free-standing on the skin as superficial neuromasts (sn) or are recessed into canals as canal neuromasts. sns respond to rapid changes of water velocity in a small layer of fluid around the fish, including the so-cal ...201222378175
ciliate ectoparasites (ciliophora: trichodinidae/chilodonellidae) on gills of carassius auratus from the yangtze river, china, with the description of trichodina luzhoues sp. n.three species of the genus trichodina ehrenberg, 1838 and one species of the genus chilodonella strand, 1926 were collected from gills of carassius auratus. they are trichodina luzhoues sp. n., trichodina mutabilis kazubski and migala, 1968, trichodina reticulata hirschman and partsch, 1955, and chilodonella hexasticha kiernik, 1909. t. luzhoues sp. n. is a medium-sized trichodinid, and its denticles are very distinctive: the blade is narrow rhombus shaped, the section connecting the blade and c ...201222374308
leptins and leptin receptor expression in the goldfish (carassius auratus). regulation by food intake and fasting/overfeeding conditions.leptin is a hormone involved in feeding and body weight regulation in vertebrates, but the relationship between energy status and leptin has not been clearly established in fish. the aim of this study was to investigate in a teleost, the goldfish (carassius auratus), the tissue expression pattern of two leptins (glep-ai and glep-aii) and leptin receptor (glepr); and the effect of feeding on expression of these genes. leptin system expression in goldfish was firstly analyzed in fish under overfee ...201222342497
steroid sensitive kiss2 neurones in the goldfish: evolutionary insights into the duplicate kisspeptin gene-expressing neurones.the kiss1/kiss1/kiss1 gene product kisspeptin is suggested to be involved in the steroid feedback system in vertebrates. in addition to kiss1, kiss2 has been identified in many vertebrates, including some mammals, suggesting that the both genes were originally expressed in the common ancestor of teleosts and tetrapods. moreover, peptides from both genes have been shown to activate the kisspeptin receptors. to investigate the involvement of kiss1 or kiss2 neurones in steroid feedback, we used a s ...201222340198
erythrocyte damage of crucian carp (carassius auratus) caused by microcystin-lr: in vitro study.fish suffer from anemia and hypovolemic hypotensive shock after in vivo exposure with microcystins.however, except for in vivo causes for anemia and hypotension, an in vitro study of fish erythrocytes exposed to mc is necessary. for a better understanding of hematology toxicity of mc, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the toxic effects of microcystin on fish erythrocytes in vitro. crucian carp erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with microcystin-lr (mc-lr) at doses of 0, 1, 1 ...201222286870
morphology and innervation of the teleost physostome swim bladders and their functional evolution in non-teleostean lineages.swim bladders and lungs are homologous structures. phylogenetically ancient actinopterygian fish such as cladistians (polypteriformes), ginglymods (lepisosteids) and lungfish have primitive lungs that have evolved in the paleozoic freshwater earliest gnathostomes as an adaptation to hypoxic stress. here we investigated the structure and the role of autonomic nerves in the physostome swim bladder of the cyprinid goldfish (carassius auratus) and the respiratory bladder of lepisosteids: the longnos ...201222277162
ascending gustatory pathways to the telencephalon in goldfish.ascending pathways to the telencephalon from the secondary gustatory nucleus (sgn), preglomerular tertiary gustatory nucleus (ptgn), and medial preglomerular nucleus (pgm) were examined by tract-tracing experiments in goldfish carassius auratus. tracer injections to the sgn suggest the presence of direct ascending pathways to the supracommissural and the dorsal parts of the ventral telencephalic area, and the medial part of the dorsal telencephalic area (dm), restricted to its ventral region. th ...201222247053
biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in high-back crucian carp exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluents.endocrine disrupting chemicals (edcs) found in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents have been shown to cause adverse effects, but the uptake of edcs from effluents (measured in fish muscle) are not known. in this study, the biological effects and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic edcs were assessed in high-back crucian carp (carassius auratus) exposed to wwtp effluents for 141 days. compared with fish controls caged in dianchi lake, a significant reduction in gonadosomatic index ( ...201222243881
toxicity assessment of simulated urban runoff containing polycyclic musks and cadmium in carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers.the objective of this study was to assess potential toxic effects of simulated urban runoff on carassius auratus using oxidative stress biomarkers. the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod) and catalase (cat), and the content of malondialdehyde (mda) in the liver of c. auratus were analyzed after a 7-, 14- and 21-day exposure to simulated urban runoff containing galaxolide (hhcb) and cadmium (cd). the results showed that the activity of antioxidan ...201222243852
nephrotoxic effects from chronic toxic cyanobacterial blooms in fishes with different trophic levels in a large chinese lake.physiological and biochemical responses in kidneys of fishes with different trophic levels to toxic cyanobacterial blooms were studied. we sampled four fishes: the phytoplanktivorous hypophthalmichthys molitrix and aristichthys nobilis, the omnivorous carassius auratus, and the carnivorous culter ilishaeformis. alterations of the antioxidant (gsh) and the major antioxidant enzymes (cat, sod, gpx, gst) were monitored monthly. catalase and glutathione s-transferase were significantly higher during ...201222240185
the effects of dissolved oxygen levels on the metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in cyprinid fishes with different locomotive and digestive performances.to test whether the effects of water oxygen concentration ([o(2)]) on the metabolic interaction between locomotion and digestion differ between fish species with different locomotive and digestive behaviours in normoxia, we investigated the swimming performance of fasted and fed fish at water [o(2)] of 1, 2 and 8 (normoxia) mg l(-1) (2.5, 5 and 20 kpa) at 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). ...201222234476
pharmacokinetics and tissue residues of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide and its metabolites in crucian carp (carassius auratus) after oral administration.the pharmacokinetics and residues elimination of hydrochloric acid albendazole sulfoxide (abzso) and its metabolites were studied in healthy crucian carp (carassius auratus, 250 ± 30 g) kept at water temperatures of 10 °c and 25 °c. the concentrations of abzso and its metabolites concentration in plasma and tissues were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) using an ultraviolet detector. the results revealed that the plasma concentration of abzso in plasma was significan ...201222227164
the interactive effects of ammonia exposure, nutritional status and exercise on metabolic and physiological responses in gold fish (carassius auratus l.).this study aimed to elucidate the physiological effects of high environmental ammonia (hea) following periods of feeding (2% body weight) and starvation (unfed for 7 days prior to sampling) in gold fish (carassius auratus). both groups of fish were exposed to hea (1 mg/l; flemish water quality guideline) for 0 h (control), 3 h, 12 h, 1 day, 4 days, 10 days, 21 days and 28 days. measurements of weight gain (%), oxygen consumption (mo2), ammonia excretion rate, ammonia quotient (aq), critical swim ...201222204987
clinical and physiologic effects of sodium chloride baths in goldfish (carassius auratus).sodium chloride (salt; nacl) has been used for freshwater fish to decrease stress and manage a variety of disease conditions. recommendations for dose and duration vary greatly. the purpose of this study was to determine the potential adverse clinical and physiologic side effects of different concentrations of saltwater baths on goldfish. eleven goldfish (carassius auratus) were used in a cross-over study to assess the effects of three different salt concentrations (5, 10, and 20 g/l) on plasma ...201122204052
colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor protein expression is a specific marker for goldfish (carassius auratus l.) macrophage progenitors and their differentiated cell types.signaling through the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (csf-1r) mediates the proliferation, differentiation, and activation of macrophages and their progenitors. in this study we report on the use of an anti-goldfish csf-1r antibody to specifically recognize a population of csf-1r positive cells from goldfish tissues. furthermore, using our previously characterized primary kidney macrophage culture system, we show that csf-1r positive cells include monocytes, macrophages, and their progenito ...201222202746
towards the conservation of crucian carp carassius carassius: understanding the extent and causes of decline within part of its native english range.the extent and causes of crucian carp carassius carassius decline were assessed during an initial study of c. 25 ponds in north norfolk, eastern england, u.k., which was then replicated (a validation study) on another c. 25 ponds in an adjacent area. of these ponds, c. 40 are known to have contained c. carassius during the 1970s-1980s. in the initial and validation studies, c. carassius were found in only 11 of these ponds, yielding declines of 76% (five of 21 ponds) and 68% (six of 19 ponds), r ...201122136242
characterization of triacetyl-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in carp and goldfish.a triacetyl form of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (msh) was found in carp (cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (carassius auratus), by selective detection of mass profile for cell secretory granules using direct tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis during the investigation of fish pituitaries. the structure of triacetyl-α-msh in carp and goldfish was further analyzed using a collision-induced dissociation with electrospray ...201222134180
estrogenic effects of water from the yangtze river (nanjing section) on goldfish (carassius auratus) after an early life stage exposure.effects of river water from the yangtze river (nanjing section) on fish development, vitellogenin (vtg) induction, gonado-somatic index (gsi) and sex ratio were investigated by exposing goldfish (carassius auratus) in the early life stage (from fertilization to 28 days post-hatch) to water samples (25%, 50% and 100%) collected from three representative sections. the results showed that there was no significant effect on hatching success for any of the exposure groups, but survival was significan ...201122125912
population-related molecular responses on the effect of pesticides in carassius auratus gibelio.the aim of this study was to evaluate population-related peculiarities of the adaptive responses of carassius auratus gibelio. in order to do this, male specimens from polluted (b) and clean (z) sites were exposed to commercial pesticides thiocarbamate tatoo (9.1 μg·l(-1)and 91 μg·l(-1)) or tetrazine apollo (2 μg·l(-1) and 10 μg·l(-1)) during fourteen days. the control fish from site b was distinguished by weakness of antioxidant defence (measured from superoxide dismutase and catalase activitie ...201222119335
the relationship between nmda receptor function and the high ammonia tolerance of anoxia-tolerant goldfish.acute ammonia toxicity in vertebrates is thought to be characterized by a cascade of deleterious events resembling those associated with anoxic/ischemic injury in the central nervous system. a key event is the over-stimulation of neuronal n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors, which leads to excitotoxic cell death. the similarity between the responses to acute ammonia toxicity and anoxia suggests that anoxia-tolerant animals such as the goldfish (carassius auratus linnaeus) may also be ammonia t ...201122116753
heterogeneous release probabilities and activity-dependent short-term synaptic depression.synaptic transmission is a major mechanism by which neurons communicate with each other. basic steps in neurotransmitter release are similar in all synapses. however, many properties of release vary between synapses and reflect specific structural and functional requirements, endowing synapses with specialized functions. recently, gelman et al.1 described properties of release and short-term depression at specialized nicotinic synapses in the brainstem of goldfish, carassius auratus (linnaeus). ...201122046475
bioaccumulation, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether in crucian carp (carassius auratus).polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) are extensively used as a class of flame retardants and have become ubiquitous environmental pollutants. significant biotransformation of some pbdes via reductive debromination has been observed. however, little is known about the fate of lower brominated bdes in fish. in this study, the tissue distribution, excretion, depuration and biotransformation of 4,4'-dibromodiphenyl ether (bde 15) were investigated in crucian carp (carassius auratus) which were exp ...201222036552
adverse effects of bisphenol a on reproductive physiology in male goldfish at environmentally relevant concentrations.alternations of reproductive physiology were studied in the male goldfish (carassius auratus l.) exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.6, 4.5 and 11.0 μg/l) of bisphenol a (bpa) at days 10, 20 and 30 after exposure. significant effects of bpa concentration, exposure time and their interactions were observed on testosterone (t), 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt) and sperm motility and velocity, but gonadosomatic index (gsi), hepatosomatic index (hsi) and 17β-estradiol (e(2)) were not af ...201222036266
whole-body amino acid composition of adult fancy ranchu goldfish (carassius auratus).aqua feeds should be formulated to provide complete and balanced nutrition to achieve optimal health and growth in fish, including adequate levels of essential amino acids (eaa). there are few or no data relating to the eaa requirements for ornamental fish species, with the majority of quantitative data for these nutrients being available for commercially farmed fish. the determination of eaa requirements is usually established through dose-response studies, which can be costly and time consumin ...201122005403
detection of heat shock proteins 70 in the gill, liver, and cardiac muscle of carassius auratus with confocal microscopy.heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70) are the most extensively studied heat shock proteins for the cellular abundance and cytoprotective effects. hsp70 induction and subsequent quantification has been used as a sensitive system for aquatic toxicity risk assessment. in this study, the confocal microscopy was used to localize hsp70 in carassius auratus (c. auratus) with immunohistochemical technology. there are different zooms to select to analyze the object at the same field of vision with one objective ...201222021177
dietary selenium reduces retention of methyl mercury in freshwater fish.adverse effects from organic mercury transported along aquatic food chains are health issues in humans and other top predators. methyl mercury in organisms at the lower food chain levels is eliminated slowly, and laboratory studies have not clarified the role of selenium in the retention of methyl mercury in fish. here, we investigated the effects of dietary selenium on the retention of organic and inorganic mercury in freshwater fish. addition of selenite to the food augmented elimination of me ...201122014184
assessment of the state of the gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio in the amur river basin: heavy-metal and arsenic concentrations and histopathology of internal organs.this study describes the concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic (as) and the basic histopathological changes in the internal organs of gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio from five sites of the amur river basin. gibel carp from sindinskaya passage had the highest liver concentrations of zinc (zn) (31.95 ± 13.443), copper (cu) (12.52 ± 5.746), manganese (9.22 ± 8.121), and cadmium (0.37 ± 0.660 mg/kg wet weight [ww]) compared with fish captured from the bol'shoi ussuriiskii island area and k ...201222012303
the effects of gill remodeling on transepithelial sodium fluxes and the distribution of presumptive sodium-transporting ionocytes in goldfish (carassius auratus).goldfish, carassius auratus, adaptively remodel their gills in response to changes in ambient oxygen and temperature, altering the functional lamellar surface area to balance the opposing requirements for respiration and osmoregulation. in this study, the effects of thermal- and hypoxia-mediated gill remodeling on branchial na(+) fluxes and the distribution of putative na(+)-transporting ionocytes in goldfish were assessed. when assessed either in vitro (isolated gill arches) or in vivo at a com ...201222006282
feeding behaviors and orxr-β-gaba a r subunit interactions in carassius auratus.orexins are one of the most potent orexigenic factors in fish that through their interaction with the gaba(a) receptor system assures the successful execution of feeding, motor and sleep-wake activities. in the present study, the effects of orx-a (10ng/g bw) very greatly enhanced (p<0.001) the time spent in feeding behaviors while at the same time moderately increased (p<0.05) food intake of the goldfish. it is worthy to note that the great variations of time spent in feeding behaviors induced b ...201522001787
first description of an olfactory neuroblastoma in goldfish carassius auratus: a case report.an external pinkish growing mass that emerged from the right nostril of an adult goldfish carassius auratus l. was evaluated by means of light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. the neoplasm presented a well-developed fibrovascular stroma associated with solid cell nests and a large number of flexner-wintersteiner rosettes. myelinated fibres were observed around them. neoplastic cells showed a prominent degree of nuclear atypia and low mitotic activity. the latter was in agreement with the low ...201121991666
role of the lateral line mechanosensory system in directionality of goldfish auditory evoked escape response.goldfish (carassius auratus) escape responses to sudden auditory stimuli are mediated by a pair of reticulospinal neurons, the mauthner (m-) cells, which integrate mechanosensory inputs from the inner ear and the lateral line (ll) to initiate a fast directional response away from the aversive stimulus. this behavior is context dependent; when near an obstruction the fish may rather turn towards the sound to avoid hitting the object. mechanisms underlying this directionality remain unknown. here ...201121957099
single and combined effects of selected pharmaceuticals at sublethal concentrations on multiple biomarkers in carassius auratus.in this study, the sublethal effects of caffeine, sulfamethoxazole and their mixture on goldfish (carassius auratus) were investigated, the biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase (ache) in brain, 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), glutathione s-transferase (gst) and superoxide dismutase (sod) in liver and vitellogenin (vtg) in serum were determined after 1, 2, 4, and 7 days of exposure. ache activity was significantly inhibited by caffeine (≥0.4 mg/l), sulfamethoxazole (≥0.4 mg/l) and the ...201221947668
[effect of food deprivation on quantitative and time characteristics of feeding of goldfish carassius auratus in norm and under action of adrenaline].there was studied effect of intraperitoneally administered adrenaline (0.14 mg/kg) on volume and time characteristics of feeding (duration of single, grouped, and total nutrition) of goldfish carassius auratus (l.) previously maintained on normal and restricted (for 10 and 15 days) diet. the fish on restricted diet demonstrated the biphasic alimentary response to the adrenaline administration, similar with that in the normally fed fish: a decrease of volume, duration of the grouped and total fee ...201321938911
cooperative roles of fish protein kinase containing z-dna binding domains and double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase in interferon-mediated antiviral response.the double-stranded rna (dsrna)-dependent protein kinase (pkr) inhibits protein synthesis by phosphorylating eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eif2α). in fish species, in addition to pkr, there exists a pkr-like protein kinase containing z-dna binding domains (pkz). however, the antiviral role of fish pkz and the functional relationship between fish pkz and pkr remain unknown. here we confirmed the coexpression of fish pkz and pkr proteins in carassius auratus blastula embryonic (cab) ...201121937641
technical note: viability and motility of vitrified/thawed primordial germ cell isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) somite embryos.the feasibility of cryopreserving common carp (cyprinus carpio) primordial germ cells (pgc) by vitrification of whole embryos at the 22- to 28-somite stage was investigated. green fluorescent protein (gfp)-labeled pgc were cooled rapidly using liquid nitrogen after exposure to a pretreatment solution containing 1.5 m cryoprotectant (ethylene glycol or dimethyl sulfoxide, 30 or 50 min) and a vitrification solution containing 3 m cryoprotectant and 0.5 m sucrose (5, 10, 20, or 30 min). embryonic c ...201221926320
differential involvement of protein kinase c and protein kinase a in ghrelin-induced growth hormone and gonadotrophin release from goldfish (carassius auratus) pituitary cells.ghrelin (grln) and its receptor have been identified and characterised in goldfish brain and the pituitary, and recent evidence shows that goldfish (g)grln(19) induces both growth hormone (gh) and maturational gonadotrophin (lh) release through an extracellular ca(2+) -dependent mechanism in goldfish. to further understand the role of grln in hormone release, the present study examined the involvement of protein kinase c (pkc) and protein kinase a (pka) in ggrln(19) -induced gh and lh release an ...201121919972
pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio.the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (ef) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in 300 healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26°c. the plasma concentrations of ef and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (cf) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. after i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t(1/2β)), area un ...201221913940
myxobolus honghuensis n. sp. (myxosporea: bivalvulida) parasitizing the pharynx of allogynogenetic gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch) from honghu lake, china.myxobolus honghuensis n. sp. is described from allogynogenetic gibel carp carassius auratus gibelio (bloch), during a survey of myxosporean parasites in honghu lake, hubei province, china. it is characterized by the presence of round plasmodia of 5-12 mm in diameter in the pharynx of host. mature spores of m. honghuensis were pyriform in frontal view and anterior pointed with bluntly round posterior, they measured 16.9 ± 0.5 (15.1-19.5) μm long, 10.4 ± 0.4 (9.0-11.3) μm wide, and 8.4 ± 0.4 (7.9- ...201221912961
xenoestrogens elicit a modulation of endocannabinoid system and estrogen receptors in 4np treated goldfish, carassius auratus.based on pharmacological, behavioral and neuroanatomical studies, the endocannabinoids appear to be pivotal in some important neuroendocrine regulations of both vertebrates and invertebrates. interestingly, a well developed endocannabinoid system was recently demonstrated by us in different bonyfish brain areas which control reproduction, energy balance and stress. fish in particular are very sensitive to different types of stressors which can heavily affect their reproductive activity and negat ...201121855545
influence of divalent metal ions on e2-induced er pathway in goldfish (carassius auratus) hepatocytes.metal ions existing in the environment could influence the estrogen pathway in aquatic animal, but the detailed mechanism is still delusive. we here showed that in male carassius auratus hepatocytes, copper (cu) or cadmium (cd), did not directly induce vitellogenin (vtg) expression. interestingly, co-exposure with cd²⁺ (or cu²⁺) and 17-β-estradiol (e2) greatly increased the vtg level, comparing with single treatment of e2. meanwhile, cd²⁺ or cu²⁺ (but not e2) triggers hsp70 expression. but, mixt ...201121821289
black carp growth hormone gene transgenic allotetraploid hybrids of carassius auratus red var. (♀)×cyprinus carpio (♂).ecological safety is a major consideration in the commercialization of transgenic fish. development of sterile transgenic triploid fish through hybridization of transgenic tetraploid fish and transgenic diploid fish is a feasible way to solve this problem. the "all-fish" transgene, pbcabcghc, containing the black carp β-actin gene promoter and the open reading frame (orf) of the black carp growth hormone (gh) gene was constructed and introduced into fertilized eggs of allotetraploid fish through ...201121809038
fish mita serves as a mediator for distinct fish ifn gene activation dependent on irf3 or irf7.in mammals, cytosolic sensors retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptors (rlrs) activate multiple signaling cascades initiating ifn-α/β expression. ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3) is required for the activation of ifn-β, which, in turn, primes the expression of most ifn-α genes by ifn-induced irf7 through the stat1 pathway. in fish, rig-i overexpression inhibits virus infection by induction of ifn response; however, the subtle signaling cascade mechanism remains to be identified. in th ...201121795596
pharmaceuticals as neuroendocrine disruptors: lessons learned from fish on prozac.pharmaceuticals are increasingly detected in a variety of aquatic systems. one of the most prevalent environmental pharmaceuticals in north america and europe is the antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ssri) and the active ingredient of prozac. usually detected in the range below 1 μg/l, fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine are found to bioaccumulate in wild-caught fish, particularly in the brain. this has raised concerns over potential disruptive e ...201121790318
effect of bde-209 on glutathione system in carassius auratus.in this study, the oxidative stress induced by deca-polybromodiphenyl ether (bde-209) was investigated in livers of carassius auratus. six groups of fish were exposed to blank and 0, 0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4 μm bde-209 (in 0.1% dmso) for 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 d, respectively. the following oxidative stress markers were analyzed: reduced glutathione (gsh), glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione peroxidases (gpx) and glutathione s-transferases (gsts). no significant difference was observed in the content of ...201121787727
pigment-dispersing activities and cortisol-releasing activities of melanocortins and their receptors in xanthophores and head kidneys of the goldfish carassius auratus.the five subtypes of melanocortin receptors (mcrs) mediate the functions of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-msh) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth). in fish, these hormones are involved in pigment dispersion and cortisol release, respectively. α-msh-related peptides exhibit acth-like activity in certain fishes. we recently found that multiple mcr transcripts are expressed in some cell types in the barfin flounder, which is related to regulation of α-msh activities. similar results were a ...201121784075
cobalt-induced oxidative stress in brain, liver and kidney of goldfish carassius auratus.cobalt is an essential element, but at high concentrations it is toxic. in addition to its well-known function as an integral part of cobalamin (vitamin b₁₂), cobalt has recently been shown to be a mimetic of hypoxia and a stimulator of the production of reactive oxygen species. the present study investigated the responses of goldfish, carassius auratus, to 96 h exposure to 50, 100 or 150 mg l⁻¹ co²⁺ in aquarium water (administered as cocl₂). the concentrations of cobalt in aquaria did not chang ...201121777937
the effects of ghrelin on energy balance and psychomotor activity in a goldfish model: an overview.the goldfish (carassius auratus) has a number of merits as a laboratory animal, and we have extensively identified the mechanisms by which ghrelin regulates food intake in this species. for the first time, we have purified and characterized 11 molecular variants of ghrelin that are present in goldfish intestine and shown that 17-residue ghrelin, the predominant form with n-octanoyl modification, is biologically active and implicated in the regulation of food intake as an endogenous orexigenic fa ...201121760819
various responses to copper and manganese exposure of carassius auratus gibelio from two populations.the aim of this study was to compare the effect of pro-oxidants copper (cu(2+), 0.005 and 0.050mg l(-1)) or manganese (mn(2+), 0.17 and 1.7mg l(-1)) on carassius auratus gibelio from polluted (b) and unpolluted (z) sites after exposure for fourteen days. fish from site b showed high levels of lipid peroxidation (tbars concentration), lower levels of metallothionein (mt)-related metal, total glutathione (gsh), its redox index, superoxide dismutase (cu,zn- and mn-sod), glutathione-s-transferase (g ...201121699996
evaluation of emamectin benzoate for the control of experimentally induced infestations of argulus sp. in goldfish and koi carp.the effect of 0.2% emamectin benzoate (slice; intervet/ schering-plough animal health, roseland, new jersey) administered in top-dressed, pelleted commercial fish feed was evaluated for control of freshwater argulus sp. in goldfish carassius auratus and koi carp, a variant of common carp cyprinus carpio, in freshwater aquaria at 24-25 degrees c. sixteen individually housed goldfish were each exposed to 37 argulus. the number of fish lice attached to each fish at the start of the experiment was n ...201121699134
effects of etidronate on calcification of scales and ribs in the goldfish, carassius auratus.effects of etidronate on the calcification of scales and ribs were investigated in goldfish. daily intraperitoneal injections of etidronate at doses of 1 and 10 mgp/kg body weight for 2 weeks inhibited calcification of ontogenic scales and ribs without affecting the accretion of organic matrices. removal of some scales induced their regeneration within the two-week period. their newly formed organic matrix was fully uncalcified in fish treated with 10 mgp/kg, whereas in those treated with 1 mgp/ ...201221695481
visual system scaling in teleost fish.teleost fish grow continuously throughout their lifespan, and this growth includes visual system components: eyes, optic nerves, and brain. as fish grow, the optic nerve lengthens and neural signals must travel increasing distances from the eye to the optic tectum along thousands of retinal ganglion cell (rgc) axons. larger fish have better vision that enhances their ability to capture prey, but they are faced with the potential computational problem of changes in the relative timing of visual i ...201221681750
[experimental study of 241am transfer from herbal food to organs and tissues of crucian carp].freshwater fishes (carassius auratus gibelio, crucian carp) were fed through catheter with homogenized biomass of submerged macrophytes labeled with transuranium element 241am. the intensity of excretion of americium and its accumulation in organs and tissues of fishes were investigated. the highest release of americium (up to 70%) was recorded on the second day after feeding. 94-98% of americium were excreted during 3-4 days; however, americium was also recorded in the excrements after 11 days. ...201621674957
recent invasion and low level of divergence between diploid and triploid forms of carassius auratus complex in croatia.carassius auratus is an invasive species in european waters, comprising a complex of diploid and polyploid forms with different modes of reproduction. however, the evolutionary history and relationships between the diploids and polyploids are still unresolved. in this study, 51.5% diploids and 48.5% triploids, including four triploid males, were discovered among the 363 individuals sampled in croatia. we used eight microsatellite loci and mitochondrial displacement loop sequences to analyze the ...201121644055
the effect of acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise on subsequent hypoxia tolerance and swimming performance in goldfish (carassius auratus).the objective of this study was to determine whether acclimation to hypoxia and sustained exercise would increase hypoxia tolerance (as indicated by a decrease in critical oxygen tension, p(crit)) and swimming performance in goldfish (carassius auratus), and to investigate the relationship between changes in performance and gill remodelling and tissue metabolic capacity. goldfish were acclimated to either hypoxia (48 h at 0.3 mg o(2) l(-1)) or sustained exercise (48 h at 70% of critical swimming ...201121613525
perception of frequency, amplitude, and azimuth of a vibratory dipole source by the octavolateralis system of goldfish (carassius auratus).goldfish (carassius auratus) were conditioned to suppress respiration to a 40-hz vibratory source and subsequently tested for stimulus generalization to frequency, stimulus amplitude, and position (azimuth). animals completely failed to generalize to frequencies separated by octave intervals both lesser and greater than the cs. however, they did appear to generalize weakly to an aerial loudspeaker stimulus of the same frequency (40 hz) after conditioning with an underwater vibratory source. anim ...201121574689
signal-to-noise ratio for source determination and for a comodulated masker in goldfish, carassius auratus.the masking effects of white and amplitude comodulated noise were studied with respect to simple signal detection and sound source determination in goldfish. a stimulus generalization method was used to determine the signal-to-noise ratio required to completely determine the signal's characteristics. it was found that the s∕n required for this determination is about 4 db greater than that required for signal detection, or was about 4 db greater than the critical masking ratio. this means that th ...201121568437
coordination of cytochrome c oxidase gene expression in the remodelling of skeletal muscle.many fish species respond to low temperature by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis, reflected in an increase in activity of the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (cox). cox is composed of 13 subunits, three encoded by mitochondrial (mt)dna and 10 encoded by nuclear genes. we used real-time pcr to measure mrna levels for the 10 nuclear-encoded genes that are highly expressed in muscle. we measured mrna levels in white muscle of three minnow species, each at two temperatures: zebrafish (dan ...201121562175
massive production of all-female diploids and triploids in the crucian carp.in many species of aquaculture importance, all-female and sterile populations possess superior productivity due to faster growth and a relatively homogenous size of individuals. however, the production of all-female and sterile fish in a large scale for aquaculture is a challenge in practice, because treatments necessary for gynogenesis induction usually cause massive embryonic and larval mortality, and the number of induced gynogens is too small for their direct use in aquaculture. here we repo ...201121547066
[phylogenetic relationships of silver crucian carp carassius auratus gibelio, c. auratus cuvieri, crucian carp c. carassius, and common carp cyprinus carpio as inferred from mitochondrial dna variation].pcr-rflp analysis of the nd3/nd4l/nd4 and 12s/16s rrna regions and nucleotide sequence variation of the cytochrome b gene were used to study the mtdna divergence in species of the family cyprinidae, to examine the phylogenetic relationships of the species, and to identify their taxonomic status. the results indicated that an ancestral form diverged into silver crucian carp and crucian carp after its separation from the common carp lineage. the divergence of continental carassius auratus gibelio ...201121542306
two-dimensional receptive fields of midbrain lateral line units in the goldfish, carassius auratus.we determined the receptive fields of midbrain lateral line units in goldfish, carassius auratus, with a 50 hz vibrating sphere placed at various azimuths and elevations alongside the fish and studied how responses were affected by different directions of sphere vibration. the receptive fields of toral lateral line units, in contrast to those of primary afferent nerve fibers, did not represent the pressure gradient pattern generated by a vibrating sphere. thus, unlike primary afferents, single t ...201121505876
responses of brainstem lateral line units to different stimulus source locations and vibration directions.we recorded responses of lateral line units in the medial octavolateralis nucleus in the brainstem of goldfish, carassius auratus, to a 50 hz vibrating sphere and studied how responses were affected by placing the sphere at various locations alongside the fish and by different directions of vibration. in most units (88%), stimulation with the sphere from one or more spatial locations caused an increase and/or decrease in discharge rate. in few units (10%), discharge rate was increased by stimula ...201121479569
axon cap morphology of the sea robin (prionotus carolinus): mauthner cell is correlated with the presence of "signature" field potentials and a c-type startle response.studies on the mauthner cell (m-cell) of goldfish, carassius auratus, have facilitated our understanding of how sensory information is integrated in the hindbrain to initiate c-type fast startle responses (c-starts). the goldfish m-cell initial segment/axon hillock is surrounded by a composite axon cap consisting of a central core and a peripheral zone covered by a glial cell layer. the high resistivity of the axon cap results in "signature" field potentials recorded on activation of the m-cell, ...201121452211
assessment of estrogenic contamination and biological effects in lake taihu.lake taihu is the third largest freshwater lake in china and is contaminated with xenoestrogens associated with high population density, intensive livestock and aquatic breeding activities. a field study in lake taihu was conducted using the goldfish (carassius auratus) as an indicator organism. several biological markers were selected to assess the extent of estrogenic contamination. changes in serum vitellogenin (vtg), and gill 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), glutathione-s-transferase ( ...201121451949
identification of triploid individuals and clonal lines in carassius auratus complex using microsatellites.the carassius auratus complex in natural populations includes diploid triploid and polyploidy individuals. diploid individuals belong to the species carassius auratus whereas triploid and polyploidy individuals are from the subspecies carassius auratus gibelio. triploid individuals are all female and reproduce clonally by gynogenesis. therefore the carassius auratus complex is an ideal system for studying evolution of unisexual reproduction. identification of triploid individuals and clonal line ...201121448338
pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in crucian carp (carassius auratus cuvieri) after a single intramuscular or oral administration.the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (ff) was studied in plasma after a single dose (40 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to crucian carp (carassius auratus cuvieri) in freshwater at 25 °c. ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. the data were fitted to two-compartment open models follow both routes of administration. the estimates of total body clearance (cl(b) ), volume of distribution (v(d) /f), and absorption half-life (t(1/2(ka)) ) were 0. ...201121443750
the effects of temperature on metabolic interaction between digestion and locomotion in juveniles of three cyprinid fish (carassius auratus, cyprinus carpio and spinibarbus sinensis).to test whether the effects of temperature on the metabolic mode changed among different fish species, we investigated the specific dynamic action (sda) and swimming performance of fasting and fed fish at 15 and 25°c in three juvenile cyprinidae fish species: goldfish (carassius auratus), common carp (cyprinus carpio) and qingbo (spinibarbus sinensis). both taxon and temperature had significant effects on the resting oxygen consumption rate (m˙o(rest)), sda and swimming performance (p<0.05). in ...201121440661
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