Publications

ectoparasites (sucking lice, fleas and ticks) of small mammals in southeastern kenya.	during 1998-2000, at least 14 species (n = 309) of small mammals were live-trapped and examined for ectoparasites in moist forests of the taita and shimba hills and drier savannah habitats of nguruman, southeastern kenya. ectoparasites were recorded from 11 species of mammals. five species of sucking lice [hoplopleura inexpectans johnson, h. intermedia kellogg & ferris, polyplax reclinata (nitzsch), p. waterstoni bedford and schizophthirus graphiuri ferris], six species of fleas (ctenophthalmus ...	2009	19941604
whartonacarus floridensis sp. nov. (acari: trombiculidae), with a taxonomic review and the first record of whartonacarus chiggers in the continental united states.	among several unusual species collected during surveillance of ectoparasites on wildlife hosts in the southeastern united states and caribbean region, the larvae of a new species of whartonacarus were encountered in 2003 on a cattle egret, bubulcus ibis (l.), in the florida keys. this is the first record for a member of whartonacarus in the continental united states. the mite is described and named as whartonacarus floridensis mertins, and the possible significance of this discovery with respect ...	2009	19960669
effects of photoperiod on reproduction, nymphal developmental timing, and diapause in amblyomma maculatum (acari: ixodidae).	female engorgement weight, oviposition, and molting times of larvae and nymphs of amblyomma maculatum koch (acari: ixodidae) were studied at various photoperiods under constant humidity and temperature in the laboratory. ticks were held at photoperiods of 0:24, 10:14, 12:12, or 14:10 (l:d) h from egg through unfed nymphal stage and then at either the same or a different regime from fed nymphs to adults. no significant effects were observed on oviposition, female engorgement weights, survival, or ...	2009	19960673
influence of photoperiod and temperature on the larval behavioral diapause of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae).	larval behavioral diapause was shown to be the major factor controlling the 1-yr generation pattern of amblyomma cajennense (f.) (acari: ixodidae) in brazil. during fieldwork, this behavior was shown to coincide with long daylength (>12 h) and high mean ground temperature (approximately =25 degrees c), which prevail during spring-summer in brazil. the current study evaluated biological parameters of engorged females, their eggs, and the resultant larvae inside plastic pots planted with the grass ...	2009	19960674
strains of ehrlichia chaffeensis in southern indiana, kentucky, mississippi, and north carolina.	rates of infection of amblyomma americanum (l.) by ehrlichia chaffeensis were compared in 100 ticks collected from sites in each of four states: indiana, north carolina, kentucky, and mississippi. the overall infection rates were similar among sites, ranging from 1 to 4%. because pathogenic differences may exist between e. chaffeensis strains, nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the variable-length pcr target (vlpt), and sequencing of the amplicons were performed to different ...	2009	19960699
surveys for ectoparasites on wildlife associated with amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae)-infested livestock in st. croix, u.s. virgin islands.	surveys in 2001, 2005, and 2006 attempted to determine the role of wildlife in maintenance and dissemination of the tropical bont tick, amblyomma variegatum (f.) (acari: ixodidae), in st. croix, u.s. virgin islands. small mammals; birds; white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmermann); and feral cattle, bos taurus l., were examined at nine premises, in mountainous rain forest, and in surrounding areas in western st. croix, an area including and central to all known bont tick-infested prem ...	2009	19960701
salivary gland degeneration and vitellogenesis in the ixodid tick amblyomma hebraeum: surpassing a critical weight is the prerequisite and detachment from the host is the trigger.	the normal engorged body weight of female ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) is about 100x the unfed weight. virgin female amblyomma hebraeum normally do not feed beyond 10x the unfed weight. however, about 10-20% of a population of virgins will feed to perhaps 20x the unfed weight, but not much beyond that. in a. hebraeum, when females surpass about 10x the unfed weight, the following changes in physiology occur if they are removed from the host: (a) they will not reattach if given the opportunity, ...	2009	19555693
rickettsial infection in amblyomma nodosum ticks (acari: ixodidae) from brazil.	the rickettsial infections in 174 amblyomma nodosum found on passeriform birds in the atlantic forest, eastern brazil, have recently been evaluated. rickettsiae were successfully isolated from two ticks, using cultures of vero cells. both isolates were molecularly characterised, using the rickettsial genes glta and htra and, when possible, also ompa and ompb. portions of the glta and htra genes from one of the rickettsial isolates were found be closely match the corresponding genbank sequences f ...	2009	19583912
babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of são paulo state, brazil.	the status of babesia spp. infection in dogs from rural areas of são paulo state, brazil was studied. for this, 150 animals were examined by blood smears and by pcr; the presence of tick infestation was also investigated. by the blood smear examination, 3 animals (2%) were detected positive and by pcr for babesia spp. 12 (8%) were positive, with bands visualized in 450 bp. rhipicephalus sanguineus or amblyomma spp. were found on 36 (24%) of the 150 dogs. amblyomma species found were a. cajennens ...	2009	19602312
[occurrence of ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the municipality of goiatins, tocantins].	due to a suspected human case of brazilian lyme-like disease in the city of goiatins, tocantins state, an epidemiological survey was carried out in eight counties in this region during september 2007 and february 2008, where 1,890 ticks were collected from domestic animals and from the environment. a total of eight tick species were identified: rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, amblyomma ovale, ambl ...	2009	19602318
noncompetitive inhibitor of thrombin.		2009	19644995
detection and identification of rickettsial agents in ticks from domestic mammals in eastern panama.	several outbreaks of rocky mountain spotted fever have occurred in recent years in colombian communities close to the border with panama. however, little is known about rickettsiae and rickettsial diseases in eastern panamanian provinces, the darien province and the kuna yala, located north of the endemic area in colombia. in 2007, 289 ticks were collected in several towns from dogs, horses, mules, cows, and pigs. dna was extracted from 124 dermacentor nitens, 64 rhipicephalus sanguineus, 43 amb ...	2009	19645289
evidence for the presence of francisella and spotted fever group rickettsia dna in the tick amblyomma fimbriatum (acari: ixodidae), northern territory, australia.	ticks (n = 252) were collected from five wild-caught reptile species during routine trapping in the djukbinj national park and fogg dam reserve, northern territory, australia. pooling of ticks (one to four ticks per pool), according to sex or host animal, resulted in 187 samples used for screening for the presence of rickettsia species via molecular methods. rickettsia dna was detected via the amplification of the glta, ompa, and ompb genes in 57 (34%) of the 187 tick samples, all of which conta ...	2009	19645299
new approaches to detection and identification of rickettsia africae and ehrlichia ruminantium in amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) ticks from the caribbean.	imported from africa in the 1700s and despite frequent modern eradication efforts, amblyomma variegatum (f.) spread through the caribbean by cattle transport, small ruminants, and migrating birds. a. variegatum is a vector for rickettsia africae, the causative agent of african tick bite fever, and ehrlichia ruminantium, the causative agent of heartwater. we examined 95 a. variegatum and six rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) collected from cattle at an abattoir in antigua. engorged ...	2009	19645301
community-based prevention of lyme disease and other tick-borne diseases through topical application of acaricide to white-tailed deer: background and rationale.	this series of articles describes the first large-scale experiment designed to explore the efficacy of reducing the risk of tick-borne disease in highly endemic communities of the northeastern and mid-atlantic united states through deployment of a self-application device that treats white-tailed deer with acaricide to prevent feeding by adult ixodes scapularis ticks and all stages of amblyomma americanum ticks where both species occur. the results of the multicenter study are reported in the acc ...	2009	19650729
effectiveness of the 4-poster passive topical treatment device in the control of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in new jersey.	twenty-five "4-poster" feeders were placed throughout a 5.2 km(2) study area within a secured military facility situated in a hyperendemic area for lyme disease in central monmouth county, new jersey. calculated levels of control, relative to untreated areas, peaked at 82.7%, 77.3%, and 94.2% for of host-seeking ixodes scapularis say larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively, within 5 years of deployment. control of host-seeking amblyomma americanum (l.) peaked at 99.2%, 89.5%, and 96.9% for larv ...	2009	19650733
the impact of 4-poster deer self-treatment devices at three locations in maryland.	from 1998-2002 twenty-five deer self-treatment devices (4-posters), using 2% amitraz, were operated at three locations in maryland to determine their effectiveness in controlling blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say, and lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.). each treatment site was approximately 518 ha and paired with a similar site lacking 4-posters. locations varied in deer density, tick abundance, and land use. flagging for host-seeking ticks showed declines in tick populations at a ...	2009	19650735
sustained control of gibson island, maryland, populations of ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) by community-administered 4-poster deer self-treatment bait stations.	in 1998, twenty-five 4-poster deer treatment bait stations were deployed on gibson island (gi), maryland, as part of the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) northeast area-wide tick control project. treatments concluded in june 2002, having achieved 80% and 99.5% control of blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis, and lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum, respectively. no area-wide tick control was attempted again on the island until 2003, when 15 dandux-manufactured 4-posters were purchased by ...	2009	19650736
the united states department of agriculture's northeast area-wide tick control project: summary and conclusions.	from 1997 to 2002, the u.s. department of agriculture's northeast area-wide tick control project used acaricide-treated 4-poster deer treatment bait stations in five eastern states to control ticks feeding on white-tailed deer. the objectives of this host-targeted technology were to reduce free-living blacklegged (ixodes scapularis say) and lone star (amblyomma americanum [l.]) tick populations and thereby to reduce the risk of tick-borne disease. during 2002 to 2004, treatments were suspended, ...	2009	19650739
cloning and characterization of rhipicephalus appendiculatus voraxinalpha and its effect as anti-tick vaccine.	male tick-derived voraxinalpha and voraxinbeta, a pair of testicular proteins, are transferred to female via copulation to stimulate female blood feeding in the tick amblyomma hebraeum (a. hebraeum). immunized animals with recombinant (r-)voraxinalpha and voraxinbeta have been shown as highly resistant to the tick infestation. in this study, we describe the cloning and characterization of voraxinalpha homologue from the tick rhipicephalus appendiculatus (r. appendiculatus), the major vector for ...	2009	19665610
current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis.	anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are emerging tick-borne pathogens and are the causative agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and e. ewingii ehrlichiosis, respectively. collectively, these are referred to as human ehrlichioses. these obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of the family anaplasmataceae are transmitted by ixodes spp. or amblyomma americanum ticks and infect peripherally circulating leukocytes to cause inf ...	2009	19681699
ehrlichia chaffeensis infections in drosophila melanogaster.	ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligate, intracellular bacterium, transmitted by the tick amblyomma americanum, and is the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis infections. we previously demonstrated that e. chaffeensis is capable of growing in drosophila s2 cells. therefore, we tested the hypothesis that e. chaffeensis can infect adult drosophila melanogaster. adult drosophila organisms were experimentally challenged with intra-abdominal injections of bacteria. ehrlichia-infected flies s ...	2009	19687202
influence of prescribed burns on the abundance of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in the missouri ozarks.	the increasingly widespread use of prescribed burns to manage oak (quercus spp.)-hickory (carya spp.) forests in the missouri ozarks, usa, has considerable potential to alter the abundance of amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae), the lone star tick, an important vector of several emerging pathogens. in particular, responses of important tick hosts, primarily white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), to fire management and the resultant changes in the distribution and abundance of a. ame ...	2009	19769033
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting birds in an atlantic rain forest region of brazil.	brazil has the third richest bird diversity of the world; however, there are few data concerning ticks (acari: ixodidae) parazitizing birds. the aim of the study was to report tick infestations on wild birds from an atlantic rain forest region of brazil. during 2 yr, ticks were collected from birds and from the environment in 12 forest sites. a total of 1,725 birds were captured representing 80 species from 24 families. in total, 223 (13%) birds were found infested by immature stages of amblyomm ...	2009	19769058
sensitivity of host-seeking nymphal lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae) to immersion in heated water.	host-seeking nymphal amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) were placed into heated water, and their survival or their torpidity was recorded as a function of exposure time. exposures were determined that either kill the nymphs or affect their mobility. all nymphs died when exposed for a minute or more to a temperature > 51 degrees c. nearly all nymphs remained motionless for a period of time when exposed for 3 min to a temperature > 44 degrees c.	2009	19769061
morphological description of amblyomma brasiliense aragão, 1908 (acari: ixodidae) larvae and nymphs.	the immature stages of neotropical ticks are poorly known and in many cases have not been described. tis work presents a morphological description of amblyomma brasiliense larvae (f1) and a redescription of nymphs (f1). a. brasiliense is reported as one of the most aggressive ticks to humans in brazil. immature ticks obtained from a laboratory colony initiated from adult specimens collected in the parque estadual intervales (24 degrees 18 degrees s and 48 degrees 24' w), são paulo, brazil, were ...	2009	19772770
ticks on domestic animals in pernambuco, northeastern brazil.	the objective of this article was to discuss some aspects of ticks associated with domestic animals in the state of pernambuco, northeastern brazil, based on a literature review and present new data obtained from recent tick collections carried out in this northeastern brazilian state. from august 2007 to june 2008, 1,405 ticks were collected and five species were identified: amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787), amblyomma ovale koch, 1844, dermacentor nitens neumann, 1897, rhipicephalus (boop ...	2009	19772771
ectoparasite infestation on rural dogs in the municipality of são vicente férrer, pernambuco, northeastern brazil.	this article presents the results of a study on ectoparasites infesting rural dogs in pernambuco, northeastern brazil. forty-one dogs from a rural community of pernambuco were examined and 70.7% were infested by ectoparasites. the prevalence rates of infestation by ticks, fleas, and lice were 58.5, 43.9 and 22%, respectively. of 24 dogs parasitized by ticks, 15 were exclusively infested by rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (32 females, 66 males, 9 nymphs; prevalence, 48.8%; mean intensity, 5. ...	2009	19772781
anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis - maine, 2008.	anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are rickettsial tickborne diseases that have had at least a twofold increase in prevalence in the united states since 2000. despite similar clinical presentations, the causative organisms are carried by different ticks with distinct geographic and ecologic associations. surveillance efforts are complicated by ambiguous terminology and serologic testing with antibody cross-reactivity. although anaplasmosis historically has been reported in maine, ehrlichiosis has bee ...	2009	19779398
alternate pathway of infection with hepatozoon americanum and the epidemiologic importance of predation.	the range of american canine hepatozoonosis (ach) is expanding from the southern usa northward. transmission of hepatozoon americanum occurs by ingestion of infected gulf coast ticks, amblyomma maculatum. the source of the protozoan for the tick remains undetermined; infected dogs are unusual hosts for the tick.	2009	19709355
development of the immature stages of amblyomma lepidum (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions.	according to this study, the effect of seasonality on the development of larvae and nymphs of amblyomma lepidum was highly significant (p< or =0.001). the moulting of larvae was only possible in the rainy season, where means of 76.8 and 73.1% were recorded in the first and the second year, respectively. nymphs, in the same period, achieved 68.8 and 71.8% moult. in winter, only 11.8 and 12.2% of nymphs succeeded to moult in the first and the second year, respectively. males outnumbered females, b ...	2009	19709816
detection of theileria parva antibodies in the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in the livestock-wildlife interface areas of zambia.	a serolocigical survey was conducted for the detection of theileria parva antibodies in 176 african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) sampled between 1996 and 2005 in livestock-wildlife interface areas of zambia. rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus species, and amblyomma variegatum were the most abundant tick species identified on buffaloes. t. parva sero-positives were reported in buffaloes sampled from game management areas at mlanga and nanzhila bordering the kafue national parks and in the ...	2009	19733007
efficacy of a topical ectoparasiticide containing dinotefuran, pyriproxyfen, and permethrin against amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) and amblyomma maculatum (gulf coast tick) on dogs.	amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) and amblyomma maculatum (gulf coast tick) are important disease vectors for both dogs and humans. this article describes two studies conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a new topical spot-on ectoparasiticide containing dinotefuran, permethrin, and pyriproxyfen (vectra 3d, summit vetpharm) against a. maculatum and a. americanum in dogs. dogs were treated on day 0 and infested on days -1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 with approximately 40 ticks each day. live tick coun ...	2009	19742444
rickettsia parkeri in amblyomma americanum ticks, tennessee and georgia, usa.	to determine the geographic distribution of the newly recognized human pathogen rickettsia parkeri, we looked for this organism in ticks from tennessee and georgia, usa. using pcr and sequence analysis, we identified r. parkeri in 2 amblyomma americanum ticks. this rickettsiosis may be underdiagnosed in the eastern united states.	2009	19788817
pathogen prevalence and blood meal identification in amblyomma ticks as a means of reservoir host determination for ehrlichial pathogens.		2009	19793129
comparative efficacy of bioud to other commercially available arthropod repellents against the ticks amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis on cotton cloth.	bioud is an arthropod repellent that contains the active ingredient 2-undecanone originally derived from wild tomato plants. repellency of bioud was compared with five commercially available arthropod repellents against the ticks amblyomma americanum (l.) and dermacentor variabilis say in two-choice bioassays on treated versus untreated cotton cheesecloth. overall mean percentage repellency against both species was greatest for and did not differ significantly between bioud (7.75% 2-undecanone) ...	2009	19815887
a redescription of haemogregarina fitzsimonsi dias, 1953 and some comments on haemogregarina parvula dias, 1953 (adeleorina: haemogregarinidae) from southern african tortoises (cryptodira: testudinidae), with new host data and distribution records.	blood films were examined from 154 wild and captive tortoises from four provinces of south africa, including gauteng, kwazulu-natal, north west and western cape. the five species ofchelonians studied were chersina angulata (schweigger), kinixys belliana belliana (gray), k. lobatsiana power, k. natalensis hewitt, and stigmochelys pardalis (bell). two species of haemogregarines, previously reported from mozambique, were identified in blood films, namely haemogregarina fitzsimonsi dias, 1953 and ha ...	2009	19827360
ectoparasite fauna of rodents and shrews from four habitats in kuala lumpur and the states of selangor and negeri sembilan, malaysia and its public health significance.	a total of 204 rodents comprising 14 host species from four different habitats were examined. nine rodent species were trapped from the forest and another five species were trapped from the coastal, rice field and urban habitats. rattus rattus diardii (67%) was the predominant rodent species examined. fifty six (47.3%) rodents and shrews were found to be infested with at least one of the 20 species of ectoparasite recovered. mites belonging to the family trombiculidae were the predominant ectopa ...	2009	20237444
ticks collected from birds in the northern provinces of south africa, 2004-2006.	approximately 3000 birds, mainly passerines, caught in mist nets in the northern provinces of south africa, were examined for ticks. a total of 178 ticks, belonging to 14 species, were recovered from 83 birds of 43 different species. hyalomma rufipes was the most numerous tick, with 26 larvae and 109 nymphs collected, followed by amblyomma marmoreum, with 13 larvae and two nymphs. despite the study being conducted within the distribution range of amblyomma hebraeum, it was not seen on any passer ...	2009	20698437
the comparative prevalence of five ixodid tick species infesting cattle and goats in maputo province, mozambique.	this study compares the prevalence of ixodid tick species on cattle and goats in maputo province. adult ticks as well as the nymphs of three species, and only the adults of two species were collected from sets of five cattle at 21 localities throughout the province and compared with those collected from similar sets of goats at the same places. amblyomma hebraeum adults and/or nymphs were present on cattle and on goats at all 21 localities, and 90 cattle and 22 goats were infested with adult tic ...	2009	20698440
tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in selected cattle herds of matabeleland south, zimbabwe.	a cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in 286 lactating cows and heifers at six properties in the smallholder and commercial sectors in gwanda district of matabeleland south province, zimbabwe. eight tick species were identified: amblyomma hebraeum, hyalomma truncatum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus zambeziensis and rhipicephalus ...	2009	20698443
species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and in a subtropical region of south-east africa.	the species and distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in the eastern region of the eastern cape province, south africa and maputo province, mozambique were determined from collections made from these animals at 72 localities in the former region and 30 in the latter. eleven ixodid and one argasid species were recovered in the eastern cape province and 15 ixodid species in maputo province. the most common ticks infesting cattle and goats in both provinces were amblyomma hebraeum, ...	2009	21105593
[survey of rickettsia spp in the ticks amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum in the state of são paulo].	the presence of rickettsial infection was surveyed in 3,545 amblyomma cajennense ticks and 2,666 amblyomma dubitatum ticks. using the hemolymph test, polymerase chain reaction and isolation of rickettsia in cell cultures, all of the amblyomma cajennense were negative, whereas 634 (23.8%) of the amblyomma dubitatum ticks were shown to be infected with rickettsia bellii.	2009	19684990
ability of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in a lyme disease endemic area of new jersey.	we evaluated the ability of the natural, plant-derived acaricides nootkatone and carvacrol to suppress ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae). aqueous formulations of 1 and 5% nootkatone applied by backpack sprayer to the forest litter layer completely suppressed i. scapularis nymphs through 2 d. thereafter, the level of reduction gradually declined to < or =50% at 28 d postapplication. against a. americanum nymphs, 1% nootkatone was less effective, but at a 5% con ...	2009	20069863
[ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis].	ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are zoonoses caused by bacteria from the family anaplasmataceae, including human and animal pathogens. the human pathogens are ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), anaplasma phagocytophilum, the pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), e. ewingii and neorickettsia sennetsu, granulocytotropic and monocytotropic ehrlichia species, respectively. ehrlichia spp. are small, gram-negative, obligate intracellular b ...	2009	20077398
detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in amblyomma flavomaculatum ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from lizard varanus exanthematicus imported to poland.	adults and nymphs of amblyomma exornatum, a. flavomaculatum, a. latum, amblyomma spp. and hyalomma aegyptium, were collected from savannah monitors, royal python (africa, ghana) and marginated tortoises (europe, greece) imported to poland, in 2004-2007. altogether 345 ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsial agents. none of the tested ticks was positive for the glta gene of rickettsia spp. dna of 16s rrna gene from anaplasma phagocytophilum was amplified and sequenced fro ...	2010	20084536
hosts, distribution and genetic divergence (16s rdna) of amblyomma dubitatum (acari: ixodidae).	we supply information about hosts and distribution of amblyomma dubitatum. in addition, we carry out an analysis of genetic divergence among specimens of a. dubitatum from different localities and with respect to other neotropical amblyomma species, using sequences of 16s rdna gene. although specimens of a. dubitatum were collected on several mammal species as cattle horse, tapirus terrestris, mazama gouazoubira, tayassu pecari, sus scrofa, cerdocyon thous, myocastor coypus, allouata caraya, glo ...	2010	20084537
ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of china.	this paper presents results of an investigation and listing of tick species found in china during a survey in all 28 provinces. this will be a step towards a definitive list of tick species and their distribution. to date, the tick fauna of this area consists of 117 species in the following families: argasidae-argas (7 species), carios (4 species) and ornithodoros (2 species); ixodidae-amblyomma (8 species), anomalohimalaya (2 species), dermacentor (12 species), haemaphysalis (44 species), hyalo ...	2010	20101443
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds in the eastern amazon, northern brazil, with notes on rickettsial infection in ticks.	the aim of the study was to report tick infestations on wild birds in a region of the eastern brazilian amazon and evaluate the rickettsial infection of these ticks. wild birds captured by mist nets were examined for the presence of ticks, which were collected and identified to species by morphology or molecular methods. in addition, part of these ticks was individually tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting portions of the rickettsial genes glta and ompa. among 331 captured birds, repres ...	2010	20140452
performance of a metarhizium anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited trap in reducing amblyomma variegatum populations in the field.	experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales)-treated semiochemical-baited traps for control of amblyomma variegatum fabriscius (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions. unfed a. variegatum adults (118) were seeded in each 100-m plot and allowed to acclimatise for 3 days. on the fourth day (day 4), an emulsifiable formulation of m. anisopliae (consisting of 49.5% sterile distilled water, fungal conidia, 49.5% corn oil a ...	2010	20153931
the international trade in reptiles (reptilia)--the cause of the transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) to poland.	the problem of the unnatural transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) on reptiles (reptilia) imported to poland is presented. in the period from 2003 to 2007, 382 specimens of reptiles belonging to the following genera were investigated: testudo, iguana, varanus, gongylophis, python, spalerosophis, psammophis. the reptiles most infested with ticks are imported to poland from ghana in africa, and are the commonly bred terrarium reptiles: varanus exanthematicus and python regius. as a result of t ...	2010	20153933
biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe.	bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ...	2010	20182535
detection of a new arsenophonus-type bacterium in canadian populations of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni.	ticks of the genus dermacentor are important vectors of human and animal pathogens in north america. they also carry a variety of endosymbiotic (i.e. non-pathogenic) bacteria. the american dog tick, d. variabilis, is known to be infected with gammaproteobacteria of the genus arsenophonus. however, there have been no previous reports of arsenophonus-type bacteria in the rocky mountain wood tick, d. andersoni, a species that is sympatric with d. variabilis in the western parts of its distributiona ...	2010	20186465
detection of "candidatus rickettsia sp. strain argentina"and rickettsia bellii in amblyomma ticks (acari: ixodidae) from northern argentina.	ixodid ticks were collected from vegetation and from humans, wild and domestic mammals in a rural area in the semi-arid argentine chaco in late spring 2006 to evaluate their potential role as vectors of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. a total of 233 adult ticks, identified as amblyomma parvum, amblyomma tigrinum and amblyomma pseudoconcolor, was examined for rickettsia spp. we identified an sfg rickettsia of unknown pathogenicity, "candidatus rickettsia sp. strain argentina", in a. parvum ...	2010	20186466
ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in ethiopia.	ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats ...	2010	20195754
blood meal analysis to identify reservoir hosts for amblyomma americanum ticks.	efforts to identify wildlife reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens are frequently limited by poor understanding of tick-host interactions and potentially transient infectivity of hosts under natural conditions. to identify reservoir hosts for lone star tick (amblyomma americanum)-associated pathogens, we used a novel technology. in field-collected ticks, we used pcr to amplify a portion of the 18s rrna gene in remnant blood meal dna. reverse line blot hybridization with host-specific probes was th ...	2010	20202418
isolation of rickettsia parkeri and identification of a novel spotted fever group rickettsia sp. from gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) in the united states.	until recently, amblyomma maculatum (the gulf coast tick) had garnered little attention compared to other species of human-biting ticks in the united states. a. maculatum is now recognized as the principal vector of rickettsia parkeri, a pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) that causes an eschar-associated illness in humans that resembles rocky mountain spotted fever. a novel sfgr, distinct from other recognized rickettsia spp., has also been detected recently in a. maculatum specime ...	2010	20208020
silencing of three amblyomma americanum (l.) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related proteins prevents ticks from feeding to repletion.	the insulin-like growth factor (igf) binding proteins (igfbp) family is the regulatory arm of the igf signaling system that control mitogenic and anabolic actions of igf peptide hormones. this study describes cloning and biological characterization of three amblyomma americanum (l.) (aam) proteins that show amino-terminal sequence and secondary structure similarity to the igfbp superfamily. the three molecules here provisionally identified as aamigfbp-rp1 and short (s) and long (l) aamigfbp-rp6 ...	2010	20228352
african tick-bite fever: a new entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple eschars in travelers. description of five cases imported from south africa to switzerland.	african tick-bite fever (atbf) is a newly described spotted fever rickettsiosis that frequently presents with multiple eschars in travelers returning from sub-saharan africa and, to a lesser extent, from the west indies. it is caused by the bite of an infected amblyomma tick, whose hunting habits explain the typical presence of multiple inoculation skin lesions and the occurrence of clustered cases. the etiological agent of atbf is rickettsia africae, an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bacterium. ...	2010	20233665
rickettsia infection in dogs and rickettsia parkeri in amblyomma tigrinum ticks, cochabamba department, bolivia.	only few published data are available on ticks and tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in bolivia. to evaluate rickettsial seroprevalence and infection in dogs and ticks, during february-april 2007, we collected whole blood, sera, and ticks from dogs living in the rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of cochabamba, bolivia. dog sera were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect igg antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii and 68.2% of samples were found to be positive (n = 30; 95% c ...	2010	20426684
the influence of temperature and humidity on oviposition and hatchability of amblyomma lepidum (dönitz, 1808) (acarina: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.	the effect of temperature and humidity on the oviposition and hatchability of ablyomma lepidum was studied. above 90% of adult ticks applied on calves succeeded to attach and feed through 6-13 days. the development process was studied under three levels of temperature: 27, 35 and 40 degrees c, each level with five sets of humidity. temperature rather than humidity affected all developmental parameters. it was found that high temperature of 40 degrees c, even at high humidity 75.5-97.8% significa ...	2010	20434269
exploiting the heterogeneous drop-off rhythm of amblyomma variegatum nymphs to reduce pasture infestation by adult ticks.	tick distribution depends on the drop-off rhythm of the previous stage and on the suitability for tick survival of the environment where they are disseminated. studies were implemented in burkina faso to assess detachment pattern of engorged amblyomma variegatum nymphs. experiments were carried out with naturally infested cattle kept in a paddock or monitored when grazing community pasture. in the pasture, 80% of the nymphs detached between 14.00 h and 17.00 h while less than 25% did so in the p ...	2010	20441678
[the characteristics of tick species (acari: ixodida) transferred on exotic reptiles to poland].	some natural and unusual transfers of exotic ticks on hosts have been noticed in poland. reptiles together with migratory birds and migrating mammals, are the groups of vertebrates that transfer unknown tick species to the territory of poland. the majority of exotic reptiles brought to poland for breading and commercial purpose are infested by ticks. therefore the systematic list of ticks as well as their geographical distribution in the world, tick-host specificity, characteristic and morpholog ...	2010	20450006
disrupting the amblyomma americanum (l.) cd147 receptor homolog prevents ticks from feeding to repletion and blocks spontaneous detachment of ticks from their host.	the cd147 receptor is a cell-surface glycoprotein in the igg family that plays pivotal roles in intercellular interactions involved with numerous physiological and pathological processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling. we previously found an amblyomma americanum (aam) tick cd147 receptor homolog among genes that were up regulated in response to tick feeding stimuli. this study characterizes an aamcd147 receptor protein that is 72-83% conserved in other tick species and possess character ...	2010	20451606
bacterial pathogens in ixodid ticks from a piedmont county in north carolina: prevalence of rickettsial organisms.	in north carolina, reported human cases of tick-borne illness, specifically rocky mountain spotted fever, have escalated over the past decade. to determine the relative abundance of vectors and to estimate the risk of acquiring a tick-borne illness in peri-residential landscapes, ticks were collected in chatham county, a typical piedmont county and, samples of the ticks were tested for infection with selected bacterial pathogens using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. tick ...	2010	20455778
experimental infection of the opossum didelphis aurita by rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, and rickettsia parkeri and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum.	this work evaluated the infection of opossums (didelphis aurita) by rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, and rickettsia parkeri and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission to amblyomma cajennense and/or amblyomma dubitatum ticks. infection in d. aurita was induced by intraperitoneal inoculation with r. felis (n = 4 opossums), r. bellii (n = 4), and r. parkeri (n = 2). another group of six opossums were inoculated intraperitoneally with leibovitz-15 sterile culture medium, repre ...	2010	20455783
high prevalence of rickettsia gravesii sp. nov. in amblyomma triguttatum collected from feral pigs.	a survey of ectoparasites on feral pigs identified two commonly occurring ixodid tick species; amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum and ixodes australiensis. molecular screening of a. t. triguttatum and i. australiensis for the presence of rickettsia species detected the presence of rickettsiae belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) in 78.4% of screened a. t. triguttatum. none of the screened i. australiensis were positive for rickettsiae. sequence analysis of the glta and ompa loci of positive ...	2010	20488632
host associations of dermacentor, amblyomma, and ixodes (acari: ixodidae) ticks in tennessee.	from april 2007 to september 2008, 1,793 adult and nymphal ixodid ticks were collected from 49 counties in tennessee. six species were identified, including dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), ixodes texanus (banks), ixodes cookei packard, ixodes scapularis (say), and amblyomma maculatum koch, from 13 medium- to large-sized mammalian hosts and dragging through vegetation. raccoons were the most common vertebrate source (198 captures), accounting for 60% of ticks collected. d ...	2010	20496589
sdetection of vector-borne agents in lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), from mississippi.	in this study, we evaluated amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) in mississippi for the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis; ehrlichia ewingii, causative agent of human and canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis; borrelia lonestari, putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness; francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia; and rickettsia spp., particularly r. amblyommii, a suspected pathogen. we collected adult a. americanum from four region ...	2010	20496596
potential of medicinal plants in mosquito control.	medicinal plants have long history as important components in traditional medicine, and food of humans since ancient egyptians and chinese. naturally occurring botanical compounds contain a broad range of chemical active ingredients can intervene in all biological processes of the mosquito, thus interrupt its life cycle and dispersal and reduce harms to humans and animals. many medicinal plants were tested for their pesticide and repellent potential, as crude material, essential oils or individu ...	2010	20503582
the expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus and amblyomma cajennense.	ticks secrete a cement cone composed of many salivary proteins, some of which are rich in the amino acid glycine in order to attach to their hosts' skin. glycine-rich proteins (grps) are a large family of heterogeneous proteins that have different functions and features; noteworthy are their adhesive and tensile characteristics. these properties may be essential for successful attachment of the metastriate ticks to the host and the prolonged feeding necessary for engorgement. in this work, we an ...	2010	20529354
ticks (acari: ixodidae) on dogs from uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil.	uberlândia in minas gerais state, southeastern brazil, has 622 000 inhabitants and is located in the cerrado biome, the south american savannah. the city dog population is estimated at 82 000 and identification of tick species and infestation prevalence on this host has not been determined. a major infectious disease of dogs in the city, canine ehrlichiosis, is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. at the same time, autochthonous leishmaniosis has been recently described in the city and ...	2010	20537111
innate immunity in wooless lamb to larvae of amblyomma cajennense tick (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae).	the cayenne tick amblyomma cajennense infests preferably horses in its adult form but other mammal species in its immature stages and is the main vector of rickettsia rickettsii, the brazilian spotted fever pathogen. as wooless lambs are often raised on pasture together with horses, an experiment was performed to investigate their possible acquisition of resistance to a. cajennense after experimental infestations. seven naïve wooless lambs were infested thrice at 60 days interval with immature a ...	2010	20537112
localization of antigenic sites in unfed nymphs of amblyomma triste koch 1844 (acari: ixodidae) ticks by immunohistochemistry.	the reactivity of sera collected from guinea pigs after three infestations with amblyomma triste nymphs on histological sections of the same tick species was investigated through immunohistochemistry to identify potential target cells and tissues. six guinea pigs were infested thrice, at 30 day intervals, with 30 nymphs of a. triste per animal per infestation. blood samples were collected from the guinea pigs 15 days after each infestation for serum separation; normal serum was obtained before t ...	2010	20537113
ehrlichia ewingii infection and exposure rates in dogs from the southcentral united states.	we used pcr and a novel serologic assay to determine infection and exposure rates to ehrlichia ewingii in dogs from an area of northeast oklahoma and northwest arkansas where amblyomma americanum ticks are abundant. of 143 dogs assayed, 13 (9.1%) harbored e. ewingii by pcr and 64 (44.8%) had antibodies to e. ewingii detected using a peptide-based microtiter plate elisa. dogs were more likely (p=0.001) to be positive by pcr if sampled in august (30.8%) but no association was found between seropos ...	2010	20541322
survey of ixodid ticks in domestic ruminants in bedelle district, southwestern ethiopia.	a survey aimed at determining the status of ticks in cattle, sheep and goats in bedelle district (southwestern ethiopia) was carried out from november 2007 to april 2008. out of the total 330 animals examined, 314 (95.2%) were found to be infested (harbouring of at least a single tick). high rates of infestations were recorded across all three host species. factors like month of collection, age and sex of host species did not show significant association with infestation rates. a total of 5,507 ...	2010	20563884
a new tick kunitz type inhibitor, amblyomin-x, induces tumor cell death by modulating genes related to the cell cycle and targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of amblyomin-x, a serine protease kunitz-type inhibitor. amblyomin-x induced tumor mass regression and decreased number of metastatic events in a b16f10 murine melanoma model. alterations on expression of several genes related to cell cycle were observed when two tumor cell lines were treated with amblyomin-x. psmb2, which encodes a proteasome subunit, was differentially expressed, in agreement to inhibition of proteasomal activity in ...	2010	20570593
ultrastructure features of the midgut of the female adult amblyomma cajennense ticks fabricius, 1787 (acari: ixodidae) in several feeding stages and subjected to three infestations.	the digestive tract of amblyomma cajennense, as well as other species of ticks, is divided into the anterior, medium and posterior intestines and is the organ responsible for digestion of blood ingested during the meal on the host. the anterior and posterior regions are derived from the ectoderm and the medium one from the endoderm. in the present ultrastructural study, we analyzed the midgut of females in a semi- and fully engorged stages, on the rabbit host, which was subjected to three infest ...	2010	20580564
ticks species (ixodida) in the summit municipal park and adjacent areas, panama city, panama.	from september 2007 to september 2009, we studied the species of ticks present in the summit municipal park. ticks were extracted from zoo animals, free-living wild mammals and reptiles trapped, dead mammals on the roads and environment (ground and zoo burrows). a total of 2,649 ticks were collected: 2,167 immature stages (1,345 larvae and 822 nymphs) and 482 adults. seventeen species were identified: ornithodoros puertorricensis (argasidae), amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, ...	2010	20585838
a quantitative comparison of two sample methods for collecting amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) in missouri.	in studies of tick communities, sampling methodology may influence observed patterns. the objective of this study was to compare two sampling methods, dragging and dry ice baiting, in two habitats to assess abundance of off-host ticks. tick communities were monitored from march to december in a forested and an old-field habitat in northeast missouri. in each habitat, eight drag and eight dry ice bait samples were collected every 2 weeks on a permanent grid. the most common ticks collected were a ...	2010	20585839
moulting and survival of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in quasi-natural conditions in burkina faso; tick predators as an important limiting factor.	the survival rate of amblyomma variegatum engorged nymphs was studied in 9 cohorts released during the first part of the dry season (i.e. the nymph infestation period in the region) and placed on a natural savannah, either in plastic containers or in cages driven into the soil and open at the bottom. all nymphs put in the containers placed in the sun died rapidly, while a high moulting rate (94%) was observed in containers placed in the shade. this rate reached 63% for the ticks released in the ...	2010	20593224
population genetics of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) collected from arkansas.	lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum l. (acari: ixodidae),infest multiple hosts such as birds, and mammals of various sizes (rodents to white-tailed deer) and can harbor human pathogens such as borrelia lonestari and ehrlichiosis chaffeensis. the population structure of 251 a. americanum ticks, collected from canines and two white-tailed deer in six arkansas ecoregions, was examined using dna sequences of a 247-bp region of the mitochondrial dna ribosomal rna 16s gene. of the 247 nucleotide cha ...	2010	20380295
bacterial diversity in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) with a focus on members of the genus rickettsia.	the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), is commonly reported from people and animals throughout the eastern u.s. and is associated with transmission of a number of emerging diseases. to better define the microbial communities within lone star ticks, 16s rrna gene based analysis using bacteria-wide primers, followed by sequencing of individual clones (n = 449) was used to identify the most common bacterial operational taxonomic units (otus) present within colony-reared and wil ...	2010	20380308
repellent activity of deet against amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) nymphs submitted to different laboratory bioassays.	this study was developed to evaluate the repellent activity of n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) against amblyomma cajennense nymphs. two repellent bioassays were compared and the effective concentration and repellent time were calculated. the fingertip test was accomplished to evaluate in vivo four concentrations of the compound (0.200; 0.100; 0.050 and 0.025 mg.cm⁻²) and the filter-paper bioassay to evaluate in vitro the two highest concentrations.the compound provided repellence higher tha ...	2010	20385054
rickettsiae in gulf coast ticks, arkansas, usa.	to determine the cause of spotted fever cases in the southern united states, we screened gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) collected in arkansas for rickettsiae. of the screened ticks, 30% had pcr amplicons consistent with rickettsia parkeri or candidatus rickettsia amblyommii.	2010	20409375
effects of a lone star tick (amblyomma americanum) burden on performance and metabolic indicators in growing beef steers.	we examined the response of selected animal performance, endocrine, immune, and metabolic factors from 13 steers (254+/-6.1 kg) with and without a lone star (amblyomma americanum) tick burden during progressive days of the tick feeding cycle. steers were randomly assigned to either non-treated controls or treated with 300 adult pair of a. americanum per animal. animals were weighed and blood sampled on days -7, 0, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 relative to tick treatment. tick treatment did not affect ( ...	2010	20609519
spread of parasites transported with their hosts: case study of two species of cattle tick.	like all parasites, ticks can be spread easily along with their hosts. ticks are obligate parasites of vertebrates, to which they attach themselves for varying periods of time, and are well-adapted to this mode of transport. once the transport stage is complete and they have detached at destination, they are also able to wait several months for the arrival of a new host on which they will continue their life cycle. this leads to the establishment of a secondary tick population. two tropical catt ...	2010	20617654
detection of lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, including three novel genotypes in ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from songbirds (passeriformes) across canada.	lyme disease is reported across canada, but pinpointing the source of infection has been problematic. in this three-year, bird-tick-pathogen study (2004-2006), 366 ticks representing 12 species were collected from 151 songbirds (31 passerine species/subspecies) at 16 locations canada-wide. of the 167 ticks/pools tested, 19 (11.4%) were infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). sequencing of the rrf-rrl intergenic spacer gene revealed four borrelia genotypes: b. burgdorferi sensu stri ...	2010	20618658
brazilian spotted fever in cart horses in a non-endemic area in southern brazil.	brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is an often fatal zoonosis caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia rickettsii. the disease is generally transmitted to humans by amblyomma spp. ticks. serological evidence of past infection by r. rickettsii has been reported in horses, but the pathogenicity of r. rickettsii in horses remains unknown. cart horses are still widely used in urban and urban fringe areas in brazil, and these animals may constitute suitable sentinels for bsf human in thes ...	2010	20624353
host selection by questing female amblyomma maculatum koch, to cattle with feeding male ticks in southern texas.	the feeding associations among male and female gulf coast ticks, amblyomma maculatum koch, were examined using archived data obtained from untreated free-ranging cattle pastured on native rangeland. there was significant evidence of a relationship between male and female tick presence on hosts (p-value <0.0001), suggesting that a. maculatum females will more frequently be attracted and attach to grazing cattle with feeding males than those without. seasonal data were tested to develop prediction ...	2010	20627588
social network structure and parasite infection patterns in a territorial reptile, the tuatara (sphenodon punctatus).	we investigated whether the parasite load of an individual could be predicted by its position in a social network. specifically, we derived social networks in a solitary, territorial reptile (the tuatara, sphenodon punctatus), with links based on the sharing of space, not necessarily synchronously, in overlapping territories. tuatara are infected by ectoparasitic ticks (amblyomma sphenodonti), mites (neotrombicula spp.) and a blood parasite (hepatozoon tuatarae) which is transmitted by the tick. ...	2010	20637210
acaricidal activity of the essential oils from eucalyptus citriodora and cymbopogon nardus on larvae of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) and anocentor nitens (acari: ixodidae).	the present study evaluated the acaricidal activity of essential oils from eucalyptus citriodora and cymbopogon nardus on non-engorged larvae of amblyomma cajennense and anocentor nitens. in order to carry out the study, six groups were formed, each concentration being a treatment (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, respectively) and also with the creation of a control group (distilled water) and a positive control (deltametrine). for each treatment, approximately 100 larvae of these ticks were placed ...	2010	20640444
cuticular plasticization in the tick, amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae): possible roles of monoamines and cuticular ph.	the degree of plasticization of the alloscutal cuticle of a 'hard' (ixodid) tick, amblyomma hebraeum, and a 'soft' (argasid) tick, ornithodoros moubata, was assessed throughout the blood-feeding period. cuticle viscosity was calculated from rate of creep of cuticle under constant load using a maxwell model. feeding-related plasticization (i.e. increased rate of extension under a constant load) occurred in a. hebraeum but not in o. moubata. maxwell viscosity of unfed a. hebraeum cuticle was relat ...	2010	20675552
first record of amblyomma scalpturatum neumann (acari: ixodidae) in the states of paraná and roraima, brazil.	amblyomma scalpturatum neumann has been reported in brazil in the northern (states of amazonas, pará and rondônia) and mid-western regions (states of mato grosso and mato grosso do sul). it has been found in association with large and medium sized mammals, as artiodactyla, perissodactyla, xenarthra and carnivora. in this paper, this tick species is reported for the first time in the brazilian states of paraná and roraima, southern and northern regions, respectively.	2010	20676523
amblyomma imitator ticks as vectors of rickettsia rickettsii, mexico.	real-time pcr of amblyomma imitator tick egg masses obtained in nuevo leon state, mexico, identified a rickettsia species. sequence analyses of 17-kd common antigen and outer membrane protein a and b gene fragments showed to it to be r. rickettsii, which suggested a potential new vector for this bacterium.	2010	20678325
amblyomma triste (acari: ixodidae): new north american collection records, including the first from the united states.	new distribution records for the neotropical tick, amblyomma triste koch, are identified from 27 specimens in 18 separate collections. these collections originated from six now recognized geographical foci in two states in the united states (cochise and santa cruz counties, arizona, and brewster and jeff davis counties, texas) and from import cattle, bos taurus l., presented for entry at the united states border and originating in three mexican states (coahuila, durango, and sonora). for at leas ...	2010	20695268
formulations of deet, picaridin, and ir3535 applied to skin repel nymphs of the lone star tick (acari: ixodidae) for 12 hours.	the efficacies of a 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2- (hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin) spray, 20% 3-(n-acetyl-n-butyl)aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (ir3535) spray, 20% picaridin lotion, 10% ir3535 lotion, and 33% n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) cream in repelling nymphal lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), were determined at 2-h intervals over 12 h using human subjects. a repellent formulation was applied in a 5-cm-wide band encircling a volunteer's lower leg. for each chal ...	2010	20695288
tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural senegal.	rickettsioses are one of the most important causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from developed countries, but little is known about their incidence in indigenous populations, especially in west africa.	2010	20856858
identification of chelicerate neuropeptides using bioinformatics of publicly accessible expressed sequence tags.	while numerous investigations have focused on the identification of neuropeptides in arthropods, most have been conducted on members of the hexapoda or crustacea, and little is currently known about those in the chelicerata. here, publicly accessible expressed sequence tags (ests) were mined for putative chelicerate neuropeptide-encoding transcripts; the peptides encoded by the ests were deduced using on-line peptide prediction programs and homology to known isoforms. fifty-eight ests representi ...	2010	20888826
invasive honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host dynamics.	despite the ubiquity of invasive organisms and their often deleterious effects on native flora and fauna, the consequences of biological invasions for human health and the ecological mechanisms through which they occur are rarely considered. here we demonstrate that a widespread invasive shrub in north america, amur honeysuckle (lonicera maackii), increases human risk of exposure to ehrlichiosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by bacterial pathogens transmitted by the lone star tick (ambl ...	2010	20937859