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effects of crude oil and oil fractions on the liver p450-dependent monooxygenase activities and antioxidant defence system of different freshwater fish species.the effects of crude oil (szeged-algyo, hungary) and oil fractions (f1: rich in aromatics; f2 fraction: free from aromatics) were investigated on liver cyp1a isoenzymes and antioxidant defence system following their i.p. injection into different freshwater fish species: carp (cyprinus carpio l.), silver carp (hyphothalmichtys molitrix v.), and european eel (anquilla anquilla). a dose of 2 ml kg -1 crude oil enhanced erod activity 8-fold in carp and only 5-fold in eel after 3 days. oil fraction f ...201020724273
cephalic morphology of pythonichthys macrurus (heterenchelyidae: anguilliformes): specializations for head-first burrowing.the heterenchelyidae, a family of anguilliformes, are highly specialized fossorial eels. this study was conducted to evaluate the cranial specialization in relation to head-first burrowing behavior in the heterenchelyid, pythonichthys macrurus. thereby, detailed descriptions are provided of the cranial myology and osteology of p. macrurus and its differences with that of representatives of three families: the moringuidae (moringua edwardsi), a head-first burrower; the anguillidae (anguilla angui ...201020730919
growth and mortality of european glass eel anguilla anguilla marked with oxytetracycline and alizarin red.the growth and mortality of european glass eel anguilla anguilla 192 days after marking with oxytetracycline and alizarin red s were not significantly different between the two treatments and not different to the unmarked a. anguilla.200920735541
depth distribution and biological characteristics of the european eel anguilla anguilla in lough ennell, ireland.using a longline survey, a total of 196 european eels anguilla anguilla were collected at different depths in lough ennell (maximum depth 30 m), central ireland. the catch per unit of effort of a. anguilla that were caught from 1 to 25 m depths was lowest at 0.5-5.0 m and greatest at the deepest depth range (22.5-25.0 m). sub-samples of a. anguilla from depths of <15 m showed little or no difference in size, sex ratio, age, growth rate, condition factor, length-mass relationship, gonado-somatic ...200920735604
magnetic particles associated with the lateral line of the european eel anguilla anguilla.magnetization measurements of the european eel anguilla anguilla demonstrated the presence of magnetic material concentrated in the region of the mandibular canals of the lateral line system. the data suggest that the material is magnetite, has a size suitable for magnetoreception and is of biogenic origin. the presence of magnetic particles in the lateral line system is discussed in relation to their possible role in allowing the fish to orientate with respect to the geomagnetic field during th ...200920735659
estimates of the mortality and the duration of the trans-atlantic migration of european eel anguilla anguilla leptocephali using a particle tracking model.using lagrangian simulations, based on circulation models over three different hydroclimatic periods in the last 45 years in the north atlantic ocean, the trans-atlantic migration of the european eel anguilla anguilla leptocephali was simulated via the passive drift of particles released in the spawning area. three different behaviours were modelled: drifting at fixed depth, undergoing a vertical migration or choosing the fastest currents. simulations included mortality hypotheses to estimate a ...200920735679
environmental determinism of year-to-year recruitment variability of european eel anguilla anguilla in a small coastal catchment, the frémur river, north-west france.the influence of environmental factors (mainly the river flow) on the year-to-year variability of european eel anguilla anguilla fluvial recruitment in a small coastal catchment, the frémur river (north-west france) was examined. a comprehensive survey of catches from fixed traps at two weirs located at 4.5 km (pont es omnes dam) and 6.0 km (bois joli dam) above the river mouth was carried out between 1997 and 2004. young pigmented elvers (mean +/-s.d. total length, 133.7 +/- 29.6 mm) were recru ...200920735684
swimming activity and behaviour of european anguilla anguilla glass eels in response to photoperiod and flow reversal and the role of energy status.to better understand migratory divergences among anguilla anguilla glass eels, the behaviour of individuals caught at the time of their estuary entrance was studied through their response to a light:dark cycle and then to both water current reversal and light:dark cycle. in a first experiment, fish moving with the flow in response to dusk (m(+) fish) and fish that had not exhibited any movement (m(-) fish) were distinguished. anguilla anguilla from these two groups were then individually marked ...200920735685
genetic composition of atlantic and mediterranean recruits of european eel anguilla anguilla based on est-linked microsatellite loci.anguilla anguilla glass eels arriving at two mediterranean and two atlantic sites were tested for differences in genetic composition between regions using a total of 23 microsatellite loci developed from an expressed sequence tag (est) library. hierarchical analysis of molecular variance indicated a non-significant difference between regions (mediterranean v. atlantic), which contrasted with the significant differences observed between samples within regions. the existence of a single spawning s ...200920735687
morphological and genetic seasonal dynamics of european eel anguilla anguilla recruitment in southern france.the fine scale morphological and genetic dynamics of successive waves of anguilla anguilla glass eel recruitment was studied over a 2 year period at a southern european mediterranean location (camargue, france) with continuous recruitment. using morphometric [total length (l(t)), mass (m), condition (k) and pigmentation stage] as well as genetic (allozyme) markers, the aim was to test for the existence of temporally separated spawning groups and explore the relation between genetic variability a ...200920735688
salinity-linked growth in anguillid eels and the paradox of temperate-zone catadromy.temperate-zone anguillid eels use both saline (marine or brackish) and fresh waters during their continental phase, but use of fresh waters is paradoxical because on average these fishes grow more rapidly in saline than in fresh waters. based on data from anguillid eels whose habitat-residency histories had been determined by sr:ca otolithometry, superiority of growth rates in saline water is much greater in american eels anguilla rostrata in north-eastern north america (mean saline:fresh growth ...200920735690
piscivory and trophic position of anguilla anguilla in two lakes: importance of macrozoobenthos density.the feeding habits of the european eel anguilla anguilla (>300 mm total length, l(t)) were compared in two lakes of different environmental state: lake grosser vätersee (lgv), germany (clear water, mesotrophic and submerged macrophytes), and lake vallum (lv), denmark (turbid, eutrophic and no submerged macrophytes). the density of macrozoobenthos was higher in lv (3500 individuals m(-2)) than in lgv (1500 individuals m(-2)). the abundance of small prey fishes (40-99 mm l(t)) was highest in lv. i ...200920735691
effects of commercial fishing and predation by cormorants on the anguilla anguilla stock of a shallow eutrophic lake.mortality of eels anguilla anguilla in a large shallow lake in france due to predation by the cormorant phalacrocorax carbo was found to be moderate when compared to fishery catches over a 9 year period. the results show that, contrary to previous extrapolations made at the pan-european scale, p. carbo predation in shallow lakes is not invariably a major contributor to a. anguilla mortality, even in the presence of large colonies.200920735692
route choices, migration speeds and daily migration activity of european silver eels anguilla anguilla in the river rhine, north-west europe.downstream migration of anguilla anguilla silver eels was studied in the lower rhine, germany, and the rhine delta, the netherlands, in 2004-2006. fish (n = 457) released near cologne with implanted transponders were tracked by remote telemetry at 12 fixed detection locations distributed along the different possible migration routes to the north sea. relatively more a. anguilla migrated via the waal than the nederrijn, as would be expected from the ratio of river discharges at the bifurcation po ...200920735693
effects of the swimbladder parasite anguillicola crassus on the migration of european silver eels anguilla anguilla in the baltic sea.in a mark-recapture study in 2006, migrating european anguilla anguilla silver eels were caught, tagged and released in the baltic sea and recaptures in commercial pound nets examined for possible effects on migration of infection with the swimbladder parasite anguillicola crassus. the overall recapture rate was 36%. the prevalence of infection was lowest at the northernmost sampling site. there were no significant differences between infected and uninfected a. anguilla in condition indices, bod ...200920735694
size selectivity of fyke nets for european eel anguilla anguilla.size selectivity of fyke nets for european eels anguilla anguilla was investigated by reviewing the results of published experimental studies. a general size selectivity model was then derived that can be easily incorporated into demographic models to simulate population dynamics, assess and monitor abundance and length structure of eel stocks and forecast the consequences of different management options.200920735696
do otolith annular structures correspond to the first freshwater entry for yellow european eels anguilla anguilla in the baltic countries?to examine the relationship between freshwater entry and otolith annular structures, a total of 113 naturally recruited european eels anguilla anguilla from lithuania and latvia that entered fresh water at least once were collected. in some individuals (8.3-11.3%), the first freshwater entry coincided with a dark check that was distinctly different from neighbouring annuli. in most individuals (81.7-84.9%), the first freshwater entry occurred on rings and increments indistinguishable from other ...200920738518
influence of oceanic factors on anguilla anguilla (l.) over the twentieth century in coastal habitats of the skagerrak, southern norway.the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) is distributed in coastal and inland habitats all over europe, but spawns in the sargasso sea and is thus affected by both continental and oceanic factors. since the 1980s a steady decline has been observed in the recruitment of glass eels to freshwater and in total eel landings. the eel is considered as critically endangered on the international union for the conservation of nature and natural resources red list of species. the skagerrak beach seine surve ...201120798112
determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish tissues by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry: case study on european eel (anguilla anguilla) from mediterranean coastal lagoons.this paper describes the development and validation of an analytical methodology to determine 28 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) in european eel (anguilla anguilla) tissues using matrix solid-phase dispersion (mspd) and gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (gc-qqq-ms/ms). a total of 28 pbdes were targeted, including tri- to deca-brominated congeners. the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed sample preparation procedure was demonstrated in lipid-rich ee ...201020800720
occurrence of priority hazardous pahs in water, suspended particulate matter, sediment and common eels (anguilla anguilla) in the urban stretch of the river tiber (italy).this study investigated the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in water, suspended particulate matter (spm), bed sediment and common eels (anguilla anguilla) in the urban stretch of the river tiber (italy). the selected pahs, fluoranthene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, belong to the ec priority list of dangerous substances. spm was found to be the most polluted compartment, with values ranging from 166 ...201020932548
the catecholamine release-inhibitory peptide catestatin (chromogranin a344-363) modulates myocardial function in fish.catestatin (cst), the 21-amino acid, cationic and hydrophobic peptide proteolytically derived from the ubiquitous chromogranin a (cga), is an endogenous inhibitor of catecholamine release, a potent vasodilator in vivo and an anti-hypertensive agent in mammals, including humans. recently, we discovered that cst also functions as an important negative modulator of heart performance in frog and rat. to gain an evolutionary perspective on cst cardiotropism in fish, we analysed the influence of bovin ...201020952611
what can we learn from monitoring pcbs in the european eel? a belgian experience.between 2000 and 2007 pooled muscle tissue samples of the european eel (anguilla anguilla) from 48 sites in flanders (belgium) were analysed for 30 polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners. there was a large variation between individual sites (range 11-7752 ng/g wet weight (ww) for the sum of the ices 7 pcbs), eels from the river meuse basin (mean 1545 ng/g ww) being considerably more polluted than those from the river scheldt (615) and ijzer (61) basins. overall, pcb 153, pcb 138 and pcb 180 we ...201121075450
the in vitro effect of bovine lactoferrin on the activity of organ leukocytes in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), european eel (anguilla anguilla) and wels catfish (silurus glanis).lactoferrin (lf) is a glycoprotein found in milk, neutrophil granules, secretions and selected organs of mammals. lactoferrin exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, fungicidal, immunoregulatory and other functions. although fish are devoid of this protein and its cell receptors, lf effect on the immune mechanisms of fish has been demonstrated. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of bovine lactoferrin, applied in vitro, on the activity of head kidney and spleen leukocytes in thr ...201021077435
sequencing, de novo annotation and analysis of the first anguilla anguilla transcriptome: eeelbase opens new perspectives for the study of the critically endangered european eel.once highly abundant, the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.; anguillidae; teleostei) is considered to be critically endangered and on the verge of extinction, as the stock has declined by 90-99% since the 1980s. yet, the species is poorly characterized at molecular level with little sequence information available in public databases.201021080939
temperature dependency of element incorporation into european eel (anguilla anguilla) otoliths.the present study experimentally tested the influence of water temperature on the inclusion of 15 elements into juvenile european eel (anguilla anguilla) otoliths in freshwater. it should be investigated (1) if temperature effects on otolith sr/ca might impair the interpretation of migration studies and (2) if the elemental composition of otoliths can be used to reconstruct experienced temperature histories of eels. therefore, eels were kept under full experimental conditions at three different ...201121107822
an evaluation of indices of gross pathology associated with the nematode anguillicoloides crassus in eels.this study compares two alternative indices for quantifying the gross pathology of the swimbladder of eels, anguilla anguilla (l.), infected with the nematode anguillicoloides crassus. two observers recorded twice the scores obtained by the two indices on the same set of 71 wild caught eels (from elver to silver eels, french mediterranean lagoons). the length ratio index (lri), performed better than the swimbladder degenerative index (sdi), in three of four predefined criteria of decision. first ...201021118268
development and validation of a two-step real-time rt-pcr for the detection of eel virus european x in european eel, anguilla anguilla.eel virus european x (evex) is one of the most common pathogenic viruses in farmed and wild european eel (anguilla anguilla) in the netherlands. the virus causes a hemorrhagic disease resulting in increased mortality rates. cell culture and antibody-based detection of evex are laborious and time consuming. therefore, a two-step real-time reverse transcriptase (rt-)pcr assay was developed for rapid detection of evex. primers and probe for the assay were designed based on a sequence of the rna pol ...201121126538
genetic patchiness in european eel adults evidenced by molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling.disentangling the demographic processes that determine the genetic structure of a given species is a fundamental question in conservation and management. in the present study, the population structure of the european eel was examined with a multidisciplinary approach combining the fields of molecular genetics and population dynamics modelling. first, we analyzed a total of 346 adult specimens of known age collected in three separate sample sites using a large panel of 22 est-linked microsatellit ...201121129491
enhancement of protective immunity in european eel (anguilla anguilla) against aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria by a recombinant aeromonas outer membrane protein.to develop a vaccine, which can simultaneously prevent the diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria in fish, we try to find a conserved outer membrane protein (omp) antigen from different bacterial pathogens. in this study, an omp fragment of 747 bp (named as omp-g), which was highly conserved in seven aeromonas omp sequences from the ncbi database, was amplified by pcr from one aeromonas sobria strain (b10) and two aeromonas hydrophila strains (b27 and b33) with the designed specific prim ...201021148192
topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of bucephalus anguillae (digenea: bucephalidae), a parasite of the european eel anguilla anguilla (osteichthyen: anguillidae).the tegumental ultrastructure of the intestinal fluke bucephalus anguillae was studied with the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the surface of the tegument is covered by transverse ridges from which protrude numerous closely packed, digitated, and claw-shaped spines. cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on the crescent-shaped formation of the rhynchus and at the posterior part of the body. three types of sensory structures were examined, i.e., 2 uniciliated ...201021158617
[cdna cloning and tissue-differential expression of na+/k+/2cl(-)-cotransporter 1-alpha isoform in sarotherodon melanotheron].the gills are the major apparatus for osmoregulation in fish to acclimate the changes of salinities. na+/k+/2cl(-)cotransporter 1-alpha (nkcc1 alpha) is one of the key ion cotransporter locoalized in gill chloride cells which has been associated with the maintence of osmotic homeostasis. the transport process mediated by nkcc1 alpha is characterized by electroneutrality with a stoichiometry of 1na:1k:2cl. sarotherodon melanotheron is one of the most euryhaline teleosts able to withstand variatio ...201021174349
the european eel-the swim bladder-nematode system provides a new view of the invasion paradox.it is widely assumed that the likelihood of invasion decreases with increased species richness in the recipient community. however, the invasion paradox supports a negative and a positive relationship between native biodiversity and the success of an invader. here, we show that for a host-parasite system (anguilla anguilla as host and anguillicoloides crassus as parasitic invader), invasion increases with native micro- and macroparasitic species richness. in fact, about 30% of the a. crassus int ...201021184096
the decline of the european eel anguilla anguilla: quantifying and managing escapement to support conservation.a method was developed to quantify the number and biomass of european eels anguilla anguilla escaping to the ocean for breeding. the non-intrusive method, involving a fixed-position, high-frequency multi-beam sonar, permitted constant surveillance of a. anguilla movements throughout their 5 month escapement season (july to december). during this period, >1000 individuals were monitored escaping to the atlantic ocean from their freshwater habitat in the river huntspill study site (somerset, u.k.) ...201121235544
assessing sediment hazard through a weight of evidence approach with bioindicator organisms: a practical model to elaborate data from sediment chemistry, bioavailability, biomarkers and ecotoxicological bioassays.quality assessments are crucial to all activities related to removal and management of sediments. following a multidisciplinary, weight of evidence approach, a new model is presented here for comprehensive assessment of hazards associated to polluted sediments. the lines of evidence considered were sediment chemistry, assessment of bioavailability, sub-lethal effects on biomarkers, and ecotoxicological bioassays. a conceptual and software-assisted model was developed with logical flow-charts ela ...201121239037
prolonged feed deprivation does not permanently compromise digestive function in migrating european glass eels anguilla anguilla.the effects of prolonged feed deprivation (40 days at 18° c) and re-feeding (30 days) on body mass, growth and the activity of selected pancreatic and intestinal enzymes were evaluated in migrating european glass eels anguilla anguilla by comparison with a control group fed to satiation with hake merluccius merluccius roe for the duration of the experiment. feed deprivation resulted in mass loss and a reduction in digestive function, as revealed by a decrease in the total and specific activities ...201121284636
all roads lead to home: panmixia of european eel in the sargasso sea.european eels (anguilla anguilla) spawn in the remote sargasso sea in partial sympatry with american eels (anguilla rostrata), and juveniles are transported more than 5000 km back to the european and north african coasts. the two species have been regarded as classic textbook examples of panmixia, each comprising a single, randomly mating population. however, several recent studies based on continental samples have found subtle, but significant, genetic differentiation, interpreted as geographic ...201121299662
in vitro aerobic and anaerobic muscle capacities in the european eel, anguilla anguilla: effects of a swimming session.in order to have a general view of metabolic requirements during swimming, in vitro aerobic and anaerobic fluxes were measured in red and white muscles from silver eels and yellow eels which differ in activity levels and nutritional states. these measurements were performed in control eels and after a 4 day swimming session (70% u(crit) in yellow eels, 80% u(crit) in silver eels). a swimming session significantly increases u(crit) from 12% to 18%, depending on the stage, with a significantly hig ...201121316488
migratory life history of european eel anguilla anguilla from freshwater regions of the river asi, southern turkey and their high otolith sr:ca ratios.otolith sr:ca ratios from 32 of 34 european eel anguilla anguilla collected from three freshwater sites in the river asi, southern turkey, indicated that they were resident in fresh water without apparent exposure to salt water since the elver stage. the sr:ca ratio criterion indicative of residence in fresh water was more than twice that of values from other european countries. otolith sr:ca ratios of a. anguilla from fresh waters can vary among regions, possibly reflecting regional-specific wa ...201121366578
the european eel quality database: towards a pan-european monitoring of eel quality.the stocks of the european eel anguilla anguilla are in decline and there is an increasing awareness that poor health status due to contaminants and/or diseases might be a key element in this decline and might be a hindrance to recovery. many countries have started compiling data on the health status of eels in their water bodies. objectives for these monitoring actions are diverse and there is a large amount of information collected by eu member countries. however, this information is widely sc ...201121374055
kinematics of swimming in two burrowing anguilliform fishes.anguilliform or eel-like fishes are typically bottom dwellers, some of which are specialized burrowers. although specializations for burrowing are predicted to affect the kinematics of swimming, it remains unknown to what extent this is actually the case. here we examine swimming kinematics and efficiency of two burrowing anguilliform species, pisodonophis boro and heteroconger hassi, with different degrees of specialization for burrowing. our data suggest that differences in the swimming kinema ...201121392954
first artificial hybrid of the eel species anguilla australis and anguilla anguilla.studies on artificial hybridization of different anguilla species were conducted recently, i.e. female a. australis with male a. dieffenbachii, and female a. japonica with male a. anguilla. the existence of these artificial hybrids was however not demonstrated by independent genetic methods. two species - a. anguilla and a. australis - that are phylogenetically close but have different sexual maturation times (12-25 weeks and 6-8 weeks, respectively), were expected to produce favourable hybrids ...201121396126
video tracking in the extreme: a new possibility for tracking nocturnal underwater transparent animals with fluorescent elastomer tags.initially developed so that an individual could be recognized in mark-recapture studies of aquatic animals, fluorescent visible implant elastomer (vie) tags are used here for a new application in ethometry: the study of the behavior of transparent animals in dim light or in darkness using automatic tracking technology. the application and validation of this multitracking method is tested in the context of research on the estuarine migratory behavior of the glass eel (anguilla anguilla), a crucia ...201121416308
fitness consequences of individual specialisation in resource use and trophic morphology in european eels.individual specialisation can lead to the exploitation of different trophic and habitat resources and the production of morphological variability within a population. although the ecological causes of this phenomenon are relatively well known, its consequences on individual fitness are less recognised. we have investigated the extent of individual specialisation in resource use and trophic morphology and its fitness consequences through a combination of tagging-recapture, stable isotope analyses ...201121455773
too short to spawn? implications of small body size and swimming distance on successful migration and maturation of the european eel anguilla anguilla.individual net fat reserves after migration and reproductive investments were calculated for migrating female silver eels anguilla anguilla (n = 387) collected in the outlet region of the baltic sea during the autumn run. it is estimated that 20·4% of the a. anguilla had completely exhausted all initial fat reserves and that 45·0% of a. anguilla were within 90% of complete energy depletion after migration and reproduction. this study concludes that a combination of body size and distance (6900 k ...201121463308
heavy metals and organochlorinated compounds in the european eel (anguilla anguilla) from the adour estuary and associated wetlands (france).heavy metals and organic pollutants were investigated in the adour estuary (south west france) and associated wetlands using the european eel (anguilla anguilla) as a bioindicator. heavy metals (cu, cd, zn, pb, and ag) were measured in soft tissue of yellow eels. mercury (total hg and mehg) and organochlorinated compounds (7 pcbs, 11 ocps) were analysed in muscle. concentrations in muscle were in agreement with moderately contaminated environments in europe and were below the norms fixed for eel ...201121468402
an infection of gyrodactylus anguillae ergens, 1960 (monogenea) associated with the mortality of glass eels (anguilla anguilla l.) on the north-western mediterranean sea board of spain.the association of gyrodactylus anguillae ergens, 1960 with the glass eel stage of anguilla anguilla (l.) (total body length 61.4±4.9mm; range 55-70) is reported from the north-western mediterranean coast of spain for the first time. a sample of 12,600 glass eels, caught by professional fishermen operating in the mouth of the rivers fluvià, la muga and ter (north-east spain), was subject to mortalities of ∼1.75% of stock/day following transfer to a research facility. subsequent losses over a 31- ...201121482028
the use of eugenol and electro-narcosis as anaesthetics: transcriptional impacts on the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.).ecotoxicological studies aim to assess the potential environmental risks of various products. this implies the use of various biological models and tests on live animals. in case of handling fish and mammals, ethical rules have to be respected. the use of anaesthesia is considered to be the best way to ensure animal welfare. eugenol and electro-narcosis are among the most popular chemical and physical anaesthetics used in fisheries and by field biologists. in this study, the genetic and endocrin ...201121531020
early marine migration of european silver eel anguilla anguilla in northern norway.to study the migratory behaviour in wild northern european silver eel anguilla anguilla during sea entry and early marine migration, 32 individuals were tagged with acoustic transmitters and registered at four automatic listening station arrays from the mouth of the north norwegian river alta and throughout the alta fjord. the a. anguilla entered the fjord during all parts of the tidal cycle and did not seem to utilize the outgoing tidal currents. they migrated mainly during the night, in both t ...201121539549
catadromous eels continue to be slippery research subjects.as adults, atlantic eels (anguilla rostrata in the americas and anguilla anguilla in europe) are tubular slime-covered fish that spend most of their catadromous life-cycle in coastal environs before swimming far out to sea to reproduce, as part of an intergenerational migratory circuit that provides an interesting reversal of the pattern displayed by adult anadromous salmon that live mostly in the ocean but then migrate long distances to spawn in freshwater streams. earlier genetic findings on a ...201121544942
isolation and characterization of expressed sequence tag-linked microsatellite loci for the european eel (anguilla anguilla).a european eel (anguilla anguilla) expressed sequence tag database consisting of 795 contigs and 4008 singletons was screened for microsatellites sequences. primers were designed to amplify 96 repeats, of which 86 gave good quality amplification products. twenty-eight microsatellites were selected for further microsatellite genotyping. only two loci were found to be monomorphic; out of the 26 polymorphic loci, number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 14, while the observed and expected het ...200921564612
identification of anguilla anguilla (l.) and anguilla rostrata (le sueur) and their hybrids based on a diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism in nuclear 18s rdna.the variability of the nuclear 18s rdna was examined for 10 species of freshwater eels: anguilla anguilla, a. australis, a. dieffenbachii, a. japonica, a. marmorata, a. mossambica, a. nebulosa labiata, a. obscura, a. reinhardtii and a. rostrata. we observed that a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) separated a. anguilla and a. japonica from the remaining taxa. while this snp marker may be used to identify hypothetical hybrids of a. japonica and sympatric eel species, we focused on atlantic eel ...201021565005
isolation and characterization of 12 dinucleotide microsatellites in the european eel, anguilla anguilla l., and tests of amplification in other species of eels.twelve polymorphic dinucelotide microsatellites in the freshwater eel anguilla anguilla l. were isolated and characterized. genetic diversity was assessed in eels from lake constance, germany. allele numbers ranged from five to 26 per locus with observed heterozygosities between 0.125 and 0.875. a portion of locus aangct77 aligns with a transcribed region of the zebrafish gene crystallin beta b2. cross-species amplification of most markers was possible for nine other anguilla eel species. the ne ...200821586052
dramatic effect of pop-up satellite tags on eel swimming.the journey of the european eel to the spawning area in the sargasso sea is still a mystery. several trials have been carried out to follow migrating eels with pop-up satellite tags (psats), without much success. as eels are very efficient swimmers, tags likely interfere with their high swimming efficiency. here we report a more than twofold increase in swimming cost caused by a regular small satellite tag. the impact was determined at a range of swimming speeds with and without tag in a 2-m swi ...201121594613
surface features of the monogenean gill parasites pseudodactylogyrus anguillae and pseudodactylogyrus bini from the european eel anguilla anguilla in egypt.in the present study, scanning electron microscopy is used to demonstrate the surface features of pseudodactylogyrus anguillae yin and sproston (1948) gussev, 1965 and pseudodactylogyrus bini kikuchi (1929) gussev, 1965 from the european eel anguilla anguilla. specimens of the eel a. anguilla were collected from the river nile, near mansoura, dakahlia province, egypt. morphologically, p. anguillae could be distinguished from p. bini based on the total length, the shape and size of the haptor, an ...201121647675
experimental quantification of the swimming performance and behaviour of spawning run river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis and european eel anguilla anguilla.using a large-scale open-channel flume, the swimming ability and behaviour of individual adult european eel anguilla anguilla and river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis, species that exhibit anguilliform locomotion, were quantified under complex hydraulic conditions created by a 0·2-0·3 m high under- or overshot weir during four discharge regimes. fishes were allowed to approach the weirs from both up- and downstream. all fishes passed the undershot weir, independent of discharge and direction of mo ...201121651544
first evidence for a direct inhibitory effect of kisspeptins on lh expression in the eel, anguilla anguilla.the kisspeptin system has emerged as one of the main puberty gatekeepers among vertebrates. the european eel (anguilla anguilla) is a remarkable model due to its phylogenetical position at the basis of teleosts, and its unique life cycle with a blockade of puberty before reproductive migration. we cloned the full-length coding sequence of a kisspeptin receptor (kissr) in the eel. comparison of kissr sequences assigned the eel kissr to a basal position in a clade including most of the known teleo ...201121679713
pop up satellite tags impair swimming performance and energetics of the european eel (anguilla anguilla).pop-up satellite archival tags (psats) have recently been applied in attempts to follow the oceanic spawning migration of the european eel. psats are quite large, and in all likelihood their hydraulic drag constitutes an additional cost during swimming, which remains to be quantified, as does the potential implication for successful migration. silver eels (l(t) = 598.6±29 mm sd, n = 9) were subjected to swimming trials in a steffensen-type swim tunnel at increasing speeds of 0.3-0.9 body lengths ...201121687674
metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in bile as biomarkers of pollution in european eel (anguilla anguilla) from german rivers.in the light of the alarming decline of the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) population, there is an urgent need to define ecological indicators for eel habitat quality. due to an increasing shortage of glass eels available for local stock enhancement, the decision of whether restocking is a valuable management tool to increase high-quality silver eel escapement to the sea needs to be evaluated. organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), are among the major threats ...201221706228
reproduction of european eel jeopardised by high levels of dioxins and dioxin-like pcbs?dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were analysed in muscle tissue from yellow phased european eel (anguilla anguilla) from 38 sites in belgium. dioxin concentrations in eel vary considerably between sampling locations, indicating that yellow eel is a good indicator of local pollution levels. measured levels of dioxin-like pcbs are much higher than those of the dioxins and furans. in the majority of the sites, eel has levels considered to be detrimental for their rep ...201121714990
cholinesterase activities and sensitivity to pesticides in different tissues of silver european eel, anguilla anguilla.cholinesterase (che) activities were characterized in silver european eel, anguilla anguilla, grown in the brackish lagoon of comacchio (italy). all specimens were harvested at the "lavoriero", a traditional eel trapping weir that captures eels while leaving internal waters at the onset of reproductive migration. to our knowledge, no investigation on che was reported in silver eels. therefore a first characterization of enzyme activity in muscle, brain, liver and plasma of silver eel was carried ...201121777695
morphological and histochemical study of intestine in wild and reared european eel (anguilla anguilla l.).diet-related differences between the ratio of intestine length to body size and the enzymatic activity in the intestinal tract of wild and reared european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) were studied. compared with reared eel, wild eel showed significantly shorter relative intestine length. for the purpose of histochemical examination, different parts (anterior, middle and posterior) of intestine proper were used. activities of non-specific esterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, and aminopeptidase ...201221818542
influence of temperature regime on endocrine parameters and vitellogenesis during experimental maturation of european eel (anguilla anguilla) females.we examined the effect of temperature in european silver eels during their maturation induced by injections of carp pituitary extract on endocrine parameters: pituitary fshβ and lhβ expression, plasma 17β-estradiol (e2) and vitellogenin, estrogen receptor 1 (esr1), and vitellogenin 2 (vtg2) expression in liver. a variable thermal regime (t10) that increased from 10° to 14° and 17°c was compared with a constant 20°c regime (t20) during 12 weeks. t10 caused a faster development until week 8, highe ...201121871894
an invasion record for the swimbladder nematode anguillicoloides crassus in european eel anguilla anguilla in a deep cold-monomictic lake, from invasion to steady state.this study is the first account of the establishment and development of the neozoic nematode parasite anguillicoloides crassus in its host, the european eel anguilla anguilla, in a deep, cold-monomictic lake. a 21 year study of a. crassus took place in upper lake constance (ulc), europe's second largest pre-alpine lake. the study included two extensive surveys, one in 1991 during the initial parasite invasion phase and the second in 2006 when the infection was well established. the subtropical s ...201121884109
The alloherpesviral counterparts of interleukin 10 in European eel and common carp.Viral interleukin 10 (IL-10) like open reading frames have been identified in several pox- and herpesviruses, including the fish herpesviruses Anguillid herpesvirus 1 (AngHV-1) and Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3). European eel (Anguilla anguilla) IL-10 was sequenced, in order to compare European eel and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) IL-10 with their alloherpesviral counterparts. Homology between the virus and host IL-10 amino acid sequences is low, which is confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. Ho ...201121907290
persistent organic pollutants (pops) in fish collected from the urban tract of the river tiber in rome (italy).european eel and chub samples were analyzed to determine the levels of non-dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls (ndl-pcbs), polychlorodibenzodioxins (pcdds) and polychlorodibenzofurans (pcdfs), dioxin-like pcbs (dl-pcbs), and brominated polybromodiphenyl ethers (pbdes) in order to evaluate the extent of contamination of the river tiber along the urban tract through the city of rome (italy). all samples presented detectable levels of the chemicals analyzed, and exhibited species-specific differences i ...201121952158
identification and localization of the structural proteins of anguillid herpesvirus 1.abstract: many of the known fish herpesviruses have important aquaculture species as their natural host, and may cause serious disease and mortality. anguillid herpesvirus 1 (anghv-1) causes a hemorrhagic disease in european eel, anguilla anguilla. despite their importance, fundamental molecular knowledge on fish herpesviruses is still limited. in this study we describe the identification and localization of the structural proteins of anghv-1. purified virions were fractionated into a capsid-teg ...201121975111
a multidisciplinary weight of evidence approach for classifying polluted sediments: integrating sediment chemistry, bioavailability, biomarkers responses and bioassays.evaluation of chemical bioavailability and onset of biological alterations is fundamental to assess the hazard of environmental pollutants, particularly when associated to sediments which need to be removed. in the present work, five sediment samples were collected from the venice lagoon and data from sediment chemistry were integrated with those of bioaccumulation of chemicals in european eel (anguilla anguilla) exposed under laboratory conditions, responses of a wide battery of biomarkers, and ...201221982029
Pituitary gonadotropins FSH and LH are oppositely regulated by the activin/follistatin system in a basal teleost, the eel.European eels are blocked at a prepubertal silver stage due to a deficient production of pituitary gonadotropins. We investigated the potential role of activin/follistatin system in the control of eel gonadotropins. Through the development of qPCR assays for European eel activin ß(B) and follistatin, we first analyzed the tissue distribution of the expression of these two genes. Both activin ß(B) and follistatin are expressed in the brain, pituitary and gonads. In addition, a striking expression ...201222019479
the effect of metals on condition and pathologies of european eel (anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments.forty-nine wild eels (anguilla anguilla) caught in the albufera lake (spain), measuring 24.0-75.0cm in length and 25.0-637.7g in weight, were examined for metals (cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, mn, pb, se and zn), condition (ci and hsi indices), as well as for diseases (anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (w(b)>200g; l≥500mm) exhibited the highest amounts of ...201122030412
molecular and biochemical biomarkers in environmental monitoring: a comparison of biotransformation and antioxidant defense systems in multiple tissues.the cytochrome p450 pathway and antioxidant responses are known for their responsiveness to environmental pollutants and are frequently used as biomarkers at the transcriptional, translational and catalytic levels. although molecular responses are often assumed to reflect similar changes in enzyme function, several factors can influence intracellular effects, including mrna stability and protein turnover, signal sensing and transduction, post-translational modifications of proteins, and multiple ...201122099345
topography and ultrastructure of the tegument of lecithochirium musculus (digenea: hemiuridae), a parasite of the european eel anguilla anguilla (osteichthyes: anguillidae).the tegumental ultrastructure of the stomach fluke lecithochirium musculus was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the surface of the tegument was smooth and covered by transverse cytoplasmic ridges. cobblestone-like units of the tegument were observed on the ventral surface. invagination and evagination of the ecsoma induced variations in the tegumental surface. the ultrastructural study revealed that the tegument of l. musculus had a typical syncytial organization with ...201222109611
myxosporean hyperparasites of gill monogeneans are basal to the multivalvulida.myxosporeans are known from aquatic annelids but parasitism of platyhelminths by myxosporeans has not been widely reported. hyperparasitism of gill monogeneans by myxidium giardi has been reported from the european eel and myxidium-like hyperparasites have also been observed during studies of gill monogeneans from malaysia and japan.the present study aimed to collect new hyperparasite material from malaysia for morphological and molecular descriptions. in addition, pcr screening of host fish was ...201122115202
induced oogenesis of the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) in freshwater condition.european eel is a catadromous fish species, which means that after living in freshwater premature individuals adapt to sea water, and migrate to the sargasso sea for spawning. although male eel can be sexually matured even in freshwater, to date, it was believed that female eel can be matured only in seawater. here we show that the process of sexual maturation may be induced in freshwater by treating female eels with carp pituitary (gsi = 9.87 ± 1.55%). it is thus proposed that seawater conditio ...201122119876
time trends in fish populations in metropolitan france: insights from national monitoring data.using the electrofishing database of the french national agency for water and aquatic environment (onema), the time trends of 48 freshwater fish taxa at 590 sites monitored for at least 8 years from 1990 to 2009 were investigated. the results demonstrated that species richness increased steadily from the beginning of the monitoring period. this is congruent with the finding that the number of species displaying a significant increase in spatial distribution or abundance was greater than those sh ...201122136235
changes in hormonal profile, gonads and sperm quality of argyrosomus regius (pisces, scianidae) during the first sexual differentiation and maturation.in the present study, sexual gonadal differentiation and first sexual maturation of meagre (argyrosomus regius) was studied, based upon the annual changes in gonadosomatic index (gsi), gonadal histology, and the plasma steroid hormones, testosterone (t), 11-ketotestosterone (11-kt), and estradiol (e2). in addition, spermatozoa characteristics were evaluated by measuring sperm motility and morphology. results demonstrated that meagre completes sex differentiation at 10 to 12 mo of age, and are gr ...201222153261
Confirmation of the hosts involved in the life cycle of an acanthocephalan parasite of Anguilla anguilla (L.) from Lake Piediluco and its effect on the reproductive potential of its amphipod intermediate host.A total of 37 European eels, Anguilla anguilla, collected from Lake Piediluco, Central Italy, and measuring 35 to 75.5 cm in total length (mean±1 SD, 56.41?±?10.89 cm) were examined, and their acanthocephalan infections assessed. Thirty-two (86.49%) eels were infected with Acanthocephalus rhinensis (mean±1 SD, 67.38?±?65.16; range, 1-350), a species that, purportedly, can be discriminated on the basis of a characteristic band of orange-brown pigmentation encircling the anterior end of the trunk. ...201122167374
biomonitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in heavily polluted aquatic environment in different fish species.the distribution and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in fish species (european perch perca fluviatilis, northern pike esox lucius, pike perch sander lucioperca, wels catfish silirus glanus, common carp cyprinus carpio, european eel anguilla anguilla, freshwater bream abramis brama, goldfish carassius auratus, and roach rutilus rutilus) in a heavily polluted water reservoir zemplínska šírava (slovakia). the study performed at two different time points 5 years ap ...201222173787
an 8-year study on the elimination of pcbs and other organochlorine compounds from eel (anguilla anguilla) under natural conditions. 199422176041
the silvering process of european eel (anguilla anguilla) influences pah metabolite concentrations in bile fluid: consequences for monitoring.the stock of the catadromous european eel (anguilla anguilla l.) continues to decline and there is growing evidence that poor health status due to contaminants might be a key element in this decrease. organic contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) belong to the major threats to yellow eel in their growth habitat and their metabolites are detectable in the bile. starting the silvering process eels undergo physiological and morphological changes including cessation of feeding ...201222209300
dna damage in fish (anguilla anguilla) exposed to a glyphosate-based herbicide -- elucidation of organ-specificity and the role of oxidative stress.organophosphate herbicides are among the most dangerous agrochemicals for the aquatic environment. in this context, roundup(®), a glyphosate-based herbicide, has been widely detected in natural water bodies, representing a potential threat to non-target organisms, namely fish. thus, the main goal of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of roundup(®) in the teleost fish anguilla anguilla, addressing the possible causative involvement of oxidative stress. fish were exposed to ...201222266476
do ocean-based wind farms alter the migration pattern in the endangered european silver eel (anguilla anguilla) due to noise disturbance? 201222278527
fish welfare assurance system: initial steps to set up an effective tool to safeguard and monitor farmed fish welfare at a company level.the objective was to take a first step in the development of a process-oriented quality assurance (qa) system for monitoring and safeguarding of fish welfare at a company level. a process-oriented approach is focused on preventing hazards and involves establishment of critical steps in a process that requires careful control. the seven principles of the hazard analysis critical control points (haccp) concept were used as a framework to establish the qa system. haccp is an internationally agreed ...201222278705
ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of acanthocephaloides incrassatus (molin, 1858) (acanthocephala, paleacanthocephala, arhythmacanthidae) from anguilla anguilla (pisces, teleostei) in urbino ponds (corsica island).this study deals with first ultrastructure features of acanthocephaloides incrassatus (paleacanthocephala, arhythmacanthidae), a parasite of the fish anguilla anguilla, reported for the first time in a mediterranean pond. the spermiogenesis of a. incrassatus shows original specificities which have never been pointed out to this day in ultrastructural studies on spermiogenesis: the centriolar derivative is divided into two parts of different densities: an electron-dense, and the other, electron-l ...201222307764
comparative genomics reveals adaptive protein evolution and a possible cytonuclear incompatibility between european and american eels.during the early stages of speciation, interspecific gene flow may be impeded by deleterious epistatic interactions in hybrids, which maintain parental allelic combinations at the speciation genes. the resulting semipermeable nature of the barrier to interspecific gene flow provides a valuable framework to identify the genes involved in hybrid mortality or sterility, as well as the evolutionary mechanisms that initially caused their divergence. the two atlantic eels anguilla anguilla and a. rost ...201222362081
primitive duplicate hox clusters in the european eel's genome.the enigmatic life cycle and elongated body of the european eel (anguilla anguilla l., 1758) have long motivated scientific enquiry. recently, eel research has gained in urgency, as the population has dwindled to the point of critical endangerment. we have assembled a draft genome in order to facilitate advances in all provinces of eel biology. here, we use the genome to investigate the eel's complement of the hox developmental transcription factors. we show that unlike any other teleost fish, t ...201222384188
differential timing of gene expression regulation between leptocephali of the two anguilla eel species in the sargasso sea.the unique life-history characteristics of north atlantic catadromous eels have long intrigued evolutionary biologists, especially with respect to mechanisms that could explain their persistence as two ecologically very similar but reproductively and geographically distinct species. differential developmental schedules during young larval stages have commonly been hypothesized to represent such a key mechanism. we performed a comparative analysis of gene expression by means of microarray experim ...201122393514
complete genomic sequence and taxonomic position of eel virus european x (evex), a rhabdovirus of european eel.eel virus european x (evex) was first isolated from diseased european eel anguilla anguilla in japan at the end of seventies. the virus was tentatively classified into the rhabdoviridae family on the basis of morphology and serological cross reactivity. this family of viruses is organized into six genera and currently comprises approximately 200 members, many of which are still unassigned because of the lack of molecular data. this work presents the morphological, biochemical and genetic charact ...201222401847
swim bladder nematodes (anguillicoloides crassus) disturb silvering in european eels (anguilla anguilla).the introduced parasite anguillicoloides crassus is thought to play an important role in the decline of freshwater eel (anguilla spp.) populations. these nematodes are known to negatively affect many fitness-related traits in eels. we used experimental infections to study the effect of a. crassus on the relative size or mass of organs, and the expression of functionally relevant genes (total of 12 parameters) that are involved in the silvering process of anguilla anguilla. our results showed tha ...201222404329
metals in edible fish from vistula river and dead vistula river channel, baltic sea.metals including al, ba, ca, cd, co, cr, cu, fe, hg, k, mg, mn, na, ni, pb, sr and zn were determined in muscle tissue of 12 fish species by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (icp-aes) and cold vapour-atomic absorption spectroscopy (cv-aas). fish were collected from vistula river at lower course and dead vistula river channel in south of baltic sea in poland. the fish species examined include round goby (neogobius melanostomus), crucian carp (carassius carassius), bull-rout ...201222428891
fish peripheral blood mononuclear cells preparation for future monitoring applications.fish species possess many specific characteristics that support their use in ecotoxicology. widely used in clinical research, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) can reasonably be exploited as relevant target cells in the assessment of environmental chemical toxicity. the current article focuses on the methods necessary to isolate, characterize, and culture fish pbmcs. these procedures were successfully applied on an endangered species, the european eel (anguilla anguilla l.), and on an e ...201222497769
development and validation of a range of endogenous controls to support the implementation of practical taqman real-time pcr-based surveillance for fish diseases within aquaculture.the use of taqman real-time pcr-based technology has recently become more frequent in the detection of pathogens in the aquaculture industry. this interest has necessitated the development of robust and reliable pathogen-detection assays. the development of a range of endogenous control assays to be run alongside these diagnostic assays works to further increase confidence in the latter. this study describes the design of a range of endogenous control assays based on the elongation factor 1-α (e ...201222524565
differential genotoxicity of roundup(®) formulation and its constituents in blood cells of fish (anguilla anguilla): considerations on chemical interactions and dna damaging mechanisms.it has been widely recognized that pesticides represent a potential threat in aquatic ecosystems. however, the knowledge on the genotoxicity of pesticides to fish is still limited. moreover, genotoxic studies have been almost exclusively focused on the active ingredients, whereas the effect of adjuvants is frequently ignored. hence, the present study addressed the herbicide roundup®, evaluating the relative contribution of the active ingredient (glyphosate) and the surfactant (polyethoxylated am ...201222526921
genomics in eels--towards aquaculture and biology.freshwater eels (genus anguilla), especially the species inhabiting the temperate areas such as the european, american and japanese eels, are important aquaculture species. although artificial reproduction has been attempted since the 1930s and large numbers of studies have been conducted, it has not yet fully succeeded. problems in eel artificial breeding are highly diverse, for instance, lack of basic information about reproduction in nature, no appropriate food for larvae, high mortality, and ...201222527267
the phylogenetics of anguillicolidae (nematoda: anguillicoloidea), swimbladder parasites of eels.anguillicolidae yamaguti, 1935 is a family of parasitic nematode infecting fresh-water eels of the genus anguilla, comprising five species in the genera anguillicola and anguillicoloides. anguillicoloides crassus is of particular importance, as it has recently spread from its endemic range in the eastern pacific to europe and north america, where it poses a significant threat to new, naïve hosts such as the economic important eel species anguilla anguilla and anguilla rostrata. the anguillicolid ...201222559142
quantitative bioassays for measuring biologically functional gonadotropins based on eel gonadotropic receptors.significant declines in eel stocks have been noted in many parts of the world. because eel aquaculture is dependent on wild-caught juveniles, there is a need to achieve artificial reproduction. adult eel maturation is currently induced by repeated injections of purified gonadotropin (human chorionic gonadotropin [hcg]) or pituitary extract. thus the determination of the biological efficacy and quantification of internal levels of gonadotropic hormones is important for optimizing artificial repro ...201222580328
the temperature challenges on cardiac performance in winter-quiescent and migration-stage eels anguilla anguilla.the present study was undertaken to examine cardiac responses to some of the temperature challenges that eels encounter in their natural environment. the contractile properties of ventricular muscle was studied on electrically paced tissue strips after long term acclimation at 0 °c, 10 °c, or 20 °c, and following acute ± 10 °c temperature changes. the time-course of contraction, and thus maximal attainable heart rates, was greatly influenced by working temperature, but was independent of acclima ...201222587961
evolution of microsatellite loci of tropical and temperate anguilla eels.anguilla eels are divided into temperate and tropical eels, based on their major distributions. the present study collected two temperate eels, anguilla japonica and anguilla anguilla, and two tropical eels, anguilla marmorata and anguilla bicolor pacifica, to examine two questions: do temperate and tropical anguilla eels have different genetic polymorphic patterns?; and do temperate anguilla japonica and anguilla anguilla have a closer relationship to each other than to tropical eels? in total, ...201222605978
fishery-induced selection for slow somatic growth in european eel.both theoretical and experimental studies have shown that fishing mortality can induce adaptive responses in body growth rates of fishes in the opposite direction of natural selection. we compared body growth rates in european eel (anguilla anguilla) from three mediterranean stocks subject to different fishing pressure. results are consistent with the hypotheses that i) fast-growing individuals are more likely to survive until sexual maturity than slow-growing ones under natural conditions (no f ...201222666373
in vivo tracking of maturation in male european eel, anguilla anguilla (l.), by computed tomography.the present study aimed in vivo tracking of maturation of male eel by computed tomography (ct). additionally, individually monitored testes sizes were correlated with the conventionally used external maturity indicators (i.e. eye and nose indexes) in order to test and improve their usefulness at individual level. testes could be clearly identified with the ct from the end of the third week of hcg administration routinely used to induce maturation in fish. the volume of testes increased exponenti ...201222695518
aleuria aurantia lectin exhibits antifungal activity against mucor racemosus.aleuria aurantia lectin (aal) is an l-fucose-specific lectin produced in the mycelia and fruit-bodies of the widespread ascomycete fungus aleuria aurantia. it is extensively used in the detection of fucose, but its physiological role remains unknown. to investigate this, we analyzed the interaction between aal and, a zygomycete fungus mucor racemosus, which is assumed to contain fucose in its cell wall. aal specifically bound to the hyphae of m. racemosus, because binding was inhibited by l-fuco ...201222738968
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