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immunocytochemical studies on the pituitary gland of anguilla anguilla l., in relation to early growth stages and diet-induced sex differentiation.mammalian and teleost antisera against pituitary hormones were used to identify and localize pituitary cell types in the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.). the investigation was conducted on unpigmented glass eels of 5.6-6.2 of total body length (l(t)) caught in river mouths, then on yellow eels reared from the pigmented glass eel (or elver) stage up to 12-14 cm of l(t), in an eel farm in warm freshwater. treated elvers were fed with commercial paste food supplemented with mature carp ovaries, ...200312620249
growth differences and growth hormone expression in male and female european eels [anguilla anguilla (l.)].in this study, we examined the growth differences of males and females following a sex reversion, and the growth hormone (gh) expression variation between sexes of european eels [anguilla anguilla (l.)]. a high percentage of females (88%) was found in the group fed with estradiol 17beta compared to the control group (comprised of only 6% female eels), which was defined as the male population. significant differences between growth rate and size were found following 480 days of growth, whereby th ...200313129507
multi-element speciation of metalloproteins in fish tissue using size-exclusion chromatography coupled "on-line" with icp-isotope dilution-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry.an on-line isotope dilution (id) method in combination with the coupling of size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (se-hplc) to an axial inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer (icp-tofms) was applied to the quantitative speciation of cu, zn and cd in carp and eel cytosols. quantitative information on the distribution of essential and toxic metals between the different molecular weight fractions in kidney cytosols of control and cd exposed carp was obtained wit ...200312866883
angiotensin ii-induced inotropism requires an endocardial endothelium-nitric oxide mechanism in the in-vitro heart of anguilla anguilla.using an isolated working heart preparation we show that angiotensin ii (ang ii), at concentrations of 10(-10)-10(-7) mol l(-1), elicits negative chronotropism and inotropism in the freshwater eel anguilla anguilla. the negative inotropism was insensitive to losartan and cgp42112 (at(1) and at(2) ang ii receptor antagonists, respectively), and was abrogated by the at(1) receptor antagonist cv11974, the g protein blocker pertussis toxin (ptx) and the muscarinic antagonist atropine. in contrast, i ...200312819273
expression of two isoforms of the vacuolar-type atpase subunit b in the zebrafish danio rerio.in the present study we tested the hypothesis that two isoforms of the regulatory subunit b of vacuolar-type atpase (v-atpase) are expressed in the zebrafish danio rerio. the complete coding sequences for both isoforms, vatb1 and vatb2, were cloned and sequenced. blastx analysis revealed the greatest similarity to amino acid sequences of b subunits from the european eel anguilla anguilla and rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the isoforms were expressed in a bacterial system and the recombinant ...200312728012
decline of north atlantic eels: a fatal synergy?panmictic species pose particular problems for conservation because their welfare can be addressed effectively only on a global scale. we recently documented by means of microsatellite analysis that the european eel (anguilla anguilla) is not panmictic but instead shows genetic isolation by distance. in this study, we extended the analysis to the american eel (a. rostrata) by applying identical analytical procedures and statistical power. results obtained for the american eel were in sharp contr ...200312713741
induction of erod activity in european eel (anguilla anguilla) experimentally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and beta-naphthoflavone.the induction of liver ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod) activity was investigated in the european eel, anguilla anguilla, collected from a mediterranean brackish environment and experimentally exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) and beta-naphthoflavone (bnf). eels were injected intraperitoneally at increasing doses (0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mg/kg wet body weight) using corn oil as a carrier and sacrificed after 7 days. the main objectives of the present study are: (1). to assess of the sensitivity of ...200312705944
tolerance of chronic hypercapnia by the european eel anguilla anguilla.european eels were exposed for 6 weeks to water co(2) partial pressures (p(co)(2)) from ambient (approx. 0.8 mmhg), through 15+/-1 mmhg and 30+/-1 mmhg to 45+/-1 mmhg in water with a total hardness of 240 mg l(-1) as caco(3), ph 8.2, at 23+/-1 degrees c. arterial plasma p(co)(2) equilibrated at approximately 2 mmhg above water p(co)(2) in all groups, and plasma bicarbonate accumulated up to 72 mmol l(-1) in the group at a water p(co)(2) of 45 mmhg. this was associated with an equimolar loss of p ...200312682103
anguilla anguilla l. antioxidants responses to in situ bleached kraft pulp mill effluent outlet exposure.this study assesses the antioxidant enzymes activities viz., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecule such as glutathione in anguilla anguilla l. gill, kidney and liver in response to 8- and 48-h exposure to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (bkpme). a. anguilla were caged and plunged at three different sites-50 (site 1), 100 (site 2) and 2000 m (site 3) away from the closed bkpme outlet. a significant gill (8 and 48 h) and kidney (48 h) c ...200414987859
cloning of the cdna for thyroid stimulating hormone beta subunit and changes in activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis during silvering of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica.the purposes of this study were: (1) to clone the cdna encoding pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit (tsh beta) of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, together with its genomic dna sequence, for phylogenetic analysis, and to study the regulation of the tsh beta gene expression in cultured pituitaries; and (2) to investigate the transcript levels of pituitary tsh beta mrna and the serum thyroxine profiles at different stages of ovarian development before and during silvering in the ...200414766001
dopamine inhibits luteinizing hormone synthesis and release in the juvenile european eel: a neuroendocrine lock for the onset of puberty.in various adult teleost fishes, lh ovulatory peak is under a dual neurohormonal control that is stimulatory by gnrh and inhibitory by dopamine (da). we investigated whether da could also be involved in the inhibitory control of lh at earlier steps of gametogenesis by studying the model of the european eel, anguilla anguilla, which remains at a prepubertal stage until the oceanic reproductive migration. according to a protocol previously developed in the striped bass, eels received sustained tre ...200415229141
[avoidance of injuries to migrating fish by hydropower and water intake plants].every year numerous downstream migrating fish are lethally injured by hydro power plants and inlet works. especially the katadromous eel (anguilla anguilla) and anadromous species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), which have to migrate downstream into the ocean for closing their life cycle, are highly endangered. due to their specific migratory behavioral pattern, size and morphology conventional protection techniques, like screens do not properly keep them out from getting into the power plan ...200415195958
anguilla anguilla l. genotoxic and liver biotransformation responses to abietic acid exposure.adult eels (anguilla anguilla l.) were exposed for 8, 16, 24, and 72 h to 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 microm abietic acid (aa). genotoxicity was measured as erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ena), as well as dna strand breaks in blood and liver. liver cytochrome p450 (p450) content, liver ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities were determined as biotransformation biomarkers. liver alanine transaminase (alt) activity was also measured as an indication ...200415157574
patterns of infracommunity species richness in eels, anguilla anguilla.between october 1999 and october 2001, a total of 510 european eels anguilla anguilla were captured in 13 different samples from the rivers thames (five locations) and test (one location) in southern england. the relationship between parasite component community species richness (ccr) and maximum infracommunity species richness (icrmax) compared with that previously observed in bird and mammal hosts. specifically, the maximum number of parasite species occurring in infracommunities equalled or e ...200415153286
[an antagonist to gnrh in the control of reproduction in teleost fish: dopaminergic inhibition. ancestral origin and differential conservation within vertebrates?].in mammals, the neurohormonal control of the pituitary gonadotropes is provided by the gonadoliberin gnrh. several studies on teleost fish indicate that a single positive control by gnrh is not a general rule among vertebrates. peter and colleagues presented the first evidence of an inhibitory neurohormonal factor, "grif" (gonadotropin-release inhibiting factor). they induced a preovulatory lh surge by injuring particular brain areas in the goldfish. subsequent in vivo and in vitro studies ident ...200415146957
enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants as an adaptation to phagocyte-induced damage in anguilla anguilla l. following in situ harbor water exposure.anguilla anguilla l. were caged for 8 and 48 h in harbor water of aveiro lagoon, portugal. respiratory burst activity (rba) of peritoneal, head kidney, and gill phagocytes was measured. lipid peroxidation (lpo) was estimated in gill, kidney, and liver. liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, cytochrome p450 (cyt p450) content, and bile metabolites were assayed. various antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione s-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxid ...200415041252
distribution and fate of hbcd and tbbpa brominated flame retardants in north sea estuaries and aquatic food webs.tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) and hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (alpha-, beta/-, and gamma-hbcd) were investigated in effluents from sewage treatment works, landfill leachates, sediments, and food web organisms of the north sea basin. residues were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. both flame retardants were enriched in sewage sludges, where a maximum total (sigma) hbcd concentration of 9.1 mg/kg (dry weight; d.w.) was found; tbbpa was at levels of 102 microg/kg. l ...200415575264
ph regulation and swimbladder function in fish.gas gland cells of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) are specialized for the production and secretion of acidic metabolites. although typically exposed to high oxygen partial pressures, they convert glucose mainly into lactate, but also produce co2 in the pentose phosphate shunt. only a very small fraction of glucose is oxidized via aerobic metabolism. although the buffer capacity of gas gland cells appears to be high, even at low extracellular ph values intracellular ph is always kept about ...200415556101
temporal and spatial patterns of nestedness in eel macroparasite communities.a nested (non-random) species composition was observed among the intestinal macroparasite communities of european eels, anguilla anguilla. nestedness was observed in 8 out of 10 component community samples from the rivers thames and test between april 2000 and october 2001. parasite component communities consisted of mainly generalist and specialist, but also accidental species, and included acanthocephalans, cestodes, nematodes and digeneans. nestedness was observed when component population si ...200415376779
applying dna techniques to the identification of the species of dressed toasted eel products.to differentiate the species of processed eel products, the gene identification of four fresh eel species was first established and the species of eel products collected from markets were investigated. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis were used to determine the genetic variation in a 362-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in four fresh eels including anguilla japonica, anguilla anguilla, anguilla rostrata, and muraenesox cinereus. it was found that each ...200415366851
cloning and developmental expression of the cytochrome p450 aromatase gene (cyp19) in the european eel (anguilla anguilla).to characterize the involvement of the aromatase gene during the process of sex determination in the european eel (anguilla anguilla), the expression of its gonadal form was determined during various developmental stages. the cloned cdna from the european eel gonad (eecyp19) contains an open reading frame of 1539 bp, encoding a deduced protein of 513 residues. the predicted amino acid sequence shows 97% identity with that of the japanese eel, and 59-69% of identity with those of the cyp19 gonada ...200415364210
safety of azamethiphos in eel, seabass and trout.the safety of azamethiphos (aza), an organophosphorous insecticide and the active ingredient of salmosan, was evaluated in the european eel, seabass and rainbow trout. fish were bathed in 0.1 ppm aza for a period of 60, 120 or 240 min. after termination of each treatment fish were transferred to clean aquaria and randomly sampled over 21 days. compared to controls, brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) was inhibited up to 44, 56 and 62% in eels, seabass and trout, respectively, with the inhibition b ...200414643697
anguilla anguilla l. plasma cortisol, lactate and glucose responses to abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid and retene.anguilla anguilla l. were exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 microm abietic (aa), dehydroabietic (dhaa) acids and retene (re) during 8, 16, 24 and 72 h. the eels plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate were measured. a significant decrease in plasma cortisol was observed at 72 h exposure to 0.9 and 2.7 microm re. dhaa (0.1 microm) significantly decreased plasma cortisol in eels after 8 and 24 h exposure. however, a significant plasma cortisol increase was found after 16 h, 2.7 microm aa exposure a ...200414592577
genotoxic and biochemical responses in caged eel (anguilla anguilla l.) after short-term exposure to harbour waters.european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) were caged and exposed in situ for 8 and 48 h to the aveiro offward fishing harbour water (hw) and to clean seawater under laboratory conditions (control). eel liver biotransformation (phase i) was measured as ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, cytochrome p450 (p450) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity (phase ii). genotoxic responses were determined as blood, liver and kidney dna strand breaks as well as erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities ( ...200414592569
structure and glycosylation of the term yolk sac placenta and uterine attachment site in the viviparous shark mustelus canis.the viviparous shark mustelus canis nurtures its young within the uterus by means of a modified yolk sac which functions as a placenta. two term specimens have been examined with a panel of 21 biotinylated lectins to assess whether glycans form a prominent interface between fetal and maternal tissues as in their therian counterparts. the yolk sac placenta was lined by a thin egg envelope which apposed though did not make contact with the uterine epithelium, and expressed fucosyl, n-acetyl glucos ...200415451197
functional recovery and axonal growth following spinal cord transection is accelerated by sustained l-dopa administration.the eel, anguilla anguilla, as with other fish species, recovers well from spinal cord injury. we assessed the quality of locomotion of spinally transected eels from measurements made from video recordings of individuals swimming at different speeds in a water tunnel. following transection of the spinal cord just caudal to the anus, the animals displayed higher tail beat frequencies and lower tail beat amplitudes than before surgery, owing to the loss of power in this region. swimming performanc ...200415450079
magnetic sense in the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, as determined by conditioning and electrocardiography.magnetosensitivity of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, was examined by conditioning and electrocardiography. marine eels, river eels and farmed eels were conditioned to an imposed magnetic field ranging from 12,663 nt to 192,473 nt parallel to the fish body, which was placed along the earth's west-east axis. electrocardiograms were recorded with electrodes placed close to the fish body inside a pvc pipe shelter. after 10-40 conditioning runs, all the eels exhibited a significant conditioned ...200415277551
cardiac morphodynamic remodelling in the growing eel (anguilla anguilla l.).the morphodynamic changes occurring during growth were evaluated in the eel (anguilla anguilla l.) heart. using an in vitro working heart preparation, cardiac performance of small (body mass 96.76 +/- 27.49 g; mean +/- s.d.) and large (body mass 656 +/- 12 g; mean +/- s.d.) eels was compared under basal conditions and under loading (i.e. preload and afterload) challenges. a parallel morphometric evaluation of the ventricle was made using light and transmission electron microscope images. the sma ...200415235015
accumulation and distribution of platinum and rhodium in the european eel anguilla anguilla following aqueous exposure to metal salts.the platinum group metals (pgm) pt and rh are emitted into the environment mainly by catalytic exhaust gas converters of cars and by effluents of hospitals, which use pt based anti-cancer drugs. however, there is still a lack of information on the availability of these precious metals to the biosphere. as pgm accumulate in sediments of aquatic ecosystems we focused our study on the uptake of the noble metals by european eels, anguilla anguilla. therefore, eels were exposed in tap water and humic ...200414568719
heavy metals in fish (solea vulgaris, anguilla anguilla and liza aurata) from salt marshes on the southern atlantic coast of spain.comparisons were made of metal concentrations in water and sediment with those in the muscle and livers of three species of fish caught in four seawater reservoirs (two in the odiel estuary and two in the bay of cádiz). the concentrations of a large number of metals in the water, sediment and fish were higher in the odiel reservoirs than in those in cádiz. we found high metal-enrichment factors in the livers as compared to muscle (over 100 for fe and cu and around 5 for zn, ni, cd and pb). the t ...200414592572
vitellogenin content in european eel (anguilla anguilla) in flanders, belgium.as part of a large-scale monitoring program of bioaccumulating contaminants in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) in flanders (belgium), we investigated potential effects of xenoestrogens in these fish. the present paper describes the results of the plasma vitellogenin (vtg) content, measured in 142 eels sampled at 20 different locations, in relation to the internal pollution levels. to validate the blood vtg assays, a small number of eels (n=8) was exposed to 10 microg ethinylestradiol/l (ee2 ...200414720478
characterization of sugar binding by osteoclast inhibitory lectin.osteoclast inhibitory lectin (ocil) is a membrane-bound c-type lectin that blocks osteoclast differentiation and, via binding to its cognate receptor nkrp1d, inhibits natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ocil is a member of the natural killer cell receptor c-type lectin group that includes cd69 and nkrp1d. we investigated carbohydrate binding of soluble recombinant human and mouse ocil in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assays. ocil bound immobilized high molecular weight sulfated ...200415123656
ellipsomyxa gobii (myxozoa: ceratomyxidae) in the common goby pomatoschistus microps (teleostei: gobiidae) uses nereis spp. (annelida: polychaeta) as invertebrate hosts.nereis diversicolor o.f. müller and n. succinea frey et leuckart (polychaeta, nereidae) living in brackish shallow areas in denmark are naturally infected with tetractinomyxon actinospores. infected nereis spp. were experimentally fed to various potential fish hosts, and the actinosporean stages developed into myxosporean stages of ellipsomyxa gobii køie, 2003 (ceratomyxidae) in the gallbladder of the common goby pomatoschistus microps (krøyer) (gobiidae). the european eel anguilla anguilla (l.) ...200415139372
comparative study of x-ray computerised tomography and conventional x-ray methods in diagnosis of swimbladder infection in eels caused by anguillicola crassus.to date, swimbladder lesions due to anguillicola crassus infection of the european eel anguilla anguilla have so far been studied only by conventional x-ray methods. this is the first study to report the use of computerised tomography (ct) for studying lesions induced by anguillicolosis. of 50 eels caught by electrofishery from lake balaton, hungary, in autumn 2002 and pre-selected by a conventional x-ray method, 22 specimens were examined with a siemens somatom plus s40 spiral ct scanner. tomog ...200415109137
application of an immunoperoxidase staining method for detection of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of chemical-induced oxidative stress in marine organisms.7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dg) is a typical modification of dna caused by oxygen free radicals and can be an useful biomarker for pollutants inducing oxidative stress. an immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibody 1f7 toward 8-oxo-dg was applied to tissues and smeared cells of marine organisms for detection and quantification of oxidative dna damage in such models. the assay, previously employed on human cells, was assessed for the first time on mediterranean mussels (mytilus ...200415019248
individual and combined effects of cadmium and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) on the humoral immune response in european eel (anguilla anguilla) experimentally infected with larvae of anguillicola crassus (nematoda).the individual and combined effects of cadmium (cd) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) on the antibody response of fish against metazoan parasites were tested. eels experimentally infected with the swim bladder nematode anguillicola crassus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cd and pcb 126. cd was added to the water resulting in an effective concentration of 21.7 +/- 12.8 microg/l (mean +/- s.d.). pcb 126 was applied orally at a dose of approximately 100 ng pcb 126 per g body ...200415151150
effects of fish stocking on ecosystem services: an overview and case study using the stockholm archipelago.in this article, we focus on documented and possible effects of fish stocking in terms of ecosystem services. the increasing use of fish stocking between 1970 and 2000 in the semiurban setting of stockholm archipelago, sweden, is used as case study. the objective is to analyze this management practice from an ecosystem perspective, accounting for both the ecological and social context of releasing fish. the results show that enhancements of four native species (salmo s. trutta, salmo salar, stiz ...200415156349
differential expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit in gonads during sex reversal of orange-spotted and red-spotted groupers.we have cloned and characterized the full-length cdna encoding thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (tshbeta) from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides. it contains 913 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 146 amino acids with a 20 amino acid signal peptide. the grouper mature tshbeta has 75, 70, 61, 59, 41, 42 and 40% identities to that of rainbow trout, atlantic salmon, zebrafish, european eel, chicken, mouse and human, respectively. rt-pcr analysis indicated that the tsh ...200415196702
lectinochemical studies on the affinity of anguilla anguilla agglutinin for mammalian glycotopes.anguilla anguilla agglutinin (aaa) is a fucose-specific lectin found in the serum of the fresh water eel. it is suggested to be associated with innate immunity by recognizing disease-associated cell surface glycans, and has been widely used as a reagent in hematology and glycobiology. in order to gain a better understanding of aaa for further applications, it is necessary to elucidate its binding profile with mammalian glycotopes. we, therefore, analyzed the detailed carbohydrate specificity of ...200415207656
delineation of the conserved functional properties of d1a, d1b and d1c dopamine receptor subtypes in vertebrates.the three main subtypes of dopamine d(1) receptor (d(1a), d(1b) and d(1c)) subtypes found in most vertebrate groups were generated by two major steps of gene duplications, early in evolution. to identify the functional characteristics contributing to conservation of these paralogous d(1) receptors in vertebrates, the pharmacological and functional properties of fish (anguilla anguilla), amphibian (xenopus laevis) and human receptors were systematically analysed in transfected cells. the ligand-b ...200415207908
[sounds recorded in salt marshes and attributed to the european eel].the sounds were recorded in coastal ponds off the french atlantic coast. they are characterized by continuous series of regularly spaced sounds, each sound being composed of one to four pulses of 7.8-ms duration. the main frequencies of these sounds are under 350 hz. due to the special characteristics of these sounds, their temporal patterning, their coastal pond provenance and their close similarity to sounds made by the american eel (anguilla rostrata), we attribute them to the european eel (a ...200415212367
responses of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) in two polluted environments: in situ experiments.european eels (anguilla anguilla l.) were caged for 8 and 48 h in two polluted areas to assess the contamination cleanup process in the vouga river 2 years after the official closing of a bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (bkpme; experiment 1), and to monitor the effects induced by contaminated offward fishing harbor waters (experiment 2). plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate were evaluated as stress responses. in experiment 1, plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate increased after 8 h of exposu ...200415223262
prediction of 3-d structures of fucose-binding proteins and structural analysis of their interaction with ligands.the importance of fucose-binding proteins stems from the presence of fucose as terminal sugars in h and lewis (a) blood groups. recently, the structure of a complex between anguilla anguilla agglutinin (aaa) and alpha-l-fucose has been worked out at 1.9 a resolution. the structure of aaa characterizes the novel fold of an entire lectin family. in the present study, molecular modeling techniques have been used to identify new proteins that can provide a similar fucose binding module in the newly ...200415454693
influence of anguillicola crassus (nematoda) and ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora) on swimming activity of european eel anguilla anguilla.we investigated the swimming activity of 70 european eels anguilla anguilla in relation to natural infection with 2 parasite species: the eel-specific swimbladder nematode anguillicola crassus and the non-specific skin and gill protozoan ichthyophthirius multifiliis. we measured how long individual eels exposed to a water current in a swimming channel with a steady-stream profile could withstand the water current. the parasites affected the swimming behaviour of eels in different ways. the maxim ...200415460857
utilization of brown trout salmo trutta by acanthocephalus clavula in an irish lake: is this evidence of a host shift?the population biology of the fish acanthocephalan acanthocephalus clavula was described from 161 wild brown trout, salmo trutta sampled over a two-year period in clogher lake in the west of ireland. overall prevalence of the parasite was 86% and the mean abundance was 53 worms per fish. despite the presence of large numbers of worms in the trout very few females (2%) attained full reproductive maturity. this suggests that trout is an accidental host. a sample of yellow eels, anguilla anguilla w ...200415469621
influence of vasostatins, the chromogranin a-derived peptides, on the working heart of the eel (anguilla anguilla): negative inotropy and mechanism of action.we have studied the effects of exogenous human recombinant vasostatin-1 (vs-1), vasostatin-2 (vs-2) and the human chromogranin a (cga) 7-57 synthetic peptides on the mechanical performance of the isolated and perfused working eel (anguilla anguilla) heart. under basal conditions, the three peptides decreased stroke volume (sv) and stroke work (sw), thus exerting negative inotropism. the vs-1-mediated negative inotropism was abolished by exposure to inhibitors of either gi/o protein (pertussis to ...200415474532
heavy metal contamination of european eel (anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in wild ecosystems in spain.in this study we analyzed the pattern of copper (cu), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and mercury (hg) accumulation in liver (as a detoxifying organ) and muscle (as the most important tissue for human consumption) of brown trout (salmo trutta) and european eel (anguilla anguilla) caught in two wild spanish rivers where both species are usually angled for human consumption. cd, pb, and cu accumulated preferentially in the liver of both species. hg accumulated both in the liver and muscle in brown trout, ...200415508654
differences in susceptibility of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and the japanese eel (anguilla japonica) to the swim-bladder nematode anguillicola crassus.the swim-bladder nematode anguillicola crassus originates from the far east where it is a parasite of the japanese eel (anguilla japonica). after a. crassus was introduced to europe, it became a predominant parasite of the european eel (anguilla anguilla). a study performed with experimentally infected eels (98 days, 23 degrees c) revealed significant differences in the susceptibility of the two eel species to this parasite. the recovery rate of 30 administered infective a. crassus larvae (l3) f ...200415521638
[seasonal dynamics of the component community structure of parasites of the minnow phoxinus phoxinus (l.)].the material represented by 75 specimens of minnow of the age 2-2(+) was collected according to the standard technique in the chovju river (tributary of the vychegda river, a region of the settlement nizniy chov, district of syktyvkar town) during the period june-september 2000. the quantitative estimation of the structure of the component parasite communities was performed by calculating errors of the equation of regression for each species group separately, with subsequent summarizing of means ...200415553771
characterisation and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in a primitive teleost, the eel, anguilla anguilla and comparison with calcitonin.radioimmunoassay (ria), radioreceptor assay and chromatography were used to study the occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in a primitive teleost, the eel, anguilla anguilla. immunologically and biologically active cgrp-like molecules were found in brain, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and ultimobranchial body with the higher concentrations in brain, spleen and heart. gel exclusion chromatography of heart and spleen extracts followed by sds-page showed that the eel cgrp-like molecu ...200414700750
anguillicolosis: dynamics of the infection over two decades.the dynamics of the infection of the european eel anguilla anguilla l. by the asian nematode anguillicola crassus kuwahara, niimi and itagaki, 1974 (i.e. anguillicolosis) was monitored over 2 decades in an oligohaline canal in southern france (camargue, mediterranean coast). since the first mention of the parasite in this canal in 1985, which was also the first record in france, prevalence of pre-adult and adult forms has risen from 32 to 73%. however, during the last 7 yr (1997 to 2003), preval ...200415672878
qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus salaris into the united kingdom.gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on which it generally causes no clinical disease. infection of other strains of atlantic salmon in norway has resulted in high levels of juvenile salmon mortality and highly significant reductions in the population. the parasite is a major exotic disease threat to wild atlantic salmon in the uk. this paper qualitatively assesses the risk of introduction and establishment of g. salaris i ...200415648837
induction of cytochrome p4501a and biliary pah metabolites in european eel anguilla anguilla: seasonal, dose- and time-response variability in field and laboratory conditions.induction of cytochrome p4501a in fish is a well-known indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and determination of pah metabolites in bile by fixed wavelength fluorescence (ff) or synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (sfs), has become an useful method in monitoring programs. in this work the relationship between cytochrome p4501a (erod activity) and levels of biliary pah metabolites was measured in the european eel anguilla anguilla, in both field and laboratory condit ...200415178075
nematodes of the intestine and swimbladder of the european eel anguilla anguilla (l.) ascending pomeranian rivers.the study focused on the eel (length and weight averaging 23.1 cm and 13.7 g, respectively) ascending pomeranian rivers in summers of 1999 - 2003. the swim bladder was examined in 322 individuals, the intestine being examined in 272 fish. anguillicola crassus was present in the swim bladder of 184 fish. infection prevalence varied between the rivers, the highest prevalence being recorded in the eel caught in the radew (65.6%) and the lowest in the wieprza (41.7%). the intensity of infection was ...200416892600
helminth communities of european eels anguilla anguilla (linnaeus, 1758) from the vistula lagoon and puck bay, poland.within 2001-2002 a total of 621 eel anguilla anguilla (l., 1758) (488 from the vistula lagoon and 133 from the puck bay) were examined. fifteen parasite taxa were recovered: pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (yin et sproston, 1948), brachyphallus crenatus (rudolphi, 1802), deropristis inflata (molin, 1859), diplostomum spp., bothriocephalus claviceps (goeze, 1782), proteocephalus macrocephalus (creplin, 1825), anguillicola crassus (kuwahara, niimi et itagaki, 1974), camallanus lacustris (zoega, 1776) ...200516838624
epidemiology of anguillicola crassus in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) from two rivers in southern england.european eels anguilla anguilla from the rivers thames and test, in the south of england, were examined between 2000 and 2003 for infection with the swim-bladder nematode anguillicola crassus. since its introduction to thames eels at tidal estuarine locations circa 1987, a. crassus has become established in non-tidal freshwater stretches upriver and data from these locations are reported for the first time. the prevalence of infection at thames estuary locations was higher during 2000-2003 than ...200515977905
physiological responses to acute temperature increase in european eels anguilla anguilla infected with anguillicola crassus.the swimbladder parasite, anguillicola crassus has infected, and spread rapidly, through european eel anguilla anguilla (l.) populations over the past 20 to 25 yr. our aim in the present studies was to elucidate whether the presence of a. crassus in these eels alters their rapid physiological responses to an acute temperature increase, compared to the response of uninfected fish. both infected and uninfected fish showed significant increases in plasma cortisol after 2 h at a raised environmental ...200515997820
stable isotope analyses provide new insights into ecological plasticity in a mixohaline population of european eel.recent studies have shown that anguillid eel populations in habitats spanning the marine-freshwater ecotone can display extreme plasticity in the range of catadromy expressed by individual fishes. carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis was used to differentiate between european eels (anguilla anguilla) collected along a short (2 km) salinity gradient ranging from <1 per thousand to approximately 30 per thousand in lough ahalia, a tidal atlantic lake system. significant differences were reco ...200516025352
european eels, anguilla anguilla (l.), infected with anguillicola crassus exhibit a more pronounced stress response to severe hypoxia than uninfected eels.the parasite, anguillicola crassus is a non-native species that infects naive european eels, anguilla anguilla, and causes pathological damage to the swimbladder, potentially compromising their ability to cope with hypoxic conditions. this study aimed to elucidate whether anguillicolosis exacerbates the stress responses to exposure to hypoxic water, conditions that have been implicated in mass mortalities of wild infected european eels. blood parameters in infected and uninfected eels were measu ...200516083448
anguilla anguilla l. oxidative stress biomarkers responses to copper exposure with or without beta-naphthoflavone pre-exposure.the redox cycling of heavy metals as well as their interactions with organic pollutants is a major contributor to the oxidative stress resulting from aquatic pollution. therefore, in order to evaluate beta-naphthoflavone (bnf), cu and bnf/cu-induced oxidative stress with single and subsequent exposures, research was carried out in european eel (anguilla anguilla l.). eel gill and kidney oxidative stress biomarker responses such as lipid peroxidation (lpo), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), catalase ...200516168750
the selective expression of distinct fucosylated glycoproteins on murine t and b lymphocyte subsets.the putative expression of distinct terminally fucosylated glycoconjugates among murine lymphocyte subpopulations was sought using ulex europaeus agglutinin-i (uea-i) and anguilla anguilla agglutinin (aaa), each with a distinctive primary binding preference to type ii and type i blood group h oligosaccharide determinants, respectively. in newly born and adult mice, direct labeling of isolated lymphocyte subsets in suspension, as well as immunohistochemical assays were indicative of the age-regul ...200516323706
regulation of expression of two aquaporin homologs in the intestine of the european eel: effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment.complementary dnas encoding homologs of the mammalian aquaglyceroporins (termed aqpe) and aquaporin-1 isoforms (termed aqp1) were isolated from the european eel. the aqp amino acid sequences share 35-54% identity with other known human aqps. although aqpe mrna expression was approximately equivalent along the entire length of the gut, aqp1 expression was the highest in the posterior/rectal segment. seawater (sw) acclimation increased aqp1 mrna abundance by 5- and 17-fold in the anterior, 14- and ...200515650119
anguillicola papernai (nematoda: anguillicolidae) and other helminths parasitizing the african longfin eel anguilla mossambica.the swim bladder nematode anguillicola papernai moravec & taraschewski, 1988 has been investigated as regards its occurrence in longfin eels anguilla mossambica (peters) in rivers in south africa. a. papernai revealed a prevalence of around 50% and a mean intensity of about 6 adult worms at 1 sampling site but were less abundant in 3 others. field observations suggest a more narrow habitat preference than that of anguillicola crassus and a seasonal pattern of abundance. african longfin eels harb ...200515819434
sandwich immunoassay for determination of vitellogenin in golden grey mullet (liza aurata) serum as a field exposure biomarker.vitellogenin (vtg) is a protein produced in the liver of oviparous animals in response to oestrogens. abnormal production of vtg by males, therefore, is used as a biological indicator of exposure to xeno-oestrogens. in this study, a sandwich-elisa for measuring vtg in liza aurata (golden grey mullet) was developed and validated. plasma vtg was purified from 17beta-oestradiol-injected immature individuals of mullet, by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. polyclonal antibodies against ...200515756602
physiological and genetic responses of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) to short-term chromium or copper exposure-influence of preexposure to a pah-like compound.anguilla anguilla l. (european eel) was exposed for 24 h to chromium (cr-100 microm and 1 mm) or copper (cu-1 and 2.5 microm), with or without a 24-h preexposure to beta-naphthoflavone (bnf-2.7 microm), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-like compound, simulating sequential exposure to pahs and heavy metals. plasma cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), free triiodothyronine (t3), and free thyroxine (t4) were determined in order to assess the effects on endocrine function. plasma gluc ...200515712285
immunofluorescent detection of 8-oxo-dg and pah bulky adducts in fish liver and mussel digestive gland.development of methodologies to detect dna damage induced by pollutants is of increasing concern in marine ecotoxicology. we previously described an immunoperoxidase method for revealing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dg) in marine organisms. in this work, the approach was extended to immunofluorescence detection and to the use of another antibody for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-dna adducts. specimens of european eel (anguilla anguilla) and mediterranean mussel (mytilus gallopr ...200515710481
long-term investigation of the composition and richness of intestinal helminth communities in the stocked population of eel, anguilla anguilla, in neusiedler see, austria.data from a long-term study of the intestinal helminth parasite community of eels, anguilla anguilla, stocked into the shallow eutrophic neusiedler see, austria, were collected over an 8 year period (1994-2001). in total, 720 eels from 2 sampling sites were examined. the parasite community showed characteristics similar to those in the natural eel populations in rivers of the uk and mainland europe: it was species poor, with only 5 species (acanthocephalus lucii, acanthocephalus anguillae, raphi ...200515727068
occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria in two european eel farms.the occurrence of strains that are resistant to oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and nitrofurantoin among heterotrophic bacteria, including human and fish pathogens, in two freshwater eel farms was investigated. high levels of individual- and multiple-drug-resistant bacteria were detected, although sampling events were not correlated with clinical outbreaks and drug therapy.200515933039
accumulation of the precious metals platinum, palladium and rhodium from automobile catalytic converters in paratenuisentis ambiguus as compared with its fish host, anguilla anguilla.the platinum group metals (pgm) pt, pd and rh are emitted into the environment mainly by catalytic exhaust gas converters of cars. as pgm accumulate in sediments of aquatic ecosystems, the study was focused on the uptake of the noble metals by european eels, anguilla anguilla infected with the acanthocephalan paratenuisentis ambiguus. eels were exposed to ground catalytic converter material for six weeks. after exposure pt and pd were detected in the liver and kidney of the eels and in the paras ...200515831118
genetic population structure of fishes: implications for coastal zone management.the pattern for distribution of genetic variation within and between populations is referred to as the genetic population structure of the species. to avoid depletion of genetic resources sustainable management should be based on knowledge of this structure. we discuss key aspects of genetic population structure in the context of identifying biological units for fisheries management, suggesting three basic types of structuring: distinct populations; continuous change; and no differentiation. the ...200515865307
the catadromous european eel anguilla anguilla (l.) as a model for freshwater evolutionary ecotoxicology: relationship between heavy metal bioaccumulation, condition and genetic variability.understanding the effects of pollutants on the genome is of crucial importance to preserve the evolutionary potential of endangered natural populations. the highly vagile european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) has suffered a dramatic decline in recruitment since two decades, urging for a better understanding of the genetic impact of pollution. its catadromous life history constitutes a model to assess local selection of pollutants on condition and genetic variability, as juveniles recruit in europe ...200515892996
radiodiagnostic method for studying the dynamics of anguillicola crassus (nematoda: dracunculoidea) infection and pathological status of the swimbladder in lake balaton eels.swimbladder changes resulting from anguillicola crassus infection of the european eel anguilla anguilla have been the subject of several studies reported in the literature. these investigations, however, studied exclusively the status of infection at a given point in time and did not deal with changes in swimbladder infection in eels suffering from anguillicolosis over a period of time. in this study, a. crassus-induced pathological changes were monitored in 78 eels naturally infected in lake ba ...200515900688
enterotoxin/guanylin receptor type guanylyl cyclases in non-mammalian vertebrates.cyclic gmp is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger produced by guanylyl cyclases (gcs). the enterotoxin/guanylin receptor type membrane gc (designated as gc-c in mammals) is activated by exogenous ligands such as heat-stable enterotoxins (sta), small peptides secreted by some pathogenic strains of escherichia coli which cause severe secretory diarrhea and also activated by endogenous ligands such as guanylin and uroguanylin. the sta/guanylin receptor type membrane gc, as well as other typ ...200515930822
dynamics and predicted decline of anguillicola crassus infection in european eels, anguilla anguilla, in neusiedler see, austria.the eel population in neusiedler see has been maintained by regular massive stocking since 1958. after the establishment of the national park neusiedler see-seewinkel in 1993, eel stocking was prohibited and the population, together with the specific parasites of eels, was predicted to decline to extinction within 10 years. this investigation was undertaken to document the decline and extinction of the anguillicola crassus population in eels. from 1994 to 2001, 720 eels were collected from two s ...200515946398
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and organohalogen pollutants in liver of three freshwater fish species in flanders (belgium): relationships with biochemical and organismal effects.a perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (pfos) assessment was conducted on gibel carp (carassius auratus gibelio), carp (cyprinus carpio), and eel (anguilla anguilla) in flanders (belgium). the liver pfos concentrations in fish from the ieperlee canal (boezinge, 250-9031 ng/g wet weight, respectively) and the blokkersdijk pond (antwerp, 633-1822 ng/g wet weight) were higher than at the zuun basin (sint-pieters-leeuw, 11.2-162 ng/g wet weight) and among the highest in feral fish worldwide. eel from the o ...200515963371
bioaccumulation and the effects of organochlorine pesticides, pah and heavy metals in the eel (anguilla anguilla) at the camargue nature reserve, france.pesticides (organochlorines-oc), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and heavy metals are toxic to fish and may be taken in through gills, skin and contaminated foods. here we measure concentrations of oc, pah and heavy metals, and their effects in the eel anguilla anguilla from three locations in the camargue reserve in southern france. the camargue biosphere reserve is the largest coastal wetland in western europe, and a. anguilla is a common predator at the top of the food chain. livers an ...200515967515
endocrine and metabolic changes in anguilla anguilla l. following exposure to beta-naphthoflavone--a microsomal enzyme inducer.anguilla anguilla l. were exposed during 24 and 48 h to 2.7 mum beta-naphthoflavone (bnf), a known microsomal enzyme inducer. the bnf effects on thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), free triiodothyronine (t3), free thyroxine (t4) and cortisol plasma levels were investigated. alterations on plasma glucose and lactate levels were also measured as an indication of energy-mobilizing hormones alterations. bnf showed to be able to decrease significantly a. anguilla plasma t4 levels, whereas tsh, t3 and ...200515607783
physiological basis for large differences in resistance to nitrite among freshwater and freshwater-acclimated euryhaline fishes.uptake of environmental no2- by most freshwater fishes occurs at the gills where no2- is actively transported into the blood by the cl- uptake pathway. some freshwater fishes do not concentrate no2- in their plasma, regardless of environmental no2- exposure and exhibit a high degree of resistance to no2-. recent studies indicate that freshwater-adapted killifish (fundulidae: fundulus heteroclitus) and european eel (anguillidae: anguilla anguilla) have no or minimal cl- uptake activity at the gil ...200515667081
anguilla anguilla l. liver erod induction and genotoxic responses after retene exposure.anguilla anguilla l. (european eel) were exposed for 8, 16, 24, and 72 h to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 microm retene. a. anguilla l. liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase erod activity significantly increased during the whole exposure period to all retene concentrations, when compared to their controls. the liver cytochrome p450 content only increased after exposure to high retene concentrations (0.9 and 2.7 microm) from 8 to 24 and 72 h, respectively. generally, liver dna integrity decrea ...200515883094
a quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for european eel tyrosine hydroxylase.dopamine (da) plays a key inhibitory role in pubertal development of the european eel, but how daergic neuronal activity is regulated is not known in this species. in order to investigate the regulation of da inhibition at the molecular level, we developed a quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrtrt-pcr) assay, using the light cycler system, for the expression of eel tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. two different reference genes were compared: the pre ...200515862557
eel migration to the sargasso: remarkably high swimming efficiency and low energy costs.one of the mysteries of the animal kingdom is the long-distance migration (5000-6000 km) of the european eel anguilla anguilla l. from the coasts of europe to its spawning grounds in the sargasso sea. the only evidence for the location of the spawning site of the european eel in the sargasso sea is the discovery by johannes schmidt at the beginning of the previous century of the smallest eel larvae (leptocephali) near the sargasso sea. for years it has been questioned whether the fasting eels ha ...200515781893
seasonal variability of metallothioneins, cytochrome p450, bile metabolites and oxyradical metabolism in the european eel anguilla anguilla l. (anguillidae) and striped mullet mugil cephalus l. (mugilidae).the european eel anguilla anguilla (anguillidae) and the striped mullet mugil cephalus (mugilidae) are typical inhabitants of mediterranean brackish lagoons, and their utility as bioindicator organisms has already been suggested. the seasonal variability of several potential biomarkers was investigated during a field study carried out in the orbetello lagoon (tuscany, italy). organisms were sampled on a seasonal basis, and analyzed parameters included the levels of hepatic metallothioneins, the ...200515942813
histochemical analysis of glycoconjugate secretion in the alimentary canal of anguilla anguilla l.conventional histochemical methods as well as lectin-binding techniques were used to study glycoconjugates that are present in the alimentary canal of the european eel (anguilla anguilla). specimens from pharynx, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were collected from adult ("silver eel" stage) females. alcian blue ph 2.5/pas and high iron diamine/alcian blue ph 2.5 reactions were performed to stain neutral and acidic glycoconjugates. in addition, lectin histochemistry was applied to identify acid ...200515707657
endocrine control of anguilla anguilla glass eel dispersal: effect of thyroid hormones on locomotor activity and rheotactic behavior.dispersal, one of the most important processes in population ecology, is an issue linking physiological and behavioral features. however, the endocrine control of animal dispersal remains poorly understood. here, we tested whether and how thyroid hormones may influence dispersal in glass eels of anguilla anguilla, by testing their influence on locomotor activity and rheotactic behavior. glass eels were caught during their estuarine migration and treated by immersion in either a l-thyroxine (t(4) ...200515919385
brain expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and its regulation by steroid hormones in the european eel quantified by real-time pcr.in the eel, dopamine inhibits pubertal development. to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved, we developed a quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for measurement of brain expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of dopamine. th expression was highest in the olfactory bulb, followed by the di-/mesencephalic areas and the telencephalon/preoptic area. th expression in the optic lobes and hindbrain was low or below the detection limit. in vivo tre ...200515891106
effect of cortisol on aquaporin expression in the esophagus of the european eel, anguilla anguilla.long-term cortisol infusion into freshwater (fw)-adapted eels induced a significant increase in aquaporin-1 (aqp1) mrna expression within the esophageal epithelium of migratory "silver" eels, but not in nonmigratory, immature "yellow" eels. cortisol treatment had no significant effect on the mrna abundance of a second aquaporin-1 isoform, termed aqp1dup, which exhibited a highly variable expression profile among individual members of all fish groups. these results suggest that cortisol, at plasm ...200515891071
dopaminergic inhibition of reproduction in teleost fishes: ecophysiological and evolutionary implications.in many teleosts, dopamine (da) exerts direct inhibitory control on gonadotropes, counteracting the stimulatory effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) on gonadotropin release. this dual control by gnrh and da has been demonstrated in various adult teleosts and has major implications for aquaculture. because of its unique life cycle, the european eel has provided a powerful model for demonstrating the key role of da in the control of puberty. data from tetrapods suggest that the inhibito ...200515891002
a model for the upstream motion of elvers in the adour river.the aim of this paper is contributing to the study of the exploitation of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) in the basin of the french river 'adour'. this exploitation constitutes the basis of the economy of local professional fishermen, who have recently noticed a diminution of the hunting of elvers. in order to design a sustainable exploitation strategy, we must know as much as possible about eel life cycle. for that purpose, we build a model to describe a phase of eels evolution, their mig ...200515861824
cloning and expression of three aquaporin homologues from the european eel (anguilla anguilla): effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment on renal expression.the european eel (anguilla anguilla) is able to osmoregulate over a wide range of environmental salinities from fw (freshwater) to hyperconcentrated sw (seawater). successful acclimation is associated with strict regulation of ion and water transport pathways within key osmoregulatory epithelia to enable animals to survive the dehydrating or oedematous conditions. these observations suggested that homologues of the aqp (aquaporin) water channel family were expressed in the eel and that these pro ...200515850452
in vitro effect of hydrostatic pressure exposure on hydroxyl radical production in fish red muscle.the effects of hydrostatic pressure on reactive oxygen species (ros) production have been studied in vitro on fish red muscle fibres. in the eel, anguilla anguilla, previous studies have shown that hydrostatic pressure acclimatization improves oxidative phosphorylation efficiency together with a supposed concomitant decrease in electron leak and ros production. in order to test the hypothesis of an electron leak decrease under pressure, hydroxyl radical (ho*) production and oxygen consumption we ...200515829108
two sites for gtp binding in cathodic haemoglobins from anguilliformes.cathodic haemoglobins of four species of anguilliform fish were characterized from a functional point of view, with special regard to the interaction with their physiological effectors. a series of oxygen-binding experiments at increasing gtp concentrations was carried out in order to compare gtp-binding activities in the absence and presence of saturating amounts of chloride. the results indicated that the cathodic haemoglobin of three species (anguilla anguilla, conger conger and muraena helen ...200516019246
cryopreservation of european eel (anguilla anguilla) sperm using different extenders and cryoprotectants. short communication.experiments were carried out on the sperm cryopreservation of artificially induced eels. the effects of several extenders and two cryoprotectants on the motility of spermatozoa were investigated. the highest post-thaw motility was observed with the combination of tanaka's extender and dmso as cryoprotectant. further dilution after thawing resulted in complete loss of motility in samples frozen in presence of dmso while sperm frozen with methanol as cryoprotectant retained its motility after furt ...200515813226
the testis histology of artificially maturated european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) at the end of sexual maturation, and spermatozoa ultrastructure in freshwater rearing. short communication.the artificial induction of sexual maturation of european eel males was carried out by using weekly hcg administrations. histological pictures showed that the testis tissues developed and regressed naturally and no pathological changes took place under the conditions of artificial rearing in freshwater. according to light and electron microscopic investigations the morphology and motility of the spermatozoa of males kept in freshwater proved to be similar to those in seawater. the authors suppos ...200515813225
adenosine/nitric oxide crosstalk in the branchial circulation of squalus acanthias and anguilla anguilla.the potent vasomodulator adenosine (ad), thanks to the interaction with by a(1) and a(2) receptors, dilates systemic, coronary and cerebral vasculatures but exert a constrictor action in several vessels of respiratory organs. recent investigations suggest that nitric oxide (no) contributes to ad effects. in fish, both no and ad induce atypical effects compared to mammals. since there is very little information on the role of no and its involvement in mediating the actions of ad in fish, we have ...200515979367
hematology patterns of migrating european eels and the role of evex virus.we show that european eels infected with the rhabdovirus evex (eel virus european x) virus, developed hemorrhage and anemia during simulated migration in large swim tunnels, and died after 1000-1500 km. in contrast, virus-negative animals swam 5500 km, the estimated distance to the spawning ground of the european eel in the sargasso sea. virus-positive eels showed a decline in hematocrit, which was related to the swim distance. virus-negative eels showed a slightly increased hematocrit. observed ...200515792628
growth rate correlates to individual heterozygosity in the european eel, anguilla anguilla l.heterozygosity-fitness correlations (hfcs) have been reported in populations of many species. we provide evidence for a positive correlation between genetic variability and growth rate at 12 allozyme loci in a catadromous marine fish species, the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.). more heterozygous individuals show a significantly higher length and weight increase and an above average condition index in comparison with more homozygous individuals. to a lesser extent, six microsatellite loci sh ...200515792238
hypotonicity induced k+ and anion conductive pathways activation in eel intestinal epithelium.control of cell volume is a fundamental and highly conserved physiological mechanism, essential for survival under varying environmental and metabolic conditions. epithelia (such as intestine, renal tubule, gallbladder and gills) are tissues physiologically exposed to osmotic stress. therefore, the activation of 'emergency' systems of rapid cell volume regulation is fundamental in their physiology. the aim of the present work was to study the physiological response to hypotonic stress in a salt- ...200515695766
cell volume regulation following hypotonic stress in the intestine of the eel, anguilla anguilla, is ca2+-dependent.the involvement of ca2+ in the regulatory volume decrease (rvd) mechanism was studied in both isolated enterocytes and intestine of the eel, anguilla anguilla. videometric methods and electrophysiological techniques were respectively employed. the isolated enterocytes rapidly swelled following a change from isotonic (315 mosm/kg) to hypotonic (180 mosm/kg) saline solutions. afterwards, they tended to recover their original size. this homeostatic response was inhibited both in the absence of extr ...200515694583
panmixia in the european eel: a matter of time...the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) has been a prime example of the panmixia paradigm because of its extraordinary adaptation to the north atlantic gyral system, semelparous spawning in the sargasso sea and long trans-oceanic migration. recently, this view was challenged by the suggestion of a genetic structure characterized by an isolation-by-distance (ibd) pattern. this is only likely if spawning subpopulations are spatially and/or temporally separated, followed by non-random larval disper ...200516024374
influence of photic environment on the form of the fish electroretinographic off-response.scotopic electroretinogram of dogfish shark (scylliorhinus canicula) and eel (anguilla anguilla) is characterized by a negative off-response, changing in sign under photopic condition. it increased under the effect of increased background illumination, but its amplitude never exceeded that of the b-wave. on the other hand, dark-adapted electroretinograms of two perch-like species, perch (perca fluviatilis) and painted comber (serranus scriba), exhibited a positive off-wave, exceeding the b-wave ...200516154971
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