| turmeric powder and its derivatives from curcuma longa rhizomes: insecticidal effects on cabbage looper and the role of synergists. | curcuma longa has well-known insecticidal and repellent effects on insect pests, but its impact on trichoplusia ni is unknown. in this study, the compound ar-turmerone, extracted and purified from c. longa rhizomes, was identified, and its insecticidal effects, along with turmeric powder, curcuminoid pigments and crude essential oil were evaluated against this important agricultural pest. the role of natural (sesamol and piperonal) and synthetic [piperonyl butoxide (pbo)] synergists under labora ... | 2016 | 27804972 |
| large diversity of the piggybac-like elements in the genome of tribolium castaneum. | the piggybac transposable element (te), originally discovered in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, has been widely used in insect transgenesis including the red flour beetle tribolium castaneum. we surveyed piggybac-like (ple) sequences in the genome of t. castaneum by homology searches using as queries the diverse ple sequences that have been described previously. the search yielded a total of 32 piggybac-like elements (tcples) which were classified into 14 distinct groups. most of the tcple ... | 2007 | 18342253 |
| transcriptome responses of the host trichoplusia ni to infection by the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus. | productive infection of trichoplusia ni cells by the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) leads to expression of ~156 viral genes and results in dramatic cell remodeling. how the cell transcriptome responds to viral infection was unknown due to the lack of a reference genome and transcriptome for t. ni. we used an ~60-gb rna sequencing (rna-seq) data set from infected and uninfected t. ni cells to generate and annotate a de novo transcriptome assembly of appr ... | 2014 | 25231311 |
| differential proteomic analysis of trichoplusia ni cells after continuous selection with activated cry1ac toxin. | development of insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins threatens the sustained successful application of bt-based biological control tactics. multi-mechanisms of resistance have been proposed, such as alteration of toxin-binding proteins, changes of proteases in midgut and so on. the other responses of the cry1ac-selected insects might also contribute to the evolution of resistance. here, the cry1ac-selected trichoplusia ni tnh5 cells with high resistance were subjected to analys ... | 2012 | 23070538 |
| expression of the cydia pomonella granulovirus matrix metalloprotease enhances autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus virulence and can partially substitute for viral cathepsin. | the cydia pomonella granulovirus open reading frame 46 (cpgv-orf46) contains predicted domains found in matrix metalloproteases (mmps), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade extracellular matrix proteins. we showed that cpgv-mmp was active in vitro. autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) expressing cpgv-orf46 replicated similarly to a control virus lacking cpgv-orf46 in cultured cells. the effects of acmnpv expressing cpgv-mmp on virus infection in culture ... | 2015 | 25795312 |
| aflatoxin b1: toxicity, bioactivation and detoxification in the polyphagous caterpillar trichoplusia ni. | trichoplusia ni caterpillars are polyphagous foliage-feeders and rarely likely to encounter aflatoxin b1 (afb1), a mycotoxin produced by aspergillus flavus and a. parasiticus, in their host plants. to determine how t. ni copes with afb1, we evaluated the toxicity of afb1 to t. ni caterpillars at different developmental stages and found that afb1 tolerance significantly increases with larval development. diet incorporation of afb1 at 1 μg/g completely inhibited larval growth and pupation of newly ... | 2013 | 23955884 |
| modular genetic architecture of the toxigenic plasmid pis56-63 harboring cry1ab21 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis is5056, a strain highly toxic to trichoplusia ni larvae, produces the newly described cry1ab21 delta-endotoxin encoded by a gene located in the 63.8 kb pis56-63 plasmid. in this report we present the structure and functional similarity of this plasmid to other b. thuringiensis large toxigenic plasmids with particular interest focused on its modular architecture. the 61 open reading frames (orfs) of the plasmid made four functional modules: (i) m1-mic, ... | 2014 | 25115108 |
| fitness of bt-resistant cabbage loopers on bt-cotton plants. | development of resistance to the insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in insects is the major threat to the continued success of transgenic bt-crops in agriculture. the fitness of bt-resistant insects on bt- and non-bt-plants is a key parameter that determines the development of bt-resistance in insect populations. in this study, a comprehensive analysis of the fitness of bt-resistant trichoplusia ni strains on bt-cotton leaves was conducted. the bt-resistant t. ni strains carrie ... | 2017 | 28273400 |
| insecticidal spectrum and mode of action of the bacillus thuringiensis vip3ca insecticidal protein. | the vip3ca protein, discovered in a screening of spanish collections of bacillus thuringiensis, was known to be toxic to chrysodeixis chalcites, mamestra brassicae and trichoplusia ni. in the present study, its activity has been tested with additional insect species and we found that cydia pomonella is moderately susceptible to this protein. vip3ca (of approximately 90kda) was processed to an approximately 70kda protein when incubated with midgut juice in all tested species. the kinetics of prot ... | 2017 | 27756652 |
| controlled-release of bacillus thurigiensis formulations encapsulated in light-resistant colloidosomal microcapsules for the management of lepidopteran pests of brassica crops. | bacillus thuringiensis (b. t.) based formulations have been widely used to control lepidopteran pests in agriculture and forestry. one of their weaknesses is their short residual activity when sprayed in the field. using pickering emulsions, mixtures of spores and crystals from three b. t. serovars were successfully encapsulated in colloïdosomal microparticles (50 μm) using innocuous chemicals (acrylic particles, sunflower oil, iron oxide nanoparticles, ethanol and water). a ph trigger mechanism ... | 2016 | 27761325 |
| characterization of a highly toxic strain of bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki very similar to the hd-73 strain. | the lbit-1200 strain of bacillus thuringiensis was recently isolated from soil, and showed a 6.4 and 9.5 increase in toxicity, against manduca sexta and trichoplusia ni, respectively, compared to hd-73. however, lbit-1200 was still highly similar to hd-73, including the production of bipyramidal crystals containing only one protein of ∼130 000 kda, its flagellin gene sequence related to the kurstaki serotype, plasmid and reppcr patterns similar to hd-73, no production of β-exotoxin and no presen ... | 2016 | 27535648 |
| molecular cloning, expression, and identification of bre genes involved in glycosphingolipids synthesis in helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | glycosphingolipids (gsls) play important roles in the cellular biology of vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, such as cell differentiation, tumor metastasis, and cell coordination. gsls also serve as receptors for different bacterial toxins. for example, in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, gsls function as receptors of the insecticidal cry toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt), and mutations in bre genes involved in gsls synthesis resulted in resistance to cry5 toxin in this orga ... | 2016 | 27190043 |
| continuous evolution of bacillus thuringiensis toxins overcomes insect resistance. | the bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins (bt toxins) are widely used insecticidal proteins in engineered crops that provide agricultural, economic, and environmental benefits. the development of insect resistance to bt toxins endangers their long-term effectiveness. here we have developed a phage-assisted continuous evolution selection that rapidly evolves high-affinity protein-protein interactions, and applied this system to evolve variants of the bt toxin cry1ac that bind a cadherin-like recept ... | 2016 | 27120167 |
| effect of crop plants on fitness costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab in cabbage loopers. | fitness costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins critically impact the development of resistance in insect populations. in this study, the fitness costs in trichoplusia ni strains associated with two genetically independent resistance mechanisms to bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab, individually and in combination, on four crop plants (cabbage, cotton, tobacco and tomato) were analyzed, in comparison with their near-isogenic susceptible strain. the net reproductive rate ( ... | 2016 | 26868936 |
| resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry2ab in trichoplusia ni is conferred by a novel genetic mechanism. | the resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry2ab in a greenhouse-originated trichoplusia ni strain resistant to both bt toxins cry1ac and cry2ab was characterized. biological assays determined that the cry2ab resistance in the t. ni strain was a monogenic recessive trait independent of cry1ac resistance, and there existed no significant cross-resistance between cry1ac and cry2ab in t. ni. from the dual-toxin-resistant t. ni strain, a strain resistant to cry2ab only was isolated, an ... | 2015 | 26025894 |
| endogenous expression of a bt toxin receptor in the cry1ac-susceptible insect cell line and its synergistic effect with cadherin on cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac. | although many insect cell lines derived from various tissues are available, it is unclear whether endogenous receptors of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal toxins are expressed in these cell lines. in the present study, we demonstrated that the ovaries-derived spodoptera litura sl-hp cell line was susceptible to activated cry1ac although larvae of s. litura are not susceptible to the toxin. assays of the transcriptome revealed that thirteen atp-binding cassette transporter genes (abc) were exp ... | 2015 | 25662100 |
| resistance of trichoplusia ni populations selected by bacillus thuringiensis sprays to cotton plants expressing pyramided bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry2ab. | two populations of trichoplusia ni that had developed resistance to bacillus thuringiensis sprays (bt sprays) in commercial greenhouse vegetable production were tested for resistance to bt cotton (bollgard ii) plants expressing pyramided cry1ac and cry2ab. the t. ni colonies resistant to bacillus thuringiensis serovar kurstaki formulations were not only resistant to the bt toxin cry1ac, as previously reported, but also had a high frequency of cry2ab-resistant alleles, exhibiting ca. 20% survival ... | 2015 | 25480752 |
| expression of recombinant and mosaic cry1ac receptors from helicoverpa armigera and their influences on the cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac to spodoptera litura sl-hp cells. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin receptors play important roles in the killing of pests, and investigation on characterization of the receptors is essential for utilization of bt and management of insect resistance. here, recombinant and mosaic receptors of bt cry1ac toxin from helicoverpa armigera were expressed in spodoptera litura sl-hp cells and their influences on cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac toxin were investigated. when h. armigera aminopeptidase n1 (apn1), alkaline phosphatase 2 (al ... | 2016 | 25412589 |
| dietary mechanism behind the costs associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | beneficial alleles that spread rapidly as an adaptation to a new environment are often associated with costs that reduce the fitness of the population in the original environment. several species of insect pests have evolved resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in the field, jeopardizing its future use. this has most commonly occurred through the alteration of insect midgut binding sites specific for bt toxins. while fitness costs related to bt resistance alleles have often been reco ... | 2014 | 25171126 |
| biochemical and immunological properties of different electrophoretic forms of juvenile hormone esterase from trichoplusia ni (hübner). | the two major electrophoretic forms (pi 5.5, 5.3) of juvenile hormone esterase were independently isolated from hemolymph of larval trichoplusia ni. a simple and rapid preparation procedure of poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation, sephadex gel filtration and chromatofocusing is described. analytical isoelectric focusing showed only one peak of juvenile hormone esterase activity in the respective purified samples, whereas there were four (two major) such peaks in the hemolymph. the amino acid comp ... | 2013 | 3651500 |
| a novel 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase involved in the formation of the goiterogenic 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate and generalist insect resistance in arabidopsis,. | glucosinolates are secondary metabolites found almost exclusively in the order brassicales. they are synthesized from a variety of amino acids and can have numerous side chain modifications that control biological function. we investigated the biosynthesis of 2-hydroxybut-3-enyl glucosinolate, which has biological activities including toxicity to caenorhabditis elegans, inhibition of seed germination, induction of goiter disease in mammals, and production of bitter flavors in brassica vegetable ... | 2008 | 18945935 |
| the arabidopsis extracellular unusual serine protease inhibitor functions in resistance to necrotrophic fungi and insect herbivory. | protease inhibitors (pis) are involved in diverse biological processes in many organisms due to their function in the precise regulation of proteases. here, we studied the functions of arabidopsis unusual serine protease inhibitor (upi) encoding an 8.8 kda protein of atypical sequence composition relative to other pis. plants harboring a loss of function upi allele display enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungi botrytis cinerea and alternaria brassicicola as well as the generalist her ... | 2011 | 21749505 |
| abcc transporters mediate insect resistance to multiple bt toxins revealed by bulk segregant analysis. | relatively recent evidence indicates that abcc2 transporters play a main role in the mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a-type proteins. mapping of major cry1a resistance genes has linked resistance to the abcc2 locus in heliothis virescens, plutella xylostella, trichoplusia ni and bombyx mori, and mutations in this gene have been found in three of these bt-resistant strains. | 2014 | 24912445 |
| effect of low levels of bacillus thuringiensis exposure on the growth, food consumption and digestion efficiencies of trichoplusia ni resistant and susceptible to bt. | it is becoming increasingly clear that the impact of low doses of an environmental stressor, such as bacillus thuringiensis, can often not be predicted from high dose experiments, and the impact of these effects on the evolution of resistance has received little attention. in the present study, we examined the effect of low levels of b. thuringiensis exposure on the growth, food consumption and digestion efficiencies of trichoplusia ni resistant and susceptible to bt. larvae were fed on specifie ... | 2014 | 24727193 |
| using resistant prey demonstrates that bt plants producing cry1ac, cry2ab, and cry1f have no negative effects on geocoris punctipes and orius insidiosus. | geocoris punctipes (say) and orius insidiosus (say) are generalist predators found in a wide range of crops, including cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and maize (zea mays l.), where they provide important biological control services by feeding on an array of pests, including eggs and small larvae of caterpillars. a high percentage of cotton and maize in the united states and several other countries are transgenic cultivars that produce one or more of the insecticidal cry proteins of bacillus thur ... | 2014 | 24472212 |
| genetic resistance to bacillus thuringiensis alters feeding behaviour in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. | evolved resistance to xenobiotics and parasites is often associated with fitness costs when the selection pressure is absent. resistance to the widely used microbial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has evolved in several insect species through the modification of insect midgut binding sites for bt toxins, and reports of costs associated with bt resistance are common. studies on the costs of bt-resistance restrict the insect to a single artificial diet or host-plant. however, it is well d ... | 2014 | 24465656 |
| sequence variation and differential splicing of the midgut cadherin gene in trichoplusia ni. | the insect midgut cadherin serves as an important receptor for the cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). variation of the cadherin in insect populations provides a genetic potential for development of cadherin-based bt resistance in insect populations. sequence analysis of the cadherin from the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, together with cadherins from 18 other lepidopterans showed a similar phylogenetic relationship of the cadherins to the phylogeny of lepidoptera. the midgut cadherin ... | 2013 | 23743444 |
| bt crops producing cry1ac, cry2ab and cry1f do not harm the green lacewing, chrysoperla rufilabris. | the biological control function provided by natural enemies is regarded as a protection goal that should not be harmed by the application of any new pest management tool. plants producing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), have become a major tactic for controlling pest lepidoptera on cotton and maize and risk assessment studies are needed to ensure they do not harm important natural enemies. however, using cry protein susceptible hosts as prey often compromises such s ... | 2013 | 23544126 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056, an isolate highly toxic to trichoplusia ni. | the genome sequence of the entomopathogen bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain is5056 was determined. the chromosome is composed of 5,491,935 bp. in addition, is5056 harbors 14 plasmids ranging from 6,880 to 328,151 bp, four of which contain nine insecticidal protein genes, cry1aa3, cry1ab21, cry1ba1, cry1ia14, cry2aa9, cry2ab1, vip1, vip2, and vip3aa10. | 2013 | 23516221 |
| the utility of camptothecin as a synergist of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and nucleopolyhedroviruses against trichoplusia ni and spodoptera exigua. | we studied the effect of combining microbial pesticides with camptothecin (cpt) on the mortality of two lepidopteran insects: trichoplusia ni (hübner) and spodoptera exigua (hübner). cpt is an alkaloid that is often used as an anticancer agent. here, cpt was evaluated as a microbial pesticide synergist of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and insect baculovirus. the toxicity of cpt and its synergistic effects on two microbial pesticides were studied using the diet overlay method. bioassay results show ... | 2012 | 22928294 |
| resistance of trichoplusia ni to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac is independent of alteration of the cadherin-like receptor for cry toxins. | alteration of binding sites for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in insect midgut is the major mechanism of high-level resistance to bt toxins in insects. the midgut cadherin is known to be a major binding protein for bt cry1a toxins and linkage of bt-resistance to cadherin gene mutations has been identified in lepidopterans. the resistance to bt toxin cry1ac evolved in greenhouse populations of trichoplusia ni has been identified to be associated with the down-regulation of an aminopeptidase ... | 2012 | 22606242 |
| studies on bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from swedish soils: insect toxicity and production of b. cereus-diarrhoeal-type enterotoxin. | at moderate concentration, 23 of 40 strains of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from sweden were toxic to trichoplusia ni and five were toxic to aedes aegypti. five of the strains were toxic to diabrotica undecimpunctata at high concentration, two were toxic to heliothis virescens at low concentration and five produced thuringiensin (formerly called β-exotoxin). no strain was toxic towards the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua at low concentration. twenty-three of the strains produced a b. cereus-d ... | 1994 | 24421086 |
| genome analysis of heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h isolated from china. | no ascovirus isolated from china has been sequenced so far. therefore, in this study, we aimed to sequence the genome of heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (hvav-3h) using the 454 pyrosequencing technology. the genome was found to be 190,519-bp long with a g+c content of 45.5%. we also found that it encodes 185 hypothetical open reading frames (orfs) along with at least 50 amino acids, including 181 orfs found in other ascoviruses and 4 unique orfs. gene-parity plots and phylogenetic analysis reve ... | 2017 | 28382574 |
| [expression, purification and characterization of catalytic domain of protein kinase d1 in baculovirus-insect cell expression system]. | protein kinase d (pkd) is a novel family of serine/threonine kinases and diacylglycerol (dag) receptors and has been documented in a variety of cellular processes. to get high purity catalytic domain of pkd1 (pkd1-cat) for crystallography study, the gst-tagged pkd1-cat gene was cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector pfastbac1 (donor plasmid). when the recombinant plasmid was transformed into dh10bac competent escherichia coli, which contains a baculovirus shuttle vector (bacmid), transpositio ... | 2014 | 25507482 |
| [expression, purification and characterization of catalytic domain of protein kinase d1 in baculovirus-insect cell expression system]. | protein kinase d (pkd) is a novel family of serine/threonine kinases and diacylglycerol (dag) receptors and has been documented in a variety of cellular processes. to get high purity catalytic domain of pkd1 (pkd1-cat) for crystallography study, the gst-tagged pkd1-cat gene was cloned into a baculovirus transfer vector pfastbac1 (donor plasmid). when the recombinant plasmid was transformed into dh10bac competent escherichia coli, which contains a baculovirus shuttle vector (bacmid), transpositio ... | 2014 | 25423759 |
| membrane stress caused by octanoic acid in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | in order to compete with petroleum-based fuel and chemicals, engineering a robust biocatalyst that can convert renewable feedstocks into biorenewable chemicals, such as carboxylic acids, is increasingly important. however, product toxicity is often problematic. in this study, the toxicity of the carboxylic acids hexanoic, octanoic, and decanoic acid on saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated, with a focus on octanoic acid. these compounds are completely inhibitory at concentrations of magnitud ... | 2013 | 23435986 |
| characterization of the deoxyuridine triphosphatase gene of ophiusa disjungens nucleopolyhedrovirus. | ophiusa disjungens is one of the main insect pests that attack myrtaceae species. nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) of the baculoviridae family have been used for decades as biological pesticides to control insect pests. a new npv, named ophiusa disjungens nucleopolyhedrovirus (opdinpv), was recently isolated from opdinpv-infected o. disjungens larvae. in this study, a psti fragment of opdinpv genome containing the deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dutpase) gene was successfully cloned, sequenced and ana ... | 2012 | 23043604 |
| production of japanese encephalitis virus-like particles using the baculovirus-insect cell system. | the production of a secreted form of japanese encephalitis (je) virus-like particles (vlps) using the baculovirus-insect cell system was investigated. a recombinant baculovirus that contained the je virus (jev) prm signal sequence and the genes encoding the precursor (prm) of the viral membrane protein (m) and the envelope glycoprotein (e) was constructed. western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the culture supernatant showed that spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infecte ... | 2012 | 22841798 |
| effect of methomyl and oxamyl soil applications on early control of nematodes and insects. | methomyl is a widely used carbamate insecticide that has traditionally been applied as a foliar spray. more recently, methomyl has been labeled as a soil application via drip chemigation. not much is known about the insecticidal and nematicidal potential of soil-applied methomyl. methomyl soil applications were evaluated for their potential to control soil nematodes and foliar insect pests in a series of lab and greenhouse tests. | 2011 | 21438120 |
| efficient production of japanese encephalitis virus-like particles by recombinant lepidopteran insect cells. | the production of japanese encephalitis (je) virus-like particles (vlps) in stably transformed lepidopteran insect cells was investigated. the dna fragment encoding the je virus (jev) prm signal peptide, the precursor (prm) of the viral membrane protein (m), and the envelope glycoprotein (e) was cloned into the plasmid vector pihabla. the pihabla contained the bombyx mori actin promoter downstream of the b. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv) ie-1 transactivator and the bmnpv hr3 enhancer for high ... | 2013 | 22948954 |
| virus strains differentially induce plant susceptibility to aphid vectors and chewing herbivores. | plants are frequently attacked by both pathogens and insects, and an attack from one can induce plant responses that affect resistance to the other. however, we currently lack a predictive framework for understanding how pathogens, their vectors, and other herbivores interact. to address this gap, we have investigated the effects of a viral infection in the host plant on both its aphid vector and non-vector herbivores. we tested whether the infection by three different strains of potato virus y ... | 2014 | 24178835 |
| tnao38, high five and sf9--evaluation of host-virus interactions in three different insect cell lines: baculovirus production and recombinant protein expression. | a comparative analysis of new and established insect cell lines, in regard to process relevant parameters, provide data that can be exploited for designing more robust and effective protein production processes. the baculovirus-insect cell expression system has been efficiently used for the production of heterologous proteins. three different insect cell lines tnao38, high five and sf9 were compared in terms of virus susceptibility, baculovirus production and product yield of an intra-cellularly ... | 2014 | 24375231 |
| trichoplusia ni kinesin-1 associates with autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus nucleocapsid proteins and is required for production of budded virus. | the mechanism by which nucleocapsids of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) egress from the nucleus to the plasma membrane, leading to the formation of budded virus (bv), is not known. ac141 is a nucleocapsid-associated protein required for bv egress and has previously been shown to be associated with β-tubulin. in addition, ac141 and vp39 were previously shown by fluorescence resonance energy transfer by fluorescence lifetime imaging to interact directly with the droso ... | 2016 | 26763996 |
| chimaeric virus-like particles derived from consensus genome sequences of human rotavirus strains co-circulating in africa. | rotavirus virus-like particles (rv-vlps) are potential alternative non-live vaccine candidates due to their high immunogenicity. they mimic the natural conformation of native viral proteins but cannot replicate because they do not contain genomic material which makes them safe. to date, most rv-vlps have been derived from cell culture adapted strains or common g1 and g3 rotaviruses that have been circulating in communities for some time. in this study, chimaeric rv-vlps were generated from the c ... | 2014 | 25268783 |
| transepithelial transport of salicylate by the malpighian tubules of insects from different orders. | the organic anion salicylate is a plant secondary metabolite that protects plants against phytophagous insects. in this study, a combination of salicylate-selective microelectrodes and a radioisotope tracer technique was used to study the transepithelial transport of salicylate by the malpighian tubules of 10 species of insects from five orders. our results show that salicylate is transported into the lumen of the malpighian tubules in all the species evaluated, except rhodnius prolixus. the tra ... | 2007 | 17640663 |
| in vivo and in vitro activity of venom from the endoparasitic wasp pimpla turionellae (l.) (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae). | the biological activity of venom from pimpla turionellae l. (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae) was examined in vivo toward larvae and pupae of galleriae mellonella l. (lepidoptera: pyralidae), and in vitro toward bacterial and fungal cultures, as well as cultured insect cells. pupae of g. mellonella were far more susceptible to the venom than larvae. at low doses of venom [0.1 venom reservoir equivalents (vre)], pupal abdominal mobility was inhibited within 30 min, and by 24 h, all pupae injected with ... | 2006 | 16416450 |
| transposition of the piggybac element in embryos of drosophila melanogaster, aedes aegypti and trichoplusia ni. | the lepidopteran transposable element piggybac is being recognized as a useful vector for genetic engineering in a variety of insect species. this transposon can mediate transformation in the dipteran species ceratitis capitata, and can potentially serve as a versatile vector for transformation of a wide variety of insect species. using a plasmid-based interplasmid transposition assay, we have demonstrated that this transposon, of the short inverted terminal repeat type, is capable of transposit ... | 1999 | 10394918 |
| effect of polyene macrolide antibiotics on invertebrate tissue culture cells. | the effect of amphotericin b (ab) and amphotericin b methyl ester (ame) on viability and dna synthesis in three insect cell lines, trichoplusia ni (tn) carpocapsa pomonella 169 (cp) and aedes aegypti (aa), has been evaluated. in all cases ame was less toxic than ab and inhibited dna synthesis to a lesser degree than ab. however, the three cell lines differed in their response to the two polyene macrolide antibiotic preparations. tn and aa cell responded in a similar manner when exposed to either ... | 1977 | 863791 |
| chemical constituents of the aerial part of derris elliptica. | a new coumaronochromone, 6,4'-dihydroxy-7,5' -dimethoxy-coumaronochromone (1), together with eleven known flavonoids (2-12) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial part of derris elliptica. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. compounds 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 exhibited moderate insecticidal activities against larvae of aedes albopictus. all compounds showed strong cytotoxic activities against spodoptera litura (sl) and trichoplusia ni bti-tn-5b1-4 (hi-5 ... | 2012 | 22414317 |
| rotavirus a-specific single-domain antibodies produced in baculovirus-infected insect larvae are protective in vivo. | single-domain antibodies (sdabs), also known as nanobodies or vhhs, are characterized by high stability and solubility, thus maintaining the affinity and therapeutic value provided by conventional antibodies. given these properties, vhhs offer a novel alternative to classical antibody approaches. to date, vhhs have been produced mainly in e. coli, yeast, plants and mammalian cells. to apply the single-domain antibodies as a preventive or therapeutic strategy to control rotavirus infections in de ... | 2012 | 22953695 |
| dhilirolides e-n, meroterpenoids produced in culture by the fungus penicillium purpurogenum collected in sri lanka: structure elucidation, stable isotope feeding studies, and insecticidal activity. | extracts of laboratory cultures of the fungus penicilium purpurogenum obtained from rotting fruit of the tree averrhoa bilimbi growing in sri lanka have yielded 10 new meroterpenoids, dhilirolides e-n (5-14). the structures of the new dhilirolides have been elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and a single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis of dhilirolide l (12). dhilirolides a-n (1-14) represent the four unprecedented and rearranged dhilirane, isodhilirane, 14,15-dinordhilirane, and 23, ... | 2014 | 24684453 |
| biodegradation of 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene by selected strains of pseudomonas putida. | dialkoxybenzenes constitute a class of organic compounds with anti feeding and oviposition effects on the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni. among them, 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene has the highest feeding deterrence activity and potential for development as commercial insect control agent. to develop this compound, its fate in the environment needs to be studied. the fate of organic compounds in the environment depends on their biodegradability in the soil. we present results of laboratory biodegr ... | 2014 | 23588837 |
| dietary regulation of serine proteinases that are resistant to serine proteinase inhibitors. | ingestion of kunitz soybean trypsin inhibitor (sti) by larval helicoverpa zea, agrotis ipsilon, and trichoplusia ni extended the retention time of food in the digestive tract and increased the level of activity of proteolytic enzymes that were not susceptible to inhibition by sti. the level of enhancement of activity of sti-resistant (sti-r) enzyme(s) was directly influenced by the dosage and timing of exposure to sti. however, not all proteinase inhibitors (pis) enhanced the level of proteinase ... | 1997 | 12770497 |
| dihydroisodrin hydroxylation as an indicator of monooxygenase capability of black cutworm agrotis ypsilon and cabbage looper trichoplusia ni larvae. | | 1976 | 6209 |
| characterization of a single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus of thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) from indonesia. | a single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) isolated from thysanoplusia orichalcea l. (lepidoptera:noctuidae) (thornpv) in indonesia has tetrahedral occlusion bodies (obs) with a width of 1. 22 microm (range = 0.803-1.931 microm). the length of the virion with an envelope averaged 0.29 and 0.23 microm without an envelope. thornpv was propagated in pseudoplusia includens (walker) and its authenticity was confirmed by sequence analysis of the polyhedrin gene of the thornpv produced in t. oric ... | 2000 | 10843835 |
| detoxification of isothiocyanate allelochemicals by glutathione transferase in three lepidopterous species. | glutathione transferase activity towards various plant isothiocyanates was studied in larvae of the two generalists, fall armyworm [spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith)], and cabbage looper [trichoplusia ni (hübner)], and the specialist, velvetbean caterpillar (anticarsia gemmatalis hübner) using the midgut soluble fraction as enzyme source. the generalists, but not the specialist, are adapted to feeding on isothiocyanate-containing crucifers. allyl and benzyl isothiocyanate were found to be metab ... | 1988 | 24276210 |
| flux control in a defense pathway in arabidopsis thaliana is robust to environmental perturbations and controls variation in adaptive traits. | the connections leading from genotype to fitness are not well understood, yet they are crucial for a diverse set of disciplines. uncovering the general properties of biochemical pathways that influence ecologically important traits is an effective way to understand these connections. enzyme flux control (or, control over pathway output) is one such pathway property. the flux-controlling enzyme in the antiherbivory aliphatic glucosinolate pathway of arabidopsis thaliana has majority flux control ... | 2015 | 26362766 |
| fluorescence reports intact quantum dot uptake into roots and translocation to leaves of arabidopsis thaliana and subsequent ingestion by insect herbivores. | we explored the impact of quantum dot (qd) coat characteristics on np stability, uptake, and translocation in arabidopsis thaliana, and subsequent transfer to primary consumers, trichoplusia ni (t. ni). arabidopsis was exposed to cdse/cdzns qds with three different coatings: poly(acrylic acid-ethylene glycol) (paa-eg), polyethylenimine (pei) and poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)-poly(ethylene glycol) (pmao-peg), which are anionic, cationic, and relatively neutral, respectively. paa-eg-coat ... | 2015 | 25437125 |
| molecular cloning and expression in insect cells of honeybee venom allergen acid phosphatase (api m 3). | acid phosphatase (api m 3) is a major allergen in honeybee (apis mellifera) venom, and its availability as a recombinant protein may facilitate the development of improved diagnostic tests and immunotherapies. | 2006 | 16630944 |
| shifting nicotiana attenuata's diurnal rhythm does not alter its resistance to the specialist herbivore manduca sexta. | arabidopsis thaliana plants are less resistant to attack by the generalist lepidopteran herbivore trichoplusia ni when plants and herbivores are entrained to opposite, versus identical diurnal cycles and tested under constant conditions. this effect is associated with circadian fluctuations in levels of jasmonic acid, the transcription factor myc2, and glucosinolate contents in leaves. we tested whether a similar effect could be observed in a different plant-herbivore system: the wild tobacco ni ... | 2016 | 26699809 |
| host plant-specific remodeling of midgut physiology in the generalist insect herbivore trichoplusia ni. | species diversity in terrestrial ecosystems is influenced by plant defense compounds that alter the behavior, physiology, and host preference of insect herbivores. although it is established that insects evolved the ability to detoxify specific allelochemicals, the mechanisms by which polyphagous insects cope with toxic compounds in diverse host plants are not well understood. here, we used defended and non-defended plant genotypes to study how variation in chemical defense affects midgut respon ... | 2014 | 24727019 |
| elicitation of jasmonate-mediated defense responses by mechanical wounding and insect herbivory. | many plant immune responses to biotic stress are mediated by the wound hormone jasmonate (ja). functional and mechanistic studies of the ja signaling pathway often involve plant manipulations that elicit ja production and subsequent changes in gene expression in local and systemic tissues. here, we describe a simple mechanical wounding procedure to effectively trigger ja responses in the arabidopsis thaliana rosette. for comparison, we also present a plant-insect bioassay to elicit defense respo ... | 2013 | 23615987 |
| circadian control of jasmonates and salicylates: the clock role in plant defense. | plants have evolved robust mechanisms to perceive and respond to diverse environmental stimuli. the plant phytohormones jasmonates and salicylates play key roles in activating biotic stress response pathways. recent findings demonstrate that basal levels of both jasmonates and salicylates in arabidopsis are under the control of the circadian clock and that clock-controlled jasmonate accumulation may underlie clock- and jasmonate-dependent enhanced resistance of arabidopsis to trichoplusia ni (c ... | 2013 | 23299428 |
| metabolism of glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates to glutathione conjugates in generalist lepidopteran herbivores. | the defensive properties of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system in plants of the order brassicales have been attributed to the formation of toxic isothiocyanates generated upon tissue damage. lepidopteran herbivores specialised on brassicaceous plants have been shown to possess biochemical mechanisms preventing the formation of isothiocyanates. yet, no such mechanisms are known for generalist lepidopterans which also occasionally but successfully feed on plants of the brassicales. after feeding ... | 2012 | 22193392 |
| carrageenans, sulphated polysaccharides of red seaweeds, differentially affect arabidopsis thaliana resistance to trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper). | carrageenans are a collective family of linear, sulphated galactans found in a number of commercially important species of marine red alga. these polysaccharides are known to elicit defense responses in plant and animals and possess anti-viral properties. we investigated the effect of foliar application of ι-, κ- and λ-carrageenans (representing various levels of sulphation) on arabidopsis thaliana in resistance to the generalist insect trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) which is known to cause se ... | 2011 | 22046375 |
| an ecological genomic approach challenging the paradigm of differential plant responses to specialist versus generalist insect herbivores. | a general prediction of the specialist/generalist paradigm indicates that plant responses to insect herbivores may depend on the degree of ecological specialization of the insect attacker. however, results from a single greenhouse experiment evaluating the responses of the model plant arabidopsis thaliana to three specialist (plutella xylostella, pieris rapae, and brevicoryne brassicae) and three generalist (trichoplusia ni, spodoptera exigua, and myzus persicae) insect species did not support t ... | 2011 | 21625984 |
| ontogenetic changes in tolerance to herbivory in arabidopsis. | tolerance to herbivory-the ability of plants to maintain fitness despite herbivore damage-is expected to change during the life cycle of plants because the physiological mechanisms underlying tolerance to herbivory are linked to growth, and resource allocation to growth changes throughout ontogeny. we used the model plant arabidopsis thaliana to test two hypotheses: that tolerance increases as plants grow, and that tolerance decreases at the onset of reproduction. we chose three accessions previ ... | 2010 | 20686789 |
| pleiotropic physiological consequences of feedback-insensitive phenylalanine biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | a large proportion of plant carbon flow passes through the shikimate pathway to phenylalanine, which serves as a precursor for numerous secondary metabolites. to identify new regulatory mechanisms affecting phenylalanine metabolism, we isolated arabidopsis thaliana mutants that are resistant to the phytotoxic amino acid m-tyrosine, a structural analog of phenylalanine. map-based cloning identified adt2-1d, a dominant point mutation causing a predicted serine to alanine change in the regulatory d ... | 2010 | 20598094 |
| spatial association of photosynthesis and chemical defense in arabidopsis thaliana following herbivory by trichoplusia ni. | because they share common precursors and require significant amounts of energy, photosynthesis and defense against herbivores and pathogens may be inversely related. this relationship was examined in arabidopsis thaliana exposed to herbivory by trichoplusia ni neonates. the spatial pattern of photosynthesis was compared statistically with that of induction of the defense-related cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (c4h) gene across individual leaves exposed to herbivory in transgenic plants harboring a c4h: ... | 2009 | 19656330 |
| glucosinolate and trichome defenses in a natural arabidopsis lyrata population. | glucosinolates (gs) and trichomes contribute to plant resistance against insect herbivores in the model arabidopsis thaliana. the functional and genetic characteristics of herbivore defense, however, can differ even between closely related species. in a quantitative genetic experiment with the out-crossing perennial arabidopsis lyrata spp. petraea, we measured constitutive gs composition, trichome density, leaf thickness, and plant resistance in four different herbivore interactions. in a single ... | 2006 | 17089185 |
| feeding deterrence of cabbage looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae) by 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, alone and blended with neem extract. | the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is one of the most damaging insect pests of cabbage (brassica oleracea variety capitata) and broccoli (b. oleracea variety italica) in north america. leaf-feeding larvae attack crucifer and vegetable crops in greenhouses and fields. here, we have studied a synthetic feeding deterrent, 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, and a botanical deterrent, neem (an extract from seeds of azadirachta indica a. de jussieu (meliaceae)), in leaf d ... | 2014 | 26470077 |
| the differential effects of herbivory by first and fourth instars of trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on photosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | the effect of different feeding behaviours of 1st and 4th instar trichoplusia ni on photosynthesis of arabidopsis thaliana var. columbia was characterized using spatially resolved measurements of fluorescence and leaf temperature, as well as leaf gas exchange,. first instars made small holes with a large perimeter-to-area ratio and avoided veins, while 4th instars made large holes with a low perimeter-to-area ratio and consumed veins. herbivory by 1st instars reduced photosynthesis more strongly ... | 2006 | 16377737 |
| comparative analysis of quantitative trait loci controlling glucosinolates, myrosinase and insect resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | evolutionary interactions among insect herbivores and plant chemical defenses have generated systems where plant compounds have opposing fitness consequences for host plants, depending on attack by various insect herbivores. this interplay complicates understanding of fitness costs and benefits of plant chemical defenses. we are studying the role of the glucosinolate-myrosinase chemical defense system in protecting arabidopsis thaliana from specialist and generalist insect herbivory. we used two ... | 2002 | 12019246 |
| chemical stimulants of leaf-trenching by cabbage loopers: natural products, neurotransmitters, insecticides, and drugs. | larvae of the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae), often transect leaves with a narrow trench before eating the distal section. the trench reduces larval exposure to exudates, such as latex, during feeding. plant species that do not emit exudate, such as plantago lanceolata, are not trenched. however, if exudate is applied to a looper's mouth during feeding on p. lanceolata, the larva will often stop and cut a trench. dissolved chemicals can be similarly applied and tested f ... | 2003 | 14584674 |
| herbivore damage and prior egg deposition on host plants influence the oviposition of the generalist moth trichoplusia ni (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | female insects have the difficult task of locating host plants that maximize the survival and success of their offspring. in this study, the oviposition preferences of the cabbage looper moth, trichoplusia ni (hübner), for soybean plants, glycine max (l.), under various treatments-undamaged, mechanically damaged, damaged by t. ni or spodoptera frugiperda (smith) larvae or by bemisia tabaci (gennadius) adults, egg-free plants, and plants previously oviposited by conspecific or heterospecific fema ... | 2016 | 27591288 |
| insect detoxifying enzymes: their importance in pesticide synergism and resistance. | pyrethroid esterases of trichoplusia ni, spodoptera littoralis and bemisia tabaci hydrolyze the trans-isomers of various pyrethroids more extensively than the cis-isomers. profenofos fed to t. ni larvae at a level inhibiting the gut pyrethroid esterases by 65% with trans-permethrin and of 95% with cis-cypermethrin increased the toxicity of topically applied trans-permethrin by fourfold and cis-cypermethrin by 20-fold. similar assays with s. littoralis resulted in an increase of about threefold i ... | 1993 | 8431600 |
| a new cell line derived from embryonic tissues of holotrichia parallela (coleoptera:scarabaeidae). | holotrichia parallela is an important agricultural underground insect pest and also an edible and medicinal insect. establishing a new cell line of h. parallela will provide a rapid and convenient tool for the studies on its physiology, pathology, and gene functions. in this study, by using the embryonic tissue of h. parallela as the material, we established a new cell line named hp-e-1. the microscopic observation of its morphological characteristics revealed that its cellular morphology was ma ... | 2016 | 27083164 |
| insect larvae: a new platform to produce commercial recombinant proteins. | in biotechnology, the expression of recombinant proteins is a constantly growing field and different hosts are used for this purpose. some valuable proteins cannot be produced using traditional systems. insects from the order lepidoptera infected with recombinant baculovirus have appeared as a good choice to express high levels of proteins, especially those with post-translational modifications. lepidopteran insects, which are extensively distributed in the world, can be used as small protein fa ... | 2016 | 26956108 |
| bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus actin rearrangement-inducing factor 1 enhances systemic infection in b. mori larvae. | the actin rearrangement-inducing factor 1 (arif-1) gene is a baculoviral early gene conserved in most alphabaculoviruses. previous studies reported that autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus arif-1 protein induces filamentous actin concentration on the plasma membrane during the early stage of infection in trichoplusia ni tn-368 cells, but its role in larval infection remains unknown. in this study, we performed behavioural screening using bombyx mori larvae infected with bombyx mori nucle ... | 2015 | 25809914 |
| host plant resistance in romaine lettuce affects feeding behavior and biology of trichoplusia ni and spodoptera exigua (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | lettuce quality and yield can be reduced by feeding of several lepidopterous pests, particularly cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), and beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). host plant resistance to these insects is an environmentally sound adjunct to conventional chemical control. in this study we compared the survival, development, and feeding behavior of cabbage looper and beet armyworm on two romaine lettuce cultivars, resistant 'valmaine' and susceptible ... | 2006 | 17195688 |
| an elicitor in caterpillar oral secretions that induces corn seedlings to emit chemical signals attractive to parasitic wasps. | regurgitate of corn-fed beet armyworm (baw) caterpillars,spodoptera exigua, when applied to damaged sites of corn (zea mays) seedlings, causes the release of relatively large amounts of terpenes by the seedlings several hours later. this plant response could be induced by merely placing the cut stem of seedlings in a solution of baw regurgitate for 12 hr, a response that could not be induced by placing seedlings in water only. regurgitate of baw fed various diets, including a minimal diet of fil ... | 1993 | 24248945 |
| disruption of spodoptera exigua larval development by silencing chitin synthase gene a with rna interference. | rna interference (rnai) is a powerful tool for rapidly analyzing gene functions. however, little is known about the possible use of dsrna/sirna as a pest control method. here, we demonstrate that dsrna/sirna can induce the silence of chitin synthase gene a (chsa), which is an important gene for the growth and development of cuticles and trachea in beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. based on the in vitro rnai experiments in an insect cell line (trichoplusia ni high 5), in vivo rnai was performed b ... | 2008 | 18662430 |
| a novel lebocin-like gene from eri-silkworm, samia cynthia ricini, that does not encode the antibacterial peptide lebocin. | a cdna clone with homology to lebocin gene was isolated from fat body of immunized samia cynthia ricini larvae. the cdna has an open reading frame encoding 162 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence shows significant homology to lebocin precursor proteins from bombyx mori and trichoplusia ni only in the "prosegment" region, but no homology to mature lebocin, a proline-rich antibacterial peptide, indicating the protein is not a precursor for lebocin antibacterial peptide. northern a ... | 2005 | 15621517 |
| genetic analysis of the xenobiotic resistance-associated abc gene subfamilies of the lepidoptera. | some atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters of subfamilies b, c and g confer resistance to xenobiotics including insecticides. we identified genes of these subfamilies expressed by the lepidopterans trichoplusia ni and bombyx mori. the b. mori genome includes eight, six and 13 abc-b, -c and -g genes, respectively, which encode p-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance protein, mrp, and breast cancer resistance protein, bcrp, homologues. among the abc-c and -g subfamilies, gene duplication contribute ... | 2011 | 21199020 |
| expression of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus orf76 in permissive and non-permissive cell lines by a novel bac-to-bac/bmnpv baculovirus expression system. | open reading frame 76 of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (bmnpv), designated as bm76, is a gene whose function is completely unknown. with egfp fused to the 3' terminal of bm76 as the reporter gene and bmnpv bacmid as the expression vector, a recombinant bacmid was successfully constructed expressing bm76-egfp fusion protein under the control of polyhedrin promoter in bombyx mori cells (bm cells), bmnpv's permissive cell line, laying the foundation for rescue experiment of bm76 deletion mutant. ... | 2008 | 19275039 |
| a baculovirus isolated from wild silkworm encompasses the host ranges of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus and autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in cultured cells. | a baculovirus, named bomanpv s2, was isolated from a diseased larva of the wild silkworm, bombyx mandarina. notably, bomanpv s2 exhibited a distinguishing feature in that its host range covered that of both bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) and autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) in cultured cells. it could replicate in cells of b. mori (bm5 and bmn), spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) and trichoplusia ni (tn-5b1-4). however, occlusion-derived virions of bomanpv s2 ... | 2012 | 22855783 |
| trichoplusia ni lebocin, an inducible immune gene with a downstream insertion element. | a cdna clone encoding a lebocin-like protein was obtained from the cabbage looper trichoplusia ni by using differential display pcr. northern blot analysis showed that lebocin gene expression was inducible upon bacterial challenge. transcripts were mainly found in fat body but were also observed in hemocytes. expression reached its highest level at 20 h and continued at least until 60 h after bacterial injection. the deduced protein is proline-rich and contains 143 amino acid residues. at positi ... | 2000 | 10720496 |
| germline transformation of the silkworm bombyx mori l. using a piggybac transposon-derived vector. | we have developed a system for stable germline transformation in the silkworm bombyx mori l. using piggybac, a transposon discovered in the lepidopteran trichoplusia ni. the transformation constructs consist of the piggybac inverted terminal repeats flanking a fusion of the b. mori cytoplasmic actin gene bma3 promoter and the green fluorescent protein (gfp). a nonautonomous helper plasmid encodes the piggybac transposase. the reporter gene construct was coinjected into preblastoderm eggs of two ... | 2000 | 10625397 |
| cdna cloning of acyl-coa desaturase homologs in the silkworm, bombyx mori. | we have isolated two acyl-coa desaturase clones from a pheromone gland cdna library by using the est (expressed sequence tag) database of bombyx mori. the putative acyl-coa desaturases encoded by the clones desat 1 (2029bp) and desat 2 (2341bp) have 98% identity, and both proteins show 61% identities to trichoplusia ni acyl-coa delta(11) desaturase. the deduced amino acid sequences conserve well the histidine clusters that are catalytically essential for acyl-coa desaturase activity. northern bl ... | 2000 | 10767556 |
| does the response of insect herbivores to cadmium depend on their feeding strategy? | phytoremediation has been proposed for the elimination of toxic metals in soil, yet little attention has been given to the performance of insects that feed on contaminant-tolerant plants. we tested the performance of two herbivores with different feeding behaviors, the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, and the green peach aphid, myzus persicae, reared on cadmium-tolerant brassica juncea plants that contained different concentrations of cadmium. we also tested the performance of the aphid parasito ... | 2013 | 23525953 |
| increased resistance to a generalist herbivore in a salinity-stressed non-halophytic plant. | plants often grow under the combined stress of several factors. salinity and herbivory, separately, can severely hinder plant growth and reproduction, but the combined effects of both factors are still not clearly understood. salinity is known to reduce plant tissue nitrogen content and growth rates. since herbivores prefer tissues with high n content, and biochemical pathways leading to resistance are commonly elicited by salt-stress, we hypothesized that plants growing in saline conditions wou ... | 2016 | 27169610 |
| effects of trophic level and metamorphosis on discrimination of hydrogen isotopes in a plant-herbivore system. | the use of stable isotopes in ecological studies requires that we know the magnitude of discrimination factors between consumer and element sources. the causes of variation in discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen have been relatively well studied. in contrast, the discrimination factors for hydrogen have rarely been measured. we grew cabbage looper caterpillars (trichoplusia ni) on cabbage (brassica oleracea) plants irrigated with four treatments of deuterium-enriched water (δd = -131, ... | 2012 | 22470423 |
| the arabidopsis epithiospecifier protein promotes the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to nitriles and influences trichoplusia ni herbivory. | glucosinolates are anionic thioglucosides that have become one of the most frequently studied groups of defensive metabolites in plants. when tissue damage occurs, the thioglucoside linkage is hydrolyzed by enzymes known as myrosinases, resulting in the formation of a variety of products that are active against herbivores and pathogens. in an effort to learn more about the molecular genetic and biochemical regulation of glucosinolate hydrolysis product formation, we analyzed leaf samples of 122 ... | 2001 | 11752388 |
| evaluation of action thresholds and spinosad for lepidopteran pest management in minnesota cabbage. | action thresholds, based on the percentage of plants infested, for the lepidopteran pest complex in fresh-market cabbage brassica oleracea variety capitata were evaluated in 1996 and 1997 in southern minnesota. three lepidopteran pests are common in minnesota, including the imported cabbageworm, pieris (=artogeia) rapae (l.), diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), and the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner). most of the thresholds tested included all three pests. however, because t. ni ... | 2001 | 11233112 |
| bottom-up mechanisms generate the same temporal pattern of attack by a specialist and a generalist caterpillar on short-lived plants. | the local population dynamics of insect herbivores in ephemeral patches of short-lived plants are poorly known. we investigated whether a specialist and a generalist caterpillar exhibit contrasting temporal patterns of attack during plant development and also assessed bottom-up forces related to plant ontogeny that govern such population trends. immature stages of the polyphagous trichoplusia ni (hübner) and the oligophagous plutella xylostella (l.) were sampled throughout the development of cab ... | 2016 | 27106819 |
| tuning cell cycle of insect cells for enhanced protein production. | the eukaryotic cell cycle consists of many checkpoints during which certain conditions must be met before passing to subsequent stages. these safeguards ensure cells' integrity and survival, but may also limit growth and protein synthesis in protein production processes. in this work, we employ metabolic engineering principles to "tune" the cell cycle to overcome checkpoint processes in order to facilitate faster cell growth, and independently, arrest the cell cycle in gap1 (g1) phase for greate ... | 2013 | 23973808 |
| herbivore-induced plant volatiles accurately predict history of coexistence, diet breadth, and feeding mode of herbivores. | herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) serve as specific cues to higher trophic levels. novel, exotic herbivores entering native foodwebs may disrupt the infochemical network as a result of changes in hipv profiles. here, we analysed hipv blends of native brassica rapa plants infested with one of 10 herbivore species with different coexistence histories, diet breadths and feeding modes. partial least squares (pls) models were fitted to assess whether hipv blends emitted by dutch b. rapa diffe ... | 2017 | 28134434 |
| metabolism of citral, the major constituent of lemongrass oil, in the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni, and effects of enzyme inhibitors on toxicity and metabolism. | although screening for new and reliable sources of botanical insecticides remains important, finding ways to improve the efficacy of those already in use through better understanding of their modes-of-action or metabolic pathways, or by improving formulations, deserves greater attention as the latter may present lesser regulation hurdles. metabolic processing of citral (a combination of the stereoisomers geranial and neral), a main constituent of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) essential oil ha ... | 2016 | 27742357 |
| genetic variation and relationships of constitutive and herbivore-induced glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, and herbivore resistance in brassica rapa. | we examined genetic variation in inducibility and in constitutive and herbivore-induced levels of glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, and resistance to herbivory in families of brassica rapa originating from a wild population. we also examined phenotypic and genetic correlations among absolute levels of these traits in control and induced plants. we grew seedlings of 10 half-sib families in pairs in pots, and exposed one plant per pair to folivory by trichoplusia ni larvae. two days later, we sa ... | 2003 | 12737259 |
| identification and sequence analyses of the granulin gene of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the granulin gene of choristoneura fumiferana granulovirus (cfgv) was determined. the gene encodes a protein of 248 amino acids with a predicted mr of 29.299 kda. the granulin genes of trichoplusia ni, pieris brassicae and cryptophlebia leucotreta granuloviruses showed homologies ranging from 76.7-80.5% for nucleotide sequences and 84.2-88.3% for amino acid sequences when compared to cfgv. the secondary structure of cfgv granulin protein, including the hydrophilic (pol ... | 1997 | 9672620 |