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combined toxicity of three essential oils against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae.essential oils are potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides because they have low mammalian toxicity, degrade rapidly in the environment, and possess complex mixtures of bioactive constituents with multi-modal activity against the target insect populations. twenty-one essential oils were initially screened for their toxicity against aedes aegypti (l.) larvae and three out of the seven most toxic essential oils (manuka, oregano, and clove bud essential oils) were examined for their chemic ...201729029151
effect of climatic conditions and water bodies on population dynamics of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the population of mosquitoes is mainly influenced by the biotic and abiotic factors. although aedes aegypti was reported until 1960's in the punjab, pakistan, the population has increased dramatically since 2009 and caused severe epidemics in 2011 due to heavy floods and rains. thus, this study was carried out to know the effect of biotic and abiotic factors on the population of aedes aegypti.201729026852
central nervous system effects of intrauterine zika virus infection: a pictorial review.relatively few agents have been associated with congenital infections involving the brain. one such agent is the zika virus, which has caused several outbreaks worldwide and has spread in the americas since 2015. the zika virus is an arbovirus transmitted by infected female mosquito vectors, such as the aedes aegypti mosquito. this virus has been commonly associated with congenital infections of the central nervous system and has greatly increased the rates of microcephaly. ultrasonography (us) ...201729019762
a multiplex pcr for detection of knockdown resistance mutations, v1016g and f1534c, in pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti.mutation of the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene, or knockdown resistance (kdr) gene, is an important resistance mechanism of the dengue vector aedes aegypti mosquitoes against pyrethroids. in many countries in asia, a valine to glycine substitution (v1016g) and a phenylalanine to cysteine substitution (f1534c) are common in ae. aegypti populations. the g1016 and c1534 allele frequencies have been increasing in recent years, and hence there is a need to have a simple and inexpensive tool ...201729017613
temporal distribution and insecticide resistance profile of two major arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in yaoundé, the capital city of cameroon.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are the major epidemic vectors of several arbovirus diseases such as yellow fever, dengue, zika and chikungunya worldwide. both aedes vectors are presents in cameroon; however, knowledge on the dynamic of the distribution of these species across cities and their resistance profile to insecticide are limited. here, we assessed the current distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in yaoundé, the capital city, established the resistance profile to insecticides ...201729017606
hydrogen peroxide resistance in strigomonas culicis: effects on mitochondrial functionality and aedes aegypti interaction.reactive oxygen species (ros) are toxic molecules involved in several biological processes such as cellular signaling, proliferation, differentiation and cell death. adaptations to oxidative environments are crucial for the success of the colonization of insects by protozoa. strigomonas culicis is a monoxenic trypanosomatid found in the midgut of mosquitoes and presenting a life cycle restricted to the epimastigote form. among s. culicis peculiarities, there is an endosymbiotic bacterium in the ...201728993269
evaluation of gamma radiation-induced dna damage in aedes aegypti using the comet assay.the study was undertaken to evaluate gamma radiation-induced dna damage in aedes aegypti. the comet assay was employed to demonstrate the extent of dna damage produced in adult male a. aegypti exposed to seven different doses of gamma radiation, ranging from 1 gy to 50 gy. dna damage was measured as the percentage of comet tail dna. a significant linear increase in dna damage was observed in all samples; the extent of damage being proportional to the dose of gamma radiation the organism received ...201728992792
how does competition among wild type mosquitoes influence the performance of aedes aegypti and dissemination of wolbachia pipientis?wolbachia has been deployed in several countries to reduce transmission of dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses. during releases, wolbachia-infected females are likely to lay their eggs in local available breeding sites, which might already be colonized by local aedes sp. mosquitoes. therefore, there is an urgent need to estimate the deleterious effects of intra and interspecific larval competition on mosquito life history traits, especially on the duration of larval development time, larval mor ...201728991902
zika and chikungunya virus detection in naturally infected aedes aegypti in ecuador.the wide and rapid spread of chikungunya (chikv) and zika (zikv) viruses represent a global public health problem, especially for tropical and subtropical environments. the early detection of chikv and zikv in mosquitoes may help to understand the dynamics of the diseases in high-risk areas, and to design data based epidemiological surveillance to activate the preparedness and response of the public health system and vector control programs. this study was done to detect zikv and chikv viruses i ...201828982578
duplex real-time pcr assay distinguishes aedes aegypti from ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae) using dna from sonicated first-instar larvae.aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) are important arbovirus vectors in the united states, and the recent emergence of zika virus disease as a public health concern in the americas has reinforced a need for tools to rapidly distinguish between these species in collections made by vector control agencies. we developed a duplex real-time pcr assay that detects both species and does not cross-amplify in any of the other seven aedes species tested. the lower limit of detection for our assay ...201728981691
pyrethroid susceptibility has been maintained in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), in queensland, australia.although pesticide resistance is common in insect vectors of human diseases, the evolution of resistance might be delayed if management practices are adopted that limit selection of resistance alleles. outbreaks of dengue fever have occurred in queensland, australia, since the late 1800s, leading to ongoing attempts to control the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti (l.). since the 1990s, pyrethroid insecticides have been used for this purpose, but have been applied in a strategic manner with a varie ...201728981684
resistance status and resistance mechanisms in a strain of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from puerto rico.puerto rico (pr) has a long history of vector-borne disease and insecticide-resistant aedes aegypti (l.). defining contributing mechanisms behind phenotypic resistance is critical for effective vector control intervention. however, previous studies from pr have each focused on only one mechanism of pyrethroid resistance. this study examines the contribution of p450-mediated enzymatic detoxification and sodium channel target site changes to the overall resistance phenotype of ae. aegypti collecte ...201728981681
cutaneous manifestations of chikungunya fever: observations from an outbreak at a tertiary care hospital in southeast rajasthan, india.chikungunya fever is caused by chikungunya virus which is transmitted by the bite of infected aedes aegypti and a. albopictus mosquitoes.201728979866
infection rate of aedes aegypti mosquitoes with dengue virus depends on the interaction between temperature and mosquito genotype.dengue fever is the most prevalent arthropod-transmitted viral disease worldwide, with endemic transmission restricted to tropical and subtropical regions of different temperature profiles. temperature is epidemiologically relevant because it affects dengue infection rates in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the major vector of the dengue virus (denv). aedes aegypti populations are also known to vary in competence for different denv genotypes. we assessed the effects of mosquito and virus genotype on d ...201728978730
identification of surveillance and control priority areas for dengue and other arboviruses transmitted by aedes aegypti in natal-rn, brazil: experience report.to report the vigi@dengue experience, held in the municipality of natal-rn, brazil, from october/2015 to may/2016.201728977187
circulation of denv2 and denv4 in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes from praia, santiago island, cabo verde.arthropod-borne viruses, such as dengue (denv), chikungunya (chikv), and zika (zikv), pose a challenge to public health, due to their worldwide distribution and large-scale outbreaks. dengue fever is currently one of the most important diseases and it is caused by four serotypes of denv and is mainly transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti. it is estimated that 50-100 million cases are reported every year worldwide. more recently, chikv and zikv, which are also transmitted by ae. aegypti, have ...201728973490
positional stable isotope tracer analysis reveals carbon routes during ammonia metabolism of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.in aedes aegypti females, the ammonia released during blood meal digestion is partially metabolized to facilitate the disposal of excess nitrogen. in this study, we used low- and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc/ms) techniques to investigate the role of glucose during ammonia detoxification. mosquitoes were fed a blood meal supplemented with [1,2-13c2]glucose, and downstream metabolites were measured for 24 h. quantification of [13c] amino acids in the entire mosquito ...201828970248
laboratory evaluation of a novel lethal ovitrap for control of aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) are known to flourish in a variety of natural and residential habitats and are competent vectors of at least 22 different arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and zika. their global distribution, anthropophilic nature, and vector competency make them species of interest for control. a novel durable dual-action lethal ovitrap (ddalo) with combined larviciding and adulticiding effects, as well as a slow-release polymer (isobutyl methacrylate), was des ...201728968892
transcription profiling for defensins of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) during development and in response to infection with chikungunya and zika viruses.aedes aegypti (l.) is a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and zika viruses. these viruses encounter a variety of induced defense responses from the innate immune system of the mosquito. we cloned defensin a from ae. aegypti using laboratory populations originating from key west and orlando, florida. to characterize inducible immune defensin peptides, we examined the defensin a (defa) and defensin c (defc) expression through time course studies using quantitative real-time pcr. we obser ...201828968775
chikungunya virus dissemination from the midgut of aedes aegypti is associated with temporal basal lamina degradation during bloodmeal digestion.in the mosquito, the midgut epithelium is the initial tissue to become infected with an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) that has been acquired from a vertebrate host along with a viremic bloodmeal. following its replication in midgut epithelial cells, the virus needs to exit the midgut and infect secondary tissues including the salivary glands before it can be transmitted to another vertebrate host. the viral exit mechanism from the midgut, the midgut escape barrier (meb), is poorly understood ...201728961239
use of rhodamine b to mark the body and seminal fluid of male aedes aegypti for mark-release-recapture experiments and estimating efficacy of sterile male releases.recent interest in male-based sterile insect technique (sit) and incompatible insect technique (iit) to control aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus populations has revealed the need for an economical, rapid diagnostic tool for determining dispersion and mating success of sterilized males in the wild. previous reports from other insects indicated rhodamine b, a thiol-reactive fluorescent dye, administered via sugar-feeding can be used to stain the body tissue and seminal fluid of insects. here, we ...201728957318
the distribution of aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae) in eight selected parks of lahore, using oviposition traps during rainy season.to investigate the seasonal distribution of immature habitat of aedes aegypti mosquito species and its association with environmental and climatic conditions.201728955062
oviposition preferences of dengue vectors; aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in sri lanka under laboratory settings.investigations on oviposition behaviour of dengue vectors are critical for effective controlling of vector breeding. therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the oviposition behaviour of dengue vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in sri lanka. batches of 1000 adult mosquitoes (1 : 1, male: female ratio) housed in rearing cages were used for each experimental setup from ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus. oviposition responses with respect to the size of the ovitrap, colours o ...201728950922
extensive genetic differentiation between homomorphic sex chromosomes in the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti.mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of sex-determination systems are of particular interest in insect vectors of human pathogens like mosquitoes because novel control strategies aim to convert pathogen-transmitting females into nonbiting males, or rely on accurate sexing for the release of sterile males. in aedes aegypti, the main vector of dengue and zika viruses, sex determination is governed by a dominant male-determining locus, previously thought to reside within a small, nonrecombining, se ...201728945882
growth inhibitory effect of phenolic extracts of ziziphus jujuba mill. in dengue vector aedes aegypti (l) in parent and f1 generation.to evaluate the lethal and emergence inhibitory effect of alkaloid, phenolic and terpenoid extracts of ziziphus jujuba (rhamnaceae) against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), and to explore the effect of the most effective fraction on developmental and biochemical parameters of the dengue vector.201728942827
chemical composition of buddleja polystachya aerial parts and its bioactivity against aedes aegypti.a new acylatediridoid glycoside, 6-o-α-l-(2″-acetyl-4″-o-trans-isoferuloyl) rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (9) together with 18 known compounds belonging to the iridoids, flavonoids, triterpene saponin glycosides and phenylethanoids (1-8, 10-18) were isolated from the aerial parts and the flowers of buddleja polystachya. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence and comparison with that reported in the literature. promising adulticidal activity was shown for all extracts ...201728942684
insights into the epidemiological link between biting flies and pemphigus foliaceus in southeastern brazil.black fly and sandfly bites are related to the endemicity of pemphigus foliaceus (pf); however, an immune reaction against the salivary proteins from these flies still requires confirmation in the case of pf patients living in southeastern brazil.201728941730
contribution of lysinibacillus sphaericus hemolysin and chitin-binding protein in entomopathogenic activity against insecticide resistant aedes aegypti.given its toxicity against culicid larvae, lysinibacillus sphaericus is used for the biological control of mosquitoes such as culex sp. and anopheles sp. the toxicity factors currently reported for l. sphaericus include the binary toxin, mtx toxins, and the s-layer. however, aedes aegypti is refractory to the binary toxin, the most toxic larvicidal protein of l. sphaericus. until now, there are no evidences of the hemolytic and chitinolytic capacity of l. sphaericus. herein, the expression of th ...201728940156
molecular typing and phylogeny of wolbachia: a study from assam, north-eastern part of india.wolbachia are maternally inherited endosymbiotic alphaproteobacteria, infecting 40-75% of arthropod species. knowledge on distribution of native strains infecting mosquito vectors from endemic regions is essential for successful implementation of vector control interventions utilizing potential strains of wolbachia. study identified various native strains of wolbachia inhabiting different mosquito species from field and colonised conditions of assam. the fly drosophila melanogaster was also incl ...201728939497
the dengue preface to endemic in mainland china: the historical largest outbreak by aedes albopictus in guangzhou, 2014.dengue was regarded as a mild epidemic in mainland china transmitted by aedes albopictus. however, the 2014 record-breaking outbreak in guangzhou could change the situation. in order to provide an early warning of epidemic trends and provide evidence for prevention and control strategies, we seek to characterize the 2014 outbreak through application of detailed cases and entomological data, as well as phylogenetic analysis of viral envelope (e) gene.201728934991
isolation and identification of xenorhabdus and photorhabdus bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is a potential vector of west nile, japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, dengue and zika viruses. alternative control measurements of the vector are needed to overcome the problems of environmental contamination and chemical resistance. xenorhabdus and photorhabdus are symbionts in the intestine of entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) steinernema spp. and heterorhabditis spp. these bacteria are able to produce a broad range of bioactive compounds including antimicrobial, antiparasitic, ...201728934970
proteomics technique opens new frontiers in mobilome research.a large proportion of the genome of most eukaryotic organisms consists of highly repetitive mobile genetic elements. the sum of these elements is called the "mobilome," which in eukaryotes is made up mostly of transposons. transposable elements contribute to disease, evolution, and normal physiology by mediating genetic rearrangement, and through the "domestication" of transposon proteins for cellular functions. although 'omics studies of mobilome genomes and transcriptomes are common, technical ...201728932623
zika virus congenital syndrome: experimental models and clinical aspects.viral infections have long been the cause of severe diseases to humans, increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, either in rich or poor countries. yellow fever virus, h1n1 virus, hiv, dengue virus, hepatitis b and c are well known threats to human health, being responsible for many million deaths annually, associated to a huge economic and social cost. in this context, a recently introduced flavivirus in south america, called zika virus (zikv), led the who to declare in february 1st 2 ...201728932235
ph control in the midgut of aedesaegypti under different nutritional conditions.aedes aegypti is one of the most important disease vectors in the world. because their gut is the first site of interaction with pathogens, it is important to understand a. aegypti gut physiology. in this study, we investigated the mechanisms of ph control in the midgut of a. aegypti females under different nutritional conditions. we found that unfed females have an acidic midgut (ph ∼6). the midgut of unfed insects is actively maintained at ph 6 regardless of the ingestion of either alkaline or ...201728931720
microgeographic population structuring of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti is one of the species most favored by changes in the environment caused by urbanization. its abundance increases rapidly in the face of such changes, increasing the risk of disease transmission. previous studies have shown that mosquito species that have adapted to anthropogenic environmental changes benefit from urbanization and undergo population expansion. in light of this, we used microsatellite markers to explore how urbanization processes may be modulating ae. aegypti populat ...201728931078
pyrethroid resistance alters the blood-feeding behavior in puerto rican aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to treated fabric.emerging insecticide resistance is a major issue for vector control. it decreases the effectiveness of insecticides, thereby requiring greater quantities for comparable control with a net increase in risk of disease resurgence, product cost, and damage risk to the ecosystem. pyrethroid resistance has been documented in puerto rican populations of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. in this study, topical toxicity of five insecticides (permethrin, etofenprox, deltamethrin, ddt, transfluthrin) was dete ...201728931018
emerging arboviruses in rio grande do sul, brazil: chikungunya and zika outbreaks, 2014-2016.the recent emergence of arboviruses such as chikungunya virus (chikv) and zika virus (zikv) in brazil has posed a threat to human health and to the country's economy. outbreaks occur mainly in tropical areas; however, increasing number of cases have been observed in rio grande do sul (rs), the southernmost state; therefore, surveillance of these arboviruses is essential for public health measures.201728929534
sybr green-based one step quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of zika virus in field-caught mosquitoes.the monitoring of vectors is one of the key surveillance measures to assess the risk of arbovirus transmission and the success of control strategies in endemic regions. the recent re-emergence of zika virus (zikv) in the tropics, including singapore, emphasizes the need to develop cost-effective, rapid and accurate assays to monitor the virus spread by mosquitoes. as zikv infections largely remain asymptomatic, early detection of zikv in the field-caught mosquitoes enables timely implementation ...201728927458
insecticide susceptibility of aedes albopictus and ae. aegypti from brazil and the swiss-italian border region.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are two highly invasive mosquito species, both vectors of several viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and zika. while ae. aegypti is the primary vector in the tropics and sub-tropics, ae. albopictus is increasingly under the public health watch as it has been implicated in arbovirus-transmission in more temperate regions, including continental europe. vector control using insecticides is the pillar of most control programmes; hence development of insecticide r ...201728927441
community participation in mosquito breeding site control: an interdisciplinary mixed methods study in curaçao.as the arboviral diseases dengue, chikungunya and zika emerge in the americas, so does the need for sustainable vector control policies. to successfully achieve mosquito control, joint efforts of both communities and governments are essential. this study investigates this important, but by-and-large neglected topic.201728927437
differential expression of putative sodium-dependent cation-chloride cotransporters in aedes aegypti.the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, has three genes that code for proteins with sequence similarity to vertebrate na+-k+-cl- cotransporters (nkccs) of the solute-linked carrier 12 superfamily of cation-chloride cotransporters (cccs). we hypothesized that these mosquito nkcc orthologues have diverged to perform distinct roles in salt secretion and absorption. in phylogenetic analyses, one protein (aenkcc1) groups with a drosophila melanogaster nkcc that mediates salt secretion whereas two o ...201728923771
role of the venus kinase receptor in the female reproductive physiology of the desert locust, schistocerca gregaria.venus kinase receptors (vkr) are a subfamily of invertebrate receptor tyrosine kinases, which have only recently been discovered. they contain an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain and an extracellular venus flytrap domain. vkrs have been functionally and pharmacologically characterized in only two invertebrate species, namely the human parasite schistosoma mansoni and the mosquito aedes aegypti, where they play a crucial role in oogenesis. here, we report the characterization of a vkr in the ...201728916758
quantification through tlc-densitometric analysis, repellency and anticholinesterase activity of the homemade extract of indian cloves.the rise of the mosquitoes-transmitted diseases, like dengue, zika and chikungunya in brazil in the last years has increased concerns on protection against mosquitoes bites. however, the prohibitive prices of the commercially available repellents for the majority of the brazilian population has provoked a search for cheaper solutions, like the use of the homemade ethanolic extract of indian clove (syzygium aromaticum l.) as repellent, which has been reported as quite efficient by the local press ...201828913959
perturbed cholesterol and vesicular trafficking associated with dengue blocking in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti cells.wolbachia are intracellular maternally inherited bacteria that can spread through insect populations and block virus transmission by mosquitoes, providing an important approach to dengue control. to better understand the mechanisms of virus inhibition, we here perform proteomic quantification of the effects of wolbachia in aedes aegypti mosquito cells and midgut. perturbations are observed in vesicular trafficking, lipid metabolism and in the endoplasmic reticulum that could impact viral entry a ...201728904344
minimum infectious dose for chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes.understanding the ability of the chikungunya virus (chikv) to be transmitted by aedes vectors in the americas is critical for assessing epidemiological risk. one element that must be considered is the minimum infectious dose of virus that can lead to transmission following the extrinsic incubation period. this study aimed to determine the minimum infection rate for the two aedes species studied. the results revealed that doses as low as 3.9 log10 plaque-forming units per ml (pfu/ml) of an asian ...201728902278
first detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses in natural populations of aedes aegypti in martinique during the 2013 - 2015 concomitant outbreak.dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. in martinique, an island of the french west indies, aedes aegypti is the suspected vector of both arboviruses; there is no aedes albopictus on the island. during the concomitant outbreak of 2013 - 2015, the authors collected wild a. aegypti populations, and for the first time, detected dengue and chikungunya viruses in field-collected females. this paper demonstrates the mosquito's role in transmission of both dengue and chikung ...201728902276
highly effective broad spectrum chimeric larvicide that targets vector mosquitoes using a lipophilic protein.two mosquitocidal bacteria, bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) and lysinibacillus sphaericus (ls) are the active ingredients of commercial larvicides used widely to control vector mosquitoes. bti's efficacy is due to synergistic interactions among four proteins, cry4aa, cry4ba, cry11aa, and cyt1aa, whereas ls's activity is caused by bin, a heterodimer consisting of bina, the toxin, and binb, a midgut-binding protein. cyt1aa is lipophilic and synergizes bti cry proteins by increasing ...201728900215
efficacy of blood sources and artificial blood feeding methods in rearing of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for sterile insect technique and incompatible insect technique approaches in sri lanka.selection of the artificial membrane feeding technique and blood meal source has been recognized as key considerations in mass rearing of vectors.201728894749
a natural hybrid of a bacillus thuringiensis cry2a toxin implicates domain i in specificity determination.a pcr-rflp method was used to identify cry2a toxin genes in a collection of 300 strains of bacillus thuringiensis. from 81 genes identified, the vast majority appeared to be cry2aa or cry2ab, however three showed a different pattern and were subsequently cloned and sequenced. the gene cloned from strain hd395 was named cry2ba2. since the proteins encoded by the genes cloned from ls5115-3 and ds415 shared >95% sequence identity with existing toxins their genes were named cry2aa17 and cry2ab29 res ...201728888766
isolation of a larvicidal compound from piper solmsianum c.dc. (piperaceae).the aedes aegypti mosquito is one of the major vectors of arboviruses. these diseases have re-emerged and the insecticides used nowadays are toxic to mammals and environment and have only been effective in the short-term. in this context, natural products are an alternative. the genus piper has many active compounds against arthropods, including neolignans. the present study evaluated the larvicidal potential of the n-hexanic extract of piper solmsianum and eupomatenoid-6, identified by gc-ms an ...201728882070
association between suspected zika virus disease during pregnancy and giving birth to a newborn with congenital microcephaly: a matched case-control study.in early 2015, an outbreak of an acute exanthematous illness with dengue-like symptoms occurred in northeastern brazil. by the end of the same year, an unexpected increase in the number of cases of microcephaly was observed in the region. the microcephaly outbreak cause was unknown and rumors pointing to various potential causes arose. since we were unaware at the time if this scenario would attract the interest of the broader scientific community, due to the neglected regions associated and as ...201728877754
microrna-277 targets insulin-like peptides 7 and 8 to control lipid metabolism and reproduction in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.hematophagous female mosquitoes transmit numerous devastating human diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, zika virus, and others. because of their obligatory requirement of a vertebrate blood meal for reproduction, these mosquitoes need a lot of energy; therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms linking metabolism and reproduction is of particular importance. lipids are the major energy store providing the fuel required for host seeking and reproduction. they are essential components ...201728874536
updated reported distribution of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the united states, 1995-2016.aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) are potential vectors of zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in the united states. a zika virus outbreak in florida in the summer of 2016, driven by ae. aegypti and resulting in > 200 locally acquired cases of human illness, underscored the need for up-to-date information on the geographic distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in the united states. in early 2016, we conducted a survey and literature review to comp ...201728874014
"we need people to collaborate together against this disease": a qualitative exploration of perceptions of dengue fever control in caregivers' of children under 5 years, in the peruvian amazon.dengue fever presents a significant and growing burden of disease to endemic countries, where children are at particular risk. worldwide, no effective anti-viral treatment has been identified, thus vector control is key for disease prevention, particularly in peru where no vaccine is currently available. this qualitative study aimed to explore the perceptions of dengue control in caregivers' of children under 5 years in peru, to help direct future mosquito control programmes and strategy.201728873408
fat body organ culture system in aedes aegypti, a vector of zika virus.the insect fat body plays a central role in insect metabolism and nutrient storage, mirroring functions of the liver and fat tissue in vertebrates. insect fat body tissue is usually distributed throughout the insect body. however, it is often concentrated in the abdomen and attached to the abdominal body wall. the mosquito fat body is the sole source of yolk proteins, which are critical for egg production. therefore, the in vitro culture of mosquito fat body tissues represents an important syste ...201728872112
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of carbohydrazides and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing an imidazolidine moiety against the yellow fever and dengue vector, aedes aegypti.1,3,4-oxadiazole and imidazolidine rings are important heterocyclic compounds exhibiting a variety of biological activities. in this study, novel compounds with oxadiazole and imidazolidine rings were synthesized from 3-(methylsulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl chloride and screened for insecticidal activities. the proposed structures of the 17 synthesized compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, infrared (ir), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 h-nmr), and mass spectroscopy.201828869331
evaluation of ecdysteroid antisera for a competitive enzyme immunoassay and extraction procedures for the measurement of mosquito ecdysteroids.ecdysteroid hormones regulate several aspects of insect development and reproduction. the predominant ecdysteroids produced by insects including mosquitoes are ecdysone (e) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). the ability to measure e and 20e titers is essential for many studies, but few sensitive, low cost options are currently available for doing so. to address this deficiency, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunoassay (eia). in the first part of the study, we compared the affinity of two new anti ...201728866256
aedes aegypti saliva enhances chikungunya virus replication in human skin fibroblasts via inhibition of the type i interferon signaling pathway.chikungunya virus (chikv) transmission occurs through the bite of an infected aedes mosquito which injects virus-containing saliva into the skin of the human host during blood feeding. in the present study, we have determined the effect of aedes aegypti saliva on chikv replication in human skin fibroblasts, a major cell type for viral entry, which mimics the events that occur during natural transmission. a significant increase in the expression of viral transcripts and infectious viral particles ...201728866137
presence of a predator image in potential breeding sites and oviposition responses of a dengue vector.in dengue vector control, attempts to minimize or replace the use of pesticides have mostly involved use of predators, but success has been severely impeded by difficulties associated with financial and environmental costs, predator mass production, and persistence in target habitats. visual deterrents have been used successfully to control animal pests, in some cases in an effort to replace pesticide use. despite evidence that visual signals are crucial in site choice for egg deposition by deng ...201728865898
correction: insecticide resistance to permethrin and malathion and associated mechanisms in aedes aegypti mosquitoes from st. andrew jamaica.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179673.].201728859159
effect of nozzle orientation on dispersion of aqualuer 20-20 sprayed by a truck-mounted ultra-low volume sprayer against caged aedes aegypti.inconsistencies in efficacy of ultra-low volume (ulv) ground applications in the literature are linked to the lack of adjustments in sprayer parameters. to investigate the effect of nozzle orientation of a truck-mounted ulv sprayer on application efficacy, a study was conducted at st. johns county fairground, elkton, fl, during the summer of 2014. the efficacy was assessed by mortality of caged adult aedes aegypti, spray deposition, and droplet size spectrum up to 122 m from the spray line. aqua ...201728854107
larvicidal and ovicidal activity of terminalia chebula retz. (family: combretaceae) medicinal plant extracts against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.insect-borne diseases remain to this day a major source of illness and death worldwide. the resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquito species has been considered as a setback in vector control. mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to eliminate eggs and larvae. so, the larvicidal and ovicidal activities of crude benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol extracts of terminalia chebula were assayed for their toxicity against three important vecto ...201728848262
improving the built environment in urban areas to control aedes aegypti-borne diseases. 201728804174
first report of coelomomyces santabrancae sp. nov. (blastocladiomycetes: blastocladiales) infecting mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) in central brazil.a project from 2013 to 2017 sought to discover pathogenic fungi and oomycetes from dipteran species that are vectors of major diseases of humans and animals in central brazil and to begin evaluating the potential of these pathogens as potential biological control agents concentrated on mosquito larvae. some collecting sites proved to be especially productive for pathogens of naturally occurring mosquito species and for placements of healthy sentinel larvae of aedes aegypti in various sorts of co ...201728803981
dinuclear silver(i)-n-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, characterization and larvicidal activity of bis-imidazolium dinuclear silver(i)-n-heterocyclic carbene complexes.new synthesized bis-imidazolium salts that are linked by xylyl derivatives moiety, 1-4 was reacted with ag2o to facilitate the formation of dinuclear ag(i)-n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) complexes, 5-8, respectively. all the synthesized ligand salts and complexes were characterized by 1h and 13c nmr, ftir spectroscopy and elemental analysis. molecular structures of compounds 3, 5, and 7 were elucidated by single crystal x-ray diffraction analyses. larvicidal studies against the aedes aegypti and c ...201728800547
preparation of a nanoemulsion with carapa guianensis aublet (meliaceae) oil by a low-energy/solvent-free method and evaluation of its preliminary residual larvicidal activity.andiroba (carapa guianensis) seeds are the source of an oil with a wide range of biological activities and ethnopharmacological uses. however, few studies have devoted attention to innovative formulations, including nanoemulsions. the present study aimed to obtain a colloidal system with the andiroba oil using a low-energy and organic-solvent-free method. moreover, the preliminary residual larvicidal activity of the nanoemulsion against aedes aegypti was evaluated. oleic and palmitic acids were ...201728798803
mosquito species occurrence in association with landscape composition in green urban areas.aedes aegypti prefers densely populated habitats, but has been shown to explore less anthropogenic environments. we investigated composition of the abundance of mosquitoes in forested areas and assessed relationships between species occurrences and different types of land use and land cover at three spatial scales (100m, 500m and 1000m). mosquitoes were collected from october 2012 to march 2013 using oviposition traps. we collected 4,179 mosquitoes in total including at least 10 species. aedes a ...201728793030
insecticide resistance, associated mechanisms and fitness aspects in two brazilian stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) populations.in brazil, insecticide resistance in stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) populations to pyrethroids and to the organophosphate (op) temephos is disseminated. currently, insect growth regulators (igrs) and the op malathion are employed against larvae and adults, respectively. bioassays with mosquitoes from two northeast municipalities, crato and aracaju, revealed, in both populations, susceptibility to igrs and malathion (rr95  ≤ 2.0), confirming the effectiveness of these co ...201728752548
a mosquito hemolymph odorant-binding protein family member specifically binds juvenile hormone.juvenile hormone (jh) is a key regulator of insect development and reproduction. in adult mosquitoes, it is essential for maturation of the ovary and normal male reproductive behavior, but how jh distribution and activity is regulated after secretion is unclear. here, we report a new type of specific jh-binding protein, given the name mosquito juvenile hormone-binding protein (mjhbp), which circulates in the hemolymph of pupal and adult aedes aegypti males and females. mjhbp is a member of the o ...201728751377
rhanterium epapposum oliv. essential oil: chemical composition and antimicrobial, insect-repellent and anticholinesterase activities.the essential oil (eo) of the aerial parts of rhanterium epapposum oliv. (asteraceae), was obtained by hydrodistillation. the oil was subsequently analyzed by both gc-fid and gc-ms, simultaneously. forty-five components representing 99.2% of the oil composition were identified. the most abundant compounds were camphene (38.5%), myrcene (17.5%), limonene (10.1%) and α-pinene (8.7%). referring to the ethnobotanical utilization, an insecticidal assay was performed, where the oil repelled the yellow ...201728725142
effects of rearing salinity on expression and function of ion-motive atpases and ion transport across the gastric caecum of aedes aegypti larvae.larvae of aedes aegypti, the yellow fever vector, inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats ranging from freshwater to brackish water. this study focuses on the gastric caecum of the larvae, an organ that has not been widely studied. we provide the first measurements of h+, k+ and na+ fluxes at the distal and proximal gastric caecum, and have shown that they differ in the two regions, consistent with previously reported regionalization of ion transporters. moreover, we have shown that the regionaliz ...201728659305
insecticide resistance to permethrin and malathion and associated mechanisms in aedes aegypti mosquitoes from st. andrew jamaica.the emergence of novel diseases spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito in jamaica and the caribbean, has prompted studies on insecticide resistance towards effective management of the vector. though jamaica has been using the organophosphate insecticide malathion in its vector control program for more than 30 years, resistance to the pesticide has not been tested in over a decade. we analyzed resistance to malathion and the pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin on mosquitoes collected across st. andr ...201728650966
data from salivary gland proteome analysis of female aedes aegypti linn.salivary gland proteins from female aedes aegypti mosquito were extracted and analyzed on high-resolution mass spectrometry. proteomic data was analysed using two search algorithms sequest and mascot, which results in acquisition of 83,836 spectra which were assigned to 5417 peptides belonging to 1208 proteins.these proteins were then assigned molecular functions and further analysis revealed biological processes they are involved in using gene ontology annotations. several immunity related path ...201728649586
screening of plant extracts and fractions on aedes aegypti larvae found in the state of mato grosso do sul (linnaeus, 1762) (culicidae).the constant use of chemical insecticides for aedes aegypti control has caused resistance in the mosquito populations. thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the larvicidal potential of extracts and fractions of plants on a. aegypti larvae. the analysis included sixty one extracts and twenty five fractions of fifty botanical species at concentrations of 0.25; 0.12; 0.06 to 0.03 mg ml-1; 4 replications and one negative control of dechlorinate water and 1% dmso; and a positive control wi ...201828640344
rapid evolution of ovarian-biased genes in the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti).males and females exhibit highly dimorphic phenotypes, particularly in their gonads, which is believed to be driven largely by differential gene expression. typically, the protein sequences of genes upregulated in males, or male-biased genes, evolve rapidly as compared to female-biased and unbiased genes. to date, the specific study of gonad-biased genes remains uncommon in metazoans. here, we identified and studied a total of 2927, 2013, and 4449 coding sequences (cds) with ovary-biased, testis ...201728630112
determinants of outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases : the case of chikungunya in indian ocean, 2004-2007.emerging outbreaks of arboviroses are most often tied to the convergence of a set of factors which have physical and environmental, genetic and biological, ecological, social, political and economic origins. thirteen out of these factors are known as main determinants of emerging infectious disease outbreaks. this paper assesses the role of these factors from exploring the chikungunya outbreak which occurred in indian ocean in 2004-2007, as case study. chikungunya is an alphavirus borne and tran ...201728627853
the genetic diversity and population structure of domestic aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in yunnan province, southwestern china.there was no record of aedes aegypti in yunnan province, china, until 2002, but this species is now continuously found in nine cities (or counties). until now, little was known about the genetic diversity and population structure of this invasive species. thus, a detailed understanding of the invasion strategies, colonisation and dispersal of this mosquito from a population genetics perspective is urgently needed for controlling and eliminating this disease vector.201728610594
deltamethrin resistance in aedes aegypti results in treatment failure in merida, mexico.the operational impact of deltamethrin resistance on the efficacy of indoor insecticide applications to control aedes aegypti was evaluated in merida, mexico. a randomized controlled trial quantified the efficacy of indoor residual spraying (irs) against adult ae. aegypti in houses treated with either deltamethrin (to which local ae. aegypti expressed a high degree of resistance) or bendiocarb (to which local ae. aegypti were fully susceptible) as compared to untreated control houses. all adult ...201728604781
qsar models for predicting the toxicity of piperidine derivatives against aedes aegypti.qsar models are proposed for predicting the toxicity of 33 piperidine derivatives against aedes aegypti. from 2d topological descriptors, calculated with the padel software, ordinary least squares multilinear regression (ols-mlr) treatment from the qsarins software and machine learning and related approaches including linear and radial support vector machine (svm), projection pursuit regression (ppr), radial basis function neural network (rbfnn), general regression neural network (grnn) and k-ne ...201728604113
[new strategies for the eradication of aedes aegypti: what challenges do we face in latin america?]not available.201728603242
comparative efficiency of biogents gravid aedes trap, cdc autocidal gravid ovitrap, and cdc gravid trap in northeastern florida.we conducted a study to compare the effectiveness of the biogents gravid aedes trap (bg-gat) and centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) autocidal gravid ovitrap (ago) with that of the cdc gravid trap (cdc-gt) (as a standard) for their proficiency to collect mosquitoes in an urban residential neighborhood in northeastern florida. aedes aegypti , ae. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus were collected from each trap, with the latter species being predominant. significantly more cx. qui ...201728590226
comparison of mosquito abundance from biogents sentinel 2.0 traps with and without rain covers.biogents sentinel (bgs) traps have rapidly become a standard for adult aedes aegypti surveillance. several investigators have found that trap collections can be damaged easily by heavy dew or rain entering the trap intake port. in addition, water entering the trap may temporarily stop the fan, thus reducing the collection potential of the trap. we evaluated the effectiveness of a rain cover designed to minimize damage to mosquito trap collections from bgs 2.0 traps in a residential backyard in j ...201728590218
diagnostic doses of insecticides for adult aedes aegypti to assess insecticide resistance in cuba.the objective of this study was to determine diagnostic doses (dds) of 5 insecticides for the rockefeller susceptible strain of aedes aegypti , using the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) bottle bioassay as a tool for monitoring insecticide resistance in the cuban vector control program. the 30-min dd values determined in this study were 13.5 μg/ml, 6.5 μg/ml, 6 μg/ml, 90.0 μg/ml, and 15.0 μg/ml for cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyrifos, and propoxur, respec ...201728590216
effects of low-powered rf sweep between 0.01-20 ghz on female aedes aegypti mosquitoes: a collective behaviour analysis.there are many products claiming to be an electronic solution towards repelling mosquitoes. several reviews were published in debunking these claims. however, there is a lack of a systematic study on effects of electromagnetic (em) or more specifically, radio frequency (rf) waves against mosquitoes due to the conclusions made in those years. therefore, we attempt to establish a fundamental study on female aedes aegypti (linnaeus) mosquitoes by quantifying the collective behavior of the mosquitoe ...201728582398
corrigendum to "functional and immunohistochemical characterization of cceae3a, a carboxylesterase associated with temephos resistance in the major arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus" [insect biochem. mol. biol. 74 (july 2016) 61-67]. 201728578775
detection and perception of generic host volatiles by mosquitoes: responses to co2 constrains host-seeking behaviour.natural selection has favoured specialization in anthropophilic mosquito host choice, yet in the absence of human hosts, females feed on a selected range of vertebrates. for host recognition, we hypothesize that mosquitoes primarily rely on generic host volatiles. detection and perception of such compounds would provide the mosquito with a flexible, yet constrained, odour coding system that could delineate host preference. in this study, we show that the quintessential generic volatile for host- ...201728573028
a potent larvicidal agent against aedes aegypti mosquito from cardanol.cardanol is a constituent of cashew nut shell liquid that presents larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti. the isolation of cardanol is somewhat troublesome, however, in this work we describe an efficient and inexpensive method to obtain it as a pure material. the compound was used as starting material to make chemical transformation leading to saturated cardanol, epoxides and, halohydrins. these derivatives were tested for toxicity against aedes aegypti larvae. the results showed that iodohy ...201728562821
a new in vitro bioassay system for the discovery and quantitative evaluation of mosquito repellents.mosquitoes vector many pathogens that cause human diseases. repellents play a significant role in reducing the risk of these diseases by preventing mosquito bites. in this paper, we are reporting an ali and khan (a & k), large cage in vitro bioassay system that can effectively be used to measure repellency of compounds against mosquitoes. the system uses temperature as a landing and feeding stimulus, and collagen as a feeding substrate. the minimum effective dose (med) of deet (n, n-diethyl-meta ...201728541424
rna-seq comparison of larval and adult malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti reveals life stage-specific changes in renal function.introduction: the life history of aedes aegypti presents diverse challenges to its diuretic system. during the larval and pupal life stages mosquitoes are aquatic. with the emergence of the adult they become terrestrial. this shifts the organism within minutes from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment where dehydration has to be avoided. in addition, female mosquitoes take large blood meals, which present an entirely new set of challenges to salt and water homeostasis. methods: to ...201728536536
 introducción. el virus del zika (zikv) es un flavivirus con envoltura, transmitido a los seres humanos principalmente por el vector aedes aegypti. la infección por zikv se ha asociado con un gran neurotropismo y con efectos neuropáticos, como el síndrome de guillain-barré en el adulto y la microcefalia fetal y posnatal, así como con un síndrome de infección congénita similar al producido por el virus de la rubéola (rv).objetivo. comparar las estructuras moleculares de la proteína de envoltura e ...201728527274
quantitative structure-activity relationship study of amide mosquito repellents.a quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) study on 43 amide repellents was carried out by the heuristic method in order to reveal the correlations between molecular parameters of these amides and their repellency against aedes aegypti. sketches and optimizations of molecular structures were achieved by the gaussian software package. generation and screening of molecular parameters were accomplished using codessa 2.7.10 software. the leave-one-out method was applied for the model vali ...201728521600
heat in the southeastern united states: characteristics, trends, and potential health impact.high summer temperatures in extratropical areas have an impact on the public's health, mainly through heat stress, high air pollution concentrations, and the transmission of tropical diseases. the purpose of this study is to examine the current characteristics of heat events and future projections of summer apparent temperature (at)-and associated health concerns-throughout the southeastern united states. synoptic climatology was used to assess the atmospheric characteristics of extreme heat day ...201728520817
laboratory and semi-field evaluations of two (transfluthrin) spatial repellent devices against aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae).two transfluthrin-based spatial repellent products (raid dual action insect repellent and home freshener and raid shield (currently not commercially available), sc johnson, racine wi) were evaluated for spatial repellent effects against female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes under laboratory (wind tunnel) and semi-field (outdoor enclosure) conditions. the placement of either product in the wind tunnel significantly reduced host-seeking behaviors. the mean baseline (control) landing counts for the ...201728511270
reemergence of yellow fever in ethiopia after 50 years, 2013: epidemiological and entomological investigations.yellow fever (yf) is a viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by aedes mosquito species. approximately, 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths occur worldwide every year. in ethiopia, the last outbreak was reported in 1966 with 2200 cases and 450 deaths. a number of cases with deaths from unknown febrile illness reported from south ari district starting from november 2012. this investigation was conducted to identify the causative agent, source of the outbreak and recommend appropriate interventions.201728506254
aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes in trinidad, west indies: longevity case studies.few laboratory and field studies have reported long survival periods for ae. aegypti females and even fewer have designed experiments to characterize this important life history trait. this study was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the number of blood meals taken by individual females, the number of eggs laid per individual female, the length of the gonotrophic cycle, and the duration of female survival. the results showed individual females oviposited between 670 and 1,500 eg ...201728504438
influence of shading and pedestrian traffic on the preference of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for oviposition microenvironments.aedes aegypti mosquitoes are highly adaptable to abiotic stimuli. to evaluate the influence of shading and pedestrian traffic on the preference of ae. aegypti for oviposition microenvironments, 20 sites were sampled weekly using ovitraps within the perimeter of universidade federal do espírito santo, located in são mateus, espírito santo, brazil. a spatial and statistical analysis was performed in order to assess the relationship between shading time, pedestrian traffic, and the presence of biol ...201728504433
isolation of an insulin-like peptide from the asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi, that acts as a steroidogenic gonadotropin across diverse mosquito taxa.many insulin-like peptides (ilps) have been identified in insects, yet only a few were isolated in their native form for structural and functional studies. antiserum produced to ilp3 in aedes aegypti was used in a radioimmunoassay to monitor the purification of an ilp from heads of adult an. stephensi and recognized the ilp in other immunoassays. the structure of the purified peptide matched that predicted for the ilp3 in this species. the native form stimulated ecdysteroid production by ovaries ...201728502740
metazoan ribosome inactivating protein encoding genes acquired by horizontal gene transfer.ribosome inactivating proteins (rips) are rna n-glycosidases that depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of 28s rrna. these enzymes are widely distributed among plants and their presence has also been confirmed in several bacterial species. recently, we reported for the first time in silico evidence of rip encoding genes in metazoans, in two closely related species of insects: aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. here, we have experimentally confirmed the p ...201728500327
larval interference competition between the native neotropical mosquito limatus durhamii and the invasive aedes aegypti improves the fitness of both species.interspecific competition with native species during biological invasions can sometimes limit alien expansion. we aimed to determine the potential ecological effects of limatus durhamii theobald 1901, a native neotropical mosquito (diptera: culicidae) species, on the invasive species aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus 1762) that breeds in the same artificial water containers. development time and adult dry mass were measured in 3 rearing conditions: control (a single larva), intraspecific compe ...201728497885
assessing the effect of selection with deltamethrin on biological parameters and detoxifying enzymes in aedes aegypti (l.).resistance to insecticides through one or several mechanisms has a cost for an insect in various parameters of its biological cycle. the present study evaluated the effect of deltamethrin on detoxifying enzymes and biological parameters in a population of aedes aegypti selected for 15 generations. the enzyme activities of alpha- and beta-esterases, mixed-function oxidases and glutathione-s-transferases were determined during selection, along with biological parameters.201728485040
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