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origin of aedes aegypti in clark county, nevada.aedesaegypti is the primary vector for serious diseases, including those caused by chikungunya, dengue, and zika viruses. in 2017, the southern nevada health district first detected this invasive species in clark county, nv, including in the city of las vegas. we analyzed ae. aegypti from the city of north las vegas to determine the likely source of the invasion. we genotyped a sample of ae. aegypti at 12 highly variable microsatellites and analyzed the data in reference to published data from 2 ...201831442147
[communication for arboviral disease prevention: tailoring paho initiatives to the cuban contextcomunicação para prevenção de arboviroses: adequação das iniciativas da opas ao contexto cubano].the purpose of this paper is to describe the opportunities and challenges of training processes in the coordination of regional and national communication initiatives for arboviral disease prevention, using the lessons learned in the cuban context as an example. in february 2016 and december 2017, professional staff from the pedro kourí institute of tropical medicine attended workshops for strengthening communication capacities for arboviral disease prevention in primary health care settings thr ...201831093174
molecular basis for arbovirus transmission by aedes aegypti mosquitoes.mosquitoes are considered the most important vectors for the transmission of pathogens to humans. aedes aegypti is a unique species, not only by its highly anthropophilic and peridomestic habits but also because it can transmit an important variety of pathogenic viruses. examples are dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, zika, and mayaro viruses. after ingesting viremic blood, a wide range of mechanisms are activated in the mosquito to counteract viral infection. nevertheless, these arboviruses pos ...201831082816
green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles and mosquito larvicidal activity against dengue, zika and chikungunya causing vector aedes aegypti.in the present study, high purity copper oxide nanoparticles (nps) were synthesised using tridax procumbens leaf extract. green syntheses of nano-mosquitocides rely on plant compounds as reducing and stabilising agents. copper oxide nps were characterised using x-ray diffraction (xrd) analysis, fourier transform infrared (ft-ir), field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. xrd studies of the ...201830964011
effects of multiple transmission pathways on zika dynamics.although the zika virus is transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of infected female aedes aegypti mosquitoes, it can also be sexually and vertically transmitted within both populations. in this study, we develop a new mathematical model of the zika virus which incorporates sexual transmission in humans and mosquitos, vertical transmission in mosquitos, and mosquito to human transmission through bites. analysis of this deterministic model shows that the secondary transmission routes of ...201830839920
wing geometry analysis of aedes aegypti (diptera, culicidae), a dengue virus vector, from multiple geographical locations of samut songkhram, thailand.dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) is a mosquito-borne disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in tropical and temperate countries. studying wing morphometric of aedes aegypti as a mosquito vector of dhf can help to better understand biological process of the mosquito adaptation to the environment. we aimed to study the geometric morphometric of ae. aegypti from multiple geographical areas.201830918904
influence of location and distance of biogents sentinel™ traps from human-occupied experimental huts on aedes aegypti recapture and entry into huts.a mark-release-recapture study was conducted to refine the "push-pull" strategy for controlling the dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus vector aedes aegypti in a peridomestic environment by determining optimal locations and distances from human-occupied experimental huts for placement of the "pull" component (biogents sentinel™ [bgs] traps) to maximize the capture of mosquitoes. the bgs traps were placed at portals of entry (windows or doors) or corners of the experimental huts and at varying di ...201831442172
habitat characteristics for immature stages of aedes aegypti in zanzibar city, tanzania.aedesaegypti is the main vector for dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, zika, and other arboviruses of public health importance. the presence of ae. aegypti has never been systematically assessed in zanzibar, including its preferred larval habitats. in 2016 we conducted a cross-sectional entomological survey to describe the preferred larval habitats of ae. aegypti in zanzibar city, the main urban area of the zanzibar archipelago. the surveys for container habitats were conducted for a 17-wk perio ...201831442169
insecticidal and repellent properties of novel trifluoromethylphenyl amides ii.this project focused on the design, synthesis, and testing of trifluoromethylphenyl amides (tfmpas) as potential mosquitocides and repellents. fourteen compounds were evaluated for toxicity against larvae and adults of aedes aegypti. several compounds were toxic against aedes aegypti (larval, adult and feeding bioassays) and drosophila melanogaster (glass-surface contact assay), but were much less toxic than fipronil, with toxicity ratios ranging from 100-fold in the larval assay to 100,000-fold ...201830704711
screening of plant extracts and fractions on aedes aegypti larvae found in the state of mato grosso do sul (linnaeus, 1762) (culicidae).the constant use of chemical insecticides for aedes aegypti control has caused resistance in the mosquito populations. thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the larvicidal potential of extracts and fractions of plants on a. aegypti larvae. the analysis included sixty one extracts and twenty five fractions of fifty botanical species at concentrations of 0.25; 0.12; 0.06 to 0.03 mg ml-1; 4 replications and one negative control of dechlorinate water and 1% dmso; and a positive control wi ...201828640344
quantification through tlc-densitometric analysis, repellency and anticholinesterase activity of the homemade extract of indian cloves.the rise of the mosquitoes-transmitted diseases, like dengue, zika and chikungunya in brazil in the last years has increased concerns on protection against mosquitoes bites. however, the prohibitive prices of the commercially available repellents for the majority of the brazilian population has provoked a search for cheaper solutions, like the use of the homemade ethanolic extract of indian clove (syzygium aromaticum l.) as repellent, which has been reported as quite efficient by the local press ...201828913959
positional stable isotope tracer analysis reveals carbon routes during ammonia metabolism of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.in aedes aegypti females, the ammonia released during blood meal digestion is partially metabolized to facilitate the disposal of excess nitrogen. in this study, we used low- and high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc/ms) techniques to investigate the role of glucose during ammonia detoxification. mosquitoes were fed a blood meal supplemented with [1,2-13c2]glucose, and downstream metabolites were measured for 24 h. quantification of [13c] amino acids in the entire mosquito ...201828970248
zika and chikungunya virus detection in naturally infected aedes aegypti in ecuador.the wide and rapid spread of chikungunya (chikv) and zika (zikv) viruses represent a global public health problem, especially for tropical and subtropical environments. the early detection of chikv and zikv in mosquitoes may help to understand the dynamics of the diseases in high-risk areas, and to design data based epidemiological surveillance to activate the preparedness and response of the public health system and vector control programs. this study was done to detect zikv and chikv viruses i ...201828982578
synthesis and structure-activity relationships of carbohydrazides and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing an imidazolidine moiety against the yellow fever and dengue vector, aedes aegypti.1,3,4-oxadiazole and imidazolidine rings are important heterocyclic compounds exhibiting a variety of biological activities. in this study, novel compounds with oxadiazole and imidazolidine rings were synthesized from 3-(methylsulfonyl)-2-oxoimidazolidine-1-carbonyl chloride and screened for insecticidal activities. the proposed structures of the 17 synthesized compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, infrared (ir), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 h-nmr), and mass spectroscopy.201828869331
detection and serotyping of dengue viruses in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) collected in surabaya, indonesia from 2008 to 2015.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are the primary and secondary vectors, respectively, of dengue, the most important arboviral disease in the world. the aim of this study was to detect and serotype dengue viruses (denv) in the vectors ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in surabaya, indonesia. between 2008 and 2015, 16,605 aedes mosquitoes were collected in 15 sub-districts of surabaya. ae. aegypti was dominant (90.9%), whereas few ae. albopictus were collected (9.1%). a total of 330 pools of adult ...201829093315
gold nanoparticles - against parasites and insect vectors.nanomaterials are currently considered for many biological, biomedical and environmental purposes, due to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (au nps) is of high interest for research in parasitology and entomology, since these nanomaterials showed promising applications, ranging from detection techniques to drug development, against a rather wide range of parasites of public health relevance, as well as on insect vectors. here, i reviewed curr ...201829092797
transcription profiling for defensins of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) during development and in response to infection with chikungunya and zika viruses.aedes aegypti (l.) is a vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and zika viruses. these viruses encounter a variety of induced defense responses from the innate immune system of the mosquito. we cloned defensin a from ae. aegypti using laboratory populations originating from key west and orlando, florida. to characterize inducible immune defensin peptides, we examined the defensin a (defa) and defensin c (defc) expression through time course studies using quantitative real-time pcr. we obser ...201828968775
the spatial and temporal scales of local dengue virus transmission in natural settings: a retrospective analysis.dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by the dengue virus (denv). despite the crucial role of aedes mosquitoes in denv transmission, pure vector indices poorly correlate with human infections. therefore there is great need for a better understanding of the spatial and temporal scales of denv transmission between mosquitoes and humans. here, we have systematically monitored the circulation of denv in individual aedes spp. mosquitoes and human patients from caratinga, a dengue endemic city in th ...201829394906
synergistic effect of entomopathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum extract in combination with temephos against three major mosquito vectors.mosquito control using chemical insecticides is facing a major challenge due to development of insecticide resistance. improving the efficiency of existing insecticides using synergistic secondary metabolites of biological origin is increasingly being researched. herein, we evaluated the toxicity of fusarium oxysporum extract alone and in binary combinations with temephos, on larvae and pupae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefaciatus. f. oxysporum extract was characterized ...201829457957
zika and aedes aegypti: new and old challenges.infection with the zika virus had a great impact not only on pregnant women and newborns, but also on public health, on popular ideas about aedes aegypti and with respect to women's social rights. the objective of this paper is to identify this impact and the historical, social and health changes of the disease and the legacy of the zika virus. interventions by researchers from different specialties foster conditions for more comprehensive investigations into future epidemic threats in brazil an ...201829412263
larvicidal activity of selected plant extracts and their combination against the mosquito vectors culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti.in order to develop an environment-friendly botanical mosquito larvicide alternative to the chemical larvicides, extracts were made from the leaves of hyptis suaveolens, lantana camara, nerium oleander, and tecoma stans with three organic solvents such as methanol (me), chloroform (ch), and petroleum ether (pe) using a soxhlet extractor. the plant extracts were screened for larvicidal activity individually and in combination against the larvae of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus as per w ...201829460245
mosquito saliva: the hope for a universal arbovirus vaccine?arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are taxonomically diverse causes of significant morbidity and mortality. in recent decades, important mosquito-borne viruses such as west nile, chikungunya, dengue, and zika have re-emerged and spread widely, in some cases pandemically, to cause serious public health emergencies. there are no licensed vaccines against most of these viruses, and vaccine development and use has been complicated by the number of different viruses to protect against, by subtype ...201829617849
the potential impacts of 21st century climatic and population changes on human exposure to the virus vector mosquitoaedes aegypti.the mosquitoaedes (ae). aegyptitransmits the viruses that cause dengue and chikungunya, two globally-important vector-borne diseases. we investigate how choosing alternate emissions and/or socioeconomic pathways may modulate future human exposure toae. aegypti. occurrence patterns forae. aegyptifor 2061-2080 are mapped globally using empirically downscaled air temperature and precipitation projections from the community earth system model, for the representative concentration pathway (rcp) 4.5 a ...201829610543
identification of hub genes and pathways in zika virus infection using rna-seq data: a network-based computational approach.zika virus (zikv), a single-strand rna flavivirus, is transmitted primarily through aedes aegypti. the recent outbreaks in america and unexpected association between zikv infection and birth defects have triggered the global attention. this vouches to understand the molecular mechanisms of zikv infection to develop effective drug therapy. a systems-level understanding of biological process affected by zikv infection in fetal brain sample led us to identify the candidate genes for pharmaceutical ...201829608426
modulation of host learning in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.how mosquitoes determine which individuals to bite has important epidemiological consequences. this choice is not random; most mosquitoes specialize in one or a few vertebrate host species, and some individuals in a host population are preferred over others. mosquitoes will also blood feed from other hosts when their preferred is no longer abundant, but the mechanisms mediating these shifts between hosts, and preferences for certain individuals within a host species, remain unclear. here, we sho ...201829395917
natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus: a systematic review.dengue is of great concern in various parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are present. the transmission of this virus to humans, by what is known as horizontal transmission, occurs through the bite of infected females of one or other of the two mosquito species. furthermore, an infected female or male parent, by what is known as vertical transmission, can transfer this arbovirus to some part of their o ...201829391071
altered vector competence in an experimental mosquito-mouse transmission model of zika infection.few animal models of zika virus (zikv) infection have incorporated arthropod-borne transmission. here, we establish an aedes aegypti mosquito model of zikv infection of mice, and demonstrate altered vector competency among three strains, (orlando, orl, ho chi minh, hcm, and patilas, pat). all strains acquired zikv in their midguts after a blood meal from infected mice, but zikv transmission only occurred in mice fed upon by hcm, and to a lesser extent pat, but not orl, mosquitoes. this defect in ...201829505571
an overview of mosquito vectors of zika virus.the mosquito-borne arbovirus zika virus (zikv, flavivirus, flaviviridae), has caused an outbreak impressive by its magnitude and rapid spread. first detected in uganda in africa in 1947, from where it spread to asia in the 1960s, it emerged in 2007 on the yap island in micronesia and hit most islands in the pacific region in 2013. subsequently, zikv was detected in the caribbean, and central and south america in 2015, and reached north america in 2016. although zikv infections are in general asy ...201829481868
vector competence of selected north americananophelesandculexmosquitoes for zika virus.zika virus (zikv) is a vector-borne flavivirus that has caused recent outbreaks associated with serious disease in infants and newborns in the americas.aedesmosquitoes are the primary vectors for zikv, but little is known about the diversity of mosquitoes that can transmit zikv in north america. we chose three abundant north american mosquito species (anopheles freeborni,anopheles quadrimaculatus, andculex tarsalis) and one known vector species (aedes aegypti), fed them blood meals supplemented ...201829472998
alterations of mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative stress induced by alkaloid-like α-aminonitriles on aedes aegypti larvae.aedes aegypti mosquitoes are responsible for dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus transmission in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. due to the absence of vaccines or antiviral drugs for human treatment, the majority of control strategies are targeted at ae. aegypti elimination. our research on mosquito control insecticidal agents has previously shown that the alkaloid girgensohnine and its analogues (α-aminonitriles) present in vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition and in vivo inse ...201829463410
modeling the spread of the zika virus using topological data analysis.zika virus (zikv), a disease spread primarily through the aedes aegypti mosquito, was identified in brazil in 2015 and was declared a global health emergency by the world health organization (who). epidemiologists often use common state-level attributes such as population density and temperature to determine the spread of disease. by applying techniques from topological data analysis, we believe that epidemiologists will be able to better predict how zikv will spread. we use the vietoris-rips fi ...201829438377
integrated vector control of aedes aegypti mosquitoes around target houses.the developing fetuses of pregnant women are at high risk of developing serious birth defects following zika virus infections. we applied an integrated vector control (ivc) approach using source reduction, larviciding, and mass trapping with non-insecticidal sticky traps to protect targeted houses by reducing the density of female aedes aegypti mosquitoes.201829422087
zika virus mb16-23 in mosquitoes, miami-dade county, florida, usa, 2016.we isolated a strain of zika virus, mb16-23, from aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in miami beach, florida, usa, on september 2, 2016. phylogenetic analysis suggests that mb16-23 most likely originated from the caribbean region.201829400646
pyrethroid resistance persists after ten years without usage against aedes aegypti in governmental campaigns: lessons from são paulo state, brazil.aedes aegypti, vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses, is found at high densities in tropical urban areas. the dissemination of this vector is partially the consequence of failures in current vector control methods, still mainly relying upon insecticides. in the state of são paulo (sp), brazil, public health managers employed pyrethroids against ae. aegypti adults from 1989 to 2000, when a robust insecticide resistance monitoring system detected resistance to pyrethroids in several ae. a ...201829601580
using maldi-tof ms to identify mosquitoes collected in mali and their blood meals.matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been recently described as an innovative and effective tool for identifying arthropods and mosquito blood meal sources. to test this approach in the context of an entomological survey in the field, mosquitoes were collected from five ecologically distinct areas of mali. we successfully analysed the blood meals from 651 mosquito abdomens crushed on whatman filter paper (wfps) in the field using maldi-t ...201829409547
a vaccinia-based single vector construct multi-pathogen vaccine protects against both zika and chikungunya viruses.zika and chikungunya viruses have caused major epidemics and are transmitted by aedes aegypti and/or aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the "sementis copenhagen vector" (scv) system is a recently developed vaccinia-based, multiplication-defective, vaccine vector technology that allows manufacture in modified cho cells. herein we describe a single-vector construct scv vaccine that encodes the structural polyprotein cassettes of both zika and chikungunya viruses from different loci. a single vaccination ...201829581442
complex wolbachia infection dynamics in mosquitoes with imperfect maternal transmission.dengue, malaria, and zika are dangerous diseases primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and anopheles stephensi. in the last few years, a new disease control method, besides pesticide spraying to kill mosquitoes, has been developed by releasing mosquitoes carrying bacterium wolbachia into the natural areas to infect the wild population of mosquitoes and block disease transmission. the bacterium is transmitted by infected mothers and the maternal transmission was assumed to be ...201829161848
facile green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using ulva lactuca seaweed extract and evaluation of their photocatalytic, antibiofilm and insecticidal activity.the bioactivity of semiconductor nanocomplexes has been poorly studied in the field of pesticide science. in this research, the synthesis of zinc nanoparticles was accomplished through new effortless green chemistry process, using the ulva lactuca seaweed extract as a reducing and capping agent. the production of u. lactuca-fabricated zno nanoparticles (ul-zno nps) was characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (xrd), uv-visible, fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, selected area elect ...201829169140
nanotitania crystals induced efficient photocatalytic color degradation, antimicrobial and larvicidal activity.textile industries release tonnes of harmful toxic dyes into the environment, causing severe effects on living organisms, including humans. mosquitoes vectors spread important diseases which cause millions of human deaths worldwide. to control mosquitoes a number of synthetic mosquitocidal agents have been employed but all these pesticides pose harmful effects to human health and non-target species and also led to resistance development in treated vectors. microbial strains are also developing r ...201829241121
zika virus infection modulates the bacterial diversity associated with aedes aegypti as revealed by metagenomic analysis.zika is a re-emerging infection that has been considered a major threat to global public health. currently at least 100 countries are at risk of zika virus (zikv) transmission. aedes aegypti is the main mosquito vector in the americas. this vector is exposed to, and interacts symbiotically with a variety of microorganisms in its environment, which may result in the formation of a lifetime association. here, the unknown effect that zikv exerts on the dynamic bacterial community harbored by this m ...201829293631
insecticide treated curtains and residual insecticide treatment to control aedes aegypti: an acceptability study in santiago de cuba.within the context of a field trial conducted by the cuban vector control program (aacp), we assessed acceptability of insecticide-treated curtains (itcs) and residual insecticide treatment (rit) with deltamethrin by the community. we also assessed the potential influence of interviewees' risk perceptions for getting dengue and disease severity.201829293501
green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using holarrhena antidysenterica (l.) wall.bark extract and their larvicidal activity against dengue and filariasis vectors.the present study was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal potential of methanol, hexane, acetone, chloroform, and aqueous bark extracts of holarrhena antidysenterica (l.) wall. and silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized using aqueous bark extract against the third instar larvae of aedes aegypti l. and culex quinquefasciatus say. agnps were prepared by adding 10 ml of aqueous bark extract in 90 ml of 1 mm silver nitrate (agno3) solution. after 5 min of mixing, a change in color from yellow t ...201829250727
n-substituted methyl maleamates as larvicidal compounds against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).severe human arboviral diseases can be transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.), including dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever. the use of larvicides in containers that can result as potential breeding places and cannot be eliminated is the main alternative in control programs. however, their continuous and widespread use caused an increase in insecticide-resistant populations of this mosquito. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three n-substituted methyl maleamate ...201829290037
at the origin of a worldwide invasion: unraveling the genetic makeup of the caribbean bridgehead populations of the dengue vector aedes aegypti.human-driven global environmental changes have considerably increased the risk of biological invasions, especially the spread of human parasites and their vectors. among exotic species that have major impacts on public health, the dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti originating from africa has spread worldwide during the last three centuries. although considerable progress has been recently made in understanding the history of this invasion, the respective roles of human and abiotic factors in s ...201829267872
assessment of a trap based aedes aegypti surveillance program using mathematical modeling.the goal of this study was to assess the goodness-of-fit of theoretical models of population dynamics of aedes aegypti to trap data collected by a long term entomological surveillance program. the carrying capacity k of this vector was estimated at city and neighborhood level. adult mosquito abundance was measured via adults collected weekly by a network of sticky traps (mosquitraps) from january 2008 to december 2011 in vitória, espírito santo, brazil. k was the only free parameter estimated by ...201829304070
hypoxia-induced transcription factor signaling is essential for larval growth of the mosquito aedes aegypti.gut microbes positively affect the physiology of many animals, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits remain poorly understood. we recently reported that bacteria-induced gut hypoxia functions as a signal for growth and molting of the mosquito aedes aegypti in this study, we tested the hypothesis that transduction of a gut hypoxia signal requires hypoxia-induced transcription factors (hifs). expression studies showed that hif-α was stabilized in larvae containing bacteria that in ...201829298915
group b wolbachia strain-dependent inhibition of arboviruses.mosquito-borne viruses, including zika virus (zikv) and dengue virus (denv), are global threats that continue to infect millions annually. historically, efforts to combat the spread of these diseases have sought to eradicate the mosquito population. this has had limited success. recent efforts to combat the spread of these diseases have targeted the mosquito population and the mosquito's ability to transmit viruses by altering the mosquito's microbiome. the introduction of particular strains of ...201829297702
environmentally benign nanometric neem-laced urea emulsion for controlling mosquito population in environment.the increasing risk of vector-borne diseases and the environmental pollution in the day-to-day life due to the usage of the conventional pesticides makes the role of nanotechnology to come into the action. the current study deals with one of the applications of nanotechnology through the formulation of neem urea nanoemulsion (nune). nune was formulated using neem oil, tween 20, and urea using the microfluidization method. prior to the development of nanoemulsion, the ratio of oil/surfactant/urea ...201829116538
functional characterization of the dual allatostatin-a receptors in mosquitoes.the neuropeptide allatostatin-a (asta) and its cognate receptors (astars) are involved in the modulation of feeding behavior, which in hematophagous insects includes the regulation of the disease vector-related behaviors, host seeking and blood feeding. in mosquitoes and other dipterans, there are two copies of astar, contrasting with the single copy found in other insects. in this study, we identified and cloned the dual astar system of two important disease vectors aedes aegypti and culex quin ...201829103918
mosquito vector-associated microbiota: metabarcoding bacteria and eukaryotic symbionts across habitat types in thailand endemic for dengue and other arthropod-borne diseases.vector-borne diseases are a major health burden, yet factors affecting their spread are only partially understood. for example, microbial symbionts can impact mosquito reproduction, survival, and vectorial capacity, and hence affect disease transmission. nonetheless, current knowledge of mosquito-associated microbial communities is limited. to characterize the bacterial and eukaryotic microbial communities of multiple vector species collected from different habitat types in disease endemic areas ...201829375803
multifaceted functional implications of an endogenously expressed trna fragment in the vector mosquito aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti is the primary vector of human arboviral diseases caused by dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses. many studies have shown the potential roles of small rna molecules such as microrna, small interfering rna and piwi-interacting rna in vector mosquitoes. the function of trna fragments (trf), the newly discovered class of small rnas, in mosquitoes is not known. in this study, we show that specific trfs are expressed in significantly differential manner between males and fe ...201829364883
behavior of detoxifying enzymes of aedes aegypti exposed to girgensohnine alkaloid analog and cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil.because mosquito control depend on the use of commercial insecticides and resistance has been described in some of them, there is a need to explore new molecules no resistant. in vivo effects of girgensohnine analog 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(piperidin-1-yl)acetonitrile dppa and cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil cfeo, on the detoxifying enzymes acetylcholinesterase (ache), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), nonspecific esterases (α- and β-), mixed function oxidases (mfo) and p-npa esterases were ...201829129589
the wolbachia strain wau provides highly efficient virus transmission blocking in aedes aegypti.introduced transinfections of the inherited bacteria wolbachia can inhibit transmission of viruses by aedes mosquitoes, and in ae. aegypti are now being deployed for dengue control in a number of countries. only three wolbachia strains from the large number that exist in nature have to date been introduced and characterized in this species. here novel ae. aegypti transinfections were generated using the walba and wau strains. in its native ae. albopictus, walba is maintained at lower density tha ...201829370307
fine-scale landscape genomics helps explain the slow spatial spread of wolbachia through the aedes aegypti population in cairns, australia.the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia suppresses the capacity for arbovirus transmission in the mosquito aedes aegypti, and can spread spatially through wild mosquito populations following local introductions. recent introductions in cairns, australia have demonstrated slower than expected spatial spread. potential reasons for this include: (i) barriers to ae. aegypti dispersal; (ii) higher incidence of long-range dispersal; and (iii) intergenerational loss of wolbachia. we investigated these th ...201829358725
the genomes of four meyerozymacaribbica isolates and novel insights into the meyerozymaguilliermondii species complex.yeasts of the meyerozyma guilliermondii species complex are widespread in nature and can be isolated from a variety of sources, from the environment to arthropods to hospital patients. to date, the species complex comprises the thoroughly studied and versatile m. guilliermondii, and the hard to distinguish m. caribbica, and candida carpophila here we report the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly of four m. caribbica isolates, identified with the most recent molecular techniques, derive ...201829311113
critical low temperature for the survival of aedes aegypti in taiwan.taiwan is geographically located in a region that spans both tropical and subtropical climates (22-25°n and 120-122°e). the taiwan centers for disease control have found that the ecological habitat of aedes aegypti appears only south of 23.5°n. low temperatures may contribute to this particular habitat distribution of ae. aegypti under the influence of the east asian winter monsoon. however, the threshold condition related to critically low temperatures remains unclear because of the lack of lar ...201829310716
current concerns and perspectives on zika virus co-infection with arboviruses and hiv.dissemination of vector-borne viruses, such as zika virus (zikv), in tropical and sub-tropical regions has a complicated impact on the immunopathogenesis of other endemic viruses such as dengue virus (denv), chikungunya virus (chikv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the consequences of the possible co-infections with these viruses have specifically shown significant impact on the treatment and vaccination strategies. zikv is a mosquito-borne flavivirus from african and asian lineages that ...201829352633
aerial ulv control of aedes aegypti with naled (dibrom) inside simulated rural village and urban cryptic habitats.we conducted aerial fixed wing ultra low volume (ulv) spray trials with naled to investigate penetration of exposed and simulated cryptic habitat within opened buildings, partially sealed buildings, and outdoor locations targeting sentinel adult aedes aegypti mosquitoes in north central florida. mortality was observed in open and closed buildings and outdoors, even in mosquitoes placed in cryptic habitats. observations on the impact of building type, mosquito exposure method such as placement in ...201829352307
reduction in musca domestica fecundity by dsrna-mediated gene knockdown.house flies (musca domestica) are worldwide agricultural pests with estimated control costs at $375 million annually in the u.s. non-target effects and widespread resistance challenge the efficacy of traditional chemical control. double stranded rna (dsrna) has been suggested as a biopesticide for m. domestica but a phenotypic response due to the induction of the rnai pathway has not been demonstrated in adults. in this study female house flies were injected with dsrna targeting actin-5c or ribo ...201829342168
krüppel homologue 1 acts as a repressor and an activator in the transcriptional response to juvenile hormone in adult mosquitoes.krüppel homologue 1 (kr-h1) is a zinc finger transcription factor that is upregulated in insects by juvenile hormone (jh) in metamorphosis and adult reproduction. the molecular function of kr-h1 in reproduction remains largely unknown. here we report that aakr-h1 functions as an important transcription regulator in adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the amount of aakr-h1 protein increases with rising jh levels after adult emergence, reaches its peak at 48 h after eclosion, then decreases gra ...201829314423
aristololactam derivatives from the fruits of aristolochia contorta bunge.three new aristololactam derivatives, aristololactam w-y (1-3), and three known compounds (4-6) were isolated from the fruits of aristolochia contorta bunge. compounds 1 and 2 represent the first example of an n-ch2och3 aristololactam derivative from natural products. their structures were elucidated by 1d/2d nmr and hresims spectra. all of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their insecticidal activity against 4th instar larvae of aedes aegypti. compound 4 displayed insecticidal activity ...201829313366
[dengue, zika, chikungunya and the development of vaccines].dengue (denv), zika (zikv) and chikungunya (chikv), three arbovirosis transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, have spread in recent decades in humid tropical and subtropical zones. dengue is epidemic in subtropical areas of argentina. denv infection confers lasting immunity against the infecting serotype but increases the risk of serious disease upon reinfection by any of the other three. the recombinant tetravalent vaccine dengvaxia® prevents severe dengue and hospitalization in seropositive subjects. ...201829360072
cytoplasmic glutamine synthetase gene expression regulates larval development in bactrocera dorsalis (hendel).in insects, glutamine synthetase (gs), a key enzyme in the synthesis of glutamine, has been reported to be associated with embryonic development, heat shock response, and fecundity regulation. however, little is known about the influence of gs on postembryonic development. in this study, we demonstrate that blocking the activity of gs in the oriental fruit fly (bactrocera dorsalis) with use of a gs-specific inhibitor (l-methionine s-sulfoximine), led to a significant delay in larval development, ...201829359358
wolbachia-induced transcription factor gata4 suppresses ovary-specific genes blastoderm-specific protein 25d and imaginal disc growth factor.the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia infects a wide array of insect hosts and has been implicated in a range of biological modifications as a consequence of its infection. previously, it was shown that the transcription factor gata4 was significantly induced in wolbachia wmelpop-cla strain infected aedes aegypti whole mosquitoes and cells. here, we provide evidence that this induction also occurs in mosquito ovaries where the ovary-specific genes blastoderm-specific protein 25d (bsg25d) and ima ...201829336504
vibrational properties of bulk boric acid 2a and 3t polymorphs and their two-dimensional layers: measurements and density functional theory calculations.boric acid (h3bo3) is being used effectively nowadays in traps/baits for the management of aedes aegypti l. and aedes albopictus skuse species of mosquitoes, which are the main spreading vectors worldwide for diseases such as malaria, dengue, and zika. previously, we published results on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of its molecular triclinic h3bo3-2a and trigonal h3bo3-3t polymorphs within the framework of density functional theory (dft). because of the renewed importance ...201829328646
the discovery of arthropod-specific viruses in hematophagous arthropods: an open door to understanding the mechanisms of arbovirus and arthropod evolution?the discovery of an odd virus from hematophagous arthropods 40 years ago by stollar and thomas described cell fusing agent virus in cells derived from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. then came the report of kamiti river virus from ae. macintoshi in 1999, followed by worldwide reports of the discovery of other viruses of mosquitoes, ticks, and midges that replicate only in arthropods and not in vertebrates or in vertebrate cells. these viruses (now totaling at least 64 published) have genomes analogous ...201829324047
dengue hemorrhagic fever virus in saudi arabia: a review.dengue fever is a global disease with a spectrum of clinical manifestation ranging from mild febrile disease to a severe disease in the form of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. dengue virus is one viral hemorrhagic fever that exists in the kingdom of saudi arabia in addition to alkhurma (alkhurma) hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya virus, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever, and rift valley fever. the disease is limited to the western and south-western regions of saudi arabia, where a ...201829319426
qsar analysis of plant-derived compounds with larvicidal activity against zika aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) vector using freely available descriptors.we develop a qsar model for predicting the larvicidal activity of 60 plant-derived molecules against aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae), vector of several diseases such as, dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika virus. the balanced subsets method (bsm) based on k-means cluster analysis (k-mca) is employed to split the data set. the replacement method (rm) variable subset selection technique coupled with multivariable linear regression (mlr) proves to be successful for exploring 18,326 mol ...201829314584
zika virus in salivary glands of five different species of wild-caught mosquitoes from mexico.zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne pathogen, and aedes aegypti has been identified as the main vector of the disease. other mosquito species in the aedes and culex genera have been suggested to have the potential for being competent vectors based on experimental exposition of mosquitoes to an infectious blood meal containing zikv. here, we report the isolation in cell culture of zikv obtained from different body parts of wild-caught female mosquitoes (ae. aegypti, ae. vexans, cx. quinquefasci ...201829339746
the effect of larval diet on adult survival, swarming activity and copulation success in male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).control of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) populations is vital for reducing the transmission of several pervasive human diseases. the success of new vector control technologies will be influenced by the fitness of laboratory-reared transgenic males. however, there has been relatively little published data on how rearing practices influence male fitness in aedes mosquitoes. in the laboratory, the effect of larval food availability on adult male fitness was tested, using a range of differ ...201829029298
diurnal temperature range and chikungunya virus infection in invasive mosquito vectors.climate strongly influences the geographic distribution and timing of mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. environmental temperature affects phenotypic traits of mosquitoes including vector competence for arboviruses mediated by changes in infection, extrinsic incubation period and in rates of transmission. most experiments, however, are done at constant temperatures. in nature, mosquitoes are more likely to experience daily fluctuations in temperature. here we compare disseminated infection (leg i ...201829040730
the effect of insecticidal stress on reproductive output of susceptible and field strains of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the phenomenon of high egg reproduction when mortality risk rises is common in mosquitoes. however, the phenomenon may vary between insecticide susceptible and field-collected strains, due to the latter's decreased energy allocation in reproduction in the presence of insecticide resistance. in this study, we evaluated the effect of chlorpyrifos (cp) and temephos (tp) exposure on the oviposition and survival of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) (diptera: culicidae) using a susceptible strain (khsm) and tw ...201829040719
sublethal exposure to deltamethrin reduces the abilities of giant water bugs to prey upon aedes aegypti larvae.freshwater ecosystems provide environmental conditions for many arthropod species, including pests like mosquitoes and beneficial insects. giant water bugs, belostoma anurum (hemiptera: belostomatidae), are aquatic insects that provide biological control of mosquitoes and small vertebrates in freshwater environments. however, the application of insecticides aiming to control mosquitoes can lead to insecticide exposures of aquatic predators that can result in their death or significant reductions ...201829049958
the bacterium wolbachia exploits host innate immunity to establish a symbiotic relationship with the dengue vector mosquito aedes aegypti.a host's immune system plays a central role in shaping the composition of the microbiota and, in return, resident microbes influence immune responses. symbiotic associations of the maternally transmitted bacterium wolbachia occur with a wide range of arthropods. it is, however, absent from the dengue and zika vector mosquito aedes aegypti in nature. when wolbachia is artificially forced to form symbiosis with this new mosquito host, it boosts the basal immune response and enhances the mosquito's ...201829099491
functional characterization of a serine protease inhibitor modulated in the infection of the aedes aegypti with dengue virus.during feeding with blood meal, female aedes aegypti can transmit infectious agents, such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and zika viruses. dengue virus causes human mortality in tropical regions of the world, and there is no specific treatment or vaccine with maximum efficiency being used for these infections. in the vector-virus interaction, the production of several molecules is modulated by both mosquitoes and invading agents. however, little information is available about these molecul ...201829133118
zika virus: what we need to know?zika virus is one of the emerging viruses and is of significant threat to human health globally. it is a mosquito borne flavivirus similar to dengue, yellow fever, and west nile viruses. it was reported about 5 decades ago and then it spreads to different parts of the world. large outbreaks were reported on yap islands in 2007. now it has gained wide attention globally by health communities. major vector for virus transmission is aedes aegypti mosquito. zikv infection is mostly asymptomatic but ...201829131357
mapping the spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.mosquito-borne infectious diseases, such as rift valley fever, dengue, chikungunya and zika, have caused mass human death with the transnational expansion fueled by economic globalization. simulating the distribution of the disease vectors is of great importance in formulating public health planning and disease control strategies. in the present study, we simulated the global distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus at a 5×5km spatial resolution with high-dimensional multidisciplinary ...201829191515
bacterial exopolysaccharide (eps)-coated zno nanoparticles showed high antibiofilm activity and larvicidal toxicity against malaria and zika virus vectors.in this study, a novel and effective approach was performed to synthesize zno nanoparticles (zno nps) using the exopolysaccharides (eps) from the probiotic strain bacillus licheniformis dahb1. eps acted as reducing and stabilizing agent for the formation of eps-zno nps by co-precipitation method. structural characterization was investigated by a surface plasma resonance centered at 375nm in uv-vis spectrum. ftir spectrum exhibited functional groups with strong absorption peak at 3814.7-420cm-1. ...201829173489
field- and clinically derived estimates of wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus transmission potential in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.the wmel strain of wolbachia can reduce the permissiveness of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to disseminated arboviral infections. here, we report that wmel-infected ae. aegypti (ho chi minh city background), when directly blood-fed on 141 viremic dengue patients, have lower dengue virus (denv) transmission potential and have a longer extrinsic incubation period than their wild-type counterparts. the wmel-infected mosquitoes that are field-reared have even greater relative resistance to denv infection ...201829279375
first evidence of zika virus venereal transmission in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.aedes aegypti is considered the main zika virus (zikv) vector, and is thought to be responsible for the 2015-2016 outbreak in brazil. zika positive ae. aegypti males collected in the field suggest that vertical and/or venereal transmission of zikv may occur.201829185595
point-of-use nanobiosensor for detection of dengue virus ns1 antigen in adult aedes aegypti: a potential tool for improved dengue surveillance.dengue virus (denv) and its primary mosquito vectors aedes spp. have spread to every continent except antarctica, causing outbreaks and autochthonous transmission in previously disease-free regions. recently, the spread of other arboviruses carried by invasive aedes spp., such as chikungunya and zika, seem to be following similar trends as denv and have renewed interest in monitoring and modeling arboviruses within mosquito vectors. unfortunately, current commercially available detection methods ...201829182305
molecular detection and characterization of wolbachia pipientis from culex quinquefasciatus collected from lahore, pakistan.the gram-negative, pleomorphic endosymbiont wolbachia is known to infect a large number of insects and other arthropods naturally. this bacterium modifies the host biology, mainly causing reproductive alterations including feminization, death of male, parthenogenesis, and importantly cytoplasmic incompatibility. wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility results in nonviable offspring and vector population suppression. in addition, this bacterium rapidly spreads and propagates within the host ...201829141766
potential role for flubendazole in limiting filariasis transmission: observations of microfilarial sensitivity.flubendazole (flbz) is a potent and efficacious macrofilaricide after parenteral administration. studies in animal models and one trial in patients infected with onchocerca volvulus revealed that flbz elicits minimal effects on microfilariae (mf). severe complications after ivermectin (ivm) treatment of patients with high loa loa microfilaraemia are of great concern. we examined the potential of flbz to rapidly kill l. loa mf, the phenomenon proposed to underlie the complications. mf of l. loa w ...201829141764
genome sequence of a novel strain of a phasi charoen-like virus identified in zhanjiang, china.here, we report the genome sequence of a novel strain of a phasi charoen-like virus, isolated from aedes aegypti mosquitoes caught in zhanjiang province of china. phylogenetic analysis suggested that this virus belongs to a new genus, goukovirus, in the family bunyaviridae this is the first reported genome sequence of a phasi charoen-like virus identified in china.201829326198
toxicity and possible mechanisms of action of honokiol from magnolia denudata seeds against four mosquito species.this study was performed to determine the toxicity and possible mechanism of the larvicidal action of honokiol, extracted from magnolia denudata seeds, and its 10 related compounds against third-instar larvae of insecticide-susceptible culex pipiens pallens, aedes aegypti, and aedes albopictus and anopheles sinensis resistant to deltamethrin and temephos. honokiol (lc50, 6.13-7.37 mg/l) was highly effective against larvae of all of the four mosquito species, although the toxicity of the compound ...201930674912
infection pattern of mayaro virus in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and transmission potential of the virus in mixed infections with chikungunya virus.mayaro virus (mayv; togaviridae; alphavirus) has drawn increasing attention as an arthropod-borne virus with potential to cause outbreaks among the human populations of the western hemisphere. in the tropical regions of central and south america, the virus exists in sylvatic cycles between mosquitoes and primate reservoirs such as marmosets. although forest-dwelling mosquitoes are regarded as important vectors for mayv, it has been shown previously that the virus can infect and potentially be tr ...201930668762
chemical composition, aedes mosquito larvicidal activity, and repellent activity against triatoma rubrofasciata of severinia monophylla leaf essential oil.aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are key vectors in the spread of arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika. triatoma rubrofasciata is an "assassin bug" whose populations and association with humans have dramatically increased and may represent a serious health concern. control of insect vectors is a logical course of action to prevent the spread of these insect-borne infections. this work presents the leaf essential oil composition, mosquito larvicidal activities, and inse ...201930671730
repellency assessment of nepeta cataria essential oils and isolated nepetalactones on aedes aegypti.there is an increased need for improved and affordable insect repellents to reduce transmission of rapidly spreading diseases with high mortality rates. natural products are often used when deet cannot be afforded or accessed and when consumers choose not to use a synthetic repellent. the essential oils from two newly bred nepeta cataria (catnip) plants representing two different chemotypes and their respective isolated nepetalactone isomers were evaluated as mosquito repellents against aedes ae ...201930728370
engineered resistance to zika virus in transgenic aedes aegypti expressing a polycistronic cluster of synthetic small rnas.recent zika virus (zikv) outbreaks have highlighted the necessity for development of novel vector control strategies to combat arboviral transmission, including genetic versions of the sterile insect technique, artificial infection with wolbachia to reduce population size and/or vectoring competency, and gene drive-based methods. here, we describe the development of mosquitoes synthetically engineered to impede vector competence to zikv. we demonstrate that a polycistronic cluster of engineered ...201930723148
genotoxic and mutagenic assessment of spinosad using bioassays with tradescantia pallida and drosophila melanogaster.spinosad (spn) is a naturally-occurring insecticide obtained from the fermentation process of the actinomycete saccharopolyspora spinosa. owing to the larvicidal action, the compound has been used in the control of aedes aegypti. as a new insecticide commercially available in the market, few data are reported on genotoxic effects in non-target organisms. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the mutagenic effect of spn through the micronucleus test in tradescantia pallida (trad-mcn) ...201930721808
assessment of acute toxicity and cytotoxicity of fluorescent markers produced by cardanol and glycerol, which are industrial waste, to different biological models.the amphyphylic triazoanilines recently synthesized 1-(4-(3-aminophenyl)-1h-1,2,3- triazole-1-yl)-3-(3-pentadecylphenoxy)propan-2-ol (1) and 1-(4-(4-aminophenyl)-1h- 1,2,3-triazole-1-yl)-3-(3-pentadecylphenoxy)propan-2-ol (2), synthesized from cardanol and glycerol, have photophysical properties which allow their use in the development of fluorescent biomarkers with applicability in the biodiesel quality control. based on this, the present research evaluated the toxic effects of both compounds i ...201930719661
evaluation of enhanced oviposition attractant formulations against aedes and culex vector mosquitoes in urban and semi-urban areas.surveillance is not only an important tool to assess the population dynamics of vector mosquitoes, but it can also be used to control vector-borne diseases. mosquito vectors that belong to several genera such as anopheles, aedes, and culex play a crucial role in the transmission of malaria, dengue, chikungunya, zika, and elephantiasis diseases worldwide. we tested the efficacy of two commercial-grade oviposition attractant formulations that were developed for the container-inhabiting aedes aegyp ...201930719534
homologs of human dengue-resistance genes, fkbp1b and atcay, confer antiviral resistance in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.dengue virus (denv) is transmitted by mosquitoes and is a major public health concern. the study of innate mosquito defense mechanisms against denv have revealed crucial roles for the toll, imd, jak-stat, and rnai pathways in mediating denv in the mosquito. often overlooked in such studies is the role of intrinsic cellular defense mechanisms that we hypothesize to work in concert with the classical immune pathways to affect organismal defense. our understanding of the molecular interaction of de ...201930717390
attraction of female aedes aegypti (l.) to aphid honeydew.plant sugar is an essential dietary constituent for mosquitoes, and hemipteran honeydew is one of the many forms of plant sugar that is important to mosquitoes. many insects rely on volatile honeydew semiochemicals to locate aphids or honeydew itself. mosquitoes exploit volatile semiochemicals to locate sources of plant sugar but their attraction to honeydew has not previously been investigated. here, we report the attraction of female yellow fever mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, to honeydew odorants ...201930717169
analysis of salivary glands and saliva from aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti infected with chikungunya viruses.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a medically important mosquito-borne virus transmitted to humans by infected aedes (stegomyia) species. in 2013⁻2014, ae. aegypti transmitted chikv to humans in the caribbean and in 2005⁻2006, ae. albopictus transmitted chikv on la réunion island (indian ocean basin). chikv lr2006 opy1 from the la réunion epidemic was associated with a mutation (e1:a226v) in the viral e1 glycoprotein that enhanced chikv transmission by ae. albopictus. chikv r99659 from the caribbean ...201930717086
water-induced strong protection against acute exposure to low subzero temperature of adult aedes albopictus.as an important vector of dengue and zika, aedes albopictus has been the fastest spreading invasive mosquitoes in the world over the last 3-4 decades. cold tolerance is important for survival and expansion of insects. ae. albopictus adults are generally considered to be cold-intolerant that cannot survive at subzero temperature. however, we found that ae. albopictus could survive for several hours' exposure to -9 to -19 oc so long as it was exposed with water. median lethal time (lt50) of ae. al ...201930716071
pyrethroids use: threats on metabolic-mediated resistance mechanisms in the primary dengue vector aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in aedes aegypti (l.) has limited the success of vector control. early detection of resistance could assist authorities in deciding well-suited control strategies to minimize operational failures of ae. aegypti control. herein, biochemical analysis was performed to investigate the mechanisms involved in pyrethroid resistance in nine populations of indonesian ae. aegypti. enzymes of adult ae. aegypti such as esterases (ests), glutathione-s-transferases (gsts ...201930715464
florida aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and aedes albopictus vector competency for zika virus.zika virus (zikv) first spread into brazil in 2013 and is now present throughout the americas. in 2016, florida witnessed the beginnings of local zikv transmission. no reports of local transmission have been reported for 2018; however, travel related cases continue to be reported. recurrence of local transmission in the united states is a major public health risk in florida where vectors aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae, linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae, skuse) are abundant an ...201930668772
resistance status of aedes aegypti to deltamethrin, malathion, and temephos in ecuador.in ecuador, the status of insecticide resistance for aedes aegypti, the principal arboviral vector in the country, has not been previously evaluated. the aim of this research was to describe the resistance status of ae. aegypti to the principal insecticides used for vector control in provinces with high reports of arboviral clinical cases. this was a descriptive study performed on ae. aegypti collected from 2016 to 2017 in 14 localities of ecuador. the larvae were reared and tested using bioassa ...201931442135
exposure of mosquito (aedes aegypti) larvae to the water extract and lectin-rich fraction of moringa oleifera seeds impairs their development and future fecundity.aedes aegypti control is a key component of the prophylaxis of dengue fever and other diseases. moringa oleifera seeds contain a water-soluble lectin (wsmol) with larvicidal and ovicidal activities against this insect. in this study, a. aegypti individuals were exposed at the third larval instar for 24 h to the water extract (0.1-1.0 mg/ml of protein) or lectin-rich fraction (0.05-0.6 mg/ml of protein) containing wsmol, and then their survival and development were followed for 9 days post-exposu ...201931446169
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