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the marine herring myxozoan ceratomyxa auerbachi (myxozoa: ceratomyxidae) uses chone infundibuliformis (annelida: polychaeta: sabellidae) as invertebrate host.sequencing of ssu rdna showed that actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type, which develop in chone infundibuliformis krøyer (annelida, polychaeta, sabellidae) from the northern øresund, denmark, are identical with ceratomyxa auerbachi kabata, 1962 (myxozoa, ceratomyxidae). this myxosporean was found in the gallbladder of the atlantic herring clupea harengus l. from the northern øresund, denmark, and from the bergen area, western norway. the pansporocysts and actinospores of c. auerbachi are des ...200818666412
effect of various electric field strengths and current durations on stunning and spinal injuries of atlantic herring.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of electric field strength and current duration on wild-caught atlantic herring clupea harengus stunned with sinusoidal 50-hz ac in seawater. the fish were exposed to electric field strengths ranging from 16 to 142 v/m and current durations from 1 to 12 s. we recorded the elapsed times between the point at which each fish became unconscious and the points at which it resumed normal behavioral functions. we also investigated injuries such as broken ...200818783132
characterization of rainbow trout cell lines using microsatellite dna profiling.ten microsatellite loci (omy27du,omy325(a3)uog, omyfgt5tuf,omyfgt14tuf, omyfgt15tuf,omyfgt23tuf, omy77du,ssa20.19nuig, ots1bml, andone18asc) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction to create genetic profiles for nine cell lines (rtg-2, rth-149,rtl-w1,rtgill-w1, rts-11, rts-34st, rtp-2, rtp-91e and rtp-91f) from rainbow trout(oncorhynchus mykiss) and one cell line (chse-214) from chinook salmon (o. tschawytscha). a cell line (phl) from anon-salmonid, the pacific herring (clupea harengu ...200119002917
influence of herring (clupea harengus) and herring fractions on metabolic status in rats fed a high energy diet.few dietary studies have looked beyond fish oil to explain the beneficial metabolic effects of a fish-containing diet. our aim was to study whether addition of herring, or sub-fractions of herring, could counteract negative metabolic effects known to be induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet.200919076113
investigation of pcdd/fs and dl-pcbs in fish from the southern baltic sea during the 2002-2006 period.concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) in the southern baltic herring (clupea harengus), sprat (sprattus sprattus), and salmon (salmo salar) are reported. the significant interspecies and season-specific differences in pcdd/fs and dl-pcbs concentrations were observed. the contribution of dl-pcbs to the total toxicity equivalents (teqs) ranged between 50% and 70%, dependently on fish s ...200919108863
marine mammals' influence on ecosystem processes affecting fisheries in the barents sea is trivial.some interpretations of ecosystem-based fishery management include culling marine mammals as an integral component. the current norwegian policy on marine mammal management is one example. scientific support for this policy includes the scenario barents sea (sbs) models. these modelled interactions between cod, gadus morhua, herring, clupea harengus, capelin, mallotus villosus and northern minke whales, balaenoptera acutorostrata. adding harp seals phoca groenlandica into this top-down modelling ...200919126534
behavioral responses of herring (clupea harengus) to 1-2 and 6-7 khz sonar signals and killer whale feeding sounds.military antisubmarine sonars produce intense sounds within the hearing range of most clupeid fish. the behavioral reactions of overwintering herring (clupea harengus) to sonar signals of two different frequency ranges (1-2 and 6-7 khz), and to playback of killer whale feeding sounds, were tested in controlled exposure experiments in vestfjorden, norway, november 2006. the behavior of free ranging herring was monitored by two upward-looking echosounders. a vessel towing an operational naval sona ...200919173441
genomic and proteomic analyses reveal non-neofunctionalized vitellogenins in a basal clupeocephalan, the atlantic herring, and point to the origin of maturational yolk proteolysis in marine teleosts.oocyte hydration is a unique event in oviparous marine teleosts that provides the single-celled egg with an essential pool of water for survival during early development in the saline oceanic environment. a conserved mechanism of maturational yolk proteolysis of a neofunctionalized vitellogenin (vtgaa) has been shown to underlie the hydration event in all teleosts that spawn pelagic eggs (pelagophils), and is argued to be a key adaptation for teleost radiation in the oceanic environment 55 ma. w ...200919174481
toxicity of orimulsion-400 to early life stages of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) and mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus).the toxicity of orimulsion-400 (pdvsa-bitor), an emulsion of 70% bitumen in 30% water, was tested during the embryonic development of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) and mummichog (fundulus heteroclitus) in duplicate experiments. air injection and different salinities were included in the herring assays to examine their effects on orimulsion-400 toxicity. water-accommodated fractions (wafs) of no. 6 fuel oil were tested in the mummichog assays to compare orimulsion-400 toxicity with that of a ...200919220074
development and use of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay to quantify cytochrome p4501a1 expression in american mink.the distribution of natural populations of american mink is restricted to locales that are in proximity to aquatic ecosystems. because of the lipophilicity and persistence of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and reliance of mink on aquatic-based diets, mink at contaminated locales often bioacccumulate high levels of pcbs. in addition, in controlled laboratory studies, mink are highly sensitive at reproductive and developmental end points to the toxic effects of environmental pcb mixtures. it is ...200919277445
lévy processes and stochastic von bertalanffy models of growth, with application to fish population analysis.the study of animal growth is a longstanding crucial topic of theoretical biology. in this paper we introduce a new class of stochastic growth models that enjoy two crucial properties: the growth path of an individual is monotonically increasing and the mean length at time t follows the classic von bertalanffy model. besides the theoretical development, the models are also tested against a large set of length-at-age data collected on atlantic herring (clupea harengus): the mean lengths and varia ...200919459236
mitochondrial dna of anisakis simplex s.s. as a potential tool for differentiating populations.anisakis simplex s.s. specimens from gadus morhua, gadus ogac, reinhardtius hippoglossoides, clupea harengus, micromesistius poutassou, pleurogrammus monopterygius, and oncorhynchus nerka, caught in the north atlantic and pacific, were examined. identity of the parasite species was confirmed using a molecular key. all specimens were used for amplifying a part of the non-coding sequence of the at-rich region, flanked by the nad6-nad4l-trnw-trne-rrns-trns2, and trnn-trny-nad1 genes. this part of t ...200919530887
temporal trends in the bioaccumulation of trace metals in herring, sprat, and cod from the southern baltic sea in the 1994-2003 period.this study is based on raw data obtained from 1 225 samples of herring (clupea harengus), sprat (sprattus sprattus), and cod (gadus morhua) collected in the 1994-2003 period from the polish coastal zone of the baltic sea. this paper presents the results of investigations of the contents of cu, zn, cd, pb, hg, and as in fish. the aim was to identify temporal trends in trace metal contamination and variations in the concentrations of hg in the flesh of herring, sprat, and cod of different lengths. ...200919580989
disentangling the effects of evolutionary, demographic, and environmental factors influencing genetic structure of natural populations: atlantic herring as a case study.the spatial structuring of intraspecific genetic diversity is the result of random genetic drift, natural selection, migration, mutation, and their interaction with historical processes. the contribution of each has been typically difficult to estimate, but recent advances in statistical genetics have provided valuable new investigative tools to tackle such complexity. using a combination of such methods, we examined the roles of environment (i.e., natural selection), random genetic processes (i ...200919624724
temporally stable genetic structure of heavily exploited atlantic herring (clupea harengus) in swedish waters.information on the temporal stability of genetic structures is important to permit detection of changes that can constitute threats to biological resources. large-scale harvesting operations are known to potentially alter the composition and reduce the variability of populations, and atlantic herring (clupea harengus) has a long history of heavy exploitation. in the baltic sea and skagerrak waters, the census population sizes have declined by 35-50% over the last three decades. we compared the g ...201019654606
whether depositing fat or losing weight, fish maintain a balance.in fish, the relative amount of tissues of different densities changes significantly over short periods throughout the year, depending on the availability of food, nutrition and their developmental status, such as sexual maturation. if a land-living animal accumulates fat it influences not only its general state of health, but also markedly increases its energy expenditure for locomotion owing to the force of gravity. on a body submerged in water, this force, which acts on the centre of gravity ...200919675008
removal of lipids, dioxins, and polychlorinated biphenyls during production of protein isolates from baltic herring ( clupea harengus ) using ph-shift processes.dioxins and pcbs are toxic, lipophilic, and persistent substances that impose a serious health threat. a major risk of exposure to these toxic substances is consumption of fish from polluted waters, such as the baltic sea. the aim of this study was to investigate if ph-shift processing of baltic herring with elevated toxicity levels could be used to produce a protein isolate with low fat content and, thereby, reduced dioxin and pcb levels. both acid (ph 2.7) and alkaline (ph 11.2) ph-shift proce ...200919678682
efficiency of hemoglobin from rainbow trout, cod, and herring in promotion of hydroperoxide-derived free radicals.hemoglobin (hb) from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), atlantic cod (gadus morhua), and herring (clupea harengus) were evaluated in terms of capacity to generate hydroperoxide-derived free radicals in aqueous solution at ph 6.8. cumene hydroperoxide (cumooh) was used as a model for preformed lipid hydroperoxides, and free radicals were monitored by stabilizing with the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-n-tert-butylnitrone (pobn) and further detection by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. ...200919705833
identification of genes for dimethyl sulfide production in bacteria in the gut of atlantic herring (clupea harengus).phytoplankton are the primary producers of the sulfur-containing compatible solute dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp). these cells are consumed by mesozooplankton, which, in turn, may be eaten by marine vertebrates. from the gut of one such animal, the atlantic herring clupea harengus, we isolated strains of the gamma-proteobacteria pseudomonas and psychrobacter that grew on dmsp as sole carbon source, and which produced the environmentally important sulfurous volatile dimethyl sulfide (dms). in ...201019710707
high resolution population density imaging of random scatterers with the matched filtered scattered field variance.the matched filter enables imaging with high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio by coherent correlation with the expected field from what is assumed to be a discrete scatterer. in many physical imaging systems, however, returns from a large number of randomized scatterers, ranging from thousands to millions of individuals, are received together and the coherent or expected field vanishes. despite this, it is shown that cross-spectral coherence in the matched filtered variance reta ...200919739718
cholecystokinin: molecular cloning and immunohistochemical localization in the gastrointestinal tract of larval red drum, sciaenops ocellatus (l.).the current study sought to clarify the role of cholecystokinin (cck) in the digestion of larval red drum (sciaenops ocellatus) in order to better characterize the processes limiting the utilization of microparticulate diets at first feeding. the red drum cck cdna, isolated from adult anterior intestine and pyloric caeca, contains a 414 base pair (bp) open reading frame encoding a deduced amino acid sequence of 138 residues which is highly similar to preprocholecystokinin from other vertebrates. ...201019896946
low-frequency target strength and abundance of shoaling atlantic herring (clupea harengus) in the gulf of maine during the ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing 2006 experiment.the low-frequency target strength of shoaling atlantic herring (clupea harengus) in the gulf of maine during autumn 2006 spawning season is estimated from experimental data acquired simultaneously at multiple frequencies in the 300-1200 hz range using (1) a low-frequency ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing (oawrs) system, (2) areal population density calibration with several conventional fish finding sonar (cffs) systems, and (3) low-frequency transmission loss measurements. the oawrs system ...201020058955
natural, social, economical and political influences on fisheries: a review of the transitional area of the polish waters of the vistula lagoon.a 60 year (1948-2007) dataset gathered by polish researchers working on the vistula lagoon fish assemblages and fisheries has shown this stressed transitional environment to be always been dominated by a few highly abundant fish species. during this period, the surrounding countries poland and russia (kaliningrad) were transformed from centrally-planned economies with fixed prices to free market systems. the organization of the fishery evolved from one in which the majority of the fishing effort ...201020359718
detecting atlantic herring by parametric sonar.the difference-frequency band of the kongsberg topas ps18 parametric sub-bottom profiling sonar, nominally 1-6 khz, is being used to observe atlantic herring. representative topas echograms of herring layers and schools observed in situ in december 2008 and november 2009 are presented. these agree well with echograms of volume backscattering strength derived simultaneously with the narrowband simrad ek60/18- and 38-khz scientific echo sounder, also giving insight into herring avoidance behavior ...201020369983
viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genotype ii isolated from european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in finland during surveillance from 1999 to 2008.we examined the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the main spawning stocks of wild european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in the rivers of finland from 1999 to 2008. pooled samples of internal organs (kidney, liver and heart or brain) from 2621 lampreys were examined for the presence of vhsv by standard virological techniques. vhsv was isolated from 5 samples from the rivers lestijoki and kalajoki, which flow from finland into the bothnian bay of the baltic sea. t ...201020377008
seasonal plankton-fish interactions: light regime, prey phenology, and herring foraging.when prey and predator are seasonal migrants, encounters depend on migration phenologies and environmental constraints on predation. here we investigate the relative contribution of seasonality in irradiance and prey abundance in shaping the rapid seasonal body condition increase of a migrating predator searching visually for its prey: the norwegian spring-spawning herring, clupea harengus, feeding on the copepod calanus finmarchicus. two main seasonal pulses of prey are available to herring: (1 ...201020391994
anisakis simplex third stage larvae in norwegian spring spawning herring (clupea harengus l.), with emphasis on larval distribution in the flesh.the third stage larvae of the parasitic nematode anisakis simplex commonly occur in most commercially important fish species of the north atlantic, including norwegian spring spawning herring (clupea harengus l.). the presence of nematode larvae in the flesh of fish may significantly lower the aesthetical quality of the product, or even pose a consumer health risk, especially with regard to the possible allergenic nature of the larvae or molecular traces thereof. in this study, the occurrence an ...201020413223
use of herring bait to farm lobsters in the gulf of maine.ecologists, fisheries scientists, and coastal managers have all called for an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, yet many species such as the american lobster (homarus americanus) are still largely managed individually. one hypothesis that has yet to be tested suggests that human augmentation of lobster diets via the use of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) as bait may contribute to recent increases in lobster landings. currently 70% of atlantic herring landings in the gulf of maine ar ...201020419167
detecting population structure in a high gene-flow species, atlantic herring (clupea harengus): direct, simultaneous evaluation of neutral vs putatively selected loci.in many marine fish species, genetic population structure is typically weak because populations are large, evolutionarily young and have a high potential for gene flow. we tested whether genetic markers influenced by natural selection are more efficient than the presumed neutral genetic markers to detect population structure in atlantic herring (clupea harengus), a migratory pelagic species with large effective population sizes. we compared the spatial and temporal patterns of divergence and sta ...201120551979
ecological meltdown in the firth of clyde, scotland: two centuries of change in a coastal marine ecosystem.the firth of clyde is a large inlet of the sea that extends over 100 km into scotland's west coast.201020686614
variation in fat content and fatty-acid composition of the baltic herring clupea harengus membras.the fat content and fatty-acid profiles of herring, clupea harengus membras, from the southern baltic sea varied depending on when (fishing season) and where (fishing grounds) the fish were caught as well as on their size and sex. the fat, protein and dry matter content and the fatty-acid profiles were assayed in c. h. membras muscle tissue. the changes observed in fatty-acid profiles were determined by factors such as specimen mass and fat content, which, in turn, depended on fishing season. th ...201020701642
depth-dependent swimbladder compression in herring clupea harengus observed using magnetic resonance imaging.changes in swimbladder morphology in an atlantic herring clupea harengus with pressure were examined by magnetic resonance imaging of a dead fish in a purpose-built pressure chamber. swimbladder volume changed with pressure according to boyle's law, but compression in the lateral aspect was greater than in the dorsal aspect. this uneven compression has a reduced effect on acoustic backscattering than symmetrical compression and would elicit less pronounced effects of depth on acoustic biomass es ...200920735542
implications of climate change for the fishes of the british isles.recent climatic change has been recorded across the globe. although environmental change is a characteristic feature of life on earth and has played a major role in the evolution and global distribution of biodiversity, predicted future rates of climatic change, especially in temperature, are such that they will exceed any that has occurred over recent geological time. climate change is considered as a key threat to biodiversity and to the structure and function of ecosystems that may already be ...200920735625
application of a sensitive, specific and controlled real-time pcr assay to surveillance indicates a low prevalence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in wild herring, clupea harengus l., in scottish waters.surveillance data on the distribution of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the north sea (uk), targeting atlantic herring in areas with previous virus detection, were obtained from research cruises conducted during 2005. the sensitive molecular approach of real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) was applied alongside a newly developed endogenous positive control assay specific for herring (elongation factor 1α) to ensure integrity of template. three hundred and five pools from 1937 individual he ...201020735797
toxicity of dispersed weathered crude oil to early life stages of atlantic herring (clupea harengus).reports of the chronic toxicity of dispersed crude oil to early life stages of fish perpetuate uncertainty about dispersant use. however, realistic exposures to dispersed oil in the water column are thought to be much briefer than exposures associated with chronic toxicity testing. to address this issue, the toxicity of dispersed weathered oil to early life stages of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) was tested for short exposure durations, ranging from 1 to 144 h. toxicity was a function of co ...201020821553
protein isolation from gutted herring (clupea harengus) using ph-shift processes.herring ( clupea harengus ) and other pelagic fish species are mainly used for fish meal and oil production and not for human consumption. in this study, acid ph-shift processing and alkaline ph-shift processing were used to isolate proteins from whole gutted herring with the aim to investigate the potential use of herring proteins as a food ingredient. the acid and alkaline processes gave rise to similar protein yields, 59.3 and 57.3%. the protein isolates from both processes had a significantl ...201020828150
modeling relationships between baltic sea herring (clupea harengus) biology and contaminant concentrations using multivariate data analysis.baltic sea herring (clupea harengus) is a pelagic, zoo-planktivorous fish and young (2-5 years old) individuals of this species are sampled annually in the swedish marine monitoring program. this study determined concentrations of organochlorines (ocs) and brominated flame retardants (bfrs) in dorsal muscle from herring (n = 60) of varying age (2-13 years), weight (25-200 g), and body length (16-29 cm) caught at three locations in the swedish part of the baltic proper. in order to ensure that th ...201021049924
cholecystokinin (cck) in atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) - ontogeny and effects of feeding and diurnal rhythms.neural and alimentary cholecystokinin (cck) levels in atlantic herring, clupea harengus, were analyzed from hatching to 40days after hatching (dah). the head compartment representing the neural pool was quantitatively dominant (>80% of the total cck content) while the digestive tract pool represented 6-10%. during ontogeny the cck level in whole larvae increased almost 15-fold from 0 to 40 dah, being particularly marked from 14 to 20 dah. larvae of 24 to 26 dah were examined for potential occurr ...201021147246
feeding ecology of pelagic fish species in the gulf of riga (baltic sea): the importance of changes in the zooplankton community.the feeding ecology of four pelagic fish species was studied in relation to their prey availability in the gulf of riga (baltic sea) during the summer 1999-2006. the zooplankton community was dominated by the cladoceran bosmina longispina, rotifers keratella cochlearis and k. quadrata and the copepod eurytemora affinis, with the highest interannual variability in abundance recorded for b. longispina. the last influenced the diet of adult sprat sprattus sprattus, juvenile smelt osmerus eperlanus ...201021155782
environmental pollutants in the swedish marine ecosystem, with special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde).levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and perfluorinated organic compounds (pfcs) were analysed in whole herring (clupea harengus) and sprat (sprattus sprattus), eggs from common eider (somateria mollissima) and eggs and livers from herring gull (larus argentatus) from the swedish west coast. the contaminant values obtained were compared with published values from the arctic marin ...201121220151
foraging, bioenergetic and predation constraints on diel vertical migration: field observations and modelling of reverse migration by young-of-the-year herring clupea harengus.diel vertical migration (dvm) of young-of-the-year (yoy) herring clupea harengus and one of their major predators, pikeperch sander lucioperca, was examined using bottom-mounted hydroacoustics in himmerfjärden, a brackish bay of the baltic sea, in summer. in contrast to previous studies on dvm of c. harengus aggregated across size and age classes, yoy c. harengus showed a reverse dvm trajectory, deeper at night and, on average, shallower during the day. this pattern was observed consistently on ...201121284628
morphology and ssu rdna sequences of ortholinea orientalis (shul'man and shul'man-albova, 1953) (myxozoa, ortholineidae) from clupea harengus and sprattus sprattus (clupeidae) from denmark.ortholinea orientalis (shul'man and shul'man-albova 1953) shul'man 1956 is redescribed from clupea harengus l. and sprattus sprattus (l.) (teleostei, clupeidae) from the northern øresund, denmark. s. sprattus is a new host record. polysporic plasmodia and most myxospores were found in the ureters of both hosts. the myxospores have external valvular ridges, which were not observed in the original description. the presence of this character causes us to consider ortholinea clupeidae aseeva 2000 as ...201121301876
interpretation of multi-frequency acoustic data: effects of fish orientation.one goal of fisheries acoustics is to develop objective classification or identification methods to automate allocation of acoustic backscatter to species. classification schemes rely on consistent relationships for successful apportionment of acoustic backscatter to species. a method is developed that compares frequency-dependent volume backscatter from an acoustical survey of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) to investigate the potential for classifying herring. predicted backscattering patte ...201121302987
rapid method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides and pcbs in fish muscle samples by microwave-assisted extraction and analysis of extracts by gc-ecd.a procedure for the multiresidue determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fish muscle samples has been developed. the method is based on the microwave-assisted extraction (mae) of food samples from an acetonitrile-water (95 + 5, v/v) mixture followed by spe cleanup of the extracts and analysis by gc with an electron capture detector. mae operational parameters, such as the extraction solvent, temperature, and time, were optimized with respect to the extraction ...201021313829
transcriptional effects of dietary exposure of oil-contaminated calanus finmarchicus in atlantic herring (clupea harengus).suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna library construction and characterization was used to identify differentially regulated transcripts from oil exposure in liver of male atlantic herring (clupea harengus) fed a diet containing 900 mg crude oil/kg for 2 mo. in total, 439 expressed sequence tags (est) were sequenced, 223 from the forward subtracted library (enriched for genes putatively upregulated by oil exposure) and 216 from the reverse subtracted library (enriched for genes putat ...201121391095
a simple method for weight estimation of whole herring (clupea harengus) using planar x-ray imaging.fish weight is one of the key parameters used in commercial sorting of fresh fish. the capability of on-line and accurate estimation of the weight of each individual fish has a direct impact on profitability for the fish processors. planar x-ray images of whole herring (n = 16) were taken using a commercial medical x-ray apparatus. the integral intensity of all pixels in each image was calculated and correlated with the weight of the respective fish producing a linear relationship with a high co ...201121535833
epidemiological aspects of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype ii isolated from baltic herring, clupea harengus membras l.this study was carried out to clarify the role of wild fish, especially baltic herring, clupea harengus membras l., in the epidemiology of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in brackish water in finland. baltic herring with no visible signs of disease were collected from the archipelago sea, the gulf of bothnia and the eastern gulf of finland. in total, 7580 herring were examined by virus isolation as 758 pooled samples and 3029 wild salmonid broodfish as pooled samples during 2004-2006 ...201121623835
high site fidelity and low site connectivity in temperate salt marsh fish populations: a stable isotope approach.adult and juvenile fish utilise salt marshes for food and shelter at high tide, moving into adjacent sublittoral regions during low tide. understanding whether there are high levels of site fidelity for different species of coastal fish has important implications for habitat conservation and the design of marine protected areas. we hypothesised that common salt marsh fish species would demonstrate a high site fidelity, resulting in minimal inter-marsh connectivity. carbon ((13)c) and nitrogen (( ...201121786154
wasp-waist interactions in the north sea ecosystem.in a "wasp-waist" ecosystem, an intermediate trophic level is expected to control the abundance of predators through a bottom-up interaction and the abundance of prey through a top-down interaction. previous studies suggest that the north sea is mainly governed by bottom-up interactions driven by climate perturbations. however, few studies have investigated the importance of the intermediate trophic level occupied by small pelagic fishes.201121829494
role of egg predation by haddock in the decline of an atlantic herring population.theoretical studies suggest that the abrupt and substantial changes in the productivity of some fisheries species may be explained by predation-driven alternate stable states in their population levels. with this hypothesis, an increase in fishing or a natural perturbation can drive a population from an upper to a lower stable-equilibrium population level. after fishing is reduced or the perturbation ended, this low population level can persist due to the regulatory effect of the predator. altho ...201121825166
seasonal variation in the levels of organohalogen compounds in herring (clupea harengus) from the norwegian sea.the norwegian spring spawning (nss) herring is an ecologically important fish stock in the norwegian sea, and with a catch volume exceeding one million tons a year it is also economically important and a valuable food source. in order to provide a baseline of the levels of contaminants in this fish stock, the levels of organohalogen compounds were determined in 800 individual herring sampled at 29 positions in the norwegian sea and off the coast of norway. due to seasonal migration, the herring ...201121724232
Vertebrate slow skeletal muscle actin - Conservation, distribution and conformational flexibility.The existence of a unique sarcomeric actin is demonstrated in teleosts that possess substantial amounts of slow skeletal muscle in the trunk. The slow skeletal isotype is conserved. There is one amino acid substitution between Atlantic herring slow skeletal actin and the equivalent in salmonids. Conversely, the intra-species variation is considerable; 13 substitutions between different herring skeletal isotypes (slow versus fast). The isomorphisms (non-conservative underlined: residues, 2, 3, 10 ...201121722757
interacting trophic forcing and the population dynamics of herring.small pelagic fish occupy a central position in marine ecosystems worldwide, largely by determining the energy transfer from lower trophic levels to predators at the top of the food web, including humans. population dynamics of small pelagic fish may therefore be regulated neither strictly bottom-up nor top-down, but rather through multiple external and internal drivers. while in many studies single drivers have been identified, potential synergies of multiple factors, as well as their relative ...201121870614
effects of multiple scattering, attenuation and dispersion in waveguide sensing of fish.an ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing system can instantaneously image and continuously monitor fish populations distributed over continental shelf-scale regions. here it is shown theoretically that the areal population density of fish groups can be estimated from their incoherently averaged broadband matched filtered scattered intensities measured using a waveguide remote sensing system with less than 10% error. a numerical monte-carlo model is developed to determine the statistical moment ...201121895068
Dietary supplementation of herring roe and milt enhances hepatic fatty acid catabolism in female mice transgenic for hTNFaPURPOSE: The beneficial effects of a seafood-rich diet are highly documented and can be attributed to both n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other less studied nutritional components including protein and antioxidants. The aim of the work was to investigate whether an under-utilized seafood source, eggs (roe) and sperm (milt) from herring (Clupea harengus), can affect lipid metabolism and inflammation in a mouse model transgenic for human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF ...201121986673
high-speed weight estimation of whole herring (clupea harengus) using 3d machine vision.weight is an important parameter by which the price of whole herring (clupea harengus) is determined. current mechanical weight graders are capable of a high throughput but have a relatively low accuracy. for this reason, there is a need for a more accurate high-speed weight estimation of whole herring. a 3-dimensional (3d) machine vision system was developed for high-speed weight estimation of whole herring. the system uses a 3d laser triangulation system above a conveyor belt moving at a speed ...201122417497
[new view on the population genetic structure of marine fish].the view on homogeneous population genetic structure in many marine fish with high mobility has changed significantly during the last ten years. molecular genetic population studies over the whole ranges of such species as atlantic herring and atlantic cod showed a complex picture of spatial differentiation both on the macrogeographic and, in many areas, on the microgeographic scale, although the differentiation for neutral molecular markers was low. it was established that the migration activit ...201122332403
effect of alkaline ph-shift processing on in vitro gastrointestinal digestion of herring (clupea harengus) fillets.the effect of alkaline ph-shift processing on herring (clupea harengus) protein oxidation, salt solubility and digestibility, has been evaluated. for the latter, herring mince and ph-shift produced herring protein isolate, both raw and heat-treated, were digested using a static gastrointestinal in vitro model. the ph-shift process resulted in drastically lowered protein salt solubility and increased lipid oxidation while protein carbonyl formation was unaffected. yet, no significant differences ...201223265479
metazoan parasites from herring (clupea harengus l.) as biological indicators in the baltic sea.zoographical distribution of metazoan fish parasites in herring, clupea harengus, from the baltic sea was analysed in order to use them as potential biological indicators. a total of 210 herring from six different sampling sites were investigated, harbouring 12 different parasite species [five digeneans (d), one cestode (c), three nematodes (n) and three acanthocephalans (a)]. the distribution of the parasite species differed according to region, with a distinct gradient of decreasing species ri ...201425119368
acetylcholinesterase secreted by anisakis simplex larvae (nematoda: anisakidae) parasitizing herring, clupea harengus: an inverse relationship of enzyme activity in the host-parasite system.acetylcholinesterase (ache) is a key enzyme involved in nerve impulse transmission in both vertebrates and invertebrates. in addition to neuromuscular ache, many parasitic nematodes synthesize ache in secretory glands and release the enzyme into their external environment. in this study, we evaluate the activities of both somatic and secreted ache from larvae (l3) of the parasitic nematode anisakis simplex, and compare these to the ache activity in its host, herring, clupea harengus. a. simplex ...201424705520
[infestation rates of the main commercial fish species with larvae of contracaecum osculatum (rudolphi, 1802) (nematoda: anisakidae) in russian waters of the south baltic in 2000-2012].the infestation dynamic of the sprat (sprattus sprattus balticus), the baltic herring (clupea harengus membras), and the baltic cod (gadus morhua callaris) with nematodes contracaecum osculatum 1 (anisakidae) from russian waters of the south baltic were studied in 2000-2012. peculiarities of larval growth in different hosts were analyzed. a total of 6233 fish specimens were investigated, including 1420, 3867, and 946 specimens of sprat, herring, and cod, respectively. the prevalence and mean int ...201525693327
disease surveillance of atlantic herring: molecular characterization of hepatic coccidiosis and a morphological report of a novel intestinal coccidian.surveillance for pathogens of atlantic herring, including viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), ichthyophonus hoferi, and hepatic and intestinal coccidians, was conducted from 2012 to 2016 in the nw atlantic ocean, new jersey, usa. neither vhsv nor i. hoferi was detected in any sample. goussia clupearum was found in the livers of 40 to 78% of adult herring in varying parasite loads; however, associated pathological changes were negligible. phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit 18s rr ...201627409233
ultra-deep sequencing of vhsv isolates contributes to understanding the role of viral quasispecies.the high mutation rate of rna viruses enables the generation of a genetically diverse viral population, termed a quasispecies, within a single infected host. this high in-host genetic diversity enables an rna virus to adapt to a diverse array of selective pressures such as host immune response and switching between host species. the negative-sense, single-stranded rna virus, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv), was originally considered an epidemic virus of cultured rainbow trout in euro ...201626743117
screening for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in marine fish along the norwegian coastal line.viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) infects a wide range of marine fish species. to study the occurrence of vhsv in wild marine fish populations in norwegian coastal waters and fjord systems a total of 1927 fish from 39 different species were sampled through 5 research cruises conducted in 2009 to 2011. in total, vhsv was detected by rrt-pcr in twelve samples originating from atlantic herring (clupea harengus), haddock (melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (merlangius merlangus) and silvery ...201425248078
a survey of wild marine fish identifies a potential origin of an outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in wrasse, labridae, used as cleaner fish on marine atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., farms.viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was isolated from five species of wrasse (labridae) used as biological controls for parasitic sea lice predominantly, lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer, 1837), on marine atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., farms in shetland. as part of the epidemiological investigation, 1400 wild marine fish were caught and screened in pools of 10 for vhsv using virus isolation. eleven pools (8%) were confirmed vhsv positive from: grey gurnard, eutrigla gurnardus l.; atlant ...201525102953
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to igm of pacific herring (clupea pallasii).pacific herring (clupea pallasii) have a central role in the north pacific ecosystem as a forage fish species and are natural reservoirs of several important finfish pathogens, including viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv). here, we report the identification of the gene encoding the immunoglobulin mu (igm) heavy chain, as well as the development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically react with pacific herring igm. pacific herring immunoglobulin was purified ...201222771742
quantifying alosine prey in the diets of marine piscivores in the gulf of maine.the objectives of this work were to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of the occurrence of anadromous fishes (alewife alosa pseudoharengus, blueback herring alosa aestivalis and american shad alosa sapidissima) in the stomachs of demersal fishes in coastal waters of the north-west atlantic ocean. results show that anadromous fishes were detectable and quantifiable in the diets of common marine piscivores for every season sampled. even though anadromous fishes were not the most abund ...201525943427
clupeid response to stressors: the influence of environmental factors on thiaminase expression.over the past five decades, a reproductive failure related to thiamine deficiency, referred to as thiamine deficiency complex (tdc), has been observed in valuable salmonine fishes in the great lakes and finger lakes in north america and the baltic sea in europe. the cause of tdc has been linked to the consumption of clupeid fish, which contain high levels of a thiamine-destroying enzyme called thiaminase i (hereafter referred to as "thiaminase"). high activities of thiaminase have been reported ...201323560604
ichthyophonus parasite phylogeny based on its rdna structure prediction and alignment identifies six clades, with a single dominant marine type.despite their widespread, global impact in both wild and cultured fishes, little is known of the diversity, transmission patterns, and phylogeography of parasites generally identified as ichthyophonus. this study constructed a phylogeny based on the structural alignment of internal transcribed spacer (its) rdna sequences to compare ichthyophonus isolates from fish hosts in the atlantic and pacific oceans, and several rivers and aquaculture sites in north america, europe, and japan. structure of ...201627409236
development and validation of a range of endogenous controls to support the implementation of practical taqman real-time pcr-based surveillance for fish diseases within aquaculture.the use of taqman real-time pcr-based technology has recently become more frequent in the detection of pathogens in the aquaculture industry. this interest has necessitated the development of robust and reliable pathogen-detection assays. the development of a range of endogenous control assays to be run alongside these diagnostic assays works to further increase confidence in the latter. this study describes the design of a range of endogenous control assays based on the elongation factor 1-α (e ...201222524565
temporal trends and geographical differences of perfluoroalkyl acids in baltic sea herring and white-tailed sea eagle eggs in sweden.temporal and spatial trends of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) were investigated in baltic sea herring liver (clupea harengus) from three sites, and white-tailed sea eagle (wtse) eggs (haliaeetus albicilla) from two freshwater and two marine areas in sweden. trends of most quantifiable pfaas increased over the monitored period (1980-2014 in herring, 1960s/1980s-2010 in wtse). no significant decreasing trends were observed for the most recent ten years for any substances, except perfluorooctane sulf ...201627775331
population genomic evidence for adaptive differentiation in the baltic sea herring.detecting and estimating the degree of genetic differentiation among populations of highly mobile marine fish having pelagic larval stages is challenging because their effective population sizes can be large, and thus, little genetic drift and differentiation is expected in neutral genomic sites. however, genomic sites subject to directional selection stemming from variation in local environmental conditions can still show substantial genetic differentiation, yet these signatures can be hard to ...201627093194
outlier loci detect intraspecific biodiversity amongst spring and autumn spawning herring across local scales.herring, clupea harengus, is one of the ecologically and commercially most important species in european northern seas, where two distinct ecotypes have been described based on spawning time; spring and autumn. to date, it is unknown if these spring and autumn spawning herring constitute genetically distinct units. we assessed levels of genetic divergence between spring and autumn spawning herring in the baltic sea using two types of dna markers, microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphis ...201627050440
impact of extreme climate and bioinvasion on temporal coupling of spring herring (clupea harengus m.) larvae and their prey.we used weekly observational data from mid-may to end of july in 1958-2012 in gulf of riga to investigate temporal coupling between spring herring larvae and their first prey - copepod nauplii, under the extreme hydroclimatic conditions. we focused on a small shallow estuary that is important nursery ground for larvae of the gulf of riga (baltic sea) herring population. we quantified the effect of extreme values of the winter air temperatures, time of ice retreat and spring water temperatures on ...201424933435
high degree of cryptic population differentiation in the baltic sea herring clupea harengus.marine fish species are characterized by a low degree of population differentiation at putatively neutral marker genes. this has been traditionally attributed to ecological homogeneity and a lack of obvious dispersal barriers in marine habitats, as well as to the large (effective) population sizes of most marine fish species. the herring (clupea harengus) is a case in point - the levels of population differentiation at neutral markers, even across vast geographic areas, are typically very low (f ...201323294045
temporal dynamics of top predators interactions in the barents sea.the barents sea system is often depicted as a simple food web in terms of number of dominant feeding links. the most conspicuous feeding link is between the northeast arctic cod gadus morhua, the world's largest cod stock which is presently at a historical high level, and capelin mallotus villosus. the system also holds diverse seabird and marine mammal communities. previous diet studies may suggest that these top predators (cod, bird and sea mammals) compete for food particularly with respect t ...201425365430
purification and properties of malic enzyme from herring clupea harengus spermatozoa.herring spermatozoa exhibit higher activity of malic enzyme (me) than atlantic salmon (salmo salar), brown trout (salmo trutta), carp (cyprinus carpio) and african catfish (clarias gariepinus) spermatozoa. two molecular forms of me are present in herring spermatozoa: an nad-preferring malic enzyme with very high activity and an nadp-specific malic enzyme with much lower activity (ratio about 33:1). nad-preferring me was purified by chromatography on deae-sepharose, red agarose and sephadex g-200 ...201323313742
parallel adaptive evolution of geographically distant herring populations on both sides of the north atlantic ocean.atlantic herring is an excellent species for studying the genetic basis of adaptation in geographically distant populations because of its characteristically large population sizes and low genetic drift. in this study we compared whole-genome resequencing data of atlantic herring populations from both sides of the atlantic ocean. an important finding was the very low degree of genetic differentiation among geographically distant populations (fixation index = 0.026), suggesting lack of reproducti ...201728389569
the empirical bayes estimators of fine-scale population structure in high gene flow species.an empirical bayes (eb) pairwise fst estimator was previously introduced and evaluated for its performance by numerical simulation. in this study, we conducted coalescent simulations and generated genetic population structure mechanistically, and compared the performance of the ebfst with nei's gst , nei and chesser's bias-corrected gst (gst_nc ), weir and cockerham's θ (θwc ) and θ with finite sample correction (θwc_f ). we also introduced eb estimators for hedrick' g'st and jost' d. we applied ...201728241394
oogenesis and reproductive investment of atlantic herring are functions of not only present but long-ago environmental influences as well.following general life history theory, immediate reproductive investment (egg mass × fecundity/body mass) in oviparous teleosts is a consequence of both present and past environmental influences. this clarification questions the frequent use of season-independent (general) fecundity formulas in marine fish recruitment studies based on body metrics only. here we test the underlying assumption of no lag effect on gametogenesis in the planktivorous, determinate-fecundity atlantic herring (clupea ha ...201728223491
ontogenetic loops in habitat use highlight the importance of littoral habitats for early life-stages of oceanic fishes in temperate waters.general concepts of larval fish ecology in temperate oceans predominantly associate dispersal and survival to exogenous mechanisms such as passive drift along ocean currents. however, for tropical reef fish larvae and species in inland freshwater systems behavioural aspects of habitat selection are evidently important components of dispersal. this study is focused on larval atlantic herring (clupea harengus) distribution in a baltic sea retention area, free of lunar tides and directed current re ...201728205543
morphology of the filtration apparatus of three planktivorous fishes and relation with ingested anthropogenic particles.anthropogenic particles (aps), including microplastics, are ingested by a wide variety of marine organisms. exposure of clupeiformes (e.g. herrings, anchovies, sardines) is poorly studied despite their economic and ecological importance. this study aims to describe the morphology of the filtration apparatus of three wild-caught clupeiformes (sardina pilchardus, clupea harengus and engraulis encrasicolus) and to relate the results to ingested aps. consequently, the species with the more efficient ...201728065554
the use of peptide markers of carp and herring allergens as an example of detection of sequenced and non-sequenced proteins.the objective of this study is to identify fish protein markers for detecting multiple species based on a comparative proteomic approach that relies on fragments with identical sequences. the possibilities and challenges of the use of peptides obtained from carp (cyprinus carpio) and herring (clupea harengus) proteins are discussed. a bioinformatic analysis was followed by an lc-ms/ms experiment to identify markers predicting the presence of fish allergenic proteins. selected myosin peptides wer ...201627956857
nad-preferring malic enzyme: localization, regulation and its potential role in herring (clupea harengus) sperm cells.herring spermatozoa exhibit a high activity of nad-preferring malic enzyme (nad-me). this enzyme is involved in the generation of nadh or nadph in the decarboxylation of malate to form pyruvate and requires some divalent cations to express its activity. in order to confirm that nad-me isolated from herring sperm cells is localized in mitochondria, we performed immunofluorescent analysis and assayed spectrophotometrically the malic enzyme reaction. production of polyclonal rabbit antibodies again ...201727630022
marine ecosystem connectivity mediated by migrant-resident interactions and the concomitant cross-system flux of lipids.accumulating research argues that migrants influence the functioning and productivity of local habitats and ecosystems along migration routes and potentially drive cross-system energy fluxes of considerable magnitude, yet empirical documentation of local ecological effects and descriptions of the underlying mechanisms are surprisingly rare. in this study, we discovered migrant-resident interactions and substantial cross-system lipid transportation in the transition zone between the baltic sea an ...201627516865
persistent organic pollutants in baltic herring (clupea harengus)-an aspect of gender.persistent organic pollutants (pops) are monitored regularly in water, sediment, and biota in the baltic sea. lipophilic substances are measured in remarkable concentrations especially in the fatty parts of fish, such as herring (clupea harengus). however, less lipophilic pops, e.g. perfluorinated compounds (pfcs), can also be detected. for the first time to our knowledge, this study provides a broad range of contaminant concentrations simultaneously measured in filet, liver, and gonads of both ...201627226172
the genetic basis for ecological adaptation of the atlantic herring revealed by genome sequencing.ecological adaptation is of major relevance to speciation and sustainable population management, but the underlying genetic factors are typically hard to study in natural populations due to genetic differentiation caused by natural selection being confounded with genetic drift in subdivided populations. here, we use whole genome population sequencing of atlantic and baltic herring to reveal the underlying genetic architecture at an unprecedented detailed resolution for both adaptation to a new n ...201627138043
thermal impacts on the growth, development and ontogeny of critical swimming speed in atlantic herring larvae.increases in swimming ability have a profound influence on larval fish growth and survival by increasing foraging success, predator avoidance and the ability to favorably influence transport. understanding how development and environmental factors combine to influence swimming performance in aquatic organisms is particularly important during the transition from viscous to inertial environments. we measured the growth, development and ontogenetic changes in critical swimming speed (ucrit) in atla ...201626945594
feeding ecology of northeast atlantic mackerel, norwegian spring-spawning herring and blue whiting in the norwegian sea.the norwegian spring-spawning (nss) herring (clupea harengus), blue whiting (micromesistius poutassou) and northeast atlantic (nea) mackerel (scomber scombrus) are extremely abundant pelagic planktivores that feed in the norwegian sea (ns) during spring and summer. this study investigated the feeding ecology and diet composition of these commercially important fish stocks on the basis of biological data, including an extensive set of stomach samples in combination with hydrographical data, zoopl ...201626895485
environmental genotoxicity assessment along the transport routes of chemical munitions leading to the dumping areas in the baltic sea.the frequencies of micronuclei (mn), nuclear buds (nb) and nuclear buds on filament (nbf) were examined in 660 specimens of herring (clupea harengus) collected in 2009-2014 at 65 study stations located mainly along the chemical munition transport routes in the baltic sea. the frequency of nuclear abnormalities was strongly increased in herring caught at four stations located close to chemical munition dumping sites, or cwas - substances (chemical warfare agents) in sediments. significant increas ...201626763319
projected habitat loss for atlantic herring in the baltic sea.projected, climate-driven changes in rainfall patterns are expected to alter the salinity (s) of estuaries and larger brackish water bodies, such as the baltic sea. some marine fish larvae are potentially more sensitive to low salinity than older stages, hence we compared the low salinity tolerance of atlantic herring (clupea harengus) larvae at the individual and population levels including four populations in the north and baltic seas. acute low salinity tolerance was similar (s = 1.9-2.7) acr ...201626724744
correction: latitudinal gradient in otolith shape among local populations of atlantic herring (clupea harengus l.) in norway. 201526698572
characteristics of the norwegian coastal current during years with high recruitment of norwegian spring spawning herring (clupea harengus l.).norwegian spring spawning herring (nssh) clupea harengus l. spawn on coastal banks along the west coast of norway. the larvae are generally transported northward in the norwegian coastal current (ncc) with many individuals utilizing nursery grounds in the barents sea. the recruitment to this stock is highly variable with a few years having exceptionally good recruitment. the principal causes of recruitment variability of this herring population have been elusive. here we undertake an event analy ...201526636759
anthropogenic and naturally produced brominated substances in baltic herring (clupea harengus membras) from two sites in the baltic sea.in the eutrophicated baltic sea, several naturally produced hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (oh-pbdes) have been found in marine biota. oh-pbdes are toxic to adult and developing zebrafish and shown to be potent disruptors of oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos). disturbed oxphos can result in altered energy metabolism and weight loss. in herring, the concentration of oh-pbdes (i.e. 2'-oh-bde68 and 6-oh-bde47) has increased during the period 1980-2010 in the baltic proper. over the sam ...201626613358
investigating the effect of tones and frequency sweeps on the collective behavior of penned herring (clupea harengus).we experimentally played back tones and sweeps to captive herring (clupea harengus) in a net pen and measured the collective response of a large and a small group of fish using a camera, echo sounder, and multibeam sonar. the playbacks ranged in frequency from 160 to 500 hz and 131 to 147 db re 1 μpa in received sound pressure level. herring behavior was scored by a team that blindly evaluated the observations. overall, the responses were modest. stronger reactions were observed at higher source ...201626610983
potential population consequences of active sonar disturbance in atlantic herring: estimating the maximum risk.effects of noise on fish populations may be predicted by the population consequence of acoustic disturbance (pcad) model. we have predicted the potential risk of population disturbance when the highest sound exposure level (sel) at which adult herring do not respond to naval sonar (sel(0)) is exceeded. when the population density is low (feeding), the risk is low even at high sonar source levels and long-duration exercises (>24 h). with densely packed populations (overwintering), a sonar exercis ...201626610962
antioxidative low molecular weight compounds in marinated herring (clupea harengus) salt brine.this study aimed at unravelling the antioxidative capacity of low molecular weight compounds (lmwc) (peptides, amino acids and phenolic acids) present in salt brines from the marinated herring production. brines were fractionated into <10kda fractions using dialysis and further into 94 fractions using size exclusion chromatography. all samples were analysed for protein, total phenolic content (tpc) and antioxidant activities. protein-enriched samples were pooled (p1, p2 and p3) and analysed for ...201626471668
morphological abnormalities in gonads of the baltic herring (clupea harengus membras): description of types and prevalence in the northern baltic sea.due to heavy anthropogenic influence and variation of the environmental conditions in the baltic sea, reproductive disorders are becoming a major environmental concern. we show here an increasing prevalence of gonadal malformations in the baltic herring (clupea harengus membras), a key species of the baltic ecosystem and important in commercial fishery. during 1987-2014, the spawning herring population in the archipelago sea (as) (north baltic sea, finland) was monitored annually and analyzed fo ...201626446509
differences in growth and survival between cod gadus morhua and herring clupea harengus early stages co-reared at variable prey concentrations.it was hypothesized that the survival and growth strategies of herring clupea harengus, displaying a flexible reproductive activity, are adapted to coping with longer periods of prey deprivation (i.e. more variable prey availability), in contrast to cod gadus morhua, which are adapted to match growth and survival at high prey concentrations. experimental larval growth and survival data for the two naturally co-occurring species reared either in separate tanks or in combination are presented to t ...201526412336
historical arctic logbooks provide insights into past diets and climatic responses of cod.gadus morhua (atlantic cod) stocks in the barents sea are currently at levels not seen since the 1950s. causes for the population increase last century, and understanding of whether such large numbers will be maintained in the future, are unclear. to explore this, we digitised and interrogated historical cod catch and diet datasets from the barents sea. seventeen years of catch data and 12 years of prey data spanning 1930-1959 cover unexplored spatial and temporal ranges, and importantly capture ...201526331271
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