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the ion channel ppk301 controls freshwater egg-laying in the mosquito aedes aegypti.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes are deadly vectors of arboviral pathogens and breed in containers of freshwater associated with human habitation. because high salinity is lethal to offspring, correctly evaluating water purity is a crucial parenting decision. we found that the deg/enac channel ppk301 and sensory neurons expressing ppk301 control egg-laying initiation and choice in ae. aegypti. using calcium imaging, we found that ppk301-expressing cells show ppk301-dependent responses to water bu ...201931112133
juvenile hormone signaling in insect oogenesis.juvenile hormone (jh) plays a crucial role in insect reproduction, but its molecular mode of action only became clear within the last decade. we here review recent findings revealing the intricate crosstalk between jh and ecdysone signaling with nutrient sensing pathways in drosophila melanogaster, aedes aegypti, tribolium castaneum and locusta migratoria. the finding for a critical role of ecdysis triggering hormone (eth) in both molting and ooogenesis now also highlights the importance of an i ...201931109672
transmission potential of african, asian and american zika virus strains by aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus from guadeloupe (french west indies).zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus that has dramatically spread in south america and the caribbean regions since 2015. the majority of vector incrimination studies available for zikv showed that aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors for this virus. however, several reports suggest that culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes may be implicated in zikv transmission in certain urban settings. in the present study, we evaluated the vector competence for zikv of cx. quinquefasciatus and ae. aegypti ...201931109248
pathogen blocking in wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti is not affected by zika and dengue virus co-infection.wolbachia's ability to restrict arbovirus transmission makes it a promising tool to combat mosquito-transmitted diseases. wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti are currently being released in locations such as brazil, which regularly experience concurrent outbreaks of different arboviruses. a. aegypti can become co-infected with, and transmit multiple arboviruses with one bite, which can complicate patient diagnosis and treatment.201931107912
tire shops in miami-dade county, florida are important producers of vector mosquitoes.human mobility in urban environments is a central part of urbanization and has determined the layout of how cities are projected, built and renovated. one of the most problematic issues of urbanization is how to properly dispose of used tires, considering the worldwide annual production of approximately 1.4 billion units every year. despite the efforts to properly dispose of used tires, they still represent a major problem for public health, notably serving as potential breeding sites for vector ...201931107881
characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide with a target site conserved in the synaptotagmin gene of multiple disease vector mosquitoes.new mosquito control strategies are vitally needed to address established and emerging arthropod-borne infectious diseases. here we describe the characterization of a yeast interfering rna larvicide that was developed through the genetic engineering of saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) to express a short hairpin rna targeting the aedes aegypti synaptotagmin (aae syt) gene. the larvicide effectively silences the aae syt gene, causes defects at the larval neural synapse, and induces high ra ...201931107878
neurological manifestations of pediatric arboviral infections in the americas.dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses are arboviruses transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti. these viruses exhibit marked neurotropism but have rarely been studied. here, we conduct an integrative review of the neurological manifestations caused by these arboviruses in the pediatric population. data on patients under 18 years of age were extracted from literature databases. the most frequently reported neurological manifestations were encephalitis, meningitis, seizures, hypotoni ...201931103802
induction of rna interference to block zika virus replication and transmission in the mosquito aedes aegypti.the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, serves as the primary vector for epidemic transmission of yellow fever, dengue, zika (zikv), and chikungunya viruses to humans. control of ae. aegypti is currently limited to insecticide applications and larval habitat management; however, to combat growing challenges with insecticide resistance, novel genetic approaches for vector population reduction or transmission interruption are being aggressively pursued. the objectives of this study were to asses ...201931103782
plant essential oils synergize various pyrethroid insecticides and antagonize malathion in aedes aegypti.pyrethroid resistance is a significant threat to agricultural, urban and public health pest control activities. because economic incentives for the production of novel active ingredients for the control of public health pests are lacking, this field is particularly affected by the potential failure of pyrethroid-based insecticides brought about by increasing pyrethroid resistance. as a result, innovative approaches are desperately needed to overcome insecticide resistance, particularly in mosqui ...201931102301
prevalence and distribution of dengue virus in aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city before deployment of wolbachia infected aedes aegypti.indonesia is one of the countries where dengue infection is prevalent. in this study we measure the prevalence and distribution of dengue virus (denv) denv-infected aedes aegypti in yogyakarta city, indonesia, during the wet season when high dengue transmission period occurred, as baseline data before implementation of a wolbachia-infected aedes aegypti trial for dengue control. we applied one-step multiplex real time pcr (rt-pcr) for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in field-caught ...201931100967
aedes aegypti saliva impairs m1-associated proinflammatory phenotype without promoting or affecting m2 polarization of murine macrophages.during the feeding process, the mouthparts of hematophagous mosquitoes break the skin barrier and probe the host tissue to find the blood. the saliva inoculated in this microenvironment modulates host hemostasis, inflammation and adaptive immune responses. however, the mechanisms involved in these biological activities remain poorly understood and few studies explored the potential roles of mosquito saliva on the individual cellular components of the immune system. here, we report the immunomodu ...201931097013
enzymatic and molecular characterization of insecticide resistance mechanisms in field populations of aedes aegypti from selangor, malaysia.dengue is a serious public health problem worldwide, including in selangor, malaysia. being an important vector of dengue virus, aedes aegypti are subjected to control measures which rely heavily on the usage of insecticides. evidently, insecticide resistance in ae. aegypti, which arise from several different point mutations within the voltage-gated sodium channel genes, has been documented in many countries. thus, this robust study was conducted in all nine districts of selangor to understand t ...201931097010
re-emergence of chikungunya in the republic of the congo in 2019 associated with a possible vector-host switch.in january 2019, an outbreak of chikungunya virus fever was reported in a rural region near pointe-noire, republic of the congo. molecular and phylogenetic analysis of this new chikv strain demonstrated the presence of the a226v substitution and a surprisingly close relation with aedes aegypti-associated central africa chikungunya strains. these results, combined with the preponderance of aedes albopictus in the outbreak area, suggest a recent vector-host switch facilitated by the emergence and ...201931096054
fractional-dose yellow fever vaccination: how much more can we do with less?climate change, deforestation, urbanization, and increased population mobility have made the risk of large outbreaks of yellow fever more likely than ever. yellow fever vaccine production barely meets demands. in this review, we address the causes of the recent yellow fever outbreaks, why fractional dose yellow fever vaccination works, the role of virus neutralizing antibodies in the protection against yellow fever, and the need for revaccination.201931335440
using citizen science to enhance surveillance of aedes aegypti in arizona, 2015-17.vector surveillance is an essential component of vector-borne disease prevention, but many communities lack resources to support extensive surveillance. the great arizona mosquito hunt (gamh) was a collaborative citizen science project conducted during 2015-17 to enhance surveillance for aedes aegypti in arizona. citizen science projects engage the public in scientific research in order to further scientific knowledge while improving community understanding of a specific field of science and the ...201931334498
a novel densovirus isolated from the asian tiger mosquito displays varied pathogenicity depending on its host species.mosquito-borne viral diseases (mbvds) continue to pose a significant global public health burden. mosquito control remains a core intervention strategy in integrated mosquito management (imm) programs to reduce the transmission of mbvds. mosquito densoviruses (mdvs) are mosquito-specific entomopathogenic viruses, and their attractive biological and pathogenic characteristics make mdvs potential biological control agents as alternatives to traditional chemical pesticides. however, different viral ...201931333635
'swimming mosquitoes': a key stepping stone to prevent dengue, zika and chikungunya: an educative experience in colima, mexico.dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses (dzc), mainly transmitted by mosquito aedes aegypti, are global health public issues affecting 390 million people each year. in most endemic countries, vector control strategies have been focused on reducing breeding sites and adult mosquito populations. most health communication strategies have pointed out adult mosquito as the main responsible of the transmission, persuading people to eliminate domestic containers. however, it is not clear how should pe ...201931329869
susceptibility and alterations by diflubenzuron in larvae of aedes aegypti.benzoylphenyl ureas inhibit chitin synthesis and interfere with the molting process in arthropods. in this study, the effect of diflubenzuron on third-instar larvae of aedes aegypti was evaluated. the susceptibility to the product was determined, and the alterations generated were shown through light and electron microscopy. lc50 and lc90 were 0.23 and 0.47 ppm, respectively. the main alterations observed were the incapacity to complete the molt, a reduction of mobility, the fragmentation of the ...201931328823
visual-olfactory integration in the human disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti.mosquitoes rely on the integration of multiple sensory cues, including olfactory, visual, and thermal stimuli, to detect, identify, and locate their hosts [1-4]. although we increasingly know more about the role of chemosensory behaviors in mediating mosquito-host interactions [1], the role of visual cues is comparatively less studied [3], and how the combination of olfactory and visual information is integrated in the mosquito brain remains unknown. in the present study, we used a tethered-flig ...201931327719
mosquito host-seeking regulation: targets for behavioral control.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes require protein from blood to develop eggs. they have evolved a strong innate drive to find and bite humans and engorge on their blood. decades of research have revealed that attraction to hosts is suppressed for days after blood-feeding. during this time, females coordinate complex physiological changes, allowing them to utilize blood protein to develop eggs: clearing excess fluid, digesting protein, and egg maturation. how do mechanosensation, nutrient consumpti ...201931326312
too "sexy" for the field? paired measures of laboratory and semi-field performance highlight variability in the apparent mating fitness of aedes aegypti transgenic strains.evaluating and improving mating success and competitive ability of laboratory-reared transgenic mosquito strains will enhance the effectiveness of proposed disease-control strategies that involve deployment of transgenic strains. two components of the mosquito rearing process, larval diet quantity and aquatic environment - which are linked to physiological and behavioural differences in adults - are both relatively easy to manipulate. in mosquitoes, as for many other arthropod species, the quali ...201931324262
hydrophobic nanoprecipitates formed by benzoylphenylureas and β-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds: synthesis, characterization and toxicity against aedes aegypti larvae.the aim of this work was to synthesize and characterize the inclusion compounds formed by the complexation of β-cyclodextrin (βcd) with insecticides from the class of benzoylphenylureas (bpus), named novaluron (nov) and diflubenzuron (dif), beyond evaluate their larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. solid state characterization by ftir showed changes in the main peaks of bpus and βcd, suggesting the formation of inclusion compounds in solid phase. dta and tga thermal analysis showed ...201931321326
mosquito vectors of arboviruses in french polynesia.the circulation of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) throughout the pacific is no exception in french polynesia (fp). we review here the mosquito vectors involved or potentially involved in the transmission of arboviruses in fp. we highlight aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis; species that are widely distributed in fp and whose ability to transmit dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses is well known. in addition, we discuss the contribution of those species and the abundant culex annulirost ...201931316821
evaluation of inflammatory skin infiltrate following aedes aegypti bites in sensitized and non-sensitized mice reveals saliva-dependent and immune-dependent phenotypes.during probing and blood feeding, haematophagous mosquitoes inoculate a mixture of salivary molecules into their vertebrate hosts' skin. in addition to the anti-haemostatic and immunomodulatory activities, mosquito saliva also triggers acute inflammatory reactions, especially in sensitized hosts. here, we characterize the oedema and the cellular infiltrate following aedes aegypti mosquito bites in the skin of sensitized and non-sensitized balb/c mice by flow cytometry. ae. aegypti bites induced ...201931315156
agbr1 antibodies delay lethal aedes aegypti-borne west nile virus infection in mice.west nile virus (wnv) is transmitted by mosquitoes and can cause severe disease, including meningoencephalitis. agbr1 is a mosquito salivary protein that enhances aedes aegypti mosquito-borne zika virus pathogenesis in mice. here, we show that agbr1 antibodies reduce the initial west nile viral load and delay lethal infection after feeding by an infected aedes aegypti mosquito. targeting agbr1 may therefore be incorporated into strategies to prevent mosquito-transmitted west nile virus infection ...201931312526
natural vertical transmission of zika virus in larval aedes aegypti populations, morelos, mexico.we characterized natural vertical transmission of zika virus in pools of aedes aegypti larvae hatched from eggs collected in jojutla, morelos, mexico. of the 151 pools analyzed, 17 tested positive for zika virus rna; infectious zika virus was successfully isolated from 1 of the larvae pools (31n) in c6/36 cells. real-time quantitative pcr and indirect immunofluorescence assays confirmed the identity of the isolate, named zika virus isolate 31n; plaque assays in vero cells demonstrated the isolat ...201931310224
expression of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cyt2ba in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana increases its virulence towards aedes mosquitoes.the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana has been widely used to kill mosquito larvae and adults in the laboratory and field. however, its slow action of killing has hampered its widespread application. in our study, the b. bassiana fungus was genetically modified to express the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cyt2ba to improve its efficacy in killing mosquitoes.201931306427
ai- modelling of molecular identification and feminization of wolbachia infected aedes aegypti.the genetic control strategies of vector borne diseases includes the replacement of a vector population by "disease-refractory" mosquitoes and the release of mosquitoes with a gene to control the vector's reproduction rates. wolbachia are common intracellular bacteria that are found in arthropods and nematodes. wolbachia infected male mosquitos have been used in different experimental trials around the world to suppress the target population of aedes aegypti and this genetic control strategy has ...201931302148
eucalyptus camaldulensis properties for use in the eradication of infections.eucalyptus camaldulensis (e. camaldulensis), called the eucalyptus has so many characteristics such as antimicrobial features. common names include red gum, red chewing gum, river chewing gum, red chewing gum. its class is eucalyptus, which is comprised of 800 species worldwide, but three or four species are found in australia. this tree generally grows on the edge of rivers with continuous or seasonal water. most of the gray clay soils run along the riverside and are exposed to frequent floods, ...201931300120
tracking genetic invasions: genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms reveal the source of pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti (yellow fever mosquito) incursions at international ports.biological invasions are increasing globally in number and extent despite efforts to restrict their spread. knowledge of incursion pathways is necessary to prevent new invasions and to design effective biosecurity protocols at source and recipient locations. this study uses genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) to determine the origin of 115 incursive aedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito) detected at international ports in australia and new zealand. we also genotyped mosquitoes at th ...201931297145
location, seasonal and functional characteristics of water-holding containers with juvenile aedes albopictus in urban southern taiwan: a cross-sectional study.urban kaohsiung city (kc), in southern taiwan, has experienced annual dengue epidemics for decades despite considerable vector control efforts. substantial research has been undertaken to characterize aedes aegypti breeding habitats, but no systematic assessment has been completed for aedes albopictus present in kc.201931294804
development of the major arboviral vector aedes aegypti in urban drain-water and associated pyrethroid insecticide resistance is a potential global health challenge.aedes aegypti were found developing in the water in open public drains (drain-water, dw) in jaffna city in northern sri lanka, a location where the arboviral diseases dengue and chikungunya are endemic.201931287014
a mosquito workshop and community intervention: a pilot education campaign to identify risk factors associated with container mosquitoes in san pedro sula, honduras.dengue poses a significant public health threat and results in ~96 million clinical cases every year. central america is a region burdened by neglected tropical diseases, including dengue. the primary vectors of dengue, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, are widely distributed in honduras. additionally, sustained and consistent mosquito control is lacking in the country. successful control of container mosquitoes relies heavily on participation from community leaders, stakeholders, and the comm ...201931284544
intercepted mosquitoes at new zealand's ports of entry, 2001 to 2018: current status and future concerns.mosquito vectors are extending their range via international travel and trade. climate change makes new zealand an increasingly suitable environment for less tropically adapted exotic mosquito vectors to become established. this shift will add a multiplier effect to existing risks of both the establishment of new species and of resident exotic species extending into new areas. we describe trends in the border interceptions of exotic mosquitoes and evaluate the role of imported goods as a pathway ...201931284464
vertical transmission of zika virus (flaviviridae, flavivirus) in amazonian aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) delays egg hatching and larval development of progeny.zika virus (zikv) has emerged as a globally important arbovirus and has been reported from all states of brazil. the virus is primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infective aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) or aedes albopictus (skuse, 1895). however, it is important to know if zikv transmission also occurs from ae. aegypti through infected eggs to her offspring. therefore, a zikv and dengue virus (denv) free colony was established from eggs collected in manaus and maintained until ...201931278737
using genetic variation in aedes aegypti to identify candidate anti-dengue virus genes.transcriptomic profiling has generated extensive lists of genes that respond to viral infection in mosquitoes. these gene lists contain two types of genes; (1) those that are responsible for the insect's natural antiviral defense mechanisms, including some known innate immunity genes, and (2) genes whose change in expression may occur simply as a result of infection. as genetic modification tools for mosquitoes continue to improve, the opportunities to make refractory insects via allelic replace ...201931272403
spatial distribution of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses.areas at risk of transmission of arboviruses have been monitored using ovitraps. this study aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of aedes aegypti in vulnerable areas for the transmission of arboviruses and assess the influence of climatic conditions on the infestation of these culicids.201931271613
insecticide resistance status of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes in papua new guinea.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are important vectors of infectious diseases, especially those caused by arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya and zika. aedes aegypti is very well adapted to urban environments, whereas ae. albopictus inhabits more rural settings. pyrethroid resistance is widespread in these vectors, but limited data exist from the southwest pacific region, especially from melanesia. while aedes vector ecology is well documented in australia, where incursion of ae. albopictus ...201931269965
aedes vector surveillance in the southeastern united states reveals growing threat of aedes japonicus japonicus (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus.mosquito-borne diseases are on the rise globally, and have the potential to thrive along the gulf coast of the united states, where subtropical conditions may facilitate the introduction or movement of mosquito vectors. despite surveillance efforts, aedes aegypti (l.) had not been detected in the gulf state of alabama for nearly three decades. the detection of ae. aegypti in alabama may suggest remnant or reemergent populations of this vector. we conducted adult sampling between may and august o ...201931268136
a salivary protein of aedes aegypti promotes dengue-2 virus replication and transmission.although dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in humans, no effective medication or vaccine is presently available. previous studies suggested that mosquito salivary proteins influence infection by the dengue virus (denv) in the mammalian host. however, the effects of salivary proteins on denv replication within the aedes aegypti mosquito remain largely unknown. in this study, we investigated the effect of a specific salivary protein (named aasg34) on denv serotype 2 (denv2 ...201931265906
inhibition of juvenile hormone synthesis in mosquitoes by the methylation inhibitor 3-deazaneplanocin a (dznep).juvenile hormone (jh), synthesized by the corpora allata (ca), controls development and reproduction in mosquitoes through its action on thousands of jh-responsive genes. these jh-dependent processes can be studied using tools that increase or decrease jh titers in vitro and in vivo. juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (jhamt) is a critical jh biosynthetic enzyme. jhamt utilizes the methyl donor s-adenosyl-methionine (sam) to methylate farnesoic acid (fa) into methyl farnesoate (mf), releas ...201931265905
combinations of plant essential oil based terpene compounds as larvicidal and adulticidal agent against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).insecticidal plant-based compound(s)in combinations may show synergistic or antagonistic interactions against insect pest. considering the rapid spread of the aedes borne diseases and increasing resistance among aedes population against conventional insecticides, twenty-eight combinations of plant essential oil-based terpene compounds were prepared and tested against larval and adult stages ofaedes aegypti. initially five plant essential oils (eos) were assessed for their larvicidal and adultici ...201931263222
pluripotency of wolbachia against arboviruses: the case of yellow fever.background: yellow fever outbreaks have re-emerged in brazil during 2016-18, with mortality rates up to 30%. although urban transmission has not been reported since 1942, the risk of re-urbanization of yellow fever is significant, as aedes aegypti is present in most tropical and sub-tropical cities in the world and still remains the main vector of urban yfv. although the yfv vaccine is safe and effective, it does not always reach populations at greatest risk of infection and there is an acknowle ...201931259313
general visual and contingent thermal cues interact to elicit attraction in female aedes aegypti mosquitoes.female aedes aegypti mosquitoes use multiple sensory modalities to hunt human hosts and obtain a blood meal for egg production. attractive cues include carbon dioxide (co2), a major component of exhaled breath [1, 2]; heat elevated above ambient temperature, signifying warm-blooded skin [3, 4]; and dark visual contrast [5, 6], proposed to bridge long-range olfactory and short-range thermal cues [7]. any of these sensory cues in isolation is an incomplete signal of a human host, and so a mosquito ...201931257144
transcriptomic analysis of aedes aegypti innate immune system in response to ingestion of chikungunya virus.aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of emergent mosquito-borne viruses, including chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. to understand how these viruses interact with their mosquito vectors, an analysis of the innate immune system response was conducted. the innate immune system is a conserved evolutionary defense strategy and is the dominant immune system response found in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants. rna-sequencing analysis was performed to compare targe ...201931252518
estimating past, present, and future trends in the global distribution and abundance of the arbovirus vector aedes aegypti under climate change scenarios.background:aedes aegypti is the principal vector for several important arbovirus diseases, including dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika. while recent empirical research has attempted to identify the current global distribution of the vector, the seasonal, and longer-term dynamics of the mosquito in response to trends in climate, population, and economic development over the twentieth and the twenty-first century remains to be elucidated. methods: in this study, we use a process-based ma ...201931249824
wolbachia prevalence, diversity, and ability to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in mosquitoes.to protect humans and domestic animals from mosquito borne diseases, alternative methods to chemical insecticides have to be found. pilot studies using the vertically transmitted bacterial endosymbiont wolbachia were already launched in different parts of the world. wolbachia can be used either in incompatible insect technique (iit), to decrease mosquito population, or to decrease the ability of mosquitoes to transmit pathogens. not all mosquito species are naturally infected with wolbachia: whi ...201931247412
the taste of water.female mosquitos require a specific ion-channel protein to sense the presence of fresh water in which they can lay their eggs.201931246169
the basic plan of the adult heart is conserved across different species of adult mosquitoes, but the morphology of heart-associated tissues varies.the heart is a pivotal organ in insects because it performs a number of different tasks, such as circulating nutrients, hormones, and excreta. in this study, the morphologies of the heart and associated tissues, including pericardial cells (pcs) and alary muscles (ams), in the hematophagous mosquitoes anopheles aquasalis curry (diptera: culicidae), aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae), and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae), and the phytophagous toxorhynchites theobaldi dyar & knab ...201931245826
pcr-based bloodmeal analysis of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) in st. george parish, grenada.blood-feeding patterns of mosquitoes affect the transmission and maintenance of arboviral diseases. in the caribbean, aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus say mosquitoes are the dominant mosquito species in developed areas. however, no information is available on the bloodmeal hosts of these invasive vectors in grenada, where arboviral pathogens such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses cause significant human suffering. to this end, ae. aegypti and cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes w ...201931245825
mosquito larvicidal potential of hydroxy-2-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one (maltol) isolated from the methanol root extract of senecio laetus edgew. and its in-silico study.in the present study, hydroxy-2-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one was isolated from the methanol root extract of senecio laetus and was identified by ft-ir, 1h, 13c nmr and gc-ms. the larvicidal potential of the compound 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4h-pyran-4-one was evaluated against the 4th instar larvae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus at concentrations ranging from 20 to 1.25 ppm under laboratory conditions. the compound showed 100% mortality at 20 ppm against all the tested mosqu ...201931244340
a t164s mutation in the dengue virus ns1 protein is associated with greater disease severity in mice.dengue viruses cause severe and sudden human epidemics worldwide. the secreted form of the nonstructural protein 1 (sns1) of dengue virus causes vascular leakage, a hallmark of severe dengue disease. here, we reverse engineered the t164s mutation of ns1, associated with the severity of dengue epidemics in the americas, into a dengue virus serotype 2 mildly infectious strain. the t164s mutant virus decreased infectious virus production and increased sns1 production in mammalian cell lines and hum ...201931243154
cell-fusing agent virus reduces arbovirus dissemination in aedes aegypti mosquitoes in vivo.aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vectors of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of public health significance, such as the flaviviruses dengue virus (denv) and zika virus (zikv). mosquitoes are also the natural hosts of a wide range of viruses that are insect specific, raising the question of their influence on arbovirus transmission in nature. cell-fusing agent virus (cfav) was the first described insect-specific flavivirus, initially discovered in an a. aegypti cell line and subsequentl ...201931243123
synergistic terpene combinations as larvicides against the dengue vector aedes aegypti linn.most of the essential oils (eo) known for mosquitocidal activity contain terpenes as part of their chemical constituents. in this study, four monoterpenes namely γ-terpinene (t), r-(+)-limonene (l), carvacrol (c), and trans-anethole (a) were screened against late third instar aedes aegypti linn. larvae singly and in combination to find out the synergistic interaction. the monoterpenes γ-terpinene, r-(+)-limonene, trans-anethole, and carvacrol showed larvicidal activity with lc50 values of 9.76, ...201931241777
cloning, expression and activity of atp-binding protein in bacillus thuringiensis toxicity modulation against aedes aegypti.bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) is a widely used mosquitocidal microbial pesticide due to its high toxicity. atp-binding proteins (abp) are prevalently detected in insects and are related to reaction against bti toxins. however, the function of abp in mosquito biocontrol is little known, especially in aedes aegypti. therefore, this study aimed to clarify the function of abp in ae. aegypti against bti toxin.201931238963
reflections from an old queenslander: can rear and release strategies be the next great era of vector control?in this perspective, i discuss the great eras of vector control, centring on aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, zika and several other viruses. since the discovery and acceptance of the role of mosquitoes as vectors of disease agents, several significant strategies have been developed and deployed to control them and the diseases they transmit. environmental management, insecticides and, to a lesser extent, biological control have emerged as great eras of vector control. in the past de ...201931238839
rna interference-mediated knockdown of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase affects larval development and adult survival in the mosquito aedes aegypti.the cuticle is an indispensable structure that protects the mosquito against adverse environmental conditions and prevents pathogen entry. while most cuticles are hard and rigid, some parts of cuticle are soft and flexible to allow movement and blood-feeding. it has been reported that 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (dopal) synthase is associated with flexible cuticle formation in aedes aegypti. however, the molecular function of dopal synthase in the ontogenesis of mosquito remains largely unk ...201931234914
larvicidal compounds extracted from helicteres velutina k. schum (sterculiaceae) evaluated against aedes aegypti l.helicteres velutina k. schum (sterculiaceae), a member of malvaceae sensu lato, is a brazilian endemic plant that has been used by the indigenous tribe pankarare as an insect repellent. a previous study has reported the isolation of terpenoids, flavonoids and pheophytins, in addition to the larvicidal activity of crude h. velutina extracts derived from the aerial components (leaves, branches/twigs, and flowers). the present study reports the biomonitoring of the effects of fractions and isolated ...201931234501
insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti: an impact from human urbanization?in the city of magelang, indonesia, the distribution of dengue haemorhagic fever (dhf) cases tend to be clustered, ever changing along with human urbanization from 2014 to 2017. although dhf cases have been less reported in the city of magelang for the past 5 years, vector control measures by using insecticide space spraying, particularly permethrin, have been continuously performed. current study aimed to detect kdr mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in ae. aegypti and to study pos ...201931233517
frequent sugar feeding behavior by aedes aegypti in bamako, mali makes them ideal candidates for control with attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb).current tools and strategies are not sufficient to reliably address threats and outbreaks of arboviruses including zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever. hence there is a growing public health challenge to identify the best new control tools to use against the vector aedes aegypti. in this study, we investigated ae. aegypti sugar feeding strategies in bamako, mali, to determine if this species can be controlled effectively using attractive toxic sugar baits (atsb).201931206547
the mosquito immune system and the life of dengue virus: what we know and do not know.flaviviruses are largely transmitted to humans by their arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes or ticks. the dengue virus (denv) is one of the members of the family flaviviridae and is the causative agent of dengue fever. in the mosquito vector, denv enters through viremic blood meal and replicates in the mid-gut. newly formed virion particles circulate to various mosquito organs and get transmitted to the next host in subsequent bites. aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus have intricate immune cont ...201931200426
entomo-virological surveillance strategy for dengue, zika and chikungunya arboviruses in field-caught aedes mosquitoes in an endemic urban area of the northeast of brazil.aedes spp. are considered the main vectors of dengue (denv), zika (zikv) and chikungunya (chikv) viruses in the world. arbovirus detection in aedes mosquitoes can alert authorities to possible outbreaks, reducing the impact of these diseases. the purpose of this study was to perform an operational strategy for virological surveillance of denv, zikv and chikv in adult aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes captured at different key-sites in an endemic urban area of the northeast region of ...201931194961
surveys of arboviruses vectors in four cities stretching along a railway transect of burkina faso: risk transmission and insecticide susceptibility status of potential vectors.background: a severe outbreak of dengue occurred in burkina faso in 2016, with the most cases reported in ouagadougou, that highlights the necessity to implement vector surveillance system. this study aims to estimate the risk of arboviruses transmission and the insecticide susceptibility status of potential vectors in four sites in burkina faso. methods: from june to september 2016, house-to-house cross sectional entomological surveys were performed in four cities stretching along a southwest-t ...201931192232
sustained wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus isolates following serial passage in aedes aegypti cell culture.wolbachia is an intracellular endosymbiont of insects that inhibits the replication of a range of pathogens in its arthropod hosts. the release of wolbachia into wild populations of mosquitoes is an innovative biocontrol effort to suppress the transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) to humans, most notably dengue virus. the success of the wolbachia-based approach hinges upon the stable persistence of the 'pathogen blocking' effect, whose mechanistic basis is poorly understood. evid ...201931191980
phylogenetic analysis of dengue-2 serotypes circulating in mangroves in northern cordoba, colombia.in this study, we aimed to identify denv-2 subtypes in aedes aegypti pools collected between 2011 and 2017 in a rural area of northern cordoba, colombia ("la balsa").201931188919
vector competence of aedes aegypti for different strains of zika virus in argentina.the importance of zika virus (zikv) has increased noticeably since the outbreak in the americas in 2015, when the illness was associated with congenital disorders. although there is evidence of sexual transmission of the virus, the mosquito aedes aegypti is believed to be the main vector for transmission to humans. this species of mosquito has not only been found naturally infected with zikv, but also has been the subject of study in many vector competence assays that employ different strains of ...201931188869
optimal control of vaccination in a vector-borne reaction-diffusion model applied to zika virus.zika virus has acquired worldwide concern after a recent outbreak in latin america that started in brazil, with associated neurological conditions such as microcephaly in newborns from infected mothers. the virus is transmitted mainly by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but direct (sexual) transmission has been documented. we formulate a reaction diffusion model that considers spatial movement of humans and vectors, with local contact transmission of zika virus. vaccination is introduced as a control v ...201931187254
cartography of odor chemicals in the dengue vector mosquito (aedes aegypti l., diptera/culicidae).this study was aimed to identify the chemical compounds of aedes aegypti that can be potentially used to develop pheromone-based vector control methods. in this study, we compared the chemical compounds collected from the organs of mosquitoes at different developmental stages in the life cycle. we also compared the composition and amount of extracts from the different tissues of male and female adult mosquito. interestingly, we found large amount of c17-c20 ethyl and methyl esters in the wings o ...201931186462
male competition and the evolution of mating and life-history traits in experimental populations of aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is an important disease vector and a major target of reproductive control efforts. we manipulated the opportunity for sexual selection in populations of ae. aegypti by controlling the number of males competing for a single female. populations exposed to higher levels of male competition rapidly evolved higher male competitive mating success relative to populations evolved in the absence of competition, with an evolutionary response visible after only five generations. we also detec ...201931185872
assessing the potential interactions between cellular mirna and arboviral genomic rna in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.although the role of exogenous small interfering rna (sirna) and p-element induced wimpy testis (piwi)-interacting rna (pirna) pathways in mosquito antiviral immunity is increasingly better understood, there is still little knowledge regarding the role of mosquito cellular microrna (mirna). identifying direct interactions between the mosquito mirnas and the rna genome of arboviruses and choosing the relevant mirna candidates to explore resulting antiviral mechanisms are critical. here, we carrie ...201931185697
seasonal and geographic variation in insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti in southern ecuador.insecticide resistance (ir) can undermine efforts to control vectors of public health importance. aedes aegypti is the main vector of resurging diseases in the americas such as yellow fever and dengue, and recently emerging chikungunya and zika fever, which have caused unprecedented epidemics in the region. vector control remains the primary intervention to prevent outbreaks of aedes-transmitted diseases. in many high-risk regions, like southern ecuador, we have limited information on ir. in thi ...201931181073
screening aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from pernambuco, brazil for resistance to temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin and characterization of potential resistance mechanisms.resistance to chemical insecticides detected in aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes has been a problem for the national dengue control program (pncd) over the last years. in order to provide deeper knowledge of resistance to xenobiotics, our study evaluated the susceptibility profile of temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin insecticides in natural mosquito populations from the pernambuco state, associating these results with the local historical use of such compounds. furthermore, mechanisms that ...201931175834
temperature impacts on dengue emergence in the united states: investigating the role of seasonality and climate change.tropical mosquito-borne viruses have been expanding into more temperate regions in recent decades. this is partly due to the coupled effects of temperature on mosquito life history traits and viral infection dynamics and warming surface temperatures, resulting in more suitable conditions for vectors and virus transmission. in this study, we use a deterministic ordinary differential equations model to investigate how seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations affect the potential for dengue tr ...201931175008
enhanced vector surveillance to control arbovirus epidemics in colombia.in the wake of the zika epidemic, there has been intensified interest in the surveillance and control of the arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, yet many existing surveillance systems could benefit from improvements. vector control programs are often directed by national governments, but are carried out at the local level, resulting in the discounting of spatial heterogeneities in ecology and epidemiology. furthermore, entomological and epidemiological data are often collected ...201931171922
community assessments for mosquito prevention and control experiences, attitudes, and practices - u.s. virgin islands, 2017 and 2018.aedes aegypti, the mosquito that carries dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses, is present throughout the u.s. virgin islands (usvi). to reduce mosquitoborne disease transmission, the usvi department of health (vidoh) is responsible for integrated mosquito management. during january 2016-january 2018, usvi experienced its first zika outbreak, with most cases reported during january-december 2016, as well as two category 5 hurricanes (irma on st. thomas/st. john on september 6, 2017, and maria on ...201931170124
the widespread occurrence and potential biological roles of endogenous viral elements in insect genomes.modern genomic sequencing and bioinformatics approaches have detected numerous examples of dna sequences derived from dna and rna virus genomes integrated into both vertebrate and insect genomes. retroviruses encode rna-dependent dna polymerases (reverse transcriptases) and integrases that convert their rna viral genomes into dna proviruses and facilitate proviral dna integration into the host genome. surprisingly, dna sequences derived from rna viruses that do not encode these enzymes also occu ...201931167954
rnaseq analysis of aedes albopictus mosquito midguts after chikungunya virus infection.chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging pathogen around the world and causes significant morbidity in patients. a single amino acid mutation in the envelope protein of chikv has led to a shift in vector preference towards aedesalbopictus. while mosquitoes are known to mount an antiviral immune response post-infection, molecular interactions during the course of infection at the tissue level remain largely uncharacterised. we performed whole transcriptome analysis on dissected midguts of aedes a ...201931167461
aedes aegypti microrna, mir-2944b-5p interacts with 3'utr of chikungunya virus and cellular target vps-13 to regulate viral replication.rna interference is among the most important mechanisms that serve to restrict virus replication within mosquitoes, where micrornas (mirnas) are important in regulating viral replication and cellular functions. these mirnas function by binding to complementary sequences mostly in the untranslated regions of the target. chikungunya virus (chikv) genome consists of two open reading frames flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions on the two sides. a recent study from our laboratory has shown that ...201931166953
utilizing larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy of eucalyptus and neem oil against aedes mosquito: an approach for mosquito control.plant-based products can provide safe and biodegradable mosquito control agents. the essential oils have a strong odor due to complex secondary metabolites and exhibit lower density than that of water, which renders them suitable to form a thin layer above the water surface. the present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal activity of eucalyptus and neem oils against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.201931161087
wolbachia pipientis occurs in aedes aegypti populations in new mexico and florida, usa.the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus skuse are the major vectors of dengue, zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses worldwide. wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium present in many insects, is being utilized in novel vector control strategies to manipulate mosquito life history and vector competence to curb virus transmission. earlier studies have found that wolbachia is commonly detected in ae. albopictus but rarely detected in ae. aegypti. in this study, we used a two-step ...201931161026
molecular evidence of sequential evolution of ddt- and pyrethroid-resistant sodium channel in aedes aegypti.multiple mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to ddt and pyrethroid insecticides in a major human disease vector aedes aegypti. one mutation, v1016g, confers sodium channel resistance to pyrethroids, but a different substitution in the same position v1016i alone had no effect. in pyrethroid-resistant ae. aegypti populations, v1016i is often linked to another mutation, f1534c, which confers sodium channel resistance only to type i pyre ...201931158225
blood feeding activates the vitellogenic stage of oogenesis in the mosquito aedes aegypti through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by the insulin and tor pathways.most mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti, only produce eggs after blood feeding on a vertebrate host. oogenesis in a. aegypti consists of a pre-vitellogenic stage before blood feeding and a vitellogenic stage after blood feeding. primary egg chambers remain developmentally arrested during the pre-vitellogenic stage but complete oogenesis to form mature eggs during the vitellogenic stage. in contrast, the signaling factors that maintain primary egg chambers in pre-vitellogenic arrest or that acti ...201931153832
vapor delivery of plant essential oils alters pyrethroid efficacy and detoxification enzyme activity in mosquitoes.the use of synthetic insecticides to limit the spread of mosquito-borne disease faces a number of significant challenges, including insecticide resistance, concerns related to the environmental impact of widespread insecticide use, as well as slowed development of new insecticide chemistries. one important alternative to broadcast insecticides is the use of personal protection strategies to limit contact with vector species, including the use of spatial repellents that can employ synthetic pyret ...201931153481
transmission of lumpy skin disease virus: a short review.lumpy skin disease (lsd) is a viral transboundary disease endemic throughout africa and of high economic importance that affects cattle and domestic water buffaloes. since 2012, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the middle eastern and balkan regions, southern caucasus and parts of the russian federation. before vaccination campaigns took their full effect, the disease continued spreading from region to region, mainly showing seasonal patterns despite implementing control and e ...201931152757
barriers that limit the implementation of thermal fogging for the control of dengue in colombia: a study of mixed methods.thermal fogging of insecticides is a vector control strategy used by the medellin secretary of health to combat dengue. this method is employed during outbreaks to curb populations of potentially infectious adult mosquitoes and interrupt transmission cycles. while this strategy has been used in medellin since 2007, in some years it has not reduced dengue cases as expected. difficulties in the implementation of fumigation strategies, such as lack of opportunity for treatment and public perception ...201931146722
estimating the impact of city-wide aedes aegypti population control: an observational study in iquitos, peru.during the last 50 years, the geographic range of the mosquito aedes aegypti has increased dramatically, in parallel with a sharp increase in the disease burden from the viruses it transmits, including zika, chikungunya, and dengue. there is a growing consensus that vector control is essential to prevent aedes-borne diseases, even as effective vaccines become available. what remains unclear is how effective vector control is across broad operational scales because the data and the analytical too ...201931145744
effects of constant and fluctuating low temperatures on the development of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from a temperate region.most studies of the effects of low temperature on the development of immature stages of aedes aegypti (l.) have been performed at constant temperatures in the laboratory, which may not accurately reflect the variable environmental conditions in the field. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of constant temperatures (ct) and fluctuating low temperatures (ft) on the fitness of ae. aegypti of buenos aires, argentina. three ct treatments (12, 14, and 16°c) and three ft treatments (1 ...201931139823
predatory efficacy of five locally available copepods on aedes larvae under laboratory settings: an approach towards bio-control of dengue in sri lanka.many countries are in search of more effective and sustainable methods for controlling dengue vectors, due to undeniable inefficiencies in chemical and mechanical vector control methods. bio-control of vectors by copepods is an ideal method of using interactions in the natural ecosystem for vector management, with minimum consequences on the environment. current study determined the predatory efficacy of five locally abundant copepod species on, aedes larvae under laboratory conditions. copepods ...201931136574
chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of onychopetalum periquino (rusby) d.m. johnson & n.a. murray.the essential oil (eo) from the leaves of onychopetalum periquino, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and also was investigated for its larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. thirteen compounds, representing 91.31% of the crude oil, were identified. major compounds were sesquiterpenes, including β-elemene (53.16%), spathulenol (11.94%) and β-selinene (9.25%). the eo showed high larvicidal activity with a lethal con ...201931135221
sodium ascorbate as a potential toxicant in attractive sugar baits for control of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and sand flies (diptera: psychodidae).attractive toxic sugar baits (atsbs) can be an effective vector control tool, especially in areas where aerial or aquatic applications of pesticides are undesirable or impractical. in general, there is a need to develop novel or alternative insecticides for vector control, and there is a demand from consumers for more 'natural' pest control products. sodium ascorbate (sa) is a naturally occurring antioxidant compound, found in fruits and vegetables, and is available commercially in the united st ...201931134270
high infestation of invasive aedes mosquitoes in used tires along the local transport network of panama.the long-distance dispersal of the invasive disease vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus has introduced arthropod-borne viruses into new geographical regions, causing a significant medical and economic burden. the used-tire industry is an effective means of aedes dispersal, yet studies to determine aedes occurrence and the factors influencing their distribution along local transport networks are lacking. to assess infestation along the primary transport network of panama we documented all ...201931133041
the sulcatone receptor of the strict nectar-feeding mosquito toxorhynchites amboinensis.controlling ae. aegypti populations and the prevention of mosquito bites includes the development of monitoring, repelling and attract-and-kill strategies that are based on understanding the chemical ecology of these pests. olfactory-mediated attraction to mammals has recently been linked to the mosquito aedes aegypti odorant receptor or4, which is activated by animal-released 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). this odorant is also a major component of flower scents and may play a role outside ...201931129164
a genomic approach to inferring kinship reveals limited intergenerational dispersal in the yellow fever mosquito.understanding past dispersal and breeding events can provide insight into ecology and evolution and can help inform strategies for conservation and the control of pest species. however, parent-offspring dispersal can be difficult to investigate in rare species and in small pest species such as mosquitoes. here, we develop a methodology for estimating parent-offspring dispersal from the spatial distribution of close kin, using pairwise kinship estimates derived from genome-wide single nucleotide ...201931125998
[first evidence of aedes aegypti in the arequipa region, perú 2016]. 201930183928
the intrinsically disordered c-terminal f domain of the ecdysteroid receptor from aedes aegypti exhibits metal ion-binding ability.the dominant vector of dengue and zika diseases is a female aedes aegypti mosquito. its reproduction is controlled by the formation of an active heterodimer complex of the 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle protein (usp). although ecr exhibits a structural and functional organization typical of nuclear receptors (nrs), the ecr c-terminus has an additional f domain (aafecr) that is rarely present in the nrs superfamily. the presence of f domains is evolutionarily not well conserv ...201930243841
seasonal and spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in a municipal urban park in são paulo, sp, brazil.dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika are important arboviruses present in various countries of the world, the etiological agents of which are transmitted to human-beings by the bite of infected females of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. biological aspects of these vectors, such as their distribution and abundance, are influenced by climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature. we assess the spatial and seasonal distribution of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus, during spring 2014 a ...201930282003
enhanced mortality in deltamethrin-resistant aedes aegypti in thailand using a piperonyl butoxide synergist.aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue viruses in thailand. control of this mosquito continues to rely heavily on use of insecticides in various forms and applications. the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide (pbo), combined with deltamethrin against eight populations of ae. aegypti collected from different regions in thailand is presented. the standard who adult contact bioassays found all populations with low to moderate levels of resistance to deltamethrin alone (using a 0.05% dis ...201930287252
walter reed at camp lazear: a paradigm for contemporary clinical research.throughout the time of the early settlement and development of north america, there were frequent epidemics of yellow fever. it is thought that ships transporting captured africans likely conveyed both major vectors, the aedes aegypti mosquito and the rna yellow fever virus from africa to north america. infected ships landing in port cities resulted in epidemics that proved impossible to control with conventional interventions. walter reed and the u.s. army commission solved the mystery of the m ...201930327122
vector competence analysis of two aedes aegypti lineages from bello, colombia, reveals that they are affected similarly by dengue-2 virus infection.dengue is the second most prevalent vector-borne disease after malaria in colombia. it is caused by dengue virus, an arbovirus that exhibits high epidemic power, which is evidenced by its occurrence in more than 80% of the country, largely because of the extensive dispersion of the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. the existence of two lineages of ae. aegypti has been proposed based on genetic differences at the mitochondrial level, and they have been reported to circulate in similar proportions in ...201930298277
host blood-meal source has a strong impact on gut microbiota of aedes aegypti.gut microbial communities of mosquitoes can influence vector susceptibility to pathogens, yet the factors that govern their composition remain poorly understood. we investigated the impact of host blood-meal source on gut microbiota of aedes aegypti l. adult mosquitoes were fed on human, rabbit or chicken blood and their gut microbiota compared to those of sugar-fed and newly emerged adults. microbial diversity was significantly reduced in blood-fed and sugar-fed mosquitoes but was restored to t ...201930357406
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