Publications

oral infection of aedes aegypti with yellow fever virus: geographic variation and genetic considerations.	twenty-eight populations representing a worldwide distribution of aedes aegypti were tested for their ability to become orally infected with yellow fever virus (yfv). populations had been analyzed for genetic variations at 11 isozyme loci and assigned to one of 8 genetic geographic groups of ae. aegypti. infection rates suggest that populations showing isozyme genetic relatedness also demonstrate similarity to oral infection rates with yfv. the findings support the hypothesis that genetic variat ...	1985	3834804
selection for susceptibility and refractoriness of aedes aegypti to oral infection with yellow fever virus.	artificial selection on strains of aedes aegypti showing susceptibility and refractoriness to oral infection with yellow fever virus (yfv) suggests that there is a significant genetic component to this trait. using a population with an average susceptibility of 15%, inbreeding of isofemale lines followed by individual selection produced susceptible (29% infected) and refractory (11% infected) lines. the difference between lines was largely apparent before individual selection, which failed to in ...	1985	3834805
rainfall, abundance of aedes aegypti and dengue infection in selangor, malaysia.	an epidemio-meteorotropic analytical study of selangor, in the southwest coast of peninsular malaysia, examines the monthly incidence of dengue for the period 1973-1982 to assess possible quantitative association with the monthly rainfall. the relationships between rainfall, abundance of a. aegypti and dengue infection during 1982 in jinjang, a dengue-prone area in selangor, were also examined. a quantitative association between rainfall and the number of dengue cases was found during the first ...	1985	3835698
[new data on the transmission of filariae].	this paper summarizes research of the past several years on two phases of filarial transmission: the ingestion of microfilariae by the vector and the regulation of the percentage of successful parasites by the vector. experiments involved several different models for study: injection of inert particles into the bloodstream of a rodent and their subsequent ingestion by a vector; ingestion of gametocytes of different ages by vectors of a rodent malaria; and a monkey simultaneously infected with fo ...	1985	3836764
aedes aegypti: model for blood finding strategy and prediction of parasite manipulation.	aedes aegypti mosquitoes salivate during intradermal probing of vertebrate prey before ingesting blood (griffiths and gordon 1952). nonsalivating mosquitoes locate blood more slowly; this difference was ascribed to an anti-platelet activity found in the mosquito's saliva (ribeiro et al. 1984). mosquitoes infected with plasmodium gallinaceum suffer pathology that specifically impairs saliva anti-hemostatic activity but without reducing volume of output (rossignol et al. 1984). the complexity of t ...	1985	3839460
[present viability of the eradication of aedes aegypti in the control of yellow fever in brazil].		1985	3843131
geographic genetic differentiation and arbovirus competency: aedes aegypti and yellow fever.		1985	3870635
a simple method of identifying organophosphate insecticide resistance in adults of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	a simple filter paper spot test is described for identifying adult aedes aegypti resistant to malathion as a result of raised esterase levels. the method is compared with established polyacrylamide gel (pag) electrophoresis techniques for determining esterase-6 activity, and its applicability as a field test is discussed.	1985	3880211
laboratory evaluation of controlled-release insect repellent formulations.	seven microcapsule formulations and two polymer formulations of deet were tested on white rabbits for their repellency against the mosquito, aedes aegypti. two microcapsule formulations and one polymer formulation provided more than 80% protection for 12 hours. results demonstrated that the protection period of deet can be extended through controlled-release techniques.	1985	3880224
development of dirofilaria immitis third stage larvae (nematoda: filarioidea) in micropore chambers implanted into surrogate hosts.	groups of 100 third stage larvae of dirofilaria immitis recovered from aedes aegypti were loaded into 250 microliters capacity micropore chambers (0.3 micron pore size) and implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice, jirds, cotton rats and ferrets. in all hosts 74-87% of larvae moulted by 74 hours, with less than 5% mortality. the fourth stage worms recovered at 74 hours were cultured in vitro in l-15 (leibovitz) medium plus 20% foetal bovine serum with a dog sarcoma feeder cell line. after 96 ...	1985	3890119
viability of mycobacterium leprae within the gut of aedes aegypti after they feed on multibacillary lepromatous patients: a study by fluorescent and electron microscopes.		1985	3908862
development of mansonella ozzardi in the liverpool strain of aedes aegypti.		1985	3914123
mechanical transmission of rift valley fever virus by hematophagous diptera.	experimental studies were conducted to determine if hematophagous diptera were capable of mechanical transmission of rift valley fever (rvf) virus to laboratory animals. all species tested (glossina morsitans, aedes aegypti, aedes taeniorhynchus, culex pipiens, stomoxys calcitrans, lutzomyia longipalpis, and culicoides variipennis) mechanically transmitted the virus to hamsters. mechanical transmission rates for g. morsitans ranged from 0-100%, with the probability of mechanical transmission pos ...	1985	3970308
plasmodium gallinaceum: sporozoite activity in immune mosquito hemolymph.	sporozoites of plasmodium gallinaceum are relatively inactive in hanks' balanced salt solution or in the hemolymph of the susceptible aedes aegypti mosquito. they become agitated and very active in the presence of the hemolymph of the innately immune mosquito, culex pipiens. sporozoites from the latter are more infective in chicks than the former. this behavior is likely the result of stimulation or irritation by the adverse environment.	1985	3972059
characterization of refractoriness in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to infection by dirofilaria immitis.		1985	3981554
[sensitivity of aedes aegypti infected with the malaria agent to ddt].		1985	3990637
the effect of different types of skin surfaces on the transmission of brugia pahangi infective larvae by the mosquito aedes aegypti.	the transmission of brugia pahangi from aedes aegypti into meriones unguiculatus was compared for four different skin surfaces (hairy, cloth, clean, greasy). unshaven jirds reduced the feeding avidity of infective mosquitoes. the loss of larvae from infective mosquitoes was greatest when these insects fed on "exposed" skin surfaces. significantly fewer infective larvae penetrated the host when infective mosquitoes fed on a jird through a thin layer of cloth.	1985	3992643
failure to detect natural transovarial transmission of dengue viruses by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).		1985	4009622
bioassays of bacillus sphaericus (strain 1593) against mosquitoes of public health importance in malaysia.	the pathogenicity of bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 was tested against laboratory-reared larvae of four local species of mosquitoes of public health importance in malaysia; aedes aegypti, anopheles balabacensis, mansonia uniformis and culex quinquefasciatus. the bacteria was shake-cultured at 28 +/- 1 degrees c for three days, using glucose-yeast extract salts medium. after which, the spores and vegetative cells were harvested and stored at 4 degrees c before use. conditions for bioassays were ...	1985	4023816
effect of dirofilaria immitis on blood meal size and fecundity in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1985	4045936
[effect of mosquito contact with ddt and their susceptibility to the causative agent of malaria].	the contact of aedes aegypti mosquitoes with ddt one hour prior to the infectious feeding results in a slight decrease of their susceptibility to plasmodium gallinaceum. the contact 24 hours prior to the infectious feeding does not affect the susceptibility of mosquitoes.	1985	4047719
dengue and hepatic failure.	dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome is a serious manifestation of dengue fever, which is observed predominantly in the tropical regions of the west pacific and in southeast asia and is associated with secondary infections, mainly in children under age 15. a concomitant microangiopathic coagulopathy has been described; moreover, encephalopathy and even reye's syndrome have been rarely reported. this report describes a 51-year-old man with secondary dengue infection who presented with c ...	1985	4061482
comparative susceptibility of mosquito species and strains to oral and parenteral infection with dengue and japanese encephalitis viruses.	thirty-four strains of asian and pacific mosquitoes belonging to 22 species of 7 genera were compared for oral and/or parenteral susceptibility to infection with 1 or more strains of each of the 4 dengue serotypes. surprisingly, several species of common man-biting aedes were much more susceptible to oral infection with each of the 4 dengue serotypes than was aedes aegypti. these species included aedes albopictus and members of the scutellaris group of the subgenus stegomyia found on south pacif ...	1985	2860816
disease-bearing insects brought in by international aircraft into singapore.	fifty-seven (17.3%) of 330 incoming aircraft landing at changi international airport were found to harbour mosquitoes and other insects on board. the frequency of insects detected in aircraft from the southeast asian countries varied from 7.1% to 32.2%. live insects were found in 5 (6.1%) of 82 aircraft disinsectized by the "block away" method. the species of mosquitoes brought in were: culex quinquefasciatus (96), culex tritaeniorhynchus (1), aedes albopictus (2) and aedes aegypti (1). none of ...	1985	2862709
arboviruses and lemurs in madagascar: experimental infection of lemur fulvus with yellow fever and west nile viruses.	in previous serological surveys of lemurs in madagascar, antibodies against flaviviruses were frequently detected. to examine the epidemiological role of lemur fulvus, experimental infections with yellow fever (yf) virus and west nile (wn) virus were performed. yf and wn infections were clinically unapparent. a 3 to 4-day-long viremia, with moderate levels was observed with yf virus. wn virus, especially the strain isolated in madagascar, provoked a 4 to 6-day-long viremia sufficient to infect a ...	1985	2862804
experimental study of the reproduction of karshi virus (togaviridae, flavivirus) in some species of mosquitoes and ticks.	the strain kaz-816 of karshi virus was isolated in 1976 from h. asiaticum ticks collected in the north of central asia (alma-ata region of the kazakh soviet socialist republic). both ticks and mosquitoes can be vectors of karshi virus as proved experimentally by reproduction of the virus in hyalomma asiaticum and dermacentor daghestanicus ticks and culex pipiens molestus, anopheles atroparvus an aedes aegypti mosquitoes as well as by transmission to newborn mice by the bite of infected mosquitoe ...	1985	2864824
variable infectivity of third-stage larvae of brugia malayi.	infectivity of third-stage larvae of brugia malayi was assessed following intraperitoneal inoculation into jirds, meriones unguiculatus. larvae were of two ages and were derived from two sites in aedes aegypti mosquitoes, i.e., specimens collected from the thorax 11 days after infection and from the head on day 14. larvae from the thorax had just completed the second moult and measured 990 to 1100 micron in length. only 6% of these specimens developed to adult worms in jirds. larvae that migrate ...	1985	2866213
variations of four aedes aegypti mosquito strains in their susceptibility to and transmissibility of tahyna virus.	aedes aegypti mosquitoes originating from different colonies were infected with tahyna virus by sucking on viraemic newborn mice (peak titre 10(2) x 5 mouse i.c. ld50/0.01 ml). the mosquitoes of laboratory strain "london" proved most susceptible (infection rate 74.2%, transmission rate 60%), while mosquitoes of the laboratory strain "basel" and strain "bangkok" (southeast asia) were less susceptible (infection rate 23.7 and 17.6%, respectively, transmission rate 6.0 and 10.0%, respectively). mos ...	1985	2866696
[abundance of larvae of urban mosquitoes during the campaign of the eradication of aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) and of dengue in cuba (1981-82)].		1985	2870540
tests of ultrasonic emissions on mosquito attraction to hosts in a flight chamber.	five ultrasonic devices generating fundamental frequencies of 20-70 khz were tested for their efficacy in repelling mosquitoes. four species (anopheles quadrimaculatus, aedes aegypti, ae. triseriatus and haemagogus equinus), were used in a flight chamber in which females must fly upwind against the direction of the sound waves and around the ultrasonic devices to reach a trap downwind of a source of human breath and skin emanations. repellency was rated by the number of mosquitoes entering the t ...	1985	2906666
molecular cloning of the delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis.	a transformant of bacillus megaterium, vb131, was isolated which carries a 6.3-kb xbai segment of the crystal toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) cloned in a vector plasmid pbc16 to yield pvb131. the chimeric plasmid dna from vb131 was introduced into a transformable bacillus subtilis strain by competence transformation. both the b. megaterium vb131 strain and the b. subtilis strain harboring the chimeric plasmid produced irregular, parasporal, phase-refractile, crystalli ...	1985	2987085
baculovirus-mediated expression of bacterial genes in dipteran and mammalian cells.	a recombinant baculovirus containing the escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene under the control of the rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter and the e. coli beta-galactosidase gene under the control of the very late baculoviral polyhedrin promoter was used to determine if autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, a baculovirus of lepidoptera, can enter and express viral dna in dipteran (drosophila sp.) and mammalian (mus sp.) cells that are considered ...	1985	2993646
micro-lipid-droplet encapsulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis delta-endotoxin for control of mosquito larvae.	the crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is less toxic to larvae of anopheles freeborni than to larvae of aedes aegypti. however, when solubilized crystal was used, larvae from both species showed similar sensitivities. this effect presumably was due to the differences in feeding behavior between the two mosquito larvae when crystal preparations are used. a procedure is described whereby both crystal and solubilized b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin were e ...	1985	3002272
dibutyryl-camp increases basolateral sodium conductance of mosquito malpighian tubules.	dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (camp) stimulates fluid secretion in isolated malpighian tubules of the mosquito aedes aegypti. in the present study the effects of camp on the basolateral membrane were studied with conventional microelectrodes. membrane conductances were evaluated from the changes of the basolateral membrane potential (vbl) consequent to ion changes in the bath. under control conditions, vbl measured -65.2 +/- 1.5 mv [83 impalements, 67 tubules]. a fivefold decreas ...	1985	2579589
evaluation of slow-release formulations of temephos (abate) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis for the control of aedes aegypti in puerto rico.	formulations of temephos (abate) and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) on corncob and dried coconut husk carriers were tested for slow-release insecticide properties against aedes aegypti larvae in puerto rico. granular formulations of 5% and 10% temephos gave continuous larval control in used automobile tires for 27 to 124 days and 34 to 162 days, respectively. temephos on radial sections of corncob and coconut husk chips gave good larval control in tires for 27 to 63 and 61 to 1 ...	1985	2466106
efficacy of three insect growth regulators on the development of aedes aegypti.		1985	3880238
wind tunnel evaluation of commonly used adulticides against new orleans aedes aegypti.		1985	3880235
effects of cyromazin and methoprene on the developmental stages of anopheles dirus, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera : culicidae).	the effects of two chemical compounds, cyromazin and methoprene, on the developmental stages of anopheles dirus, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus were investigated under laboratory conditions, with the mean temperature of 24 degrees +/- 1 degree c and the relative humidity at 65-75%. both compounds were tested against the second, third and fourth instar larvae. the concentrations of cyromazin used for an. dirus and cx. quinquefasciatus ranged from 0.0008 to 0.5 mg/l; and for ae. aegypti ...	1985	2866585
effect of weekly releases of toxorhynchites amboinensis (doleschall) on aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) in new orleans, louisiana.		1985	2861216
response of domestic and peridomestic strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in new orleans, louisiana, usa, to organophosphate, organochlorine, and pyrethroid insecticides.		1985	4009625
dominant lethal effects of thiotepa in male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1985	3925149
hormone-mediated formation of the endocytic complex in mosquito oocytes.	the developmental events leading to oocyte competence to internalize proteins, and the hormonal control of these events in the mosquito aedes aegypti have been studied. the oocytes of newly eclosed females have an undifferentiated cortex. during previtellogenic development, a highly specialized endocytic complex, consisting of numerous coated vesicles and uncoated endosomes, microvilli, and, presumably, vitellogenin receptors, forms in the oocyte cortex. morphometric analysis and probes with a p ...	1985	3988025
mathematical models of the effectiveness and persistence of mosquito repellents.	two models of the effectiveness and persistence of mosquito repellents on the skin were developed from published functions and data. the probit plane model, y = a + b1x1 + b2x2, relates the response (y, in probits) of the mosquito test population to the log dose (x1) of repellent applied and the test period, or elapsed time from the time of application (x2). the exponential decay model, z = x1 + (b2/b1)x2, estimates the repellent residue (log-1 z) from x1 and x2. the models were validated with o ...	1985	2906657
use of an artificial bromeliad to show the importance of color value in restricting colonization of bromeliads by aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus.	an artificial bromeliad was developed which, painted and containing an infusion water, elicited ovipositional response by caged adult aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, wyeomyia vanduzeei and wy. mitchellii. comparison was made of the ovipositional response of adults of the four mosquito species to artificial bromeliads painted black, white, dark green and deep blue. adult ae, aegypti and wy. vanduzeei did not discriminate significantly between white, dark green and deep blue, but whereas ae ...	1985	2906654
effect of selection for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) resistance on the uptake and breakdown of ddt in aedes aegypti l.	aedes aegypti larvae and adults were selected to high levels of resistance with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) along separate lines. the larval-selected line showed three responses associated with larval resistance: increased detoxication of ddt by dehydrochlorination to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane dde (demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro), increased tolerance to unmetabolised ("residual") ddt and, a reduction in uptake of ddt. larval selection caused very little change in adult res ...	1985	3986671
reduced productivity in tretamine-treated adult populations of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1985	3981551
ultrastructure of midgut endocrine cells in the adult mosquito, aedes aegypti.	the ultrastructure of endocrine cells in the midgut of the adult mosquito, aedes aegypti, resembled that of endocrine cells in the vertebrate gastro-intestinal tract. midgut endocrine cells, positioned basally in the epithelium as single cells, were cone-shaped and smaller than the columnar digestive cells. the most distinctive characteristic of endocrine cells was numerous round secretory granules along the lateral and basal plasma membranes where contents of the granules were released by exocy ...	1985	4060146
transition from somatic to meiotic pairing and progressional changes of the synaptonemal complex in spermatocytes of aedes aegypti.	aedes aegypti spermatocytes were reconstructed from electron micrographs. the species has tight somatic pairing of the chromosomes, and there are therefore no classical leptotene and zygotene stages, but rather a gradual transition from somatic pairing to meiotic pairing (= pachytene). the term "prepachytene" has been used for the transitory stage. the first visible sign of impending meiosis was a reorganization of the chromatin, which resulted in the formation of spaces (synaptic spaces) in the ...	1985	4042770
[biology and behavior of aedes aegypti].		1985	3843130
comparison of three fenitrothion controlled-release formulations as larvicides for aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae).		1985	4078135
the duration of larval life of aedes aegypti as affected by time of hatch.	when aedes aegypti eggs (1-10 wk old) were submerged in water, larvae that hatched in the 24 hr period following exposure to reduced oxygen developed significantly faster than larvae from the initial hatch. there were significant differences in the sex ratios between first- and second-hatch groups; however, adult size and fecundity did not differ significantly.	1985	3880263
location of esterase loci in aedes aegypti.	linkage relations of two loci, est-4 and est-6, have been studied in aedes aegypti. est-4 is on chromosome i, the sex chromosome, about 33 units from the sex region on the opposite side from red eye (re). this location is demonstrated for the first time. data for est-6 agree with results of other workers.	1985	3880258
egg maturation and ecdysiotropic activity in extracts of mosquito (aedes aegypti) heads.	blood-fed, decapitated female aedes aegypti mosquitoes matured eggs when injected with an extract of heads, but non-blood-fed females did not. the response to head extract was optimal when the head was allowed to remain for 2 hr after feeding. a dose response to injected egg development neurosecretory hormone (ednh) was observed in vivo that was similar to in vitro dose responses previously reported. blood-fed decapitated females responded equally well to boiled or unboiled head extract. when bl ...	1985	4065529
the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (l) larvae to a pathogenic non sexual saprolegnia sp.		1985	3833712
preliminary isolation of mosquito natriuretic factor.	a natriuretic factor that triggers diuresis in isolated malpighian tubules of the mosquito was isolated from the head of the yellow-fever mosquito aedes aegypti by passing a saline extract of mosquito heads through low-pressure and then high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc) columns. three fractions with biologic activity eluted during a reverse-phase hplc linear acetonitrile gradient run. fraction i depolarized the transepithelial voltage (vt) of isolated perfused malpighian tubules but did ...	1985	2413779
high-resolution gradient polyacrylamide electrophoresis of isozymes of the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	a procedure for high resolution electrophoresis of isozymes of the mosquito aedes aegypti using nonlinear (2.5%-20%) polyacrylamide gradient gel slabs is described. crude mosquito homogenates were electrophoresed on gradient and on homogeneous (7%) polyacrylamide gels and stained for esterase (est), isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) and malate dehydrogenase (mdh). the resulting zymograms were compared to demonstrate the high resolving power of the polyacrylamide gradient gel system.	1985	3880252
ethyl-methanesulfonate-induced changes in filarial susceptibility in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1985	4045933
specificity of bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri insecticidal delta-endotoxin is determined by differential proteolytic processing of the protoxin by larval gut proteases.	the native crystal delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis var. colmeri, serotype 21, is toxic to both lepidopteran (pieris brassicae) and dipteran (aedes aegypti) larvae. solubilization of the crystal delta-endotoxin in alkaline reducing conditions and activation with trypsin and gut extracts from susceptible insects yielded a preparation whose toxicity could be assayed in vitro against a range of insect cell lines. after activation with aedes aegypti gut extract the preparation was ...	1986	3009187
susceptibility of indonesia colonies of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes to experimental infection with chikungunya virus.		1986	3023740
bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin. cloning and expression of the toxin in sporogenic and asporogenic strains of bacillus subtilis.	a plasmid-borne gene from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis encoding a 27,340 mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin has been cloned on a bifunctional multicopy plasmid in a wild-type sporogenic strain and two asporogenic mutants of bacillus subtilis. the delta-endotoxin gene is expressed at a low level during vegetative growth in all three strains, but the synthesis of the toxin increases markedly during the third hour of stationary phase for both the sporogenic strain and an asporogenic mutant ...	1986	3025453
structurally related bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins display major differences in insecticidal activity in vivo and in vitro.	many strains within the 22 serotypes of bacillus thuringiensis produce crystal delta-endotoxins with slight differences in their insecticidal toxicity spectrum in vivo. since the basis of this specificity is unknown, we chose to compare the activity of delta-endotoxins from three strains: b. thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1, var. aizawai hd-249 and var. thuringiensis hd-350, both in vivo and on insect cell lines in vitro. immunoblotting with antisera to activated var. kurstaki p1 lepidopteran to ...	1986	3027111
[biochemical manifestations of the poisoning of larvae of aedes aegypti (insecta, diptera) by the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. i. hemolymph carbohydrates].	the glycemia of 4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera culicidae) was determined over a 30 min to 36 hrs period following their immersion in water containing 0.00-0.01-0.02-0.1-1.0 mg per liter of a 12,000 i. u. per mg preparation of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. seven major carbohydrate fractions were separated in the haemolymph, among which glycogen, trehalose and glucose were identified; the most concentrated of the 4 remaining unknown fractions, exhibits a s ...	1986	3030517
characterization of the genes encoding the haemolytic toxin and the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.	the crystalline parasporal inclusions (crystals) of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), which are specifically toxic to mosquito and black fly larvae, contain three main polypeptides of 28 kda, 68 kda and 130 kda. the genes encoding the 28 kda protein and the 130 kda protein have been cloned from a large plasmid of bti. escherichia-coli recombinant clones containing the 130 kda protein gene were highly active against larvae of aedes aegypti and culex pipiens, while b. subtilis recombinant ...	1986	3031426
effect of nosema algerae vavra and undeen spores infection on longevity and fecundity of larval instars of aedes aegypti l. and culex fatigans weid.		1986	3108151
growth of three mosquitoes on two larval diets measured by protein accumulation.	larval growth recorded as accumulation of protein was measured in aedes aegypti, culex nigripalpus and culex quinquefasciatus, raised on liver powder or dry brewer's yeast. in the early stages all 3 species grew faster on liver powder, but at pupation there was no significant difference in protein content between diets and among species. aedes aegypti pupated one day ahead of culex.	1986	2906975
comparative studies of metarhizium anisopliae and tolypocladium cylindrosporum as pathogens of mosquito larvae.	mosquito fungal pathogens, metarhizium anisopliae and tolypocladium cylindrosporum, were compared with regard to virulence against the larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens. culex pipiens larvae were much more susceptible to m. anisopliae conidia than an. stephensi or ae. aegypti. but ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens larvae were equally susceptible to t. cylindrosporum propagules which weakly attack an. stephensi. using a high concentration conidial suspension (10(7) sp/ml) o ...	1986	2906985
transovarial transmission of tahyna virus by aedes aegypti mosquitoes (strain bangkok)		1986	2873736
[effect of delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on biochemical functional relationships in diptera aedes aegypti].	a study of the action of very low doses of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israëlensis on the larvae of aedes aegypti (diptera) gave evidence for peculiar properties of the dose/effect relations based on the variations of the regression slopes of functional relationships between the pairs cysteine/serine and fatty acids/histidine, by contrast with the pair fatty acids/glucose which exhibited a classical shaped relation. this indicates "crypto-toxicological" processes, not lethal by ...	1986	2876759
[dengue vector density survey in liuchiu, pintung, taiwan].	the first outbreak of dengue in taiwan in 35 years was recorded in the summer of 1981 in liuchiu, pintung, a small offshore island of southern taiwan. an investigation team visited the affected area during the period of 14-17 october 1981 and collected 8,641 mosquito larvae, of which 4,432 were aedes aegypti and 4,182 were ae. albopictus. the house index, container index and breteau index were 44.2, 23.9 and 73.0 for ae. aegypti and 41.3, 17.0 and 51.9 for ae. albopictus, respectively. both spec ...	1986	2880696
microfilarial perforation of the midgut of a mosquito.	to determine whether the midgut envelope of mosquitoes is disrupted by the passage of microfilariae, ultrastructural changes induced by microfilariae of brugia malayi were observed in midguts of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. basal and apical plasma membranes were destroyed, disrupting the full depth of the midgut wall. ingested ferritin lay against the gut wall, suggesting absence of the peritrophic membrane during penetration. exsheathment of microfilariae appears to be enhanced by movement against ...	1986	3806321
hemocyte cell surface changes in aedes aegypti in response to microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis.	this study involved the assessment of surface changes on hemocytes of aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain in association with the melanization response against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff). surface changes on hemocytes were identified using fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (wga). in mosquitoes eliciting a melanization response against inoculated mff, there was a 5-fold increase in the percentages of hemocytes exhibiting wga binding compared ...	1986	3819964
isolation of a relatively nontoxic 65-kilodalton protein inclusion from the parasporal body of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.	ultrastructural studies of the mosquitocidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis revealed that the parasporal body contained three major inclusion types, designated types 1, 2, and 3, which could be differentiated on the basis of electron opacity and size and, to some extent, shape. the type-2 inclusion, which was of moderate electron density and often appeared as a bar-shaped polyhedral body, was isolated on nabr gradients from purified parasporal bodies and characterized by sod ...	1986	3944061
increased biting rate and reduced fertility in sporozoite-infected mosquitoes.	because salivary function and blood location are impaired in sporozoite-infected mosquitoes, we determined whether such pathology also could lead to an increased biting rate. for 5 days, we compared relative daily biting rates of plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoite-infected mosquitoes (aedes aegypti) and noninfected mosquitoes with an olfactometer. mosquitoes then were exposed for 5 min to an anesthetized guinea pig. infected mosquitoes exhibited a significant increase in olfactometer response whi ...	1986	3953943
the problem of aedes aegypti in brazil.		1986	3685524
multiplication of chikungunya virus in salivary glands of aedes albopictus (oahu strain) mosquitoes: an electron microscopic study.	aedes albopictus as well as aedes aegypti is an important vector of chikungunya and dengue viruses. electron microscopic observations on the salivary glands of ae. albopictus infected with chikungunya virus were performed in comparing with those of ae. aegypti infected with dengue virus. no virus budding from the cell surface of the chikungunya-infected mosquito's salivary glands was found as shown in dengue-infected ones, in contrast to the findings of the mammalian cells such as vero, kb, imr, ...	1986	3599528
natural transmission of dirofilaria immitis by aedes aegypti.	the liverpool strain of the mosquito aedes aegypti was infected with microfilariae of the canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, and was used to transmit heartworm larvae to three dogs. methods of confirming heartworm infection in these dogs included the modified knott's test, a commercial enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (elisa), an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test, and post-mortem examination.	1986	3507470
evaluation of the cdc gravid trap for the surveillance of st. louis encephalitis vectors in memphis, tennessee.	collections with cdc gravid mosquito traps on 954 trap-nights from may through september 1983 are compared to 2,608 concurrent resting site collections made in the same area of memphis, tennessee. gravid traps yielded 88 times more culex per collection and 96 times more culex per man hour. the total gravid trap catch was 135,724 mosquitoes, 99% of which were either culex pipiens or cx. restuans, whereas these species comprised only 63% of the 6,613 mosquitoes collected from resting sites. gravid ...	1986	3507491
effects of sublethal exposure to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on larval development and adult size in aedes aegypti.	the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype h-14) on second instar aedes aegypti larvae were investigated. a test system was developed in which adverse effects would be detected as increased duration of larval development and decreased adult body size. no evidence of negative effects on survivors could be detected when sufficient b.t.i. dosages were applied to kill approximately half of the larvae in the treatment groups. however, when ...	1986	3507506
the perspective of aedes albopictus from the administrative viewpoint.	mosquito control administrators should consider a newly introduced species in view of local conditions. aedes albopictus was discovered in harris county while surveying for aedes aegypti. recognizing a potential threat to public health, local and state officials were notified of the discovery. questions posed by the introduction of a foreign species requires a cooperative application of research resources. the centers for disease control (cdc) should serve as the coordinator of this effort.	1986	3507521
toxicity in carcasses of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis-killed aedes aegypti larvae against scavenging larvae: implications to bioassay.		1986	3507532
complement effects on the infectivity of plasmodium gallinaceum to aedes aegypti mosquitoes. i. resistance of zygotes to the alternative pathway of complement.	gametocytes are the intraerythrocytic stages of malaria parasites that infect mosquitoes. when gametocytes of the chicken malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum are ingested by a mosquito they become extracellular in the mosquito midgut, form gametes, and fertilize within 10 to 15 min after the insect has taken a blood meal. gametocytes of p. gallinaceum were infectious when fed to aedes aegypti mosquitoes in blood meals containing native serum from chickens or from the non-host species, man or ...	1986	3517168
bacteriolytic factor in the salivary glands of aedes aegypti.	salivary gland homogenates from adult aedes aegypti lyse micrococcus lysodeikticus cells. the bacteriolytic factor is present in a cell type common to both male and female mosquitoes, as well as in the crop of sugar-feeding mosquitoes. the bacteriolytic factor releases digestion products from sacculi of escherichia coli that are different from those of hen egg white lysozyme.	1986	3519067
aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the americas: a review of their interactions with the human population.	this paper describes the significant changes in the relationship between aedes aegypti mosquitoes and the human population in the americas from the 1800s to present. first, the history of the arrival of the mosquito, the consequent epidemics of yellow fever and dengue, and the eventual implication of the mosquito as vector is described. second, the pan american health organization's aedes aegypti eradication program is discussed and the potential threat to the americas of development of the deng ...	1986	3532349
selection for resistance to bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis in field and laboratory populations of the mosquito aedes aegypti.		1986	3701104
the migration of infective larvae of brugia pahangi within the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	the course of the migration of infective larvae of brugia pahangi within the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is described. the presence of blood or eggs in the abdomens of mosquitoes at a time when the infective larvae are beginning their migration out of the thorax leads to a significant increase in the proportion of larvae accumulating in the abdomen. the evidence supports the hypothesis that infective larvae may accumulate in the labium as a direct consequence of the insect's internal anatomy i.e. i ...	1986	3714302
defense reactions of mosquitoes to filarial worms: effect of host age on the immune response to dirofilaria immitis microfilariae.	the melanization response of aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain (lvp) and aedes trivittatus against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed in mosquitoes less than 1, 14, 21, and 28 days after adult ecdysis. there was a significant decrease in the melanization response of a. aegypti 14 days of age and older at 1, 3, and 5 days postinoculation (pi) compared to less than 1-day-old mosquitoes. the response also was reduced significantly in 14- to 28- ...	1986	3734989
parasite-induced suppression of the immune response in aedes aegypti by brugia pahangi.	the melanization response against intrathoracically inoculated brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) isolated from vertebrate host blood was evaluated in both uninfected aedes aegypti black-eyed liverpool strain and in mosquitoes harboring a developing b. pahangi infection. the immune response against inoculated mff of either species was significantly reduced by 28-47% in infected as compared with uninfected mosquitoes. attempts to passively transfer this suppression factor( ...	1986	3734990
hemocyte-mediated melanization of microfilariae in aedes aegypti.	the melanization response of adult female aedes aegypti (black-eyed liverpool strain) against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed with transmission electron microscopy. the initial reaction involved the lysis of hemocytes at or near the surface of the parasite prior to the deposition of pigment. subsequently, melanin formation was noted in the area of lysed cells and appeared to cascade onto the parasite surface. observations suggest that melanin may ...	1986	3734991
influence of developing brugia pahangi on spontaneous flight activity of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).		1986	3735352
fmrfamide- and pancreatic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity of endocrine cells in the midgut of a mosquito.	immunocytochemical surveys of midguts from female mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, reveal that half of the estimated 500 endocrine cells in a midgut contain a substance recognized by antisera to bovine pancreatic polypeptide and a molluscan peptide, fmrfamide (phenylalanine-methionine-arginine-phenylalanine-amide). with light microscopy the cells resemble an endocrine type because of their basal position in the epithelium, conical shape, and, in some instances, apical extensions to the lumen. at the u ...	1986	3738889
trichostrongylus colubriformis: isolation and characterization of ovicidal activity from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.	bioassay of media fractions from cultivation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis revealed that ovicidal activity for eggs of the ruminant nematode trichostrongylus colubriformis was found in microbial crystals, but was not released into culture medium. the purified delta-endotoxin of b. t. israelensis, composed of two 25 kda proteins, had no effect on nematode eggs. a fraction that had high ovicidal activity for eggs of t. colubriformis was isolated by high performance liquid chromatography fr ...	1986	3743716
the ability of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to survive and transmit infective larvae of brugia pahangi over successive blood meals.	the mortality of aedes aegypti mosquitoes increased; immediately following a blood meal containing microfilariae of brugia pahangi, when infective larvae began to migrate out of the flight muscles and when infective larvae were lost from the mosquitoes during a blood meal. when infective mosquitoes took a second blood meal 86.2% of the infective larvae escaped from their bodies. however, only 50.3% escaped when mosquitoes fed through a thin layer of cotton. infective larvae in the abdomen of the ...	1986	3745870
etiologic and serologic investigations of the 1980 epidemic of dengue fever on hainan island, china.	virologic and seroepidemiologic studies were carried out during an epidemic of dengue fever on hainan island in 1980. dengue 3 virus was isolated from 46 of 77 acute phase sera and from 1 of 10 pools of adult aedes aegypti. dengue 1 virus virus was isolated from a single acute phase serum. seroepidemiologic investigations showed that 74% of healthy individuals in the epidemic area had antibody to dengue virus compared to 54% in an area where epidemic dengue had occurred in 1978, and less than or ...	1986	3766851
comparative studies on the melanization response of male and female mosquitoes against microfilariae.	the melanization response of adult male and female aedes trivittatus and the black-eyed liverpool strain of aedes aegypti against intrathoracically inoculated dirofilaria immitis microfilariae (mff) was assessed at 1, 3, and 5 days postinoculation (pi). the melanization reaction of males is significantly less effective than the response elicited by female mosquitoes. no mff in male a. aegypti and only 17% of mff recovered from a. trivittatus were fully melanized by day 5 pi compared with 80% and ...	1986	3770266
analysis of mosquito larvicidal potential exhibited by vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis.	vegetative bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells (6 x 10(5)/ml) achieved 100% mortality of aedes aegypti larvae within 24 h. this larvicidal potential was localized within the cells; the cell-free supernatants did not kill mosquito larvae. however, they did contain a heat-labile hemolysin which was immunologically distinct from the general cytolytic (hemolytic) factor released during solubilization of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals. the larvicidal potential of the vegetat ...	1986	3777922
ultrastructure of malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti infected with dirofilaria immitis.		1986	3782853
the effect of repeated blood meals on the larval development of dirofilaria corynodes in the fat body of aedes aegypti.	the objective of the study was to determine whether blood meals taken by a vector subsequent to the infective one have any influence on the course of development of a filarial parasite in its tissue. the filaria dirofilaria corynodes (von linstow, 1899) was selected for study and the black-eye strain of aedes aegypti served as the experimental vector. the microfilaria of d. corynodes develops to the infective stage in the fat bodies of the vector. following an infective blood meal, mosquitoes we ...	1986	3787121
dispersal and other population parameters of aedes aegypti in an african village and their possible significance in epidemiology of vector-borne diseases.	dispersal of aedes aegypti aegypti adults within shauri moyo, an african village in the rabai area north of mombasa, kenya, was studied using the mark-release-recapture method. a total of 920 mosquitoes were captured and uniquely marked, of which 828 (90%) were released and 332 (40%) recaptured. a great majority of mosquitoes were recaptured once, but some individuals were recaptured up to 10 times. most females visited 1 or 2 houses (40.8%, 44.9%, respectively), but there were females that visi ...	1986	3789275
passage of yellow fever virus: its effect on infection and transmission rates in aedes aegypti.	the effect of successive lytic passage of yellow fever virus on mosquito infection and transmission rates in the vector, aedes aegypti, was determined. three strains of yellow fever virus from trinidad and peru were passaged five times in suckling mouse brains and seven times in bhk-21 cells. mosquitoes were fed meals containing passaged and unpassaged viruses and infection and transmission rates were compared. rates were similar for all but one of the three virus strains grown in both substrate ...	1986	3789277
differences between the nutritional reserves of laboratory-maintained and field-collected adult mosquitoes.	individual female mosquitoes from field populations of aedes aegypti, culex nigripalpus and coquillettidia perturbans were analyzed for sugar, glycogen and lipids. controls were maintained in the laboratory for 7 to 10 days on 2% and either 10 or 20% sucrose. mosquitoes held in the laboratory had significantly more glycogen and lipid than field-collected mosquitoes of the same species. laboratory mosquitoes maintained on 10 or 20% sucrose contained more sugar than did field mosquitoes. mosquitoe ...	1986	2906967