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a potential role for ixodid (hard) tick vectors in the transmission of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle.lumpy skin disease (lsd) is an economically important cattle disease. the disease is endemic in many african countries, but outbreaks have also been reported in madagascar and the middle east. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ixodid (hard) ticks in the transmission of the disease. cattle were infected with a virulent, south african field isolate of lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv). three common african tick species (genera rhipicephalus, amblyomma and rhipicephalus ( ...201021114790
novel field assays and the comparative repellency of bioud(®) , deet and permethrin against amblyomma americanum.two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of bioud(®) (containing 7.75% 2-undecanone), 98.1% deet and 0.5% permethrin against natural populations of nymphal amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae). in a cloth sheet assay, pieces of material measuring 41 × 58 cm, separately treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier, were placed at random on the ground and baited with dry ice for 1 h. mean numbers of ticks on repellent-treat ...201021118283
ticks (acari: ixodidae) from yellow armadillo, euphractus sexcinctus (cingulata: dasypodidae), in brazil's pantanal wetlands.tick species parasitizing yellow armadillo, euphractus sexcinctus, were recorded from october 2006 to october 2007 in pantanal. a total of 89 ticks were collected from 23 yellow armadillos. most ticks (n=50) were identified as amblyomma cajennense (fabricius) (32 males and 18 females). the only other species found was amblyomma parvum (aragão) (three females and two males). the remaining ticks were immatures of amblyomma (29 nymphs and five larvae). the prevalence of a. cajennense was 55%, the m ...201021120394
infrequency of rickettsia rickettsii in dermacentor variabilis removed from humans, with comments on the role of other human-biting ticks associated with spotted fever group rickettsiae in the united states.abstract from 1997 to 2009, the tick-borne disease laboratory of the u.s. army public health command (usaphc) (formerly the u.s. army center for health promotion and preventive medicine) screened 5286 dermacentor variabilis ticks removed from department of defense (dod) personnel, their dependents, and dod civilian personnel for spotted fever group rickettsiae using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. rickettsia montanensis (171/5286 = 3.2%) and ricke ...201021142953
rickettsial infection in domestic mammals and their ectoparasites in el valle de antón, coclé, panamá.the present research evaluated the presence of rickettsia spp. on ectoparasites of horses and dogs (using pcr techniques), and their sera (using immunofluorescence assay) in el valle de antón town in panama. a total of 20 horses and 20 dogs were sampled, finding four species of ectoparasites on dogs (the ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, and the flea ctenocephalides felis), and two tick species on horses (amblyomma cajennense and dermacentor nitens). dna ...201021144663
rickettsia africae in amblyomma variegatum and domestic ruminants on eight caribbean islands.we used pcrs with omp a primers to determine if spotted fever group rickettsiae occurred in amblyomma variegatum from 6 caribbean islands. positive amplicons were obtained from ticks from the u.s. virgin islands (9/18; 50%), dominica (39/171; 30%), montserrat (2/5; 40%), nevis (17/34; 50%), st. kitts (46/227; 20%), and st. lucia (1/14; 7%). sequences for a convenience sample of reaction products obtained from a. variegatum on st. kitts (7), american virgin islands (4), montserrat (2), and st. lu ...201021158615
high-prevalence borrelia miyamotoi [scapin wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) in tennessee.during spring and fall 2009, 60 wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) harvested by tennessee hunters were surveyed for borrelia spp. by sampling their blood, tissue, and attached ticks. in both seasons, 70% of turkeys were infested with juvenile amblyomma americanum; one spring turkey hosted an adult female ixodes brunneus. polymerase chain reaction assays followed by dna sequencing indicated that 58% of the turkeys were positive for the spirochete borrelia miyamotoi, with tissue testing positive m ...201021175079
ticks infesting wildlife species in northeastern brazil with new host and locality records.from september 2008 to march 2010, 397 ticks (315 larvae, 33 nymphs, 23 females, and 26 males) were collected from captive and free-living wildlife species in northeastern brazil. six tick species were identified, including amblyomma auricularium (conil) on tamandua tetradactyla (l.), amblyomma dubitatum neumann on hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (l.), nectomys rattus (pelzen) and t. tetradactyla, amblyomma parvum aragão on t. tetradactyla, amblyomma rotundatum koch on boa constrictor l., chelonoidis ...201021175080
ticks on birds in a forest fragment of brazilian cerrado (savanna) in the municipality of uberlândia, state of minas gerais, brazil.this is a report of tick species, parasite prevalence and infestation intensity of birds in a forest fragment (18° 56' 57'' s and 48° 12' 14'' w) within the brazilian cerrado (savanna), in the municipality of uberlândia, state of minas gerais, brazil. a total of 162 birds from 26 species were captured. one adult tick, 296 larvae and 67 nymphs were found on passerine birds. of these, it was identified 31 larvae and 27 nymphs of amblyomma longirostre, 17 nymphs of a. nodosum, one a. cajennense lar ...201021184702
a first record of amblyomma dissimile (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing the lizard ameiva ameiva (teiidae) in brazil.a non-engorged adult female amblyomma dissimile and two amblyomma sp. larvae were found parasitizing the lizard ameiva ameiva in the municipality of chapadinha, state of maranhão. this is the first record in the state of maranhão and fills a gap in the distribution of a. dissimile in brazil. the lizard a. ameiva represents a new host for a. dissimile, and also the first record of this tick species infesting lizards of the family teiidae in brazil.201021184707
parasitisation and localisation of ticks (acari: ixodida) on exotic reptiles imported into poland.as a result of examinations, the following species of ticks have been found parasitising on python regius brought from africa to poland: amblyomma latum, amblyomma transversale, amblyomma spp., on varanus exanthematicus: amblyomma exornatum, amblyomma flavomaculatum, amblyomma latum, amblyomma nuttalli, amblyomma spp., on varanus salvator brought from indonesia to poland: amblyomma varanensis. there were 58 specimens of monitor lizard (v. salvator and v. exanthematicus) and 92 specimens of pytho ...201021186765
the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for identifying six-legged larval ticks.ticks are vectors of a variety of diseases such as lyme disease and japanese spotted fever. we examined an 87-year-old female with multiple tick bites by at least 236 larval amblyomma testudinarium infestations. numerous tick bites are generally caused by the six-legged larvae, which were verified in this case by dermoscopy. the present case indicates the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for six-legged larval tick bites.201021771529
tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural senegal.rickettsioses are one of the most important causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from developed countries, but little is known about their incidence in indigenous populations, especially in west africa.201020856858
identification of chelicerate neuropeptides using bioinformatics of publicly accessible expressed sequence tags.while numerous investigations have focused on the identification of neuropeptides in arthropods, most have been conducted on members of the hexapoda or crustacea, and little is currently known about those in the chelicerata. here, publicly accessible expressed sequence tags (ests) were mined for putative chelicerate neuropeptide-encoding transcripts; the peptides encoded by the ests were deduced using on-line peptide prediction programs and homology to known isoforms. fifty-eight ests representi ...201020888826
invasive honeysuckle eradication reduces tick-borne disease risk by altering host dynamics.despite the ubiquity of invasive organisms and their often deleterious effects on native flora and fauna, the consequences of biological invasions for human health and the ecological mechanisms through which they occur are rarely considered. here we demonstrate that a widespread invasive shrub in north america, amur honeysuckle (lonicera maackii), increases human risk of exposure to ehrlichiosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by bacterial pathogens transmitted by the lone star tick (ambl ...201020937859
the gulf coast tick: a review of the life history, ecology, distribution, and emergence as an arthropod of medical and veterinary importance.the gulf coast tick, amblyomma maculatum koch (acari: ixodidae), is a unique univoltine ectoparasite of seven vertebrate host classes in the western hemisphere that is increasingly recognized as a pest of livestock and wildlife, a vector of pathogens to humans and canines, and a putative vector of ehrlichia ruminantium, the causal agent of heartwater, a fatal foreign animal disease of ruminants resident in the caribbean. this review assembles current and historical literature encompassing the bi ...201020939363
confirmation of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) as a vector for cytauxzoon felis (piroplasmorida: theileriidae) to domestic cats.amblyomma americanum was confirmed as a competent vector in the transmission of cytauxzoon felis to domestic cats. infection with c. felis was produced and replicated in four domestic felines by the bite of a. americanum adults that were acquisition fed as nymphs on a domestic cat that survived cytauxzoonosis. numerous attempts to transmit c. felis with dermacentor variabilis at the same time were not successful. all cats upon which infected a. americanum were transmission fed exhibited disease ...201020939386
survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) and their rickettsia in an atlantic rain forest reserve in the state of são paulo, brazil.the current study investigated the occurrence of ticks and their rickettsiae in the serra do mar state park, which encompasses one of the largest atlantic rain forest reserves of brazil. from july 2008 to june 2009, a total of 2439 ticks (2,196 free living and 243 collected on hosts) was collected, encompassing the following 13 species: amblyomma aureolatum (pallas), amblyomma brasiliense aragao, amblyomma dubitatum neumann, amblyomma fuscum neumann, amblyomma incisum neumann, amblyomma longiros ...201020939390
occurrence of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on human hosts, in three municipalities in the state of pará, brazil.assuming the existence of tick parasitism in humans in the state of pará, an aggregate observational study was developed along a transversal line in three cities of the state, during two years. interviews and examinations of 2,160 townspeople and tourists were carried out, without discrimination of ethnic, sex, age, or social status, and classified for effects analyzed for four bands of age, six types of activities in the society, and two sexes. larvae, nymphs, and adults of ticks had been ident ...201020943016
amblyomma rotundatum (koch, 1844) (acari: ixodidae) two-host life-cycle on viperidae snakes.amblyomma rotundatum is an ixodid tick that infests ectothermic animals and reproduces exclusively by parthenogenesis. this tick has been frequently reported to infest reptiles and amphibians, under natural conditions and sometimes in captivity. it was described in brazil and several other countries of south, central and north america. although many studies have reported aspects of its biology, none of them has used regularly either ophidian as hosts, or controlled temperature, humidity and lumi ...201020943022
amblyomma aureolatum (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing margay (leopardus wiedii) in rio grande do sul.we report the finding of amblyomma aureolatum (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing margay (leopardus wiedii) in the locality of gravataí (29° 47' 12.9" s and 50° 53' 44.1" w; 241 m alt.), state of rio grande do sul, southern brazil. this is the first report of this species of ixodidae on margay in southern brazil. this finding indicates an increased number of hosts for this tick species.201020943026
new tick records in rondônia, western brazilian amazon.in the present study, we provide new tick records from vilhena municipality, in the southeast of the state of rondônia, northern brazil. ticks collected from a capybara, hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (linnaeus), were identified as amblyomma romitii tonelli-rondelli (1 female), and amblyomma sp. (1 larva). ticks collected from a harpy eagle, harpia harpyja (linnaeus), were identified as amblyomma cajennense (fabricius) (16 nymphs) and haemaphysalis juxtakochi cooley (1 nymph). ticks collected from a ...201020943027
rickettsial infections of dogs, horses and ticks in juiz de fora, southeastern brazil, and isolation of rickettsia rickettsii from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks.the present study was performed in an area endemic for brazilian spotted fever (bsf) in juiz de fora, state of minas gerais, brazil, during the years 2007 and 2008, when fatal cases of bsf (caused by rickettsia rickettsii) were reported. adult ticks (acari: ixodidae) identified as rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) and amblyomma cajennense (fabricius) were collected from dogs and horses, respectively, and tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). overall, 13.1% of the rh. sanguineus ticks and ...201020950356
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds in the atlantic forest in northeastern brazil, with notes on rickettsial infection in ticks.a total of 232 individuals representing 46 species of birds were mist-netted and screened for ticks in a region of the atlantic forest, state of bahia, brazil. thirty-eight (16.4%) of these birds representing 17 species were found infested by immature stages of amblyomma ticks, namely, amblyomma longirostre (koch, 1844) (15 larvae and seven nymphs), amblyomma nodosum (neumann, 1899) (nine nymphs), amblyomma calcaratum (neumann, 1899) (five nymphs), amblyomma cajennense (fabricius, 1787) (seven l ...201020953629
physiological effects upon amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) infected with beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales).unfed adult amblyomma americanum were exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. ticks exposed to the fungus exhibited reduced survival and increased water loss as indicated by change in weight. treated ticks survived 7.2 ± 0.22 days (mean ± se) and controls survived 17.9 ± 0.73 days (p = 0.01; df = 57). at death, ticks exposed to the fungus had lost 25.2 ± 0.84% of their starting weight; control ticks had lost 14.1 ± 0.85% of their starting weight (p = 0.01; df = 96). water loss ...201020957415
biological differences between two allopatric populations of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) in argentina.the fertility of hybrids from two distinct populations of amblyomma cajennense from different ecological regions of northern argentina was analyzed. two colonies of a. cajennense from el rey national park (rnp), salta province (24º41's, 64º36'w), and copo national park (cnp), santiago del estero province (25º55's, 61º43'w) were established infesting rabbits with adults collected from vegetation. reproductive parameters of the first generation in laboratory of each colony and their crosses were e ...201020972702
monitoring of resistance or susceptibility of adults and larvae of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) to synthetic acaricides in goiás, brazil.amblyomma cajennense or the cayenne tick is a three-host ixodid tick species of low parasitic specificity that is the principal vector of brazilian spotted fever. the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the possible development of resistance by adult specimens of a. cajennense to deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and the principal miticide/acaricide commercially available in the region. the second objective was to monitor the susceptibility and/or resistance of larvae ...201020976616
distribution and prevalence of cytauxzoon felis in bobcats (lynx rufus), the natural reservoir, and other wild felids in thirteen states.cytauxzoon felis, a protozoan parasite of wild and domestic felids, is the causative agent of cytauxzoonosis in domestic and some exotic felids in the united states. the bobcat (lynx rufus) is the natural reservoir for this parasite, but other felids such as florida panthers (puma concolor coryii) and domestic cats may maintain long-term parasitemias and serve as reservoirs. experimentally, two tick species, dermacentor variabilis and amblyomma americanum, have demonstrated the ability to transm ...201021071149
first report of the repellency of 2-tridecanone against ticks.2-tridecanone and 2-undecanone are both found naturally in the trichomes of wild tomato plants and are important in plant resistance to herbivory. 2-undecanone is the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa)-registered active ingredient in the commercially available arthropod repellent, bioud(®) . the goal of this study was to examine the tick repellency of 2-tridecanone. two-choice bioassays were conducted using 8% 2-tridecanone vs. the repellent carrier (absolute ethanol) and compared with t ...201021073492
[parasitism by amblyomma sp (acari: ixodidae) in humans in the city of recife, state of pernambuco, brazil].the amblyomma genus is widely distribution in brazil and is important regarding the public health risk represented by the transmission of pathogens.201021085878
development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for rapid detection of ehrlichia ruminantium.the rickettsial bacterium ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a potential zoonotic disease of ruminants transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma. the disease is distributed in nearly all of sub-saharan africa and some islands of the caribbean, from where it threatens the american mainland. this report describes the development of two different loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assays for sensitive and specific detection of e. ruminantium.201021087521
effects of a lone star tick (amblyomma americanum) burden on performance and metabolic indicators in growing beef steers.we examined the response of selected animal performance, endocrine, immune, and metabolic factors from 13 steers (254+/-6.1 kg) with and without a lone star (amblyomma americanum) tick burden during progressive days of the tick feeding cycle. steers were randomly assigned to either non-treated controls or treated with 300 adult pair of a. americanum per animal. animals were weighed and blood sampled on days -7, 0, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 relative to tick treatment. tick treatment did not affect ( ...201020609519
spread of parasites transported with their hosts: case study of two species of cattle tick.like all parasites, ticks can be spread easily along with their hosts. ticks are obligate parasites of vertebrates, to which they attach themselves for varying periods of time, and are well-adapted to this mode of transport. once the transport stage is complete and they have detached at destination, they are also able to wait several months for the arrival of a new host on which they will continue their life cycle. this leads to the establishment of a secondary tick population. two tropical catt ...201020617654
detection of lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, including three novel genotypes in ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from songbirds (passeriformes) across canada.lyme disease is reported across canada, but pinpointing the source of infection has been problematic. in this three-year, bird-tick-pathogen study (2004-2006), 366 ticks representing 12 species were collected from 151 songbirds (31 passerine species/subspecies) at 16 locations canada-wide. of the 167 ticks/pools tested, 19 (11.4%) were infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). sequencing of the rrf-rrl intergenic spacer gene revealed four borrelia genotypes: b. burgdorferi sensu stri ...201020618658
brazilian spotted fever in cart horses in a non-endemic area in southern brazil.brazilian spotted fever (bsf) is an often fatal zoonosis caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium rickettsia rickettsii. the disease is generally transmitted to humans by amblyomma spp. ticks. serological evidence of past infection by r. rickettsii has been reported in horses, but the pathogenicity of r. rickettsii in horses remains unknown. cart horses are still widely used in urban and urban fringe areas in brazil, and these animals may constitute suitable sentinels for bsf human in thes ...201020624353
host selection by questing female amblyomma maculatum koch, to cattle with feeding male ticks in southern texas.the feeding associations among male and female gulf coast ticks, amblyomma maculatum koch, were examined using archived data obtained from untreated free-ranging cattle pastured on native rangeland. there was significant evidence of a relationship between male and female tick presence on hosts (p-value <0.0001), suggesting that a. maculatum females will more frequently be attracted and attach to grazing cattle with feeding males than those without. seasonal data were tested to develop prediction ...201020627588
social network structure and parasite infection patterns in a territorial reptile, the tuatara (sphenodon punctatus).we investigated whether the parasite load of an individual could be predicted by its position in a social network. specifically, we derived social networks in a solitary, territorial reptile (the tuatara, sphenodon punctatus), with links based on the sharing of space, not necessarily synchronously, in overlapping territories. tuatara are infected by ectoparasitic ticks (amblyomma sphenodonti), mites (neotrombicula spp.) and a blood parasite (hepatozoon tuatarae) which is transmitted by the tick. ...201020637210
acaricidal activity of the essential oils from eucalyptus citriodora and cymbopogon nardus on larvae of amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) and anocentor nitens (acari: ixodidae).the present study evaluated the acaricidal activity of essential oils from eucalyptus citriodora and cymbopogon nardus on non-engorged larvae of amblyomma cajennense and anocentor nitens. in order to carry out the study, six groups were formed, each concentration being a treatment (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, respectively) and also with the creation of a control group (distilled water) and a positive control (deltametrine). for each treatment, approximately 100 larvae of these ticks were placed ...201020640444
cuticular plasticization in the tick, amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae): possible roles of monoamines and cuticular ph.the degree of plasticization of the alloscutal cuticle of a 'hard' (ixodid) tick, amblyomma hebraeum, and a 'soft' (argasid) tick, ornithodoros moubata, was assessed throughout the blood-feeding period. cuticle viscosity was calculated from rate of creep of cuticle under constant load using a maxwell model. feeding-related plasticization (i.e. increased rate of extension under a constant load) occurred in a. hebraeum but not in o. moubata. maxwell viscosity of unfed a. hebraeum cuticle was relat ...201020675552
first record of amblyomma scalpturatum neumann (acari: ixodidae) in the states of paraná and roraima, brazil.amblyomma scalpturatum neumann has been reported in brazil in the northern (states of amazonas, pará and rondônia) and mid-western regions (states of mato grosso and mato grosso do sul). it has been found in association with large and medium sized mammals, as artiodactyla, perissodactyla, xenarthra and carnivora. in this paper, this tick species is reported for the first time in the brazilian states of paraná and roraima, southern and northern regions, respectively.201020676523
amblyomma imitator ticks as vectors of rickettsia rickettsii, mexico.real-time pcr of amblyomma imitator tick egg masses obtained in nuevo leon state, mexico, identified a rickettsia species. sequence analyses of 17-kd common antigen and outer membrane protein a and b gene fragments showed to it to be r. rickettsii, which suggested a potential new vector for this bacterium.201020678325
amblyomma triste (acari: ixodidae): new north american collection records, including the first from the united states.new distribution records for the neotropical tick, amblyomma triste koch, are identified from 27 specimens in 18 separate collections. these collections originated from six now recognized geographical foci in two states in the united states (cochise and santa cruz counties, arizona, and brewster and jeff davis counties, texas) and from import cattle, bos taurus l., presented for entry at the united states border and originating in three mexican states (coahuila, durango, and sonora). for at leas ...201020695268
formulations of deet, picaridin, and ir3535 applied to skin repel nymphs of the lone star tick (acari: ixodidae) for 12 hours.the efficacies of a 20% 1-methyl-propyl-2- (hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate (picaridin) spray, 20% 3-(n-acetyl-n-butyl)aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (ir3535) spray, 20% picaridin lotion, 10% ir3535 lotion, and 33% n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) cream in repelling nymphal lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), were determined at 2-h intervals over 12 h using human subjects. a repellent formulation was applied in a 5-cm-wide band encircling a volunteer's lower leg. for each chal ...201020695288
ticks on captive and free-living wild animals in northeastern brazil.from 2005 to 2009, 147 ticks found on 32 wild animals from or referred to two zoobotanical parks (parque zoobotânico arruda câmara and parque estadual dois irmãos) located in northeastern brazil were identified. ticks found on two veterinarians working in one of the parks (i.e., parque estadual dois irmãos), after return from forested areas within the park's territory, were also identified. the following tick-host associations were recorded: amblyomma fuscum neumann on boa constrictor l.; amblyo ...201019693679
ticks (acari: ixodidae) within various phytophysiognomies of a cerrado reserve in uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil.cerrado biome, the south american savannah, covers about 2 million km(2) and is very rich in endemic species but threatened by agriculture. in this report free-living tick species are presented, and their seasonal and relative distribution within the various phytophysiognomies in a small cerrado reserve in minas gerais state, brazil. overall 2,694 free-living ticks were found during a 2 years sampling period with co(2) traps and cloth dragging. of these, 73.5% were amblyomma cajennense and 0.6% ...201019693680
macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression and protein localization in amblyomma americanum (ixodidae).amblyomma americanum (l.) ticks continue to emerge as disease vectors in many areas of the united states. tick macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) was first identified in a. americanum females and has been demonstrated to inhibit macrophage movement to the same extent as human mif. this study was conducted to further characterize and elucidate the physiological role for mif in tick feeding. a relative quantitative pcr assay was developed to determine the level of mif gene expression dur ...201019784782
natural history of ehrlichia chaffeensis: vertebrate hosts and tick vectors from the united states and evidence for endemic transmission in other countries.ehrlichia chaffeensis, an intracellular gram-negative zoonotic bacterium, is the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme). in humans, the disease can range from a mild, non-specific illness with few to no clinical signs to a moderately severe to fatal disease, especially those with compromised immune systems. e. chaffeensis is maintained in a complex cycle involving white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus) as a primary reservoir and the lone star tick (lst; amblyomma ame ...201019819631
analysis of amblyomma surveillance data in the caribbean: lessons for future control programmes.amblyomma variegatum, the tropical bont tick (tbt), is the principal vector of heartwater and is associated with dermatophilosis, major causes of losses in animal production and mortality in caribbean livestock. from 1995 to 2007, the caribbean amblyomma programme (cap) supported treatment and surveillance activities in 11 islands of the eastern caribbean with an initial objective of eradicating tbt. in addition to control activities, surveillance data were collected between 1997 and 2006 in a u ...201019833441
ovary and oocyte maturation of the tick amblyomma brasiliense aragão, 1908 (acari: ixodidae).this study describes the ovary anatomy and dynamics of oocytes maturation process of amblyomma brasiliense ticks. the ovary is of panoistic type lacking nurse and follicular cells. this organ consists of a single continuous tubular structure comprising a lumen delimited by the ovarian wall. oocytes of this tick species are classified into five stages (i-v) and described based on cytoplasm appearance, presence of germ vesicle, yolk granules aspects, and chorium deposition. oocytes of various size ...201019833523
anti-chemokine activities of ixodid ticks depend on tick species, developmental stage, and duration of feeding.ixodid ticks require comparatively large bloodmeals for their development and survival. blood-feeding elicits signaling events in the host leading to wound healing responses (hemostasis, inflammation, and tissue repair) and immunity. bioactive molecules present in tick saliva sabotage these host responses at several levels. one of them is neutralization of cellular communication by binding of specific saliva molecules to cytokines that have important roles in innate and adaptive immunity. chemok ...201019836889
natural history of ehrlichia ruminantium.ehrlichia ruminantium is an obligately intracellular proteobacterium which causes a disease known as heartwater or cowdriosis in some wild, and all domestic, ruminants. the organism is transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, and it is of serious economic importance wherever the natural vectors occur, an area which includes all of sub-saharan africa, and several islands in the caribbean. the disease was first recognized in south africa in the 19th century, where its tick-borne nature was det ...201019836892
a new factor xa inhibitor from amblyomma cajennense with a unique domain composition.bioactive compounds of great interest are found in the saliva of hematophagous organisms. while exploring a cdna library derived from the salivary glands of the tick amblyomma cajennense, a transcript that codes for a protein with unique structure (containing an n-terminal kunitz-type domain and a c-terminus with no homology to any annotated sequences) was found. the recombinant mature form of this protein ( approximately 13.5kda) was produced in escherichia coli bl21 (de3), and it was able to i ...201019853573
molecular detection of rickettsia amblyommii in amblyomma americanum parasitizing humans.a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect and quantify a portion of the outer membrane protein b gene (ompb) of rickettsia amblyommii was employed to assess the threat of r. amblyommii exposure to humans parasitized by amblyomma americanum (the lone star tick). a total of 72 pools of lone star ticks removed from humans were acquired from two collections and used in this study: 44 pools of a. americanum submitted to the department of defense human tick test kit program in ...201019877809
prevalence of ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii in ticks from tennessee.human ehrlichiosis is the second most common tick-borne disease reported in tennessee after rocky mountain spotted fever. two closely related ehrlichiae, ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii, are both causative agents of human disease and are transmitted by amblyomma americanum, the lone star tick. prevalence rates and distribution patterns of these pathogens among ticks in tennessee are currently unknown. to understand prevalence and exposure risk of ehrlichia spp., we tested 616 ticks ( ...201019877819
repellent activity of plant-derived compounds against amblyomma cajennense (acari: ixodidae) nymphs.repellence responses of amblyomma cajennense nymphs to callicarpenal, intermedeol, hyptis suaveolens essential oil, extract of melia azedarach, cymbopogon nardus, spiranthera odoratissima, chenopodium ambrosioides, ageratum conyzoides, mentha pulegium, ruta graveolens, and memora nodosa were studied. among these the extract of c. nardus stood out because of the long-lasting repellence, maintaining, in the highest concentration, 35h of protection against 90% of the nymphs. the essential oil of h. ...201019897309
elemol and amyris oil repel the ticks ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in laboratory bioassays.the essential oil from amyris balsamifera (rutaceae) and elemol, a principal constituent of the essential oil of osage orange, maclura pomifera (moraceae) were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo laboratory bioassays for repellent activity against host-seeking nymphs of the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis, and the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum. both bioassays took advantage of the tendency of these host-seeking ticks to climb slender vertical surfaces. in one bioassay, the central porti ...201020016930
identification of protective antigens by rna interference for control of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum.the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum, vectors pathogens of emerging diseases of humans and animals in the united states. currently, measures are not available for effective control of a. americanum infestations. development of vaccines directed against tick proteins may reduce tick infestations and the transmission of tick-borne pathogens. however, the limiting step in tick vaccine development has been the identification of tick protective antigens. herein, we report the application of rna i ...201020018267
dissemination of spotted fever rickettsia agents in europe by migrating birds.migratory birds are known to play a role as long-distance vectors for many microorganisms. to investigate whether this is true of rickettsial agents as well, we characterized tick infestation and gathered ticks from 13,260 migratory passerine birds in sweden. a total of 1127 ixodes spp. ticks were removed from these birds and the extracted dna from 957 of them was available for analyses. the dna was assayed for detection of rickettsia spp. using real-time pcr, followed by dna sequencing for spec ...201020052286
severe ehrlichia infection in pediatric oncology and stem cell transplant patients.ehrlichiosis, a tickborne illness transmitted by tick vectors amblyomma americanum and ixodes scapularis, can be acquired in endemic areas. clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to fulminant in nature. we report three cases of ehrlichiosis in pediatric oncology patients, one of whom was a stem cell transplant recipient. early symptoms included fever, malaise, and vague gastrointestinal symptoms. laboratory abnormalities were initially attributed to chemotherapy toxicity. illness was se ...201020052776
detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in amblyomma flavomaculatum ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from lizard varanus exanthematicus imported to poland.adults and nymphs of amblyomma exornatum, a. flavomaculatum, a. latum, amblyomma spp. and hyalomma aegyptium, were collected from savannah monitors, royal python (africa, ghana) and marginated tortoises (europe, greece) imported to poland, in 2004-2007. altogether 345 ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsial agents. none of the tested ticks was positive for the glta gene of rickettsia spp. dna of 16s rrna gene from anaplasma phagocytophilum was amplified and sequenced fro ...201020084536
hosts, distribution and genetic divergence (16s rdna) of amblyomma dubitatum (acari: ixodidae).we supply information about hosts and distribution of amblyomma dubitatum. in addition, we carry out an analysis of genetic divergence among specimens of a. dubitatum from different localities and with respect to other neotropical amblyomma species, using sequences of 16s rdna gene. although specimens of a. dubitatum were collected on several mammal species as cattle horse, tapirus terrestris, mazama gouazoubira, tayassu pecari, sus scrofa, cerdocyon thous, myocastor coypus, allouata caraya, glo ...201020084537
ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of china.this paper presents results of an investigation and listing of tick species found in china during a survey in all 28 provinces. this will be a step towards a definitive list of tick species and their distribution. to date, the tick fauna of this area consists of 117 species in the following families: argasidae-argas (7 species), carios (4 species) and ornithodoros (2 species); ixodidae-amblyomma (8 species), anomalohimalaya (2 species), dermacentor (12 species), haemaphysalis (44 species), hyalo ...201020101443
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds in the eastern amazon, northern brazil, with notes on rickettsial infection in ticks.the aim of the study was to report tick infestations on wild birds in a region of the eastern brazilian amazon and evaluate the rickettsial infection of these ticks. wild birds captured by mist nets were examined for the presence of ticks, which were collected and identified to species by morphology or molecular methods. in addition, part of these ticks was individually tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting portions of the rickettsial genes glta and ompa. among 331 captured birds, repres ...201020140452
performance of a metarhizium anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited trap in reducing amblyomma variegatum populations in the field.experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales)-treated semiochemical-baited traps for control of amblyomma variegatum fabriscius (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions. unfed a. variegatum adults (118) were seeded in each 100-m plot and allowed to acclimatise for 3 days. on the fourth day (day 4), an emulsifiable formulation of m. anisopliae (consisting of 49.5% sterile distilled water, fungal conidia, 49.5% corn oil a ...201020153931
the international trade in reptiles (reptilia)--the cause of the transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) to poland.the problem of the unnatural transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) on reptiles (reptilia) imported to poland is presented. in the period from 2003 to 2007, 382 specimens of reptiles belonging to the following genera were investigated: testudo, iguana, varanus, gongylophis, python, spalerosophis, psammophis. the reptiles most infested with ticks are imported to poland from ghana in africa, and are the commonly bred terrarium reptiles: varanus exanthematicus and python regius. as a result of t ...201020153933
biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe.bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ...201020182535
detection of a new arsenophonus-type bacterium in canadian populations of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni.ticks of the genus dermacentor are important vectors of human and animal pathogens in north america. they also carry a variety of endosymbiotic (i.e. non-pathogenic) bacteria. the american dog tick, d. variabilis, is known to be infected with gammaproteobacteria of the genus arsenophonus. however, there have been no previous reports of arsenophonus-type bacteria in the rocky mountain wood tick, d. andersoni, a species that is sympatric with d. variabilis in the western parts of its distributiona ...201020186465
detection of "candidatus rickettsia sp. strain argentina"and rickettsia bellii in amblyomma ticks (acari: ixodidae) from northern argentina.ixodid ticks were collected from vegetation and from humans, wild and domestic mammals in a rural area in the semi-arid argentine chaco in late spring 2006 to evaluate their potential role as vectors of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. a total of 233 adult ticks, identified as amblyomma parvum, amblyomma tigrinum and amblyomma pseudoconcolor, was examined for rickettsia spp. we identified an sfg rickettsia of unknown pathogenicity, "candidatus rickettsia sp. strain argentina", in a. parvum ...201020186466
ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in ethiopia.ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats ...201020195754
blood meal analysis to identify reservoir hosts for amblyomma americanum ticks.efforts to identify wildlife reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens are frequently limited by poor understanding of tick-host interactions and potentially transient infectivity of hosts under natural conditions. to identify reservoir hosts for lone star tick (amblyomma americanum)-associated pathogens, we used a novel technology. in field-collected ticks, we used pcr to amplify a portion of the 18s rrna gene in remnant blood meal dna. reverse line blot hybridization with host-specific probes was th ...201020202418
isolation of rickettsia parkeri and identification of a novel spotted fever group rickettsia sp. from gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) in the united states.until recently, amblyomma maculatum (the gulf coast tick) had garnered little attention compared to other species of human-biting ticks in the united states. a. maculatum is now recognized as the principal vector of rickettsia parkeri, a pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) that causes an eschar-associated illness in humans that resembles rocky mountain spotted fever. a novel sfgr, distinct from other recognized rickettsia spp., has also been detected recently in a. maculatum specime ...201020208020
silencing of three amblyomma americanum (l.) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related proteins prevents ticks from feeding to repletion.the insulin-like growth factor (igf) binding proteins (igfbp) family is the regulatory arm of the igf signaling system that control mitogenic and anabolic actions of igf peptide hormones. this study describes cloning and biological characterization of three amblyomma americanum (l.) (aam) proteins that show amino-terminal sequence and secondary structure similarity to the igfbp superfamily. the three molecules here provisionally identified as aamigfbp-rp1 and short (s) and long (l) aamigfbp-rp6 ...201020228352
african tick-bite fever: a new entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple eschars in travelers. description of five cases imported from south africa to switzerland.african tick-bite fever (atbf) is a newly described spotted fever rickettsiosis that frequently presents with multiple eschars in travelers returning from sub-saharan africa and, to a lesser extent, from the west indies. it is caused by the bite of an infected amblyomma tick, whose hunting habits explain the typical presence of multiple inoculation skin lesions and the occurrence of clustered cases. the etiological agent of atbf is rickettsia africae, an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bacterium. ...201020233665
rickettsia infection in dogs and rickettsia parkeri in amblyomma tigrinum ticks, cochabamba department, bolivia.only few published data are available on ticks and tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in bolivia. to evaluate rickettsial seroprevalence and infection in dogs and ticks, during february-april 2007, we collected whole blood, sera, and ticks from dogs living in the rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of cochabamba, bolivia. dog sera were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect igg antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii and 68.2% of samples were found to be positive (n = 30; 95% c ...201020426684
the influence of temperature and humidity on oviposition and hatchability of amblyomma lepidum (dönitz, 1808) (acarina: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.the effect of temperature and humidity on the oviposition and hatchability of ablyomma lepidum was studied. above 90% of adult ticks applied on calves succeeded to attach and feed through 6-13 days. the development process was studied under three levels of temperature: 27, 35 and 40 degrees c, each level with five sets of humidity. temperature rather than humidity affected all developmental parameters. it was found that high temperature of 40 degrees c, even at high humidity 75.5-97.8% significa ...201020434269
exploiting the heterogeneous drop-off rhythm of amblyomma variegatum nymphs to reduce pasture infestation by adult ticks.tick distribution depends on the drop-off rhythm of the previous stage and on the suitability for tick survival of the environment where they are disseminated. studies were implemented in burkina faso to assess detachment pattern of engorged amblyomma variegatum nymphs. experiments were carried out with naturally infested cattle kept in a paddock or monitored when grazing community pasture. in the pasture, 80% of the nymphs detached between 14.00 h and 17.00 h while less than 25% did so in the p ...201020441678
[the characteristics of tick species (acari: ixodida) transferred on exotic reptiles to poland].some natural and unusual transfers of exotic ticks on hosts have been noticed in poland. reptiles together with migratory birds and migrating mammals, are the groups of vertebrates that transfer unknown tick species to the territory of poland. the majority of exotic reptiles brought to poland for breading and commercial purpose are infested by ticks. therefore the systematic list of ticks as well as their geographical distribution in the world, tick-host specificity, characteristic and morpholog ...201020450006
developmental stages and molecular phylogeny of hepatozoon tuatarae, a parasite infecting the new zealand tuatara, sphenodon punctatus and the tick, amblyomma sphenodonti.the developmental stages of hepatozoon tuatarae were elucidated in both the tuatara host, sphenodon punctatus and the tick, amblyomma sphenodonti. pcr amplicons from a. sphenodonti samples identified dna matching h. tuatarae. dissection of tick samples showed oogenesis and sporogony occurring in the haemocoel of a. sphenodonti with the average mature oocyst size being 236 x 228 microm. partial sequence data of the parasite's small subunit ribosomal gene, obtained by pcr, was used for phylogeneti ...201020451526
disrupting the amblyomma americanum (l.) cd147 receptor homolog prevents ticks from feeding to repletion and blocks spontaneous detachment of ticks from their host.the cd147 receptor is a cell-surface glycoprotein in the igg family that plays pivotal roles in intercellular interactions involved with numerous physiological and pathological processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling. we previously found an amblyomma americanum (aam) tick cd147 receptor homolog among genes that were up regulated in response to tick feeding stimuli. this study characterizes an aamcd147 receptor protein that is 72-83% conserved in other tick species and possess character ...201020451606
bacterial pathogens in ixodid ticks from a piedmont county in north carolina: prevalence of rickettsial organisms.in north carolina, reported human cases of tick-borne illness, specifically rocky mountain spotted fever, have escalated over the past decade. to determine the relative abundance of vectors and to estimate the risk of acquiring a tick-borne illness in peri-residential landscapes, ticks were collected in chatham county, a typical piedmont county and, samples of the ticks were tested for infection with selected bacterial pathogens using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. tick ...201020455778
experimental infection of the opossum didelphis aurita by rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, and rickettsia parkeri and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum.this work evaluated the infection of opossums (didelphis aurita) by rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, and rickettsia parkeri and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission to amblyomma cajennense and/or amblyomma dubitatum ticks. infection in d. aurita was induced by intraperitoneal inoculation with r. felis (n = 4 opossums), r. bellii (n = 4), and r. parkeri (n = 2). another group of six opossums were inoculated intraperitoneally with leibovitz-15 sterile culture medium, repre ...201020455783
high prevalence of rickettsia gravesii sp. nov. in amblyomma triguttatum collected from feral pigs.a survey of ectoparasites on feral pigs identified two commonly occurring ixodid tick species; amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum and ixodes australiensis. molecular screening of a. t. triguttatum and i. australiensis for the presence of rickettsia species detected the presence of rickettsiae belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) in 78.4% of screened a. t. triguttatum. none of the screened i. australiensis were positive for rickettsiae. sequence analysis of the glta and ompa loci of positive ...201020488632
host associations of dermacentor, amblyomma, and ixodes (acari: ixodidae) ticks in tennessee.from april 2007 to september 2008, 1,793 adult and nymphal ixodid ticks were collected from 49 counties in tennessee. six species were identified, including dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), ixodes texanus (banks), ixodes cookei packard, ixodes scapularis (say), and amblyomma maculatum koch, from 13 medium- to large-sized mammalian hosts and dragging through vegetation. raccoons were the most common vertebrate source (198 captures), accounting for 60% of ticks collected. d ...201020496589
sdetection of vector-borne agents in lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), from mississippi.in this study, we evaluated amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) in mississippi for the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis; ehrlichia ewingii, causative agent of human and canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis; borrelia lonestari, putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness; francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia; and rickettsia spp., particularly r. amblyommii, a suspected pathogen. we collected adult a. americanum from four region ...201020496596
evasin-3-like anti-chemokine activity in salivary gland extracts of ixodid ticks during blood-feeding: a new target for tick control.ticks exploit many evasion mechanisms to circumvent the immune control of their hosts including subversion of the communication language between cells of the immune system provided by chemokines and other cytokines. one subversive molecule secreted in the saliva of rhipicephalus sanguineus is evasin-3, a structurally unique 7 kda protein that selectively binds the neutrophil chemoattractants, cxcl8 and (with lower affinity) cxcl1. we compared anti-human cxcl8 and anti-mouse cxcl1/kc activities i ...201020500677
potential of medicinal plants in mosquito control.medicinal plants have long history as important components in traditional medicine, and food of humans since ancient egyptians and chinese. naturally occurring botanical compounds contain a broad range of chemical active ingredients can intervene in all biological processes of the mosquito, thus interrupt its life cycle and dispersal and reduce harms to humans and animals. many medicinal plants were tested for their pesticide and repellent potential, as crude material, essential oils or individu ...201020503582
the expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus and amblyomma cajennense.ticks secrete a cement cone composed of many salivary proteins, some of which are rich in the amino acid glycine in order to attach to their hosts' skin. glycine-rich proteins (grps) are a large family of heterogeneous proteins that have different functions and features; noteworthy are their adhesive and tensile characteristics. these properties may be essential for successful attachment of the metastriate ticks to the host and the prolonged feeding necessary for engorgement. in this work, we an ...201020529354
ticks (acari: ixodidae) on dogs from uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil.uberlândia in minas gerais state, southeastern brazil, has 622 000 inhabitants and is located in the cerrado biome, the south american savannah. the city dog population is estimated at 82 000 and identification of tick species and infestation prevalence on this host has not been determined. a major infectious disease of dogs in the city, canine ehrlichiosis, is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. at the same time, autochthonous leishmaniosis has been recently described in the city and ...201020537111
innate immunity in wooless lamb to larvae of amblyomma cajennense tick (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae).the cayenne tick amblyomma cajennense infests preferably horses in its adult form but other mammal species in its immature stages and is the main vector of rickettsia rickettsii, the brazilian spotted fever pathogen. as wooless lambs are often raised on pasture together with horses, an experiment was performed to investigate their possible acquisition of resistance to a. cajennense after experimental infestations. seven naïve wooless lambs were infested thrice at 60 days interval with immature a ...201020537112
localization of antigenic sites in unfed nymphs of amblyomma triste koch 1844 (acari: ixodidae) ticks by immunohistochemistry.the reactivity of sera collected from guinea pigs after three infestations with amblyomma triste nymphs on histological sections of the same tick species was investigated through immunohistochemistry to identify potential target cells and tissues. six guinea pigs were infested thrice, at 30 day intervals, with 30 nymphs of a. triste per animal per infestation. blood samples were collected from the guinea pigs 15 days after each infestation for serum separation; normal serum was obtained before t ...201020537113
ehrlichia ewingii infection and exposure rates in dogs from the southcentral united states.we used pcr and a novel serologic assay to determine infection and exposure rates to ehrlichia ewingii in dogs from an area of northeast oklahoma and northwest arkansas where amblyomma americanum ticks are abundant. of 143 dogs assayed, 13 (9.1%) harbored e. ewingii by pcr and 64 (44.8%) had antibodies to e. ewingii detected using a peptide-based microtiter plate elisa. dogs were more likely (p=0.001) to be positive by pcr if sampled in august (30.8%) but no association was found between seropos ...201020541322
survey of ixodid ticks in domestic ruminants in bedelle district, southwestern ethiopia.a survey aimed at determining the status of ticks in cattle, sheep and goats in bedelle district (southwestern ethiopia) was carried out from november 2007 to april 2008. out of the total 330 animals examined, 314 (95.2%) were found to be infested (harbouring of at least a single tick). high rates of infestations were recorded across all three host species. factors like month of collection, age and sex of host species did not show significant association with infestation rates. a total of 5,507 ...201020563884
a new tick kunitz type inhibitor, amblyomin-x, induces tumor cell death by modulating genes related to the cell cycle and targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of amblyomin-x, a serine protease kunitz-type inhibitor. amblyomin-x induced tumor mass regression and decreased number of metastatic events in a b16f10 murine melanoma model. alterations on expression of several genes related to cell cycle were observed when two tumor cell lines were treated with amblyomin-x. psmb2, which encodes a proteasome subunit, was differentially expressed, in agreement to inhibition of proteasomal activity in ...201020570593
ultrastructure features of the midgut of the female adult amblyomma cajennense ticks fabricius, 1787 (acari: ixodidae) in several feeding stages and subjected to three infestations.the digestive tract of amblyomma cajennense, as well as other species of ticks, is divided into the anterior, medium and posterior intestines and is the organ responsible for digestion of blood ingested during the meal on the host. the anterior and posterior regions are derived from the ectoderm and the medium one from the endoderm. in the present ultrastructural study, we analyzed the midgut of females in a semi- and fully engorged stages, on the rabbit host, which was subjected to three infest ...201020580564
ticks species (ixodida) in the summit municipal park and adjacent areas, panama city, panama.from september 2007 to september 2009, we studied the species of ticks present in the summit municipal park. ticks were extracted from zoo animals, free-living wild mammals and reptiles trapped, dead mammals on the roads and environment (ground and zoo burrows). a total of 2,649 ticks were collected: 2,167 immature stages (1,345 larvae and 822 nymphs) and 482 adults. seventeen species were identified: ornithodoros puertorricensis (argasidae), amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, ...201020585838
a quantitative comparison of two sample methods for collecting amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) in missouri.in studies of tick communities, sampling methodology may influence observed patterns. the objective of this study was to compare two sampling methods, dragging and dry ice baiting, in two habitats to assess abundance of off-host ticks. tick communities were monitored from march to december in a forested and an old-field habitat in northeast missouri. in each habitat, eight drag and eight dry ice bait samples were collected every 2 weeks on a permanent grid. the most common ticks collected were a ...201020585839
moulting and survival of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in quasi-natural conditions in burkina faso; tick predators as an important limiting factor.the survival rate of amblyomma variegatum engorged nymphs was studied in 9 cohorts released during the first part of the dry season (i.e. the nymph infestation period in the region) and placed on a natural savannah, either in plastic containers or in cages driven into the soil and open at the bottom. all nymphs put in the containers placed in the sun died rapidly, while a high moulting rate (94%) was observed in containers placed in the shade. this rate reached 63% for the ticks released in the ...201020593224
the life cycle of amblyomma auricularium (acari: ixodidae) using rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) as experimental host.the life cycle of amblyomma auricularium (conil) is reported for the first time, using rabbits as experimental host. developmental periods of free-living stages were observed in an incubator at 27 +/- 1 degrees c, 80 +/- 10% rh and 24 h darkness. the complete life cycle, including pre-feeding periods for each parasitic stage, ranged from 97 to 162 days. the overall sex ratio was 1.16:1 (m:f). feeding and premolt periods, molting success, and engorgement weight of nymphs were statistically differ ...201019554463
isolation and characterization of a novel borrelia group of tick-borne borreliae from imported reptiles and their associated ticks.the members of the genus borrelia are transmitted by arthropods and known to be infectious to vertebrates. here we found isolates and dnas belonging to the borrelia turcica and unknown borrelia species from imported reptiles and their ectoparasites. the borrelia strains were isolated from blood and multiple organs of exotic tortoises, and were experimentally infectious to captive-bred tortoises. these findings suggest that these tortoises may be a candidate as the reservoir host of the borrelia ...201019758349
influence of prescribed burns on the abundance of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in the missouri ozarks.the increasingly widespread use of prescribed burns to manage oak (quercus spp.)-hickory (carya spp.) forests in the missouri ozarks, usa, has considerable potential to alter the abundance of amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae), the lone star tick, an important vector of several emerging pathogens. in particular, responses of important tick hosts, primarily white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), to fire management and the resultant changes in the distribution and abundance of a. ame ...200919769033
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