| tree hole mosquito species composition and relative abundances differ between urban and adjacent forest habitats in northwestern argentina. | water-holding tree holes are main larval habitats for many pathogen vectors, especially mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). along 3 years, the diversity and composition of mosquito species in tree holes of two neighbouring but completely different environments, a city and its adjacent forest, were compared using generalized linear mixed models, permanova, simper and species association indexes. the city area (northwest argentina) is highly relevant epidemiologically due to the presence of aedes aeg ... | 2017 | 28770688 |
| age of initial cohort of dengue patients could explain the origin of disease outbreak in a setting: a case control study in rajasthan, india. | dengue fever (df) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) is a public health problem with 390 million cases reported in world annually. in rajasthan, df with dhf is being reported for about two decades. for undertaking interventions into disease transmission, locating origin of transmission is very important. present paper reports retrospective analysis of the hospital reported cases of dengue during the year 2013-2014 undertaken in barmer, rajasthan. to address task of investigating outbreak, detail ... | 2017 | 28770247 |
| an analysis of community perceptions of mosquito-borne disease control and prevention in sint eustatius, caribbean netherlands. | in the caribbean, mosquito-borne diseases are a public health threat. in sint eustatius, dengue, chikungunya and zika are now endemic. to control and prevent mosquito-borne diseases, the sint eustatius public health department relies on the community to assist with the control of aedes aegypti mosquito. unfortunately, community based interventions are not always simple, as community perceptions and responses shape actions and influence behavioural responses objective: the aim of this study was t ... | 2017 | 28766466 |
| participation of 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3ζ proteins in the phagocytosis, component of cellular immune response, in aedes mosquito cell lines. | better knowledge of the innate immune system of insects will improve our understanding of mosquitoes as potential vectors of diverse pathogens. the ubiquitously expressed 14-3-3 protein family is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals, and at least two isoforms of 14-3-3, the ε and ζ, have been identified in insects. these proteins have been shown to participate in both humoral and cellular immune responses in drosophila. as mosquitoes of the genus aedes are the primary vectors for arbov ... | 2017 | 28764795 |
| a mosquito entomoglyceroporin, aedes aegypti aqp5 participates in water transport across the malpighian tubules of larvae. | the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is the primary vector for arboviral diseases such as zika fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and yellow fever. the larvae reside in hypo-osmotic freshwater habitats, where they face dilution of their body fluids from osmotic influx of water. the malpighian tubules help maintain ionic and osmotic homeostasis by removing excess water from the hemolymph, but the transcellular pathway for this movement remains unresolved. aquaporins are transmembrane channels thought to p ... | 2017 | 28760831 |
| amino acid metabolic signaling influences aedes aegypti midgut microbiome variability. | the mosquito midgut microbiota has been shown to influence vector competence for multiple human pathogens. the microbiota is highly variable in the field, and the sources of this variability are not well understood, which limits our ability to understand or predict its effects on pathogen transmission. in this work, we report significant variation in female adult midgut bacterial load between strains of a. aegypti which vary in their susceptibility to dengue virus. composition of the midgut micr ... | 2017 | 28753661 |
| dengue subgenomic flaviviral rna disrupts immunity in mosquito salivary glands to increase virus transmission. | globally re-emerging dengue viruses are transmitted from human-to-human by aedes mosquitoes. while viral determinants of human pathogenicity have been defined, there is a lack of knowledge of how dengue viruses influence mosquito transmission. identification of viral determinants of transmission can help identify isolates with high epidemiological potential. additionally, mechanistic understanding of transmission will lead to better understanding of how dengue viruses harness evolution to cycle ... | 2017 | 28753642 |
| a cross-sectional survey of aedes aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural household containers in central colombia. | aedes aegypti, the major vector of dengue, breeds in domestic water containers. the development of immature mosquitoes in such containers is influenced by various environmental, ecological and socioeconomic factors. urban and rural disparities in water storage practices and water source supply may affect mosquito immature abundance and, potentially, dengue risk. we evaluated the effect of water and container characteristics on a. aegypti immature abundance in urban and rural areas. data were col ... | 2017 | 28750651 |
| aedes ægypti control in urban areas: a systemic approach to a complex dynamic. | the available strategy for controlling the diseases transmitted by aedes ægypti (dengue fever, zika, and chikungunya) relies on continued community participation. despite slogans emphasizing how easy it should be, no country has achieved it since the seventies. to better investigate potentially sustainable interventions, we developed a systemic model based on a multidisciplinary approach, integrating as deeply as possible specialized knowledge and field experience. the resulting model is compose ... | 2017 | 28749942 |
| larvicidal activity prediction against aedes aegypti mosquito using computational tools. | aedes aegypti is an important vector for transmission of dengue, yellow fever, chikun- gunya, arthritis, and zika fever. according to the world health organization, it is estimated that ae. aegypti causes 50 million infections and 25,000 deaths per year. use of larvicidal agents is one of the recommendations of health organizations to control mosquito populations and limit their distribution. the aim of present study was to deduce a mathematical model to predict the larvicidal action of chemical ... | 2017 | 28748838 |
| could the recent zika epidemic have been predicted? | given knowledge at the time, the recent 2015-2016 zika virus (zikv) epidemic probably could not have been predicted. without the prior knowledge of zikv being already present in south america, and given the lack of understanding of key epidemiologic processes and long-term records of zikv cases in the continent, the best related prediction could be carried out for the potential risk of a generic aedes-borne disease epidemic. here we use a recently published two-vector basic reproduction number m ... | 2017 | 28747901 |
| dengue serotype circulation in natural populations of aedes aegypti. | ae. aegypti is the main vector of dengue (denv), zika (zikv), and chikungunya (chikv) viruses. the transmission dynamics of these arboviruses, especially the arboviral circulation in the mosquito population during low and high transmission seasons in endemic areas are still poorly understood. we conducted an entomological survey to determine dengue infection rates in ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus. these collections were performed in 2012-2013 during a rio de janeiro epidemic, just before the ... | 2017 | 28743449 |
| tracking the return of aedes aegypti to brazil, the major vector of the dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. | aedes aegypti, commonly known as "the yellow fever mosquito", is of great medical concern today primarily as the major vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, although yellow fever remains a serious health concern in some regions. the history of ae. aegypti in brazil is of particular interest because the country was subjected to a well-documented eradication program during 1940s-1950s. after cessation of the campaign, the mosquito quickly re-established in the early 1970s with several de ... | 2017 | 28742801 |
| insecticide resistance is mediated by multiple mechanisms in recently introduced aedes aegypti from madeira island (portugal). | aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector of arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya and zika. in 2005, ae. aegypti was identified for the first time in madeira island. despite an initial insecticide-based vector control program, the species expanded throughout the southern coast of the island, suggesting the presence of insecticide resistance. here, we characterized the insecticide resistance status and the underlying mechanisms of two populations of ae. aegypti from madeira island, funchal a ... | 2017 | 28742096 |
| wolbachia and dengue virus infection in the mosquito aedes fluviatilis (diptera: culicidae). | dengue represents a serious threat to human health, with billions of people living at risk of the disease. wolbachia pipientis is a bacterial endosymbiont common to many insect species. wolbachia transinfections in mosquito disease vectors have great value for disease control given the bacterium's ability to spread into wild mosquito populations, and to interfere with infections of pathogens, such as dengue virus. aedes fluviatilis is a mosquito with a widespread distribution in latin america, b ... | 2017 | 28732048 |
| conditions for success of engineered underdominance gene drive systems. | engineered underdominance is one of a number of different gene drive strategies that have been proposed for the genetic control of insect vectors of disease. here we model a two-locus engineered underdominance based gene drive system that is based on the concept of mutually suppressing lethals. in such a system two genetic constructs are introduced, each possessing a lethal element and a suppressor of the lethal at the other locus. specifically, we formulate and analyse a population genetics mod ... | 2017 | 28728996 |
| first record of natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti from cuba. | while horizontal transmission (human-mosquito-human) of dengue viruses largely determines the epidemiology of the disease, vertical transmission (infected female mosquito- infected offspring) has been suggested as a mechanism that ensures maintenance of the virus during adverse conditions for horizontal transmission to occur. the purpose of this study was to analyze the natural infection of larval stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) with the dengue virus (denv) in cuba. here, we report ... | 2017 | 28720490 |
| low density lipopolyprotein inhibits flavivirus acquisition in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti is the primary vector of a number of human pathogens including dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv). ae. aegypti acquires these viruses during the processing of bloodmeals obtained from an infected vertebrate host. vertebrate blood contains a number of factors that have the potential to modify virus acquisition in the mosquito. interestingly, low density lipopolyprotein (ldl) levels are decreased during severe denv infection. accordingly, we hypothesized that ldl is a modifiab ... | 2017 | 28718976 |
| characterization and productivity profiles of aedes aegypti (l.) breeding habitats across rural and urban landscapes in western and coastal kenya. | aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue and other emerging arboviruses, breeds preferentially in various man-made and natural container habitats. in the absence of vaccine, epidemiological surveillance and vector control remain the best practices for preventing dengue outbreaks. effective vector control depends on a good understanding of larval and adult vector ecology of which little is known in kenya. in the current study, we sought to characterize breeding habitats and establish contai ... | 2017 | 28701194 |
| camino verde (the green way): evidence-based community mobilisation for dengue control in nicaragua and mexico: feasibility study and study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. | since the aedes aegypti mosquitoes that transmit dengue virus can breed in clean water, who-endorsed vector control strategies place sachets of organophosphate pesticide, temephos (abate), in household water storage containers. these and other pesticide-dependent approaches have failed to curb the spread of dengue and multiple dengue virus serotypes continue to spread throughout tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. a feasibility study in managua, nicaragua, generated instruments, interven ... | 2017 | 28699570 |
| which green way: description of the intervention for mobilising against aedes aegypti under difficult security conditions in southern mexico. | community mobilisation for prevention requires engagement with and buy in from those communities. in the mexico state of guerrero, unprecedented social violence related to the narcotics trade has eroded most community structures. a recent randomised controlled trial in 90 coastal communities achieved sufficient mobilisation to reduce conventional vector density indicators, self-reported dengue illness and serologically proved dengue virus infection. | 2017 | 28699562 |
| mobilising communities for aedes aegypti control: the sepa approach. | camino verde (the green way) is an evidence-based community mobilisation tool for prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne viral diseases. its effectiveness was demonstrated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in 2010-2013 in nicaragua and mexico. the common approach that brought functional consistency to the camino verde intervention in both mexico and nicaragua is socialisation of evidence for participatory action (sepa). in this article, we explain the sepa concept and its ... | 2017 | 28699561 |
| aedes aegypti breeding ecology in guerrero: cross-sectional study of mosquito breeding sites from the baseline for the camino verde trial in mexico. | understanding the breeding patterns of aedes aegypti in households and the factors associated with infestation are important for implementing vector control. the baseline survey of a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in mexico and nicaragua collected information about the containers that are the main breeding sites, identified possible actions to reduce breeding, and examined factors associated with household infestation. this paper describes fin ... | 2017 | 28699559 |
| beyond efficacy in water containers: temephos and household entomological indices in six studies between 2005 and 2013 in managua, nicaragua. | a cluster-randomized controlled trial of community mobilisation for dengue prevention in mexico and nicaragua reported, as a secondary finding, a higher risk of dengue virus infection in households where inspectors found temephos in water containers. data from control sites in the preceding pilot study and the nicaragua trial arm provided six time points (2005, 2006, 2007 and 2011, 2012, 2013) to examine potentially protective effects of temephos on entomological indices under every day conditio ... | 2017 | 28699558 |
| "where we put little fish in the water there are no mosquitoes:" a cross-sectional study on biological control of the aedes aegypti vector in 90 coastal-region communities of guerrero, mexico. | in the mexican state of guerrero, some households place fish in water storage containers to prevent the development of mosquito larvae. studies have shown that larvivorous fish reduce larva count in household water containers, but there is a lack of evidence about whether the use of fish is associated with a reduction in dengue virus infection. we used data from the follow up survey of the camino verde cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation to reduce dengue risk to study t ... | 2017 | 28699557 |
| pupal productivity in rainy and dry seasons: findings from the impact survey of a randomised controlled trial of dengue prevention in guerrero, mexico. | the follow-up survey of a cluster-randomised controlled trial of evidence-based community mobilisation for dengue control in nicaragua and mexico included entomological information from the 2012 rainy and dry seasons. we used data from the mexican arm of the trial to assess the impact of the community action on pupal production of the dengue vector aedes aegypti in both rainy and dry seasons. | 2017 | 28699555 |
| coverage and beliefs about temephos application for control of dengue vectors and impact of a community-based prevention intervention: secondary analysis from the camino verde trial in mexico. | temephos in domestic water containers remains a mainstay of latin american government programmes for control of aedes aegypti and associated illnesses, including dengue. there is little published evidence about coverage of routine temephos programmes. a cluster randomised controlled trial of community mobilisation in mexico and nicaragua reduced vector indices, dengue infection, and clinical dengue cases. secondary analysis from the mexican arm of the trial examined temephos coverage and beliefs ... | 2017 | 28699554 |
| assessing the effects of interventions for aedes aegypti control: systematic review and meta-analysis of cluster randomised controlled trials. | the aedes aegypti mosquito is the vector for dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses. inadequate vector control has contributed to persistence and increase of these diseases. this review assesses the evidence of effectiveness of different control measures in reducing aedes aegypti proliferation, using standard entomological indices. | 2017 | 28699552 |
| the camino verde intervention in nicaragua, 2004-2012. | camino verde (the green way) is an evidence-based community mobilisation tool for prevention of dengue and other mosquito-borne viral diseases. its effectiveness was demonstrated in a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted in 2010-2013 in nicaragua and mexico. the nicaraguan arm of the trial was preceded, from 2004 to 2008, by a feasibility study that provided valuable lessons and trained facilitators for the trial itself. here, guided by the template for intervention description and repl ... | 2017 | 28699551 |
| when communities are really in control: ethical issues surrounding community mobilisation for dengue prevention in mexico and nicaragua. | we discuss two ethical issues raised by camino verde, a 2011-2012 cluster-randomised controlled trial in mexico and nicaragua, that reduced dengue risk though community mobilisation. the issues arise from the approach adopted by the intervention, one called socialisation of evidence for participatory action. community volunteer teams informed householders of evidence about dengue, its costs and the life-cycle of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, while showing them the mosquito larvae in their own water ... | 2017 | 28699548 |
| informed community mobilization for dengue prevention in households with and without a regular water supply: secondary analysis from the camino verde trial in nicaragua. | studies in different countries have identified irregular water supply as a risk factor for dengue virus transmission. in 2013, camino verde, a cluster-randomised controlled trial in managua, nicaragua, and mexico's guerrero state, demonstrated impact of evidence-based community mobilisation on recent dengue infection and entomological indexes of infestation by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this secondary analysis of data from the trial impact survey asks: (1) what is the importance of regular water ... | 2017 | 28699544 |
| randomised controlled trials and changing public health practice. | one reason for doing randomised controlled trials (rcts) is that experiments can be convincing. early epidemiological experimenters, such as jenner and the smallpox vaccine and snow and his famous broad street pump handle, already knew the answer they were demonstrating; they used the experiments as knowledge translation devices to convince others.more sophisticated modern experiments include cluster randomised controlled trials (crcts) for experiments in the public health setting. the knowledge ... | 2017 | 28699541 |
| effect of an intervention in storm drains to prevent aedes aegypti reproduction in salvador, brazil. | aedes aegypti, the principal vector for dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, is a synanthropic species that uses stagnant water to complete its reproductive cycle. in urban settings, rainfall water draining structures, such as storm drains, may retain water and serve as a larval development site for aedes spp. reproduction. herein, we describe the effect of a community-based intervention on preventing standing water accumulation in storm drains and their consequent infestation by adult and imma ... | 2017 | 28697811 |
| comparative genomics shows that viral integrations are abundant and express pirnas in the arboviral vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) transmitted by mosquito vectors cause many important emerging or resurging infectious diseases in humans including dengue, chikungunya and zika. understanding the co-evolutionary processes among viruses and vectors is essential for the development of novel transmission-blocking strategies. episomal viral dna fragments are produced from arboviral rna upon infection of mosquito cells and adults. additionally, sequences from insect-specific viruses and arboviru ... | 2017 | 28676109 |
| protection against mosquito vectors aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus using a novel insect repellent, ethyl anthranilate. | growing concern on the application of synthetic mosquito repellents in the recent years has instigated the identification and development of better alternatives to control different mosquito-borne diseases. in view of above, present investigation evaluates the repellent activity of ethyl anthranilate (ea), a non-toxic, fda approved volatile food additive against three known mosquito vectors namely, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions followin ... | 2017 | 28666890 |
| wolbachia infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes alters blood meal excretion and delays oviposition without affecting trypsin activity. | blood feeding in aedes aegypti is essential for reproduction, but also permits the mosquito to act as a vector for key human pathogens such as the zika and dengue viruses. wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium that can manipulate the biology of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, making them less competent hosts for many pathogens. yet while wolbachia affects other aspects of host physiology, it is unclear whether it influences physiological processes associated with blood meal digestion. to t ... | 2017 | 28655666 |
| peridomestic aedes malayensis and aedes albopictus are capable vectors of arboviruses in cities. | dengue and chikungunya are global re-emerging mosquito-borne diseases. in singapore, sustained vector control coupled with household improvements reduced domestic mosquito populations for the past 45 years, particularly the primary vector aedes aegypti. however, while disease incidence was low for the first 30 years following vector control implementation, outbreaks have re-emerged in the past 15 years. epidemiological observations point to the importance of peridomestic infection in areas not t ... | 2017 | 28650959 |
| larval stress alters dengue virus susceptibility in aedes aegypti (l.) adult females. | in addition to genetic history, environmental conditions during larval stages are critical to the development, success and phenotypic fate of the aedes aegypti mosquito. in particular, previous studies have shown a strong genotype-by-environment component to adult mosquito body size in response to optimal vs stressed larval conditions. here, we expand upon those results by investigating the effects of larval-stage crowding and nutritional limitation on the susceptibility of a recent field isolat ... | 2017 | 28648790 |
| discovery of a single male aedes aegypti (l.) in merseyside, england. | the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.) is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions where it is the major vector of dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and more recently zika virus. given its importance as a vector of arboviruses and its propensity to be transported to new regions, the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) has placed ae. aegypti on a list of potentially invasive mosquito species. it was previously reported in the united kingdom (uk) in 1865 and 1919 but did not ... | 2017 | 28646879 |
| the impact of wolbachia infection on the rate of vertical transmission of dengue virus in brazilian aedes aegypti. | wolbachia pipientis is a common endosymbiotic bacterium of arthropods that strongly inhibits dengue virus (denv) infection and transmission in the primary vector, the mosquito aedes aegypti. for that reason, wolbachia-infected ae. aegypti are currently being released into the field as part of a novel strategy to reduce denv transmission. however, there is evidence that denv can be transmitted vertically from mother to progeny, and this may help the virus persist in nature in the absence of regul ... | 2017 | 28623959 |
| habitat productivity and pyrethroid susceptibility status of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in dar es salaam, tanzania. | aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) is the main vector of the dengue virus globally. dengue vector control is mainly based on reducing the vector population through interventions, which target potential breeding sites. however, in tanzania, little is known about this vector's habitat productivity and insecticide susceptibility status to support evidence-based implementation of control measures. the present study aimed at assessing the productivity and susceptibility status of a. aegypti mosquitoe ... | 2017 | 28595653 |
| knockdown resistance (kdr) of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of aedes aegypti population in denpasar, bali, indonesia. | aedes aegypti is the main vector of several arthropod-borne viral infections in the tropics profoundly affecting humans, such as dengue fever (df), west nile (wn), chikungunya and more recently zika. eradication of aedes still largely depends on insecticides, which is the most cost-effective strategy, and often inefficient due to resistance development in exposed aedes populations. we here conducted a study of ae. aegypti resistance towards several insecticides regularly used in the city of denp ... | 2017 | 28583207 |
| development of an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from alangium salvifolium against the dengue vector aedes aegypti and its biosafety on the aquatic predator. | plant extracts with their enriched chemical constituents have established potential alternative mosquito control agents. in this research, we developed an eco-friendly mosquitocidal agent from alangium salvifolium leaves against the dengue and zika virus vector aedes aegypti and we investigated its biosafety on the mosquito aquatic predator toxorhynchites splendens. results showed that the methanolic extract of a. salvifolium leaves was composed by eight main compounds, with major peak area for ... | 2017 | 28580548 |
| viruses vector control proposal: genus aedes emphasis. | the dengue fever is a major public health problem in the world. in brazil, in 2015, there were 1,534,932 cases, being 20,320 cases of severe form, and 811 deaths related to this disease. the distribution of aedes aegypti, the vector, is extensive. recently, zika and chikungunya viruses had arisen, sharing the same vector as dengue and became a huge public health issue. without specific treatment, it is urgently required as an effective vector control. this article is focused on reviewing vector ... | 2017 | 28577370 |
| the spread of wolbachia through mosquito populations. | in many regions of the world, mosquito-borne viruses pose a growing threat to human health. as an alternative to traditional control measures, the bacterial symbiont wolbachia has been transferred from drosophila into the mosquito aedes aegypti, where it can block the transmission of dengue and zika viruses. a recent paper has reported large-scale releases of wolbachia-infected ae. aegypti in the city of cairns, australia. wolbachia, which is maternally transmitted, invaded and spread through th ... | 2017 | 28570608 |
| effects of sublethal exposure to metofluthrin on the fitness of aedes aegypti in a domestic setting in cairns, queensland. | metofluthrin is highly effective at reducing biting activity in aedes aegypti. its efficacy lies in the rapid onset of confusion, knockdown, and subsequent kill of a mosquito. in the field, there are a variety of scenarios that might result in sublethal exposure to metofluthrin, including mosquitoes that are active at the margins of the chemical's lethal range, brief exposure as mosquitoes fly in and out of treated spaces or decreasing efficacy of the emanators with time. sublethal effects are k ... | 2017 | 28569175 |
| molecular studies with aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus, 1762), mosquito transmitting the dengue virus. | dengue is an infectious viral disease, which can present a wide clinical picture, ranging from oligo or asymptomatic forms, to bleeding and shock, and can progress to death. the disease problem has increased in recent years, especially in urban and suburban areas of tropical and subtropical regions. there are five dengue viruses, called serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, den-4, and den-5), which belong to the flaviviridae family and are transmitted to humans through infected mosquito bites, with th ... | 2017 | 28560571 |
| metofluthrin: investigations into the use of a volatile spatial pyrethroid in a global spread of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. | metofluthrin reduces biting activity in aedes aegypti through the confusion, knockdown, and subsequent kill of a mosquito. a geographical spread in dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses, increases intervention demands. response to a zika outbreak may require a different strategy than dengue, as high-risk individuals, specifically pregnant women, need to be targeted. | 2017 | 28558804 |
| local introduction and heterogeneous spatial spread of dengue-suppressing wolbachia through an urban population of aedes aegypti. | dengue-suppressing wolbachia strains are promising tools for arbovirus control, particularly as they have the potential to self-spread following local introductions. to test this, we followed the frequency of the transinfected wolbachia strain wmel through ae. aegypti in cairns, australia, following releases at 3 nonisolated locations within the city in early 2013. spatial spread was analysed graphically using interpolation and by fitting a statistical model describing the position and width of ... | 2017 | 28557993 |
| elevation as a proxy for mosquito-borne zika virus transmission in the americas. | when zika virus (zikv) first began its spread from brazil to other parts of the americas, national-level travel notices were issued, carrying with them significant economic consequences to affected countries. although regions of some affected countries were likely unsuitable for mosquito-borne transmission of zikv, the absence of high quality, timely surveillance data made it difficult to confidently demarcate infection risk at a sub-national level. in the absence of reliable data on zikv activi ... | 2017 | 28542540 |
| uncovering the repertoire of endogenous flaviviral elements in aedes mosquito genomes. | endogenous viral elements derived from nonretroviral rna viruses have been described in various animal genomes. whether they have a biological function, such as host immune protection against related viruses, is a field of intense study. here, we investigated the repertoire of endogenous flaviviral elements (efves) in aedes mosquitoes, the vectors of arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya viruses. previous studies identified three efves from aedes albopictus cell lines and one from aedes aeg ... | 2017 | 28539440 |
| enhanced larvicidal, antibacterial, and photocatalytic efficacy of tio2 nanohybrids green synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of parthenium hysterophorus. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles are emerging as a biocompatible nanomaterial with multipurpose bioactivities. in this study, titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles were effectively synthesized using the aqueous leaf extracts of parthenium hysterophorus prepared by microwave irradiation. tio2 nanoparticles were fabricated by treating the p. hysterophorus leaf extracts with the tio4 solution. biologically active compounds such as alcohols, phenols, alkanes, and fluoroalkanes were involved in bioredu ... | 2017 | 28537028 |
| transovarial transmission of denv in aedes aegypti in the amazon basin: a local model of xenomonitoring. | transovarial transmission of dengue virus in aedes spp. mosquitoes is considered an important mechanism for the maintenance of the virus in nature and may be implicated in the occurrence of outbreaks and epidemics of the disease. however, there are few studies involving transovarial transmission and viral vector monitoring as a surveillance tool and control strategy. the present study evaluated transovarial transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti populations as a xenomonitoring strategy in ... | 2017 | 28526066 |
| zika virus: obstetric and pediatric anesthesia considerations. | as of november 2016, the florida department of health (fdh) and the centers for disease control and prevention have confirmed more than 4000 travel-related zika virus (zikv) infections in the united states with >700 of those in florida. there have been 139 cases of locally acquired infection, all occurring in miami, florida. within the us territories (eg, puerto rico, us virgin islands), >30,000 cases of zikv infection have been reported. the projected number of individuals at risk for zikv infe ... | 2017 | 28525510 |
| impact of simultaneous exposure to arboviruses on infection and transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the recent emergence of both chikungunya and zika viruses in the americas has significantly expanded their distribution and has thus increased the possibility that individuals may become infected by more than one aedes aegypti-borne virus at a time. recent clinical data support an increase in the frequency of coinfection in human patients, raising the likelihood that mosquitoes could be exposed to multiple arboviruses during one feeding episode. the impact of coinfection on the ability of releva ... | 2017 | 28524874 |
| life-shortening wolbachia infection reduces population growth of aedes aegypti. | wolbachia bacteria are being introduced into natural populations of vector mosquitoes, with the goal of reducing the transmission of human diseases such as zika and dengue fever. the successful establishment of wolbachia infection is largely dependent on the effects of wolbachia infection to host fitness, but the effects of wolbachia infection on the individual life-history traits of immature mosquitoes can vary. here, the effects of life-shortening wolbachia (wmelpop) on population growth of in ... | 2017 | 28506794 |
| fta cards facilitate storage, shipment, and detection of arboviruses in infected aedes aegypti collected in adult mosquito traps. | abstractthe utility of applying infected aedes aegypti to flinders technology associates (fta(®)) cards for storage, transport, and detection of dengue, zika, and barmah forest viruses was assessed in laboratory-based experiments. the mosquitoes had been removed from gravid aedes traps maintained under conditions of high temperature and humidity. rna of all viruses could be detected in infected mosquitoes on fta cards either individually or in pools with uninfected mosquitoes, and stored for up ... | 2017 | 28500814 |
| interaction of flavivirus with their mosquito vectors and their impact on the human health in the americas. | some of the major arboviruses with public health importance, such as dengue, yellow fever, zika and west nile virus are mosquito-borne or mosquito-transmitted flavivirus. their principal vectors are from the family culicidae, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus being responsible of the urban cycles of dengue, zika and yellow fever virus. these vectors are highly competent for transmission of many arboviruses. the genetic variability of the vectors, the environment and the viral diversity modulate ... | 2017 | 28499872 |
| zingiber cernuum (zingiberaceae) essential oil as effective larvicide and oviposition deterrent on six mosquito vectors, with little non-target toxicity on four aquatic mosquito predators. | mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many pathogens and parasites, which cause serious diseases in humans and animals. currently, botanical products have been suggested as alternative tools in the fight against arthropod vectors. in this study, the essential oil (eo) extracted from zingiber cernuum was tested as larvicide and oviposition deterrent on six mosquito species of public health relevance, including malaria and zika virus vectors. the eo showed high toxicity on third insta ... | 2017 | 28497331 |
| development of nanoemulsion from vitex negundo l. essential oil and their efficacy of antioxidant, antimicrobial and larvicidal activities (aedes aegypti l.). | it is believed that nanoemulsions were emerged as a promising candidate to improve the qualities of natural essential oil towards antimicrobial and insecticidal applications. in the present study, we have focused on the encapsulation of vitex negundo l. leaf essential oil using polysorbate80 for its different biological activities including antioxidant, bactericidal and larvicidal activity against dengue fever vector aedes aegypti l. initially, the nanoemulsion was prepared by low energy method ... | 2017 | 28497330 |
| larvicidal activity of lignans and alkaloid identified in zanthoxylum piperitum bark toward insecticide-susceptible and wild culex pipiens pallens and aedes aegypti. | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, and the common house mosquito, culex pipiens pallens, transmit dengue fever and west nile virus diseases, respectively. this study was conducted to determine the toxicity of the three lignans (-)-asarinin, sesamin and (+)-xanthoxylol-γ,γ-dimethylallylether (xda), and the alkaloid pellitorine from zanthoxylum piperitum (rutaceae) bark to third-instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible c. pipiens pallens and ae. aegypti as well as wild c. pipiens pallens ... | 2017 | 28472971 |
| comparison of two detailed models of aedes aegypti population dynamics. | the success of control programs for mosquito borne diseases can be enhanced by crucial information provided by models of the mosquito populations. models, however, can differ in their structure, complexity and biological assumptions, and these differences impact their predictions. unfortunately, it is typically difficult to determine why two complex models make different predictions because we lack structured side-by-side comparisons of models using comparable parameterization. here we present a ... | 2016 | 28462011 |
| modelling dengue fever risk in the state of yucatan, mexico using regional-scale satellite-derived sea surface temperature. | accurately predicting vector-borne diseases, such as dengue fever, is essential for communities worldwide. changes in environmental parameters such as precipitation, air temperature, and humidity are known to influence dengue fever dynamics. furthermore, previous studies have shown how oceanographic variables, such as el niño southern oscillation (enso)-related sea surface temperature from the pacific ocean, influences dengue fever in the americas. however, literature is lacking on the use of re ... | 2017 | 28450208 |
| detecting the impact of temperature on transmission of zika, dengue, and chikungunya using mechanistic models. | recent epidemics of zika, dengue, and chikungunya have heightened the need to understand the seasonal and geographic range of transmission by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosquitoes. we use mechanistic transmission models to derive predictions for how the probability and magnitude of transmission for zika, chikungunya, and dengue change with mean temperature, and we show that these predictions are well matched by human case data. across all three viruses, models and human case data both show ... | 2017 | 28448507 |
| juvenile hormone and its receptor methoprene-tolerant promote ribosomal biogenesis and vitellogenesis in the aedes aegypti mosquito. | juvenile hormone (jh) controls many biological activities in insects, including development, metamorphosis, and reproduction. in the aedes aegypti mosquito, a vector of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika viruses, the metabolic tissue (the fat body, which is an analogue of the vertebrate liver) produces yolk proteins for developing oocytes. jh is important for the fat body to acquire competence for yolk protein production. however, the molecular mechanisms of how jh promotes mosquito rep ... | 2017 | 28446607 |
| species abundance and temporal variation of arbovirus vectors in brownsville, texas. | the recent outbreaks of the dengue fever and west nile viruses and the looming threats of the zika and chikungunya viruses highlight the importance of establishing effective, proactive arboviral surveillance in communities at high risk of transmission, such as those on the texas-mexico border. currently, there are no approved human vaccines available for these mosquito-borne diseases, so entomological control and case management are the only known methods for decreasing disease incidence. the pr ... | 2017 | 28444003 |
| dengue virus replicates and accumulates in aedes aegypti salivary glands. | dengue virus (denv) is an rna virus transmitted among humans by mosquito vectors, mainly aedes aegypti. denv transmission requires viral dissemination from the mosquito midgut to the salivary glands. during this process the virus undergoes several population bottlenecks, which are stochastic reductions in population size that restrict intra-host viral genetic diversity and limit the efficiency of natural selection. despite the implications for virus transmission and evolution, denv replication i ... | 2017 | 28431281 |
| yellow fever from angola and congo: a storm gathers. | in common with zika, chikungunya and dengue, yellow fever (yf) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus. it is transmitted between humans and from monkeys by mosquitoes of the aedes aegypti (its principal vector), haemogogus and albopictus varieties. three cycles of transmission may occur: urban; sylvatic; and intermediate. recently, sub-saharan africa has seen the resurgence of this neglected disease. the current yf outbreak in angola began in december 2015 in the capital luanda and by october 2016 the ... | 2017 | 28424031 |
| detection of a new pyrethroid resistance mutation (v410l) in the sodium channel of aedes aegypti: a potential challenge for mosquito control. | the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, particularly in neotropical regions, is the principal vector of dengue, yellow fever, zika and chikungunya viruses. pyrethroids remain one of the most used insecticides to control aedes mosquitoes, despite the development of pyrethroid resistance in many mosquito populations worldwide. here, we report a brazilian strain of a. aegypti with high levels (approximately 100-60,000 fold) of resistance to both type i and type ii pyrethroids. we detected two mut ... | 2017 | 28422157 |
| deploying dengue-suppressing wolbachia : robust models predict slow but effective spatial spread in aedes aegypti. | a novel strategy for controlling the spread of arboviral diseases such as dengue, zika and chikungunya is to transform mosquito populations with virus-suppressing wolbachia. in general, wolbachia transinfected into mosquitoes induce fitness costs through lower viability or fecundity. these maternally inherited bacteria also produce a frequency-dependent advantage for infected females by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which kills the embryos produced by uninfected females mated to inf ... | 2017 | 28411063 |
| severe dengue due to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case study. | dengue, transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti affects millions of people worldwide every year. dengue induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (hlh) is a serious condition and may prove fatal if not detected early and treated appropriately. diagnosis of hlh is challenging and usually missed as clinical and laboratory findings are nonspecific. moreover, the pathophysiology of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and/or sepsis is remarkably similar to hlh. secondary hlh following infe ... | 2017 | 28409119 |
| vector competence and innate immune responses to dengue virus infection in selected laboratory and field-collected stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti). | control of dengue virus (denv) transmission, primarily based on strategies to reduce populations of the principle vector stegomya aegypti (= aedes aegypti) (diptera: culicidae), is difficult to sustain over time. other potential strategies aim to manipulate characteristics such as vector competence (vc), the innate capacity of the vector to transmit the virus. previous studies have identified genetic factors, including differential expression of apoptosis-related genes, associated with the refra ... | 2017 | 28407282 |
| advances in vector control science: rear-and-release strategies show promise… but don't forget the basics. | both chikungunya and zika viruses have recently swept from africa across the pacific to the americas, causing major outbreaks of disease in humans. in the meantime, dengue epidemics continue throughout the tropics. traditional vector control programs based on strategies from 1950s and 1960s have been relatively ineffective in combating recent epidemics. in response, new methods involving the rearing and releasing of large numbers of mosquitoes to eliminate or modify local aedes populations are b ... | 2017 | 28403439 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) abundance model improved with relative humidity and precipitation-driven egg hatching. | we propose an improved aedes aegypti (l.) abundance model that takes into account the effect of relative humidity (rh) on adult survival, as well as rainfall-triggered egg hatching. the model uses temperature-dependent development rates described in the literature as well as documented estimates for mosquito survival in environments with high rh, and for egg desiccation. we show that combining the two additional components leads to better agreement with surveillance trap data and with dengue inc ... | 2017 | 28402546 |
| repellency of 29 synthetic and natural commercial topical insect repellents against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in central mexico. | in mexico, the use of repellents to prevent insects from landing and biting is a common practice. however, variation in the efficiency of natural and synthetic repellents has been observed. in this study, we evaluated the repellency and protection time of 16 synthetic and 13 natural-based commercial products against aedes aegypti (l.) from an endemic dengue area (jojutla, morelos) in central mexico. the "arm exposure" cage test was used to assess the efficacy of the repellents. tests were conduc ... | 2017 | 28402436 |
| why is aedes aegypti linnaeus so successful as a species? | diseases transmitted by mosquitoes impose enormous burden towards human morbidity and mortality. over the last three decades, brazil has suffered from severe dengue epidemics. in september 2014, this situation is further complicated by the introduction of two other viruses, zika and chikungunya, placing brazil in a triple epidemic. in this article, we discuss the biology of aedes aegypti linnaeus, and the principal initiatives currently used to control mosquito populations and the diseases they ... | 2017 | 28401481 |
| optimal repellent usage to combat dengue fever. | dengue fever is one of the most important vector-borne diseases. it is transmitted by aedes stegomyia aegypti, and one of the most effective strategies to combat the disease is the reduction of exposure to bites of these mosquitoes. in this paper, we present a game-theoretical model in which individuals choose their own level of protection against mosquito bites in order to maximize their own benefits, effectively balancing the cost of protection and the risk of contracting the dengue fever. we ... | 2016 | 27142427 |
| [aedes aegypti larval infestation index and identification of awareness, attitudes and practices related to dengue in tire shops in atlántico, colombia]. | objective to identify the awareness, attitudes and practices related to dengue in owners and workers of tire ships, as well as the levels of mosquito infestation in tire shops in atlántico department - colombia. methods we conducted a descriptive study. the variables were described as percentages and measures of central tendency and dispersion. index of larval infestation and containers were calculated in each of the municipalities studied. we visited and inspected 111 tire shops. 26.1 % (29/111 ... | 2015 | 28453051 |
| cold season mortality under natural conditions and subsequent hatching response of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (diptera: culicidae) eggs in a subtropical city of argentina. | in temperate and subtropical regions, populations of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) survive unfavorable winter conditions in the egg stage. knowing their survival rates can be of great interest for the health authorities in charge of control activities. in this study, we analyzed the mortality of ae. aegypti eggs exposed to the cold season as well as their hatching patterns under laboratory conditions in the city of resistencia, chaco, argentina. the mortality rate was 48.6%. no statistically si ... | 2015 | 26336247 |
| dengue vectors in urban and suburban assam, india: entomological observations. | dengue is rapidly becoming established in north-east india and spreading, on account of rapid urbanization and population movement, with reported morbidity and attributable death cases. this study aims to determine the seasonal abundance of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus and aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in guwahati metropolis and suburban settlements; to characterize the breeding resources for these mosquitoes; and to ascertain the status of their susceptibility to adulticides and larvicides. | 2017 | 28607255 |
| [dengue vector control using ether fractions from two plants (asteraceae) as larvicide]. | evaluating the larvicidal activity of two ether factions from asteraceae (the aster, daisy or sunflower family, i.e. heli opsisoppositifolia (l.) druce (oxeye, sunflower-like) and jaegeria hirta (lag.) less (weed-like)) on aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) final third instar or initial fourth instar larvae near the town of armenia in the quindío department in colombia. | 2014 | 24892666 |
| [effect of pyriproxyfen for the aedes (s) aegypti control (diptera: culicidae) in strains with various degrees of temephos resistance]. | the continuous use of the organophosphate temephos for aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) has prompted the emergence of resistance to this product in several countries. pyriproxyfen is an analogue of the juvenile hormone recommended by the world health organization as one of the alternative regulators of the dengue vector in drinking waters. | 2016 | 23437553 |
| first description of a dengue fever outbreak in the interior of french guiana, february 2006. | a dengue fever outbreak occurred in the interior of french guiana from november 2005 onwards. an investigation, with epidemiological, entomological and public health inputs, was initiated. its objectives were to confirm the outbreak, to describe the emergence of dengue fever in the high maroni area and to initiate a specific public health response. | 2009 | 19221023 |
| adulticidal activity against stegomyia aegypti (diptera: culicidae) of three piper spp. | three piper species, piper longum, p. ribesoides and p. sarmentosum, were selected for investigation of adulticidal potential against stegomyia aegypti, a main vector of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. successive extraction by maceration with 95% ethanol showed percentage yields of ethanolic extracts, which derived from p. longum, p. ribesoides and p. sarmentosum, of 8.89, 3.21 and 5.30% (w/w), respectively. all piper extracts illustrated an impressive adulticidal activity when tested agai ... | 2006 | 16547577 |
| copper ii - polar amino acid complexes: toxicity to bacteria and larvae of aedes aegypti. | control strategies using insecticides are sometimes ineffective due to the resistance of the insect vectors.in this scenario new products must be proposed for the control of insect vectors.the complexes l-aspartate cu (ii) and l-glutamate-cu (ii) complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, visible ultraviolet, infrared spectroscopy and potentiometric titration. the toxicity of these complexes was analyzed in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae and gram-negative and ... | 2017 | 28746551 |
| jaburetox: update on a urease-derived peptide. | urease from canavalia ensiformis seeds was the first enzyme ever to be crystallized, in 1926. these proteins, found in plants, bacteria and fungi, present different biological properties including catalytic hydrolysis of urea, and also enzyme-independent activities, such as induction of exocytosis, pro-inflammatory effects, neurotoxicity, antifungal and insecticidal properties. urease is toxic to insects and fungi per se but part of this toxicity relies on an internal peptide (~11 kda), which is ... | 2017 | 28638403 |
| bacteria-mediated hypoxia functions as a signal for mosquito development. | mosquitoes host communities of microbes in their digestive tract that consist primarily of bacteria. we previously reported that several mosquito species, including aedes aegypti, do not develop beyond the first instar when fed a nutritionally complete diet in the absence of a gut microbiota. in contrast, several species of bacteria, including escherichia coli, rescue development of axenic larvae into adults. the molecular mechanisms underlying bacteria-dependent growth are unknown. here, we des ... | 2017 | 28630299 |
| new insights into hcv replication in original cells from aedes mosquitoes. | the existing literature about hcv association with, and replication in mosquitoes is extremely poor. to fill this gap, we performed cellular investigations aimed at exploring (i) the capacity of hcv e1e2 glycoproteins to bind on aedes mosquito cells and (ii) the ability of hcv serum particles (hcvsp) to replicate in these cell lines. | 2017 | 28830495 |
| larvicidal potency of marine actinobacteria isolated from mangrove environment against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. | the marine soil samples were collected from different locations of parangipettai mangrove ecosystem, vellar estuary, southeast coast of india. totally 30 different marine actinobacteria were isolated by serial dilution plate technique on starch casein agar medium. the isolated actinobacteria were investigated for their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. streptomyces fungicidicus, s. griseus, s. albus, s. alboflavus and s. rochei were identified as poten ... | 2017 | 28615847 |
| efficacy of the vegetative cells of lysinibacillus sphaericus for biological control of insecticide-resistant aedes aegypti. | the control of aedes aegypti is usually based on chemical insecticides, but the overuse of these compounds has led to increased resistance. the binary toxin produced by lysinibacillus sphaericus in the final stages of sporulation is used for mosquito control due to its specificity against the culicid larvae; however, it has been proved that ae. aegypti is refractory for this toxin. currently, there is no evidence of the use of l. sphaericus vegetative cells for mosquito biocontrol. therefore, in ... | 2017 | 28490350 |
| mycobacterium ulcerans low infectious dose and mechanical transmission support insect bites and puncturing injuries in the spread of buruli ulcer. | addressing the transmission enigma of the neglected disease buruli ulcer (bu) is a world health organization priority. in australia, we have observed an association between mosquitoes harboring the causative agent, mycobacterium ulcerans, and bu. here we tested a contaminated skin model of bu transmission by dipping the tails from healthy mice in cultures of the causative agent, mycobacterium ulcerans. tails were exposed to mosquito (aedes notoscriptus and aedes aegypti) blood feeding or punctur ... | 2017 | 28410412 |
| vector competence of aedes albopictus (skuse) and aedes aegypti (linnaeus) for plasmodium gallinaceum infection and transmission. | avian malaria caused by plasmodium gallinaceum is an important mosquito-borne disease. eradication of this disease remains problematic since its competent vectors are diverse and widely distributed across the globe. several mosquito species were implicated as competent vectors for this parasite. however, studies on vector competence for p. gallinaceum remain limited. in this study, vector competence in the two most predominant mosquito vectors in tropical countries, aedes albopictus and ae. aegy ... | 2017 | 28579025 |
| costs and benefits of mosquito refractoriness to malaria parasites: implications for genetic variability of mosquitoes and genetic control of malaria. | the problem of fitness costs associated with host resistance to parasitism is related to the evolution of parasite virulence, population genetic diversity and the dynamics of host-parasite relationships, and proposed strategies for disease control through the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors. two aedes aegypti populations, refractory and susceptible to plasmodium gallinaceum, were previously selected from the moyo-in-dry strain (moyo) through inbreeding (f = 0.5). reproductive success an ... | 1997 | 28565348 |
| synergistic efficacy of aedes aegypti antimicrobial peptide cecropin a2 and tetracycline against pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has created an urgent need for alternative drugs with new mechanisms of action. antimicrobial peptides (amps) are promising candidates that could address the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, either alone or in combination with conventional antibiotics. we studied the antimicrobial efficacy and bactericidal mechanism of cecropin a2, a 36-residue α-helical cationic peptide derived from aedes aegypti cecropin a, focusing on the common pathog ... | 2017 | 28483966 |
| aedes aegypti piwi4 is a noncanonical piwi protein involved in antiviral responses. | the small interfering rna (sirna) pathway is a major antiviral response in mosquitoes; however, another rna interference pathway, the piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathway, has been suggested to be antiviral in mosquitoes. piwi4 has been reported to be a key mediator of this response in mosquitoes, but it is not involved in the production of virus-specific pirnas. here, we show that piwi4 associates with members of the antiviral exogenous sirna pathway (ago2 and dcr2), as well as with proteins of ... | 2017 | 28497119 |
| characterization of tolypocladium cylindrosporum (hypocreales: ophiocordycipitaceae) and its impact against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus eggs at low temperature. | we examined the growth characteristics of tolypocladium cylindrosporum ibt 41712 and its potential to infect eggs of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus at a low temperature (15°c). when grown on sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented with yeast extract, the ibt 41712 formed white colonies turning to a slightly darker, off-white color when mature. the mycelia bore swollen conidiophores producing smooth-walled, oblong to cylindrical conidia with varying sizes, ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 μm long. to deter ... | 2017 | 28854112 |
| the role of the environment in the evolution of tolerance and resistance to a pathogen. | defense against parasites can be divided into resistance, which limits parasite burden, and tolerance, which reduces pathogenesis at a given parasite burden. distinguishing between the two and understanding which defense is favored by evolution in different ecological settings are important, as they lead to fundamentally different evolutionary trajectories of host-parasite interactions. we let the mosquito aedes aegypti evolve under different food levels and with either no parasite, a constant p ... | 2017 | 28829641 |
| specificity and putative mode of action of a mosquito larvicidal toxin from the bacterium xenorhabdus innexi. | reduction of mosquito-borne diseases relies, in part, on the use of synthetic pesticides to control pest mosquitoes. this reliance has led to genetic resistance, environmental contamination and the nondiscriminatory elimination of both pest and non-pest species. to expand our options for control, we screened entomopathogenic bacteria for potential larvicidal activity. a lipopeptide from the bacterium, xenorhabdus innexi, was discovered that displayed potent larvicidal activity. the lc50s of the ... | 2017 | 28712711 |
| potential risk of re-emergence of urban transmission of yellow fever virus in brazil facilitated by competent aedes populations. | yellow fever virus (yfv) causing a deadly viral disease is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. in brazil, yfv is restricted to a forest cycle maintained between non-human primates and forest-canopy mosquitoes, where humans can be tangentially infected. since late 2016, a growing number of human cases have been reported in southeastern brazil at the gates of the most populated areas of south america, the atlantic coast, with rio de janeiro state hosting nearly 16 million people. we sh ... | 2017 | 28687779 |
| taking innovative vector control interventions in urban latin america to scale: lessons learnt from multi-country implementation research. | prior to the current public health emergency following the emergence of chikungunya and zika virus disease in the americas during 2014 and 2015, multi-country research investigated between 2011 and 2013 the efficacy of novel aedes aegypti intervention packages through cluster randomised controlled trials in four latin-american cities: fortaleza (brazil); girardot (colombia), acapulco (mexico) and salto (uruguay). results from the trials led to a scaling up effort of the interventions at city lev ... | 2017 | 28829235 |