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[influence of sodium and aldosterone on the mineral unbalance following ablation of the corpuscles of stannius in the eel (anguilla anguilla l.)]. 196414241601
[correlations between rheotropism and morphogenesis, on the one hand, and histologic structure of the endocrine pancreas, on the other hand, in the glass-eel (anguilla anguilla l.)]. 201614272355
water and electrolyte flux in the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.). 200714337072
[effect of hypertonic saline solutions on the pituitary-hypothalamic system of the minnow phoxinus laevis and the eel anguilla anguilla l]. 195414365018
[effect of hypophysectomy on the histology of the anterior interrenal gland of the eel (anguilla anguilla l.)]. 195414376943
studies on water and electrolytes in cyclostomes and teleosts with special reference to myxine glutinosa l. (the hagfish) and anguilla anguilla l. (the atlantic eel). 196214452275
cloning of european eel (anguilla anguilla) fsh-beta subunit, and expression of fsh-beta and lh-beta in males and females after sex determination.the european eel (anguilla anguilla) is a catadromic teleost species with a complex life cycle, both in sea and freshwater environments. the sex determination phase of gonadal development occurs in a freshwater environment. polymorphism occurs in increasing rates with respect to gender. while males stop growing at approximately 150 g, females continue to grow to being much larger. in this study, we cloned the cdna fsh-beta subunit of the european eel (a. anguilla), and measured the mrna levels o ...200314529754
fish tolerance to organophosphate-induced oxidative stress is dependent on the glutathione metabolism and enhanced by n-acetylcysteine.dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, ddvp) is an organophosphorus (op) insecticide and acaricide extensively used to treat external parasitic infections of farmed fish. in previous studies we have demonstrated the importance of the glutathione (gsh) metabolism in the resistance of the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) to thiocarbamate herbicides. the present work studied the effects of the antioxidant and glutathione pro-drug n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) on the survival of a natural ...200314568351
accumulation and distribution of platinum and rhodium in the european eel anguilla anguilla following aqueous exposure to metal salts.the platinum group metals (pgm) pt and rh are emitted into the environment mainly by catalytic exhaust gas converters of cars and by effluents of hospitals, which use pt based anti-cancer drugs. however, there is still a lack of information on the availability of these precious metals to the biosphere. as pgm accumulate in sediments of aquatic ecosystems we focused our study on the uptake of the noble metals by european eels, anguilla anguilla. therefore, eels were exposed in tap water and humic ...200414568719
eel atpase activity as biomarker of thiobencarb exposure.european eels (anguilla anguilla) were exposed to a sublethal thiobencarb concentration of 0.22 mg/l in a flow-through system for 96 h. mg(2+) and na(+)-k(+) adenosine triphosphatase (atpase) activities were evaluated in gill and muscle tissues at 2, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of thiobencarb exposure. gill atpase activities were rapidly inhibited from 2h of contact onward. highest inhibition was registered for na(+), k(+)-atpase (85%) from 2 to 12h. both mg(2+) and total atpase were inhibited (>73 ...200314575684
micronucleus test in freshwater fish species: an evaluation of its sensitivity for application in field surveys.brown trout, salmo trutta, european eel, anguilla anguilla, and european minnow, phoxinus phoxinus, three fish species inhabiting european freshwater ecosystems, were evaluated for their use as in situ pollution biomarkers using the micronucleus test in renal erythrocytes. experimental exposure (by immersion) to different concentrations of cyclophosphamide, colchicine, and cadmium showed that brown trout are more sensitive to the three compounds than minnows and eels. in situ surveys of wild fre ...200314575685
genotoxic and biochemical responses in caged eel (anguilla anguilla l.) after short-term exposure to harbour waters.european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) were caged and exposed in situ for 8 and 48 h to the aveiro offward fishing harbour water (hw) and to clean seawater under laboratory conditions (control). eel liver biotransformation (phase i) was measured as ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, cytochrome p450 (p450) and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity (phase ii). genotoxic responses were determined as blood, liver and kidney dna strand breaks as well as erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities ( ...200414592569
heavy metals in fish (solea vulgaris, anguilla anguilla and liza aurata) from salt marshes on the southern atlantic coast of spain.comparisons were made of metal concentrations in water and sediment with those in the muscle and livers of three species of fish caught in four seawater reservoirs (two in the odiel estuary and two in the bay of cádiz). the concentrations of a large number of metals in the water, sediment and fish were higher in the odiel reservoirs than in those in cádiz. we found high metal-enrichment factors in the livers as compared to muscle (over 100 for fe and cu and around 5 for zn, ni, cd and pb). the t ...200414592572
anguilla anguilla l. plasma cortisol, lactate and glucose responses to abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid and retene.anguilla anguilla l. were exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 microm abietic (aa), dehydroabietic (dhaa) acids and retene (re) during 8, 16, 24 and 72 h. the eels plasma cortisol, glucose and lactate were measured. a significant decrease in plasma cortisol was observed at 72 h exposure to 0.9 and 2.7 microm re. dhaa (0.1 microm) significantly decreased plasma cortisol in eels after 8 and 24 h exposure. however, a significant plasma cortisol increase was found after 16 h, 2.7 microm aa exposure a ...200414592577
cl- absorption in european eel intestine and its regulation.the intestinal epithelium of the euryhaline teleost fish, anguilla anguilla, absorbs cl(-) transepithelially. this gives rise to a negative transepithelial potential at the basolateral side of the epithelium and to a measured short circuit current. cl(-) absorption occurs via bumetanide-sensitive na(+)-k(+)-2cl(-) cotransport, localized on the luminal membrane. the cotransport operates in parallel with a luminal k(+) conductance that recycles the ion into the lumen. cl(-) leaves the cell across ...200314598387
safety of azamethiphos in eel, seabass and trout.the safety of azamethiphos (aza), an organophosphorous insecticide and the active ingredient of salmosan, was evaluated in the european eel, seabass and rainbow trout. fish were bathed in 0.1 ppm aza for a period of 60, 120 or 240 min. after termination of each treatment fish were transferred to clean aquaria and randomly sampled over 21 days. compared to controls, brain acetylcholinesterase (ache) was inhibited up to 44, 56 and 62% in eels, seabass and trout, respectively, with the inhibition b ...200414643697
parasite infracommunity diversity in eels: a reflection of local component community diversity.the intestinal macroparasite communities of freshwater eels (anguilla anguilla) captured in the south of england from windsor (river thames) during august 2001, and leckford (river test) during late june/july 2000, are reported for the first time. parasite component communities were among the most species rich and diverse recorded from european eels. a total of 13 intestinal macroparasite species were encountered during the study, 8 from each eel host population with 3 being common to both. acan ...200314653536
spatio-temporal dynamics of the parasitic nematode anguillicola crassus in flanders, belgium.despite egusa's earlier warning of the damage that the parasitic nematode anguillicola crassus could inflict on the european eel anguilla anguilla, its introduction in europe was a fact in the early 1980s. based on an elaborate dataset on anguillicola crassus infection of 11 river catchments, this paper presents the results of a detailed study on the dispersal of the parasite in flanders, belgium, and the host-parasite relationship. in addition, data from 1986 and 1997 are used for comparative p ...200314667034
characterisation and distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide in a primitive teleost, the eel, anguilla anguilla and comparison with calcitonin.radioimmunoassay (ria), radioreceptor assay and chromatography were used to study the occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) in a primitive teleost, the eel, anguilla anguilla. immunologically and biologically active cgrp-like molecules were found in brain, heart, kidney, liver, spleen and ultimobranchial body with the higher concentrations in brain, spleen and heart. gel exclusion chromatography of heart and spleen extracts followed by sds-page showed that the eel cgrp-like molecu ...200414700750
effects of various hormones on the sexual maturity of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) females from farm and lakes.previously described and alternative methods of the induction of sexual maturation in the european eel were investigated. weekly administrations of a gonadoliberin agonist (nnrh-a=d-phe6-gnrh-ea) did not induce statistically significant effect on the gonads of treated eels in none of the dosages used (0.1 microg and 10 microg/fish). carp pituitary extract and carp pituitary extract together with a dopamine antagonist caused considerable external changes (increase in eye size) and significant gon ...200314711035
vitellogenin content in european eel (anguilla anguilla) in flanders, belgium.as part of a large-scale monitoring program of bioaccumulating contaminants in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) in flanders (belgium), we investigated potential effects of xenoestrogens in these fish. the present paper describes the results of the plasma vitellogenin (vtg) content, measured in 142 eels sampled at 20 different locations, in relation to the internal pollution levels. to validate the blood vtg assays, a small number of eels (n=8) was exposed to 10 microg ethinylestradiol/l (ee2 ...200414720478
cloning of the cdna for thyroid stimulating hormone beta subunit and changes in activity of the pituitary-thyroid axis during silvering of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica.the purposes of this study were: (1) to clone the cdna encoding pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit (tsh beta) of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, together with its genomic dna sequence, for phylogenetic analysis, and to study the regulation of the tsh beta gene expression in cultured pituitaries; and (2) to investigate the transcript levels of pituitary tsh beta mrna and the serum thyroxine profiles at different stages of ovarian development before and during silvering in the ...200414766001
radiological observations on the cardiovascular system in anguilla anguilla. 195014803616
[influence of hypophysectomy on the glycogen content of liver of the eel (anguilla anguilla l.)]. 195114839913
[glycogenic function of eel liver (anguilla anguilla l.) after hypophysectomy]. 195114839972
some factors affecting the blood circulation in the common eel (anguilla anguilla). 195114861823
observations on the metazoan parasites of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) after its reintroduction into the elbe river basin in the czech republic.in the years 1999-2002, first studies were carried out on the metazoan parasites of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) recently reintroduced into the elbe river drainage system, after more than 50 years after the complete extinction of the elbe salmon population. a total of six helminth species were recorded from salmon smolts from three streams of the elbe river basin (kamenice river, jestedský and libocanský brooks) in north bohemia, czech republic, where s. salar fingerlings have been released ...200314971599
anguilla anguilla l. antioxidants responses to in situ bleached kraft pulp mill effluent outlet exposure.this study assesses the antioxidant enzymes activities viz., catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxidant molecule such as glutathione in anguilla anguilla l. gill, kidney and liver in response to 8- and 48-h exposure to bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (bkpme). a. anguilla were caged and plunged at three different sites-50 (site 1), 100 (site 2) and 2000 m (site 3) away from the closed bkpme outlet. a significant gill (8 and 48 h) and kidney (48 h) c ...200414987859
water transport and aquaporins in the european eel (anguilla anguilla). 200214992144
application of an immunoperoxidase staining method for detection of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine as a biomarker of chemical-induced oxidative stress in marine organisms.7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dg) is a typical modification of dna caused by oxygen free radicals and can be an useful biomarker for pollutants inducing oxidative stress. an immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibody 1f7 toward 8-oxo-dg was applied to tissues and smeared cells of marine organisms for detection and quantification of oxidative dna damage in such models. the assay, previously employed on human cells, was assessed for the first time on mediterranean mussels (mytilus ...200415019248
enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants as an adaptation to phagocyte-induced damage in anguilla anguilla l. following in situ harbor water exposure.anguilla anguilla l. were caged for 8 and 48 h in harbor water of aveiro lagoon, portugal. respiratory burst activity (rba) of peritoneal, head kidney, and gill phagocytes was measured. lipid peroxidation (lpo) was estimated in gill, kidney, and liver. liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, cytochrome p450 (cyt p450) content, and bile metabolites were assayed. various antioxidant enzymes, viz., glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione s-transferase and nonenzymatic antioxid ...200415041252
polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in eels (anguilla anguilla l.) from welsh rivers.organochlorine concentrations in the muscle tissues of eels at 41 freshwater sites across wales were surveyed in 1993. positive but weak relationships were detected between eel age or length and the concentration of some organochlorines. isomers of hch were below detection at most sites. dieldrin was widespread at 10-100 microg kt(-1) wet weight, despite its ban in sheep dip in 1989. total ddt residue concentrations averaged 73 microg kg(-1). total pcb burdens expressed as arochlor 1260, were > ...199715093481
comparative study of x-ray computerised tomography and conventional x-ray methods in diagnosis of swimbladder infection in eels caused by anguillicola crassus.to date, swimbladder lesions due to anguillicola crassus infection of the european eel anguilla anguilla have so far been studied only by conventional x-ray methods. this is the first study to report the use of computerised tomography (ct) for studying lesions induced by anguillicolosis. of 50 eels caught by electrofishery from lake balaton, hungary, in autumn 2002 and pre-selected by a conventional x-ray method, 22 specimens were examined with a siemens somatom plus s40 spiral ct scanner. tomog ...200415109137
characterization of sugar binding by osteoclast inhibitory lectin.osteoclast inhibitory lectin (ocil) is a membrane-bound c-type lectin that blocks osteoclast differentiation and, via binding to its cognate receptor nkrp1d, inhibits natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ocil is a member of the natural killer cell receptor c-type lectin group that includes cd69 and nkrp1d. we investigated carbohydrate binding of soluble recombinant human and mouse ocil in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based assays. ocil bound immobilized high molecular weight sulfated ...200415123656
ellipsomyxa gobii (myxozoa: ceratomyxidae) in the common goby pomatoschistus microps (teleostei: gobiidae) uses nereis spp. (annelida: polychaeta) as invertebrate hosts.nereis diversicolor o.f. müller and n. succinea frey et leuckart (polychaeta, nereidae) living in brackish shallow areas in denmark are naturally infected with tetractinomyxon actinospores. infected nereis spp. were experimentally fed to various potential fish hosts, and the actinosporean stages developed into myxosporean stages of ellipsomyxa gobii køie, 2003 (ceratomyxidae) in the gallbladder of the common goby pomatoschistus microps (krøyer) (gobiidae). the european eel anguilla anguilla (l.) ...200415139372
[an antagonist to gnrh in the control of reproduction in teleost fish: dopaminergic inhibition. ancestral origin and differential conservation within vertebrates?].in mammals, the neurohormonal control of the pituitary gonadotropes is provided by the gonadoliberin gnrh. several studies on teleost fish indicate that a single positive control by gnrh is not a general rule among vertebrates. peter and colleagues presented the first evidence of an inhibitory neurohormonal factor, "grif" (gonadotropin-release inhibiting factor). they induced a preovulatory lh surge by injuring particular brain areas in the goldfish. subsequent in vivo and in vitro studies ident ...200415146957
individual and combined effects of cadmium and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) on the humoral immune response in european eel (anguilla anguilla) experimentally infected with larvae of anguillicola crassus (nematoda).the individual and combined effects of cadmium (cd) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb 126) on the antibody response of fish against metazoan parasites were tested. eels experimentally infected with the swim bladder nematode anguillicola crassus were exposed to sublethal concentrations of cd and pcb 126. cd was added to the water resulting in an effective concentration of 21.7 +/- 12.8 microg/l (mean +/- s.d.). pcb 126 was applied orally at a dose of approximately 100 ng pcb 126 per g body ...200415151150
patterns of infracommunity species richness in eels, anguilla anguilla.between october 1999 and october 2001, a total of 510 european eels anguilla anguilla were captured in 13 different samples from the rivers thames (five locations) and test (one location) in southern england. the relationship between parasite component community species richness (ccr) and maximum infracommunity species richness (icrmax) compared with that previously observed in bird and mammal hosts. specifically, the maximum number of parasite species occurring in infracommunities equalled or e ...200415153286
effects of fish stocking on ecosystem services: an overview and case study using the stockholm archipelago.in this article, we focus on documented and possible effects of fish stocking in terms of ecosystem services. the increasing use of fish stocking between 1970 and 2000 in the semiurban setting of stockholm archipelago, sweden, is used as case study. the objective is to analyze this management practice from an ecosystem perspective, accounting for both the ecological and social context of releasing fish. the results show that enhancements of four native species (salmo s. trutta, salmo salar, stiz ...200415156349
anguilla anguilla l. genotoxic and liver biotransformation responses to abietic acid exposure.adult eels (anguilla anguilla l.) were exposed for 8, 16, 24, and 72 h to 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 microm abietic acid (aa). genotoxicity was measured as erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ena), as well as dna strand breaks in blood and liver. liver cytochrome p450 (p450) content, liver ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase (erod), and glutathione s-transferase (gst) activities were determined as biotransformation biomarkers. liver alanine transaminase (alt) activity was also measured as an indication ...200415157574
induction of cytochrome p4501a and biliary pah metabolites in european eel anguilla anguilla: seasonal, dose- and time-response variability in field and laboratory conditions.induction of cytochrome p4501a in fish is a well-known indicator of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and determination of pah metabolites in bile by fixed wavelength fluorescence (ff) or synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (sfs), has become an useful method in monitoring programs. in this work the relationship between cytochrome p4501a (erod activity) and levels of biliary pah metabolites was measured in the european eel anguilla anguilla, in both field and laboratory condit ...200415178075
[avoidance of injuries to migrating fish by hydropower and water intake plants].every year numerous downstream migrating fish are lethally injured by hydro power plants and inlet works. especially the katadromous eel (anguilla anguilla) and anadromous species like atlantic salmon (salmo salar), which have to migrate downstream into the ocean for closing their life cycle, are highly endangered. due to their specific migratory behavioral pattern, size and morphology conventional protection techniques, like screens do not properly keep them out from getting into the power plan ...200415195958
differential expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit in gonads during sex reversal of orange-spotted and red-spotted groupers.we have cloned and characterized the full-length cdna encoding thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (tshbeta) from orange-spotted grouper epinephelus coioides. it contains 913 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 146 amino acids with a 20 amino acid signal peptide. the grouper mature tshbeta has 75, 70, 61, 59, 41, 42 and 40% identities to that of rainbow trout, atlantic salmon, zebrafish, european eel, chicken, mouse and human, respectively. rt-pcr analysis indicated that the tsh ...200415196702
lectinochemical studies on the affinity of anguilla anguilla agglutinin for mammalian glycotopes.anguilla anguilla agglutinin (aaa) is a fucose-specific lectin found in the serum of the fresh water eel. it is suggested to be associated with innate immunity by recognizing disease-associated cell surface glycans, and has been widely used as a reagent in hematology and glycobiology. in order to gain a better understanding of aaa for further applications, it is necessary to elucidate its binding profile with mammalian glycotopes. we, therefore, analyzed the detailed carbohydrate specificity of ...200415207656
delineation of the conserved functional properties of d1a, d1b and d1c dopamine receptor subtypes in vertebrates.the three main subtypes of dopamine d(1) receptor (d(1a), d(1b) and d(1c)) subtypes found in most vertebrate groups were generated by two major steps of gene duplications, early in evolution. to identify the functional characteristics contributing to conservation of these paralogous d(1) receptors in vertebrates, the pharmacological and functional properties of fish (anguilla anguilla), amphibian (xenopus laevis) and human receptors were systematically analysed in transfected cells. the ligand-b ...200415207908
[sounds recorded in salt marshes and attributed to the european eel].the sounds were recorded in coastal ponds off the french atlantic coast. they are characterized by continuous series of regularly spaced sounds, each sound being composed of one to four pulses of 7.8-ms duration. the main frequencies of these sounds are under 350 hz. due to the special characteristics of these sounds, their temporal patterning, their coastal pond provenance and their close similarity to sounds made by the american eel (anguilla rostrata), we attribute them to the european eel (a ...200415212367
responses of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) in two polluted environments: in situ experiments.european eels (anguilla anguilla l.) were caged for 8 and 48 h in two polluted areas to assess the contamination cleanup process in the vouga river 2 years after the official closing of a bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (bkpme; experiment 1), and to monitor the effects induced by contaminated offward fishing harbor waters (experiment 2). plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate were evaluated as stress responses. in experiment 1, plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate increased after 8 h of exposu ...200415223262
dopamine inhibits luteinizing hormone synthesis and release in the juvenile european eel: a neuroendocrine lock for the onset of puberty.in various adult teleost fishes, lh ovulatory peak is under a dual neurohormonal control that is stimulatory by gnrh and inhibitory by dopamine (da). we investigated whether da could also be involved in the inhibitory control of lh at earlier steps of gametogenesis by studying the model of the european eel, anguilla anguilla, which remains at a prepubertal stage until the oceanic reproductive migration. according to a protocol previously developed in the striped bass, eels received sustained tre ...200415229141
cardiac morphodynamic remodelling in the growing eel (anguilla anguilla l.).the morphodynamic changes occurring during growth were evaluated in the eel (anguilla anguilla l.) heart. using an in vitro working heart preparation, cardiac performance of small (body mass 96.76 +/- 27.49 g; mean +/- s.d.) and large (body mass 656 +/- 12 g; mean +/- s.d.) eels was compared under basal conditions and under loading (i.e. preload and afterload) challenges. a parallel morphometric evaluation of the ventricle was made using light and transmission electron microscope images. the sma ...200415235015
magnetic sense in the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, as determined by conditioning and electrocardiography.magnetosensitivity of the japanese eel, anguilla japonica, was examined by conditioning and electrocardiography. marine eels, river eels and farmed eels were conditioned to an imposed magnetic field ranging from 12,663 nt to 192,473 nt parallel to the fish body, which was placed along the earth's west-east axis. electrocardiograms were recorded with electrodes placed close to the fish body inside a pvc pipe shelter. after 10-40 conditioning runs, all the eels exhibited a significant conditioned ...200415277551
cloning and developmental expression of the cytochrome p450 aromatase gene (cyp19) in the european eel (anguilla anguilla).to characterize the involvement of the aromatase gene during the process of sex determination in the european eel (anguilla anguilla), the expression of its gonadal form was determined during various developmental stages. the cloned cdna from the european eel gonad (eecyp19) contains an open reading frame of 1539 bp, encoding a deduced protein of 513 residues. the predicted amino acid sequence shows 97% identity with that of the japanese eel, and 59-69% of identity with those of the cyp19 gonada ...200415364210
applying dna techniques to the identification of the species of dressed toasted eel products.to differentiate the species of processed eel products, the gene identification of four fresh eel species was first established and the species of eel products collected from markets were investigated. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis were used to determine the genetic variation in a 362-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in four fresh eels including anguilla japonica, anguilla anguilla, anguilla rostrata, and muraenesox cinereus. it was found that each ...200415366851
temporal and spatial patterns of nestedness in eel macroparasite communities.a nested (non-random) species composition was observed among the intestinal macroparasite communities of european eels, anguilla anguilla. nestedness was observed in 8 out of 10 component community samples from the rivers thames and test between april 2000 and october 2001. parasite component communities consisted of mainly generalist and specialist, but also accidental species, and included acanthocephalans, cestodes, nematodes and digeneans. nestedness was observed when component population si ...200415376779
functional recovery and axonal growth following spinal cord transection is accelerated by sustained l-dopa administration.the eel, anguilla anguilla, as with other fish species, recovers well from spinal cord injury. we assessed the quality of locomotion of spinally transected eels from measurements made from video recordings of individuals swimming at different speeds in a water tunnel. following transection of the spinal cord just caudal to the anus, the animals displayed higher tail beat frequencies and lower tail beat amplitudes than before surgery, owing to the loss of power in this region. swimming performanc ...200415450079
structure and glycosylation of the term yolk sac placenta and uterine attachment site in the viviparous shark mustelus canis.the viviparous shark mustelus canis nurtures its young within the uterus by means of a modified yolk sac which functions as a placenta. two term specimens have been examined with a panel of 21 biotinylated lectins to assess whether glycans form a prominent interface between fetal and maternal tissues as in their therian counterparts. the yolk sac placenta was lined by a thin egg envelope which apposed though did not make contact with the uterine epithelium, and expressed fucosyl, n-acetyl glucos ...200415451197
prediction of 3-d structures of fucose-binding proteins and structural analysis of their interaction with ligands.the importance of fucose-binding proteins stems from the presence of fucose as terminal sugars in h and lewis (a) blood groups. recently, the structure of a complex between anguilla anguilla agglutinin (aaa) and alpha-l-fucose has been worked out at 1.9 a resolution. the structure of aaa characterizes the novel fold of an entire lectin family. in the present study, molecular modeling techniques have been used to identify new proteins that can provide a similar fucose binding module in the newly ...200415454693
influence of anguillicola crassus (nematoda) and ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ciliophora) on swimming activity of european eel anguilla anguilla.we investigated the swimming activity of 70 european eels anguilla anguilla in relation to natural infection with 2 parasite species: the eel-specific swimbladder nematode anguillicola crassus and the non-specific skin and gill protozoan ichthyophthirius multifiliis. we measured how long individual eels exposed to a water current in a swimming channel with a steady-stream profile could withstand the water current. the parasites affected the swimming behaviour of eels in different ways. the maxim ...200415460857
utilization of brown trout salmo trutta by acanthocephalus clavula in an irish lake: is this evidence of a host shift?the population biology of the fish acanthocephalan acanthocephalus clavula was described from 161 wild brown trout, salmo trutta sampled over a two-year period in clogher lake in the west of ireland. overall prevalence of the parasite was 86% and the mean abundance was 53 worms per fish. despite the presence of large numbers of worms in the trout very few females (2%) attained full reproductive maturity. this suggests that trout is an accidental host. a sample of yellow eels, anguilla anguilla w ...200415469621
influence of vasostatins, the chromogranin a-derived peptides, on the working heart of the eel (anguilla anguilla): negative inotropy and mechanism of action.we have studied the effects of exogenous human recombinant vasostatin-1 (vs-1), vasostatin-2 (vs-2) and the human chromogranin a (cga) 7-57 synthetic peptides on the mechanical performance of the isolated and perfused working eel (anguilla anguilla) heart. under basal conditions, the three peptides decreased stroke volume (sv) and stroke work (sw), thus exerting negative inotropism. the vs-1-mediated negative inotropism was abolished by exposure to inhibitors of either gi/o protein (pertussis to ...200415474532
heavy metal contamination of european eel (anguilla anguilla) and brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in wild ecosystems in spain.in this study we analyzed the pattern of copper (cu), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), and mercury (hg) accumulation in liver (as a detoxifying organ) and muscle (as the most important tissue for human consumption) of brown trout (salmo trutta) and european eel (anguilla anguilla) caught in two wild spanish rivers where both species are usually angled for human consumption. cd, pb, and cu accumulated preferentially in the liver of both species. hg accumulated both in the liver and muscle in brown trout, ...200415508654
differences in susceptibility of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) and the japanese eel (anguilla japonica) to the swim-bladder nematode anguillicola crassus.the swim-bladder nematode anguillicola crassus originates from the far east where it is a parasite of the japanese eel (anguilla japonica). after a. crassus was introduced to europe, it became a predominant parasite of the european eel (anguilla anguilla). a study performed with experimentally infected eels (98 days, 23 degrees c) revealed significant differences in the susceptibility of the two eel species to this parasite. the recovery rate of 30 administered infective a. crassus larvae (l3) f ...200415521638
[seasonal dynamics of the component community structure of parasites of the minnow phoxinus phoxinus (l.)].the material represented by 75 specimens of minnow of the age 2-2(+) was collected according to the standard technique in the chovju river (tributary of the vychegda river, a region of the settlement nizniy chov, district of syktyvkar town) during the period june-september 2000. the quantitative estimation of the structure of the component parasite communities was performed by calculating errors of the equation of regression for each species group separately, with subsequent summarizing of means ...200415553771
ph regulation and swimbladder function in fish.gas gland cells of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) are specialized for the production and secretion of acidic metabolites. although typically exposed to high oxygen partial pressures, they convert glucose mainly into lactate, but also produce co2 in the pentose phosphate shunt. only a very small fraction of glucose is oxidized via aerobic metabolism. although the buffer capacity of gas gland cells appears to be high, even at low extracellular ph values intracellular ph is always kept about ...200415556101
distribution and fate of hbcd and tbbpa brominated flame retardants in north sea estuaries and aquatic food webs.tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) and hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (alpha-, beta/-, and gamma-hbcd) were investigated in effluents from sewage treatment works, landfill leachates, sediments, and food web organisms of the north sea basin. residues were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. both flame retardants were enriched in sewage sludges, where a maximum total (sigma) hbcd concentration of 9.1 mg/kg (dry weight; d.w.) was found; tbbpa was at levels of 102 microg/kg. l ...200415575264
endocrine and metabolic changes in anguilla anguilla l. following exposure to beta-naphthoflavone--a microsomal enzyme inducer.anguilla anguilla l. were exposed during 24 and 48 h to 2.7 mum beta-naphthoflavone (bnf), a known microsomal enzyme inducer. the bnf effects on thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), free triiodothyronine (t3), free thyroxine (t4) and cortisol plasma levels were investigated. alterations on plasma glucose and lactate levels were also measured as an indication of energy-mobilizing hormones alterations. bnf showed to be able to decrease significantly a. anguilla plasma t4 levels, whereas tsh, t3 and ...200515607783
qualitative analysis of the risk of introducing gyrodactylus salaris into the united kingdom.gyrodactylus salaris is a freshwater, monogenean ectoparasite of baltic strains of atlantic salmon salmo salar on which it generally causes no clinical disease. infection of other strains of atlantic salmon in norway has resulted in high levels of juvenile salmon mortality and highly significant reductions in the population. the parasite is a major exotic disease threat to wild atlantic salmon in the uk. this paper qualitatively assesses the risk of introduction and establishment of g. salaris i ...200415648837
regulation of expression of two aquaporin homologs in the intestine of the european eel: effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment.complementary dnas encoding homologs of the mammalian aquaglyceroporins (termed aqpe) and aquaporin-1 isoforms (termed aqp1) were isolated from the european eel. the aqp amino acid sequences share 35-54% identity with other known human aqps. although aqpe mrna expression was approximately equivalent along the entire length of the gut, aqp1 expression was the highest in the posterior/rectal segment. seawater (sw) acclimation increased aqp1 mrna abundance by 5- and 17-fold in the anterior, 14- and ...200515650119
physiological basis for large differences in resistance to nitrite among freshwater and freshwater-acclimated euryhaline fishes.uptake of environmental no2- by most freshwater fishes occurs at the gills where no2- is actively transported into the blood by the cl- uptake pathway. some freshwater fishes do not concentrate no2- in their plasma, regardless of environmental no2- exposure and exhibit a high degree of resistance to no2-. recent studies indicate that freshwater-adapted killifish (fundulidae: fundulus heteroclitus) and european eel (anguillidae: anguilla anguilla) have no or minimal cl- uptake activity at the gil ...200515667081
anguillicolosis: dynamics of the infection over two decades.the dynamics of the infection of the european eel anguilla anguilla l. by the asian nematode anguillicola crassus kuwahara, niimi and itagaki, 1974 (i.e. anguillicolosis) was monitored over 2 decades in an oligohaline canal in southern france (camargue, mediterranean coast). since the first mention of the parasite in this canal in 1985, which was also the first record in france, prevalence of pre-adult and adult forms has risen from 32 to 73%. however, during the last 7 yr (1997 to 2003), preval ...200415672878
cell volume regulation following hypotonic stress in the intestine of the eel, anguilla anguilla, is ca2+-dependent.the involvement of ca2+ in the regulatory volume decrease (rvd) mechanism was studied in both isolated enterocytes and intestine of the eel, anguilla anguilla. videometric methods and electrophysiological techniques were respectively employed. the isolated enterocytes rapidly swelled following a change from isotonic (315 mosm/kg) to hypotonic (180 mosm/kg) saline solutions. afterwards, they tended to recover their original size. this homeostatic response was inhibited both in the absence of extr ...200515694583
hypotonicity induced k+ and anion conductive pathways activation in eel intestinal epithelium.control of cell volume is a fundamental and highly conserved physiological mechanism, essential for survival under varying environmental and metabolic conditions. epithelia (such as intestine, renal tubule, gallbladder and gills) are tissues physiologically exposed to osmotic stress. therefore, the activation of 'emergency' systems of rapid cell volume regulation is fundamental in their physiology. the aim of the present work was to study the physiological response to hypotonic stress in a salt- ...200515695766
histochemical analysis of glycoconjugate secretion in the alimentary canal of anguilla anguilla l.conventional histochemical methods as well as lectin-binding techniques were used to study glycoconjugates that are present in the alimentary canal of the european eel (anguilla anguilla). specimens from pharynx, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were collected from adult ("silver eel" stage) females. alcian blue ph 2.5/pas and high iron diamine/alcian blue ph 2.5 reactions were performed to stain neutral and acidic glycoconjugates. in addition, lectin histochemistry was applied to identify acid ...200515707657
immunofluorescent detection of 8-oxo-dg and pah bulky adducts in fish liver and mussel digestive gland.development of methodologies to detect dna damage induced by pollutants is of increasing concern in marine ecotoxicology. we previously described an immunoperoxidase method for revealing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dg) in marine organisms. in this work, the approach was extended to immunofluorescence detection and to the use of another antibody for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-dna adducts. specimens of european eel (anguilla anguilla) and mediterranean mussel (mytilus gallopr ...200515710481
physiological and genetic responses of european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) to short-term chromium or copper exposure-influence of preexposure to a pah-like compound.anguilla anguilla l. (european eel) was exposed for 24 h to chromium (cr-100 microm and 1 mm) or copper (cu-1 and 2.5 microm), with or without a 24-h preexposure to beta-naphthoflavone (bnf-2.7 microm), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-like compound, simulating sequential exposure to pahs and heavy metals. plasma cortisol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh), free triiodothyronine (t3), and free thyroxine (t4) were determined in order to assess the effects on endocrine function. plasma gluc ...200515712285
long-term investigation of the composition and richness of intestinal helminth communities in the stocked population of eel, anguilla anguilla, in neusiedler see, austria.data from a long-term study of the intestinal helminth parasite community of eels, anguilla anguilla, stocked into the shallow eutrophic neusiedler see, austria, were collected over an 8 year period (1994-2001). in total, 720 eels from 2 sampling sites were examined. the parasite community showed characteristics similar to those in the natural eel populations in rivers of the uk and mainland europe: it was species poor, with only 5 species (acanthocephalus lucii, acanthocephalus anguillae, raphi ...200515727068
sandwich immunoassay for determination of vitellogenin in golden grey mullet (liza aurata) serum as a field exposure biomarker.vitellogenin (vtg) is a protein produced in the liver of oviparous animals in response to oestrogens. abnormal production of vtg by males, therefore, is used as a biological indicator of exposure to xeno-oestrogens. in this study, a sandwich-elisa for measuring vtg in liza aurata (golden grey mullet) was developed and validated. plasma vtg was purified from 17beta-oestradiol-injected immature individuals of mullet, by size-exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. polyclonal antibodies against ...200515756602
eel migration to the sargasso: remarkably high swimming efficiency and low energy costs.one of the mysteries of the animal kingdom is the long-distance migration (5000-6000 km) of the european eel anguilla anguilla l. from the coasts of europe to its spawning grounds in the sargasso sea. the only evidence for the location of the spawning site of the european eel in the sargasso sea is the discovery by johannes schmidt at the beginning of the previous century of the smallest eel larvae (leptocephali) near the sargasso sea. for years it has been questioned whether the fasting eels ha ...200515781893
growth rate correlates to individual heterozygosity in the european eel, anguilla anguilla l.heterozygosity-fitness correlations (hfcs) have been reported in populations of many species. we provide evidence for a positive correlation between genetic variability and growth rate at 12 allozyme loci in a catadromous marine fish species, the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.). more heterozygous individuals show a significantly higher length and weight increase and an above average condition index in comparison with more homozygous individuals. to a lesser extent, six microsatellite loci sh ...200515792238
hematology patterns of migrating european eels and the role of evex virus.we show that european eels infected with the rhabdovirus evex (eel virus european x) virus, developed hemorrhage and anemia during simulated migration in large swim tunnels, and died after 1000-1500 km. in contrast, virus-negative animals swam 5500 km, the estimated distance to the spawning ground of the european eel in the sargasso sea. virus-positive eels showed a decline in hematocrit, which was related to the swim distance. virus-negative eels showed a slightly increased hematocrit. observed ...200515792628
the testis histology of artificially maturated european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) at the end of sexual maturation, and spermatozoa ultrastructure in freshwater rearing. short communication.the artificial induction of sexual maturation of european eel males was carried out by using weekly hcg administrations. histological pictures showed that the testis tissues developed and regressed naturally and no pathological changes took place under the conditions of artificial rearing in freshwater. according to light and electron microscopic investigations the morphology and motility of the spermatozoa of males kept in freshwater proved to be similar to those in seawater. the authors suppos ...200515813225
cryopreservation of european eel (anguilla anguilla) sperm using different extenders and cryoprotectants. short communication.experiments were carried out on the sperm cryopreservation of artificially induced eels. the effects of several extenders and two cryoprotectants on the motility of spermatozoa were investigated. the highest post-thaw motility was observed with the combination of tanaka's extender and dmso as cryoprotectant. further dilution after thawing resulted in complete loss of motility in samples frozen in presence of dmso while sperm frozen with methanol as cryoprotectant retained its motility after furt ...200515813226
anguillicola papernai (nematoda: anguillicolidae) and other helminths parasitizing the african longfin eel anguilla mossambica.the swim bladder nematode anguillicola papernai moravec & taraschewski, 1988 has been investigated as regards its occurrence in longfin eels anguilla mossambica (peters) in rivers in south africa. a. papernai revealed a prevalence of around 50% and a mean intensity of about 6 adult worms at 1 sampling site but were less abundant in 3 others. field observations suggest a more narrow habitat preference than that of anguillicola crassus and a seasonal pattern of abundance. african longfin eels harb ...200515819434
in vitro effect of hydrostatic pressure exposure on hydroxyl radical production in fish red muscle.the effects of hydrostatic pressure on reactive oxygen species (ros) production have been studied in vitro on fish red muscle fibres. in the eel, anguilla anguilla, previous studies have shown that hydrostatic pressure acclimatization improves oxidative phosphorylation efficiency together with a supposed concomitant decrease in electron leak and ros production. in order to test the hypothesis of an electron leak decrease under pressure, hydroxyl radical (ho*) production and oxygen consumption we ...200515829108
accumulation of the precious metals platinum, palladium and rhodium from automobile catalytic converters in paratenuisentis ambiguus as compared with its fish host, anguilla anguilla.the platinum group metals (pgm) pt, pd and rh are emitted into the environment mainly by catalytic exhaust gas converters of cars. as pgm accumulate in sediments of aquatic ecosystems, the study was focused on the uptake of the noble metals by european eels, anguilla anguilla infected with the acanthocephalan paratenuisentis ambiguus. eels were exposed to ground catalytic converter material for six weeks. after exposure pt and pd were detected in the liver and kidney of the eels and in the paras ...200515831118
cloning and expression of three aquaporin homologues from the european eel (anguilla anguilla): effects of seawater acclimation and cortisol treatment on renal expression.the european eel (anguilla anguilla) is able to osmoregulate over a wide range of environmental salinities from fw (freshwater) to hyperconcentrated sw (seawater). successful acclimation is associated with strict regulation of ion and water transport pathways within key osmoregulatory epithelia to enable animals to survive the dehydrating or oedematous conditions. these observations suggested that homologues of the aqp (aquaporin) water channel family were expressed in the eel and that these pro ...200515850452
a model for the upstream motion of elvers in the adour river.the aim of this paper is contributing to the study of the exploitation of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) in the basin of the french river 'adour'. this exploitation constitutes the basis of the economy of local professional fishermen, who have recently noticed a diminution of the hunting of elvers. in order to design a sustainable exploitation strategy, we must know as much as possible about eel life cycle. for that purpose, we build a model to describe a phase of eels evolution, their mig ...200515861824
a quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for european eel tyrosine hydroxylase.dopamine (da) plays a key inhibitory role in pubertal development of the european eel, but how daergic neuronal activity is regulated is not known in this species. in order to investigate the regulation of da inhibition at the molecular level, we developed a quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrtrt-pcr) assay, using the light cycler system, for the expression of eel tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis. two different reference genes were compared: the pre ...200515862557
genetic population structure of fishes: implications for coastal zone management.the pattern for distribution of genetic variation within and between populations is referred to as the genetic population structure of the species. to avoid depletion of genetic resources sustainable management should be based on knowledge of this structure. we discuss key aspects of genetic population structure in the context of identifying biological units for fisheries management, suggesting three basic types of structuring: distinct populations; continuous change; and no differentiation. the ...200515865307
anguilla anguilla l. liver erod induction and genotoxic responses after retene exposure.anguilla anguilla l. (european eel) were exposed for 8, 16, 24, and 72 h to 0 (control), 0.1, 0.3, 0.9, and 2.7 microm retene. a. anguilla l. liver ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase erod activity significantly increased during the whole exposure period to all retene concentrations, when compared to their controls. the liver cytochrome p450 content only increased after exposure to high retene concentrations (0.9 and 2.7 microm) from 8 to 24 and 72 h, respectively. generally, liver dna integrity decrea ...200515883094
dopaminergic inhibition of reproduction in teleost fishes: ecophysiological and evolutionary implications.in many teleosts, dopamine (da) exerts direct inhibitory control on gonadotropes, counteracting the stimulatory effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) on gonadotropin release. this dual control by gnrh and da has been demonstrated in various adult teleosts and has major implications for aquaculture. because of its unique life cycle, the european eel has provided a powerful model for demonstrating the key role of da in the control of puberty. data from tetrapods suggest that the inhibito ...200515891002
effect of cortisol on aquaporin expression in the esophagus of the european eel, anguilla anguilla.long-term cortisol infusion into freshwater (fw)-adapted eels induced a significant increase in aquaporin-1 (aqp1) mrna expression within the esophageal epithelium of migratory "silver" eels, but not in nonmigratory, immature "yellow" eels. cortisol treatment had no significant effect on the mrna abundance of a second aquaporin-1 isoform, termed aqp1dup, which exhibited a highly variable expression profile among individual members of all fish groups. these results suggest that cortisol, at plasm ...200515891071
brain expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and its regulation by steroid hormones in the european eel quantified by real-time pcr.in the eel, dopamine inhibits pubertal development. to investigate the regulatory mechanisms involved, we developed a quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for measurement of brain expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (th), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of dopamine. th expression was highest in the olfactory bulb, followed by the di-/mesencephalic areas and the telencephalon/preoptic area. th expression in the optic lobes and hindbrain was low or below the detection limit. in vivo tre ...200515891106
the catadromous european eel anguilla anguilla (l.) as a model for freshwater evolutionary ecotoxicology: relationship between heavy metal bioaccumulation, condition and genetic variability.understanding the effects of pollutants on the genome is of crucial importance to preserve the evolutionary potential of endangered natural populations. the highly vagile european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) has suffered a dramatic decline in recruitment since two decades, urging for a better understanding of the genetic impact of pollution. its catadromous life history constitutes a model to assess local selection of pollutants on condition and genetic variability, as juveniles recruit in europe ...200515892996
radiodiagnostic method for studying the dynamics of anguillicola crassus (nematoda: dracunculoidea) infection and pathological status of the swimbladder in lake balaton eels.swimbladder changes resulting from anguillicola crassus infection of the european eel anguilla anguilla have been the subject of several studies reported in the literature. these investigations, however, studied exclusively the status of infection at a given point in time and did not deal with changes in swimbladder infection in eels suffering from anguillicolosis over a period of time. in this study, a. crassus-induced pathological changes were monitored in 78 eels naturally infected in lake ba ...200515900688
endocrine control of anguilla anguilla glass eel dispersal: effect of thyroid hormones on locomotor activity and rheotactic behavior.dispersal, one of the most important processes in population ecology, is an issue linking physiological and behavioral features. however, the endocrine control of animal dispersal remains poorly understood. here, we tested whether and how thyroid hormones may influence dispersal in glass eels of anguilla anguilla, by testing their influence on locomotor activity and rheotactic behavior. glass eels were caught during their estuarine migration and treated by immersion in either a l-thyroxine (t(4) ...200515919385
enterotoxin/guanylin receptor type guanylyl cyclases in non-mammalian vertebrates.cyclic gmp is a ubiquitous intracellular second messenger produced by guanylyl cyclases (gcs). the enterotoxin/guanylin receptor type membrane gc (designated as gc-c in mammals) is activated by exogenous ligands such as heat-stable enterotoxins (sta), small peptides secreted by some pathogenic strains of escherichia coli which cause severe secretory diarrhea and also activated by endogenous ligands such as guanylin and uroguanylin. the sta/guanylin receptor type membrane gc, as well as other typ ...200515930822
occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria in two european eel farms.the occurrence of strains that are resistant to oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and nitrofurantoin among heterotrophic bacteria, including human and fish pathogens, in two freshwater eel farms was investigated. high levels of individual- and multiple-drug-resistant bacteria were detected, although sampling events were not correlated with clinical outbreaks and drug therapy.200515933039
seasonal variability of metallothioneins, cytochrome p450, bile metabolites and oxyradical metabolism in the european eel anguilla anguilla l. (anguillidae) and striped mullet mugil cephalus l. (mugilidae).the european eel anguilla anguilla (anguillidae) and the striped mullet mugil cephalus (mugilidae) are typical inhabitants of mediterranean brackish lagoons, and their utility as bioindicator organisms has already been suggested. the seasonal variability of several potential biomarkers was investigated during a field study carried out in the orbetello lagoon (tuscany, italy). organisms were sampled on a seasonal basis, and analyzed parameters included the levels of hepatic metallothioneins, the ...200515942813
dynamics and predicted decline of anguillicola crassus infection in european eels, anguilla anguilla, in neusiedler see, austria.the eel population in neusiedler see has been maintained by regular massive stocking since 1958. after the establishment of the national park neusiedler see-seewinkel in 1993, eel stocking was prohibited and the population, together with the specific parasites of eels, was predicted to decline to extinction within 10 years. this investigation was undertaken to document the decline and extinction of the anguillicola crassus population in eels. from 1994 to 2001, 720 eels were collected from two s ...200515946398
the life cycle of paraquimperia tenerrima: a parasite of the european eel anguilla anguilla.previous studies on the life history of the nematode eel specialist paraquimperia tenerrima (nematoda: quimperiidae) have failed to determine whether an intermediate host is required in the life cycle. in the laboratory, eggs failed to hatch below 10 degrees c, hatching occurring only at temperatures between 11 and 30 degrees c. survival of the free-living second stage larvae (l2) was also temperature dependent, with maximal survival between 10 and 20 degrees c. total survival of the free-living ...200515946399
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