Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| rearing and infection techniques for amblyomma species to be used in heartwater transmission experiments. | techniques for the rearing of amblyomma species to be used in heartwater (cowdria ruminantium) transmission experiments are discussed. these involve the breeding and maintenance of infected and non-infected strains of ticks. they include the feeding of ticks on sheep, rabbits, mice, tortoises and guinea fowl. | 1987 | 3448576 |
| the use of flumethrin 1% pour-on for the control of amblyomma spp. in various southern african countries. | efficacy trials with flumethrin 1% pour-on were conducted in 9 different areas in 3 southern and central african countries against amblyomma hebraeum and a. variegatum on cattle. a dose volume of 10 ml/100 kg body mass applied at bi-weekly intervals provided excellent control of both tick species on their predilection sites, irrespective of locally and seasonally high tick pressure. the trial results demonstrate clearly that this new concept of tick control can be effectively applied in commerci ... | 1987 | 3448582 |
| the effect of dipping on parasitic and free-living populations of amblyomma hebraeum on a farm and on an adjacent nature reserve. | domestic stock on a farm 30 km north of grahamstown were treated with an acaricide at regular intervals over a period of several years. this resulted in a marked reduction in all stages of development of amblyomma hebraeum on kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros), scrub hares (lepus saxatilis) and helmeted guinea fowl (numida meleagris) which were on the farm compared with the burdens of similar animals in an adjacent nature reserve. the populations of free-living larvae of a. hebraeum on this farm an ... | 1987 | 3448583 |
| effects of gamma radiation on spermatogenesis and fertility of male amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | amblyomma americanum males were treated with 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 krad of gamma radiation. testes of ticks treated with 2, 3, 4, 8, and 16 krad were smaller than those of ticks irradiated at lower levels and controls. no recognizable alteration in timing of spermatogenesis was noted among the different radiation groups, but severe breakdown and depletion of germinal cells was noted at 4, 8, and 16 krad. percent hatch of larvae from crosses of irradiated males and untreated females decrease ... | 1987 | 3585625 |
| computer simulation of population dynamics of the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | 1987 | 3585931 | |
| effects of season and area on ectoparasites of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in mississippi. | nine species of ectoparasites (4 acari, 2 mallophaga, 1 anoplura, 1 diptera, and 1 siphonaptera) were recovered from 126 white-tailed deer collected in northern, central, and southern mississippi. intensity and prevalence of adults of ixodes scapularis and larvae, nymphs, and adults of amblyomma americanum varied significantly over collection periods, but not between host sexes. lipoptena mazamae occurred on deer from only one study area. although individual deer were heavily parasitized by tric ... | 1987 | 3586204 |
| ultrastructural features of cowdria ruminantium in midgut epithelial cells and salivary glands of nymphal amblyomma hebraeum. | colonies of cowdria ruminantium were studied in midgut epithelial cells and salivary gland acini of nymphal amblyomma hebraeum that were infected experimentally as larvae. colonies were found in both tissues and studied with light and electron microscopy. colonies observed within gut cells frequently contained 2 types of the organism: electron-dense and reticulated forms. the morphology of colonies from salivary glands, as seen with light microscopy, varied from compact, densely-staining, small ... | 1987 | 3587934 |
| the development of amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) fed on rabbits immunized with tick hemolymph. | the possibility of interfering with the normal function of tick hemolymph using antihemolymph antibodies taken in with the bloodmeal, was investigated. cell free hemolymph from replete amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis ticks was used to immunize rabbits. immunized rabbits developed high antihemolymph antibody titers (ca. 10(5)) and had no ill side effects. rabbits were simultaneously infested with larvae, nymphs, and adult ticks. the biological performance of ticks fed on immunized ... | 1987 | 3588587 |
| tick infestations on livestock in the yemen arab republic and their potential as vectors of livestock diseases. | a survey of ticks on cattle, camels, sheep, goats and donkeys in four different geographical locations of the yemen arab republic (yar) was carried out to provide more information on the possible risk of tick-borne diseases to imported exotic cattle included in the yar's plans for livestock development. the most abundant ticks were hyalomma spp. particularly on camels. ticks found on cattle included hyalomma spp., amblyomma variegatum, boophilus annulatus and rhipicephalus spp. in general with t ... | 1987 | 3603710 |
| protection of cattle against heartwater in botswana: comparative efficacy of different methods against natural and blood-derived challenges. | five groups of tswana-cross castrated male cattle between 20 and 30 months of age (a total of 158 animals) were transported from a ranch in a heartwater-free area of south botswana to a feedlot near gaborone in the east of botswana where heartwater is endemic. on arrival, one group was vaccinated intravenously with the onderstepoort sheep blood heartwater vaccine, one group was vaccinated intravenously with the new onderstepoort tick-derived heartwater vaccine and a third group was vaccinated su ... | 1987 | 3604029 |
| computer simulation of area-wide management strategies for the lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | 1987 | 3669024 | |
| metabolism of ecdysteroids in the female tick amblyomma hebraeum (ixodoidea, ixodidae): accumulation of free ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the eggs. | [3h]-20-hydroxyecdysone ([3h]-20e) injected into amblyomma hebraeum females 7 days before the beginning of oviposition, viz. at the beginning of vitellogenesis, was converted to 3 polar peaks of unknown nature called 1, 2 and 3, and to apolar conjugates ap1, ap2 and ap3. ap2 have the same retention times as the esters of 20e with long chain fatty acids described in ornithodoros moubata (diehl et al. 1985). however, principally unmetabolized 20e was incorporated into the ovaries, and 16% of the i ... | 1987 | 3693624 |
| failure to detect infection in fallow deer (cervus dama) exposed to theileria cervi from white-tailed deer. | a frozen stabilate was produced from theileria cervi sporozoites in salivary glands of adult amblyomma americanum. the stabilate was inoculated into three fallow deer (cervus dama) and two white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). following inoculation, the white-tailed deer developed parasitemias as determined by blood smear examination at 11 and 13 days postexposure. repeat examination of blood from the three fallow deer for 30 days postexposure failed to reveal observable piro-plasms. these ... | 1987 | 3119873 |
| field sampling of unfed adults of amblyomma hebraeum koch. | no methods have previously been available for the field sampling of unfed adults of amblyomma hebraeum. we released 2000 unfed adults into a 5-m2 area in mopane woodland in southeastern zimbabwe. the ticks sought shelter beneath the debris on the soil surface but emerged and became active in host seeking when stimulated. effective stimuli were the odours of cattle and sheep and high concentrations of carbon dioxide from dry ice. the ticks did not respond to low concentrations of carbon dioxide, ... | 1987 | 3135161 |
| role of small mammals in population dynamics and dissemination of amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) at land between the lakes, tennessee. | 1987 | 3295243 | |
| control of induced infestations of adult amblyomma hebraeum with sustained release ivermectin. | the efficacy of ivermectin, administered in a sustained release formulation by intraruminal pumps at approximate daily dose rates of 20, 40 and 60 micrograms/kg, was evaluated in 16 cattle against induced infestations of 3 strains of adult amblyomma hebraeum. engorged female ticks were mass-measured and incubated, and reproductive data recorded. there was an increase in mortality of male and female ticks compared to that of controls with increasing daily dose of ivermectin, and a decrease in the ... | 1987 | 3295646 |
| purification of cowdria ruminantium by lectin cellular affinity chromatography. | this review covers the isolation of cowdria ruminantium by lectin cellular affinity chromatography from different amblyomma hebraeum sources. cellular affinity chromatography has been reviewed with special attention being given to the application of this technique in the isolation of rickettsiae. | 1987 | 3329313 |
| heartwater. the artificial transmission of cowdria ruminantium in domestic ruminants and mice. | the artificial transmission of cowdria ruminantium with infected blood, organ homogenates, peritoneal macrophages, tick stabilate and tissue culture cells is discussed. organ homogenates prepared from the myocardium, spleen, kidneys and liver of diseased animals are commonly used to infect mice. the efficacy of organ homogenates as a source of c. ruminantium depends on factors such as the route of inoculation and the heartwater isolate used. heartwater is artificially transmitted with infected t ... | 1987 | 3329318 |
| the application of the indirect fluorescent antibody test in research on heartwater. | the preparation of the antigen, details of the reagents, the titration of the antispecies conjugates and the execution of the indirect fluorescent antibody test are described. the sensitivity and specificity of the test and its applicability to the detection of antibodies to cowdria ruminantium are recorded. the test is both highly specific and sensitive and can be applied to a wide range of studies on heartwater, including epidemiology, determination of the c. ruminantium infection rate of ambl ... | 1987 | 3329322 |
| natural transmission of heartwater. | heartwater has been transmitted experimentally by 12 amblyomma species. their importance depends on the extent of their distribution, adaptation to domestic stock and their efficacy as vectors. except for one report of transovarial transmission, transmission is transstadial. ticks may obtain the infection while feeding on reacting animals, subclinically infected hosts or perhaps on immune animals after reinfection. there is a marked increase in the infectivity of infected ticks during feeding bu ... | 1987 | 3329324 |
| the tick vectors of cowdria ruminantium (ixodoidea, ixodidae, genus amblyomma) and their distribution. | twelve species of amblyomma are presently known to be capable of transmitting cowdria ruminantium. of these a. variegatum is the most important and widely distributed vector in africa. it has also extended its range considerably outside this continent, eastward to the yemen arab republic and to the islands of madagascar, réunion and mauritius, and westward to the cape verde islands and to some of the west indian islands. a. hebraeum is probably the only field vector in most parts of southern afr ... | 1987 | 3329325 |
| the ecology of the african vectors of heartwater, with particular reference to amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma variegatum. | the hosts, sites of attachment, life cycle, habitat requirements and seasonal abundance of amblyomma astrion, amblyomma cohaerens, amblyomma gemma, amblyomma hebraeum, amblyomma lepidum, amblyomma marmoreum, amblyomma pomposum, amblyomma sparsum, amblyomma tholloni and amblyomma variegatum, the 10 potential vectors of heartwater in africa, are listed. factors influencing the distribution and abundance of the ticks as well as interactions with other species and the role of predators and pathogens ... | 1987 | 3329326 |
| some avian and mammalian hosts of amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum (acari: ixodidae). | large numbers of birds, wild mammals and domestic stock from a variety of localities within the republic of south africa were examined for infestation with the ixodid ticks amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum. every warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus), burchell's zebra (equus burchelli), impala (aepyceros melampus) and kudu (tragelaphus strepsiceros) from the kruger national park in the north-eastern transvaal lowveld was infested with a. hebraeum. in the eastern cape province every helmet ... | 1987 | 3329327 |
| danger of introducing heartwater onto the american mainland: potential role of indigenous and exotic amblyomma ticks. | the existence of heartwater on 3 islands of the central lesser antilles and the presence of an efficient vector originating from africa, amblyomma variegatum, on most of the islands of this region constitute a serious threat for livestock on the american mainland. the disease can be introduced there either by infected animals or infected ticks. the most likely way is probably the transportation of domestic animals which are heavily infested by ticks. due to the low rate of infection of ticks in ... | 1987 | 3329328 |
| biochemical studies on the salivary glands and haemolymph of amblyomma hebraeum. | the functional significance of some components of salivary glands and of their secretion and of haemolymph of amblyomma hebraeum and other tick species is reviewed with respect to host responses at the attachment site, the survival of specific pathogens in the vector, the transmission of pathogens and immunological responses of the host to tick infestation. | 1987 | 3329330 |
| chemical control of the heartwater vectors. | this paper reviews available literature on the efficacy of acaricides against amblyomma hebraeum and other tick species, and presents information on tests done with registered chemicals in the laboratory. little published information is available on the efficacy of chemicals specifically against a. hebraeum. a host of formulations are registered for use as acaricides on cattle, sheep, and goats in south africa and thus, by implication, against this species. resistance has only been described to ... | 1987 | 3329335 |
| the natural control of heartwater vectors. | socio-economic factors and environmental considerations have increasingly encouraged the search for methods of tick control other than acaricidal treatment. biological control management regimes have, so far, not proved to be sound replacements for acaricides. the major natural control methods employed successfully at present are host resistance and pasture management. the former has been extensively studied and utilized in a one-host-tick situation, and its potential specificity for the amblyom ... | 1987 | 3329337 |
| hosts and population dynamics of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) on guadeloupe, french west indies. | 1988 | 3351867 | |
| abnormal development of amblyomma variegatum (acarina: ixodidae). | 1988 | 3351871 | |
| the developmental success of amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum on the leopard tortoise, geochelone pardalis. | the success of natural infestations of various life history stages of amblyomma hebraeum and amblyomma marmoreum on the leopard tortoise, geochelone pardalis, was compared. success was measured by the time taken for ticks to detach, as well as the percentage of ticks engorging and subsequently either moulting to the next life history stage or laying viable eggs. larvae of a. hebraeum were the only developmental stage not recovered. nymphae and female a. hebraeum were less successful in moulting ... | 1988 | 3353093 |
| the use of domestic chickens as laboratory hosts of the larvae of the bont tick, amblyomma hebraeum. | a comparison of attachment, engorgement and moulting success of amblyomma hebraeum larvae fed on domestic chickens and himalayan giant white rabbits indicates that chickens are better hosts than the rabbits. moreover the time needed for detachment of all engorged larvae is significantly less for chickens than for the rabbits. no evidence of induced immunity was found in chickens on re-infestation with larvae of a. hebraeum. | 1988 | 3353104 |
| seasonal changes in feeding on cattle and reproduction by amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions. | 1988 | 3357171 | |
| ticks parasitising the indian buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and their possible role in disease transmission. | a total of 13 ixodid tick species, boophilus microplus, haemaphysalis bispinosa, haemaphysalis cornupunctata, haemaphysalis himalaya, heamaphysalis montgomeryi, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma dromedarii, hyalomma marginatum isaaci, hyalomma (hyalommina) brevipunctata, hyalomma (hyalommina) hussaini, nosomma monstrosum, rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides, and r. turanicus were collected off 424 buffaloes from the northwestern states of india. ten tick species, amblyomma testudinarium, b. mi ... | 1988 | 3369083 |
| kinetic properties of toxic protease inhibitors isolated from tick eggs. | 1. egg-toxins from rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, boophilus microplus, boophilus decoloratus and hyalomma truncatum were found to be inhibitors of trypsin and in two cases also of chymotrypsin. 2. fast tight-binding and slow-binding inhibition were observed. 3. immunological identity of the toxins were assessed with ouchterlony immunodiffusion and elisa. 4. the protease content of b. decoloratus and amblyomma hebraeum tick eggs were determined by a linked enzyme assay. 5. the predictive value of ... | 1988 | 3391338 |
| evidence for regurgitation by amblyomma americanum. | western blot analysis of amblyomma americanum-derived midgut extracts using tick-resistant rabbit and guinea pig antisera demonstrated several unique polypeptides ranging from 7 to 355 kda. these polypeptides were not observed in similar blots of salivary gland extracts or serum from the respective host animals. the data from this study suggest that female a. americanum ticks regurgitate gut material during feeding. such a finding explains the ability of immunization with gut-derived preparation ... | 1988 | 3420794 |
| field sampling of unfed nymphs of amblyomma hebraeum. | unfed nymphs of amblyomma hebraeum koch, 1844 shelter under debris on the soil surface and become active in host-seeking when stimulated with carbon dioxide. the active nymphs are not attracted to sources of carbon dioxide and hence cannot be effectively sampled using static carbon dioxide traps. however, these nymphs will cling to flannelette and can be sampled by flagging. larger numbers are recovered if the soil surface is sampled using a vacuum device. | 1988 | 3137010 |
| ability to ixodes scapularis, dermacentor variabilis, and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) to acquire, maintain, and transmit lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi). | 1988 | 3193425 | |
| susceptibility of amblyomma americanum to natural and experimental infections with theileria cervi. | one hundred fifty amblyomma americanum were examined between march and september 1986 from cookson hills wildlife refuge in eastern oklahoma (usa). of these ticks, 11% (17 of 150) were infected with theileria cervi. field-collected nymphal ticks had an 8% (3 of 37) prevalence of infection averaging 1.0 infected acini/nymph. female ticks had a 16% prevalence of infection averaging 1.6 infected acini/female; t. cervi was not observed in salivary glands of field-collected male ticks. when laborator ... | 1988 | 3193564 |
| aggregation pheromones of the bont tick amblyomma hebraeum: identification of candidates for bioassay. | volatiles emitted by male amblyomma hebraeum while feeding on a rabbit were quantitatively sampled by the dynamic solvent effect and analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. changes in emissions of 2-methyl propanoic acid, benzaldehyde and 2-nitrophenol paralleled reported increases in the attractiveness of males to conspecific ticks after 4-5 days of feeding. these compounds are therefore candidates for the bioassay of pheromonal activity. | 1988 | 3194113 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. xxiii. helminth and arthropod parasites of warthogs, phacochoerus aethiopicus, in the eastern transvaal lowveld. | a total of 69 warthogs, phacochoerus aethiopicus, were collected from 4 localities within the kruger national park, eastern transvaal lowveld. these animals harboured 16 nematode species, 2 trematodes, 1 or 2 species of adult cestodes and the larval stages of 4 cestodes. no pattern of seasonal abundance could be determined for any of the helminths. the warthogs were also infested with 3 flea species, 1 louse species, 8 ixodid tick species, 1 argasid tick and the nymphae of a pentastomid. the sea ... | 1988 | 3194114 |
| comparative feeding behaviour and food preferences of oxpeckers (buphagus erythrorhynchus and b. africanus) in captivity. | the feeding methods, activities and behaviour of red-billed and yellow-billed oxpeckers in captivity were compared. both species were found to be very similar with regard to feeding. the differences observed were a greater dependence on ectoparasites such as flies and larger ticks (amblyomma hebraeum) and a higher food intake for the yellow-billed oxpecker. these differences are the result of the larger size, limited choice of host animals and closer host/oxpecker relationship of the yellow-bill ... | 1988 | 3194119 |
| feeding performance of amblyomma variegatum (acarina: ixodidae) fed repeatedly on rabbits. | rabbits infested with different stages of amblyomma variegatum fabricius, 1794 became resistant to subsequent infestations by the same tick. resistance was manifested by a reduction of 73.6% in the mean engorged weight of female ticks by the 3rd infestation. by the 5th infestation, only 70% of the nymphs engorged and their mean engorged weight was 57.7% of that of nymphs fed on tick-naive control rabbits. in the case of larvae, there was a 22.8% reduction in their mean engorged weight by the 6th ... | 1988 | 3197579 |
| ability of adults of amblyomma hebraeum (acarina: ixodidae) to feed repeatedly on sheep and cattle. | adult amblyomma hebraeum ticks were exposed at 14-day intervals on five sheep on 46 occasions and on three cattle on 15 occasions to determine the effects of repeated feeding. the engorged weight and percentage of ticks which fed successfully on sheep declined significantly at first but subsequently they increased. on cattle there was no progressive decline in engorged weight, although the percentage which fed successfully declined significantly and was lower than that for sheep. this decline wa ... | 1988 | 3201710 |
| medium-sized mammal hosts of amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) at land between the lakes, tennessee, and effects of integrated tick management on host infestations. | 1988 | 3204625 | |
| effects of photoperiod on nymphal diapause in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae). | 1988 | 3204627 | |
| the treatment of ticks on tortoises using amitraz. | amitraz at a concentration of 2 ml litre-1 of water successfully induced detachment of amblyomma marmoreum and amblyomma hebraeum ticks from the mountain tortoise, geochelone pardalis. detached ticks died without reattaching. at the strength used, amitraz had no apparent adverse effects on the tortoises. | 1988 | 3210221 |
| the presence of cowdria ruminantium antigen in various tissues of amblyomma hebraeum imagines as detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | investigation into the presence of c. ruminantium antigen, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in various tick tissues and haemolymph of adult amblyomma hebraeum ticks revealed that the organism invades a number of body parts and can be demonstrated in a. hebraeum. in females, the gut, salivary glands, hypodermis and synganglion and in males, the salivary glands and gut showed the highest concentration. | 1988 | 3217097 |
| remote recognition of amblyomma variegatum habitats in guadeloupe using landsat-tm imagery. | 1988 | 3232619 | |
| [effect of natural infestation by amblyomma variegatum ticks on the growth of creole cattle and goats]. | 1988 | 3253862 | |
| western blot analysis of amblyomma americanum-derived stage-specific and shared antigens using serum from guinea pigs expressing resistance. | serum from guinea pigs expressing resistance to larval, nymphal and adult amblyomma americanum ticks was used in western blot analyses to identify potential antigens from egg, larval and nymphal, and female salivary gland extract preparations. the results demonstrate multiple antigens unique to each life stage, as well as several shared proteins between the three life stages. however, it appears as if two particular proteins of 25 and 38 kda may be more important than others, based upon their pr ... | 1988 | 2455376 |
| morphogenetic diapause in amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae). | in southern africa, amblyomma variegatum fabricius is characterized by a strict seasonal activity. experiments were carried out to determine whether a diapause mechanism regulates this seasonality. engorged a.variegatum females were exposed to controlled laboratory conditions or natural field conditions at different times of the year. females exposed in a natural environment in september-october (short day) had significantly longer pre-oviposition periods than females exposed from november to ma ... | 1988 | 2980187 |
| prevalence of piroplasmosis in equines in the colombian province of cordoba. | eighty-two equine sera from 13 farms in northern colombia were examined for antibodies to babesia caballi and b. equi using the complement fixation (cf) and the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test. seroreactors to both piroplasms were present on all farms. the ifa test indicated a prevalence of 90% for b. caballi and 94% for b. equi. the cf test detected antibodies to b. caballi in 41% and to b. equi in 65% of the animals. the prevalence of seroreactors in different age groups revealed a si ... | 1988 | 3041656 |
| ticks parasitizing humans in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state. | a total of 126 tick specimens were submitted by tick bite victims to the westchester county department of health, white plains, new york, and to the new york medical college, medical entomology laboratory, armonk, new york, during 1985. these included 96 (76.2%) ixodes dammini, 26 (20.6%) dermacentor variabilis, and two (1.6%) amblyomma americanum. i. dammini parasitism was reported during all months of the year except december and february and involved all life stages. only d. variabilis adults ... | 1988 | 3189288 |
| characterization of tick antigens inducing host immune resistance. ii. description of rabbit-acquired immunity to amblyomma americanum ticks and identification of potential tick antigens by western blot analysis. | feeding by adult amblyomma americanum ticks induced a level of immunity in rabbits to subsequent tick feeding that resulted in a significant decrease in tick feeding success and fecundity. histological analysis of tick feeding sites in hosts expressing resistance revealed a predominant eosinophil response, with weak basophil and neutrophil infiltrates. while the basophil was never the dominant granulocyte at the tick feeding sites in resistant hosts, this cell exhibited the greatest increase in ... | 1988 | 3291384 |
| monitoring of naturally acquired and artificially induced immunity to amblyomma variegatum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks under field and laboratory conditions. | the ability of rabbits, goats and cattle to acquire immunity to the ixodid ticks amblyomma variegatum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus was studied under laboratory and field conditions. rabbits were successfully immunized with crude salivary gland extract (sge) and midgut extract (me) obtained from flat or partly fed female r. appendiculatus ticks. the lowest numbers of larvae were produced by females fed on rabbits immunized with unfed midgut extract. similar reductions in larval production cou ... | 1989 | 2766896 |
| delayed-type hypersensitivity test for assessing tick-immune status of cattle in zambia. | delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions were used to assess the tick resistance status of tonga calves in zambia. the antigen used in the tests was a homogenate of unfed nymphal rhipicephalus appendiculatus which had been shown to give protective immunity in guinea pigs to adult female r appendiculatus. there was a significant negative correlation between the intensity of the reactions and the total number of ticks (amblyomma variegatum, r appendiculatus, hyalomma truncatum, boophilus decol ... | 1989 | 2773195 |
| dugbe virus replication in nymph and adult amblyomma variegatum. | 1989 | 2772415 | |
| the effect of the bont tick (amblyomma hebraeum) on the weight gain of africander steers. | the effects of the bont tick amblyomma hebraeum on the productivity of cattle need to be quantified in order to design economically optimal control programs. liveweight gains (lwgs) of three groups of africander steers, maintained in the same pasture and exposed to zero, medium or high numbers of larvae, nymphs and adults of the tick, were measured. larvae and nymphs had no significant effect on lwg but adults had a large, statistically significant effect (p less than 0.05). the tick-free group ... | 1989 | 2815542 |
| effect of age on cholinesterase activity and protein of unfed larval ticks. | the cholinesterase (ache) activity and total protein in homogenates of unfed larvae of amblyomma americanum (l.), a. cajennense (fabricius), a. maculatum koch, anocentor nitens neumann, and boophilus microplus (canestrini) were determined weekly in ticks 1-6 wk of age. there was a considerable variation in total protein, ache, and the ratio of ache to protein as the ticks aged. however, ache activities were constant or increased with age and total protein levels were constant or decreased. no di ... | 1989 | 2918444 |
| comparison of the isozyme phenotypes of the morphologically similar ticks amblyomma cajennense and a. imitator (acari: ixodidae) from south texas. | a survey of amblyomma koch tick populations in southern texas revealed that a. imitator kohls was restricted to the two most southern counties, but that a. cajennense (fabricius) ranged at least as far north as kingsville, tex. females of the two species could be distinguished by the presence of chitinous tubercles on the festoons of a. cajennense and the presence of projections over both sides of the apron of the genital aperture in a. imitator. males were distinguished by size, ornamentation, ... | 1989 | 2926774 |
| pericarditis associated with tick-borne q fever. | a case of pericarditis associated with q fever is described. transmission was probably via an arthropod vector, which was most likely the kangaroo tick amblyomma triguttatum. complete recovery occurred in association with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents only. this is a rare presentation of q fever implicating transmission by a novel vector. | 1989 | 2775046 |
| pictorial key to the adults of hard ticks, family ixodidae (ixodida: ixodoidea), east of the mississippi river. | six genera and 27 species of hard ticks (ixodidae) currently are recognized in the united states east of the mississippi river as follows: amblyomma (4 species), boophilus (1), dermacentor (3), haemaphysalis (2), ixodes (16), and rhipicephalus (1). we present a diagrammatic couplet key to the adults of the six genera and 27 species of ixodidae found in the eastern portion of the united states. | 1989 | 2795615 |
| reduction of the amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) population at fort a.p. hill, virginia, by aerial application of diazinon granules: correlation of percentage control with received dose. | habitat (280 ha) of lone star tick, amblyomma americanum (l.), was aerially treated with 14% diazinon granules. concentration of acaricide reaching the forest floor ranged from 0.02 to 1.25 kg (ai)/ha. greater than 85% control was achieved at study plots receiving the highest dose. a positive correlation was shown between dose received at the forest floor and percentage of control of adults (r = 0.91) and nymphs (r = 0.86). | 1989 | 2795622 |
| comparison of flagging, walking, trapping, and collecting from hosts as sampling methods for northern deer ticks, ixodes dammini, and lone-star ticks, amblyomma americanum (acari:ixodidae). | ticks were sampled by flagging, collecting from the investigator's clothing (walking samples), trapping with dry-ice bait, and collecting from mammal hosts on fire island, ny, u.s.a. the habitat distribution of adult deer ticks, ixodes dammini, was the same in simultaneous collections from the investigator's clothing and from muslin flags. walking and flagging samples can both be biased by differences between investigators, so the same person should do comparative samples whenever possible. walk ... | 1989 | 2806016 |
| amblyomma marmoreum on tortoises of southern province, zambia. | reptiles from southern province, zambia were captured and inspected for ticks. seven of 18 tortoises (geochelone pardalis) were infested by small numbers of adults and nymphs of amblyomma marmoreum. under such circumstances, the tick had little apparent effect on the host. none of the 13 specimens representing four species of snakes examined were infested with ticks. | 1989 | 2810567 |
| polyfluoro 1,3-diketones as systemic insecticides. | a series of aryl polyfluoro 1,3-diketones were examined for systemic ectoparasiticidal activity in cattle. the compounds demonstrated efficacy against several economically important species of insects and acarina. at dosages of 5 mg/kg x1 or 0.35 mg/kg per day intraruminally, activity was observed against blowfly larvae (phormia regina), adult stable fly (stomoxys calcitrans), and lone star tick (amblyomma americanum). in vivo activity was not directly related to in vitro activity, showing a str ... | 1989 | 2769686 |
| female mediation of feeding time on cattle in adult lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae). | the extended feeding time response on cattle of adult lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.), during november through december is facultative and is mediated by the female. mean feeding time (11.8 d) in female ticks taken from the field and held at 14:10 (l:d) photoperiod and 25 degrees c for greater than or equal to 15 d was significantly shorter (p = 0.05) than for females taken directly from the field and fed on cattle (14.6 d). mean feeding times of females from the field paired to males ... | 1989 | 2769719 |
| habitat use by cattle affects host contact with lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae). | the location of zebu, british, and zebu x british cattle in tick-infested plots from march through september 1986 was compared with the location of amblyomma americanum l. in the same plots. in april, may, and june, zebu cattle spent less time (9.3-19.4%) in tick-infested quadrats than british (44.4-63.9%) or zebu-british (49.0-69.3%) cattle. in the same months, the probability that a. americanum would contact zebu cattle (1.5-19.6%) was significantly lower than for british (34.7-41.7%) or zebu- ... | 1989 | 2754101 |
| characterization of ixodid tick salivary-gland gene products, using recombinant dna technology. | ticks secrete an array of lesion-maintenance factors into the host via the salivary glands while feeding, some of which elicit an immune response by the host that adversely affects the ability of the tick to feed and reproduce. our approach to characterizing these factors has been to make expression libraries from mrna of salivary glands (from unfed and 3-day-feeding amblyomma americanum females) which will serve as sources of the genes (clones) that code for them. thus far, we have detected 10 ... | 1989 | 2758938 |
| acquired resistance to ixodid ticks induced by tick cement antigen. | antisera from guinea pigs made resistant to infestation with an ixodid tick of east and central africa, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, were used to identify the tick antigens they recognized by immunoblotting. most of the antigens were found in tick salivary glands and in tick attachment cement. antisera from r. appendiculatus-resistant guinea pigs also recognized some salivary-gland antigens in ticks of other species (r. pulchellus, r. evertsi, amblyomma variegatum and a. gemma). antibodies agai ... | 1989 | 2758939 |
| amblyomma variegatum ticks and the occurrence of bovine streptothricosis in antigua. | the association between the occurrence of amblyomma variegatum ticks and streptothricosis was studied on the caribbean island of antigua. the prevalence of streptothricosis was higher on animals having a. variegatum ticks compared to that of animals not infested with a. variegatum ticks. there was a steady increase in the prevalence of severe lesions as the level of infestation with adult a. variegatum ticks increased. however the distribution of skin lesions could not be related to the predilec ... | 1989 | 2763757 |
| parasite survey of eight wild animals in the ruma national park. | eight game animals representing seven species in the ruma national park in south nyanza, kenya, were examined for the presence of blood protozoa, ectoparasites, and helminthic and coccidian endoparasites using standard parasite-identification methods. haematological parameters were also determined. the oribi was positive for trypanosoma brucei ssp. and the reedbuck for t. congolense. no other blood protozoans were found. strongyle eggs were found in the faeces of all species except the water buc ... | 1989 | 2619384 |
| resistance of nguni, bonsmara and hereford cattle to ticks in a bushveld region of south africa. | counts of engorged female ticks on naturally infested cattle over a 2 year period, showed that indigenous nguni cattle harboured significantly fewer amblyomma hebraeum, boophilus decoloratus and hyalomma spp. during periods of peak abundance than either bonsmara or hereford cattle. fewer abscesses, associated with tick bite, were also present in the nguni cattle. individual tick resistance indices, determined after artificial tick infestation in the field, could not be correlated with hair lengt ... | 1989 | 2626263 |
| the host status of the striped mouse, rhabdomys pumilio, in relation to the tick vectors of heartwater in south africa. | striped mice, rhabdomys pumilio, were trapped over a 17 month period in the thomas baines nature reserve in the eastern cape province of south africa. captured mice were placed in cages, over water, and naturally detaching ticks were collected. only 5 larvae and 1 nymph of amblyomma hebraeum were recovered from the mice. these represented less than 0.1% of the total number of ticks recovered. no amblyomma marmoreum were recovered. as the vegetation and large mammals and tortoises in the thomas b ... | 1989 | 2626267 |
| transmission of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi). | the field and laboratory evidence incriminating nymphal ixodes dammini as the main vectors of borrelia burgdorferi is substantial. furthermore, other members of the ixodes (ixodes) ricinus 'complex', including i. ricinus, i. persulcatus, i. pacificus, and i. scapularis, are competent vectors of the lyme disease spirochete. although ticks in other genera are also naturally infected with b. burgdorferi, experimental evidence suggests that amblyomma and dermacentor ticks are inefficient vectors of ... | 1989 | 2667921 |
| [the coevolution of ixodid ticks and terrestrial vertebrates]. | paleontologic and zoogeographic data speak in favour of mesozoic origin of ixodid ticks. the absence of strict restrictions for the feeding on unusual species of hosts has caused the domination of polyphagy and oligophagy over monophagy among ixodid ticks. the same peculiarities of ixodid ecology are responsible for a restricted part or absence of phylogenetic parallelism with hosts in their evolution. primary food relations with reptiles are, apparently, preserved only in the genus aponomma and ... | 1989 | 2694077 |
| a mouse lethal dose assay for detection and titration of cowdria ruminantium (kwanyanga strain) in goats and ticks. | a mouse lethal dose assay was used to detect a mouse pathogenic strain (kwanyanga) of cowdria ruminantium, the etiological agent of heartwater in goats and ticks. the titer of the rickettsial organisms in goat blood was directly related to the febrile response of the goat and the rickettsia were undetectable after the fever subsided. the maximum rickettsial titer in goat blood was 10(3) mouse ld50 ml-1. cowdria-infected goat blood was shown to retain infectivity when held on ice for up to 2 h, b ... | 1989 | 2705290 |
| evaluation of the eradication program for amblyomma variegatum (acari:ixodidae) on puerto rico. | a cooperative effort between the united states department of agriculture, animal and plant health inspection service, veterinary services, the agricultural research service, and the department of agriculture, commonwealth government of puerto rico has been successful in eradicating amblyomma variegatum (fabricius) from the islands of puerto rico and vieques (an island municipality of puerto rico). application of acaricides to livestock and dogs at 14-day intervals for an 18-month period eliminat ... | 1989 | 2707108 |
| sites of attachment and density assessment in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on nursing beef calves. | primary attachment sites of male, female, and nymphal amblyomma americanum (l.) on nursing beef calves were the axillary, inguinal and perianal areas of the body. about 50% of all larvae fed on the ears. a density assessment method which uses the number of a. americanum on less than or equal to 5 body areas to predict the total number of ticks (tick burden) on the left side of a calf is presented. estimates of tick burden for male, female, nymphal and larval a. americanum each require examinatio ... | 1989 | 2714123 |
| [dermatophilus congolensis bovine dermatophilosis in the french west indies. iii. a comparison between infected and non-infected cattle]. | the determination of the distinctive features between infected and uninfected cattle by dermatophilus has been performed among 93 bovine stock in la martinique, and 120 in la guadeloupe and saint-martin islands. nearly half of the herds had been or were infected. morbidity rates reach 33 per cent in la martinique and 29 per cent in la guadeloupe with a mortality ratio of 15 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. no frequency difference could be observed with respect to the season or the geographi ... | 1989 | 2485539 |
| experimental studies on the replication and transmission of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in some african tick species. | seven african tick species were studied as potential vectors of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. engorged nymphae of 4 ixodid species, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, h. truncatum, rhipicephalus evertsi mimeticus, and amblyomma hebraeum, were inoculated intracoelomically with cchf virus and assayed for virus content at varying times post-inoculation. the virus replicated in all 4 species, reaching maximum titers of 4.6-5.5(10) fluorescence focus units per ml on days 5-9 post-inoculatio ... | 1989 | 2494900 |
| experimental infection of six species of ixodid ticks with dugbe virus (family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus). | the vector potential of each of 6 species of colonized north american and african ixodid ticks was assessed by intracoelomic inoculation with dugbe virus (ibar 1792, 14th passage in suckling mouse brain) and viral titers were monitored after selected incubation periods. persistence of dugbe virus for greater than or equal to 53 days in 5 species (dermacentor andersoni, d. variabilis, amblyomma americanum, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and r. sanguineus) indicates that infection occurred. viral t ... | 1989 | 2496609 |
| ectoparasitic acari found on golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) from brazil. | anesthetized golden lion tamarins (leontopithecus rosalia rosalia), a highly endangered species, were examined for ectoparasites by brushing the fur and swabbing the ears. ectoparasites recovered from the fur included four species of immature ticks (amblyomma spp.), three species of chiggers (euschoengastia sp., microtrombicula brennani and speleocola tamarina), and one species of follicular mite (rhyncoptes anastosi). ectoparasites do not seem to be of particular significance to the health of t ... | 1989 | 2503627 |
| difference in vector competence of two species of sympatric ticks, amblyomma variegatum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus, for dugbe virus (nairovirus, bunyaviridae). | amblyomma variegatum was shown to be a competent vector of dugbe (dug) virus whereas rhipicephalus appendiculatus was not. when dug virus was taken up orally by a. variegatum nymphs, during capillary feeding, the virus replicated and persisted through moulting to the following adult stage. in contrast, although dug virus replicated in capillary fed r. appendiculatus nymphs, the virus did not persist trans-stadially into the adult stage. if the oral route of infection was by-passed by direct inoc ... | 1989 | 2510418 |
| vector capacity of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and amblyomma variegatum for thogoto and dhori viruses. | experimental studies were undertaken to ascertain the vector potential of rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann and amblyomma variegatum fabricius for thogoto (tho) and dhori (dho) viruses, candidate members of the orthomyxoviridae. in the first set of experiments, ticks were infected orally by feeding on viraemic hamsters. tho virus replicated in r. appendiculatus and a. variegatum, persisted trans-stadially in both tick species, and was transmitted to susceptible hosts during feeding. in contra ... | 1989 | 2519663 |
| ecological aspects of cattle tick control in central zambia. | in ecological studies in central zambia, both climate and ecotype affected population dynamics of tick species. below average rainfall for several years caused a suppression in numbers of rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann adults. reduction in rainfall leading to changes in grazing patterns is thought to have been responsible for an increase in numbers of amblyomma variegatum fabricius adults in a grassland habitat. there were reasonable correlations between numbers of each tick species on ind ... | 1989 | 2519677 |
| effect of tick control on liveweight gain of cattle in central zambia. | field trials were carried out during 1982-86 in two different ecotypes in central zambia to determine the impact of tick control on the liveweight gain (lwg) of cattle. during the first 2 years of the trial a diamidide acaricide (amitraz) sprayed at weekly intervals caused periodic depression in lwg in young animals. thereafter a pyrethroid acaricide (cypermethrin) was used. during the 1984-85 tick season infestations of 50-120 adult amblyomma variegatum fabricius in untreated animals caused sig ... | 1989 | 2519678 |
| resistance and cross-resistance in guinea-pigs and rabbits to immature stages of ixodid ticks. | infestation of guinea-pigs and rabbits with larvae of any one of five species of ticks, rhipicephalus appendiculatus neumann, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi neumann, amblyomma hebrauem koch, amblyomma variegatum fabricius and ixodes ricinus l., conferred resistance in the animals when exposed to subsequent infestations with the same tick species. resistance to infestations by other tick species was not observed. | 1989 | 2519683 |
| [interrelatio of acari ixodidae and hosts of edentata of the serra da canastra, minas gerais, brazil]. | we received for examination a small colection of ticks captured in the national park of the serra da canastra (mg), between 1979 and 1980. the authors demonstrated the existence of a broad co-accomodation of amblyomma pseudoconcolor on edentata of the family dasypodidae, being dasypodini the tribe more adjusted to this infestation. in conformity to the figs 1 and 2, dasypodini are probably the real hosts of a. pseudoconcolor and also the oldest hosts. for the first time, a. pseudoconcolor is als ... | 1989 | 2319951 |
| the role of males of the bont tick (amblyomma hebraeum) in the transmission of cowdria ruminantium (heartwater). | the role of males of the bont tick (amblyomma hebraeum) in the transmission of cowdria ruminantium (heartwater) was investigated. transstadial (nymph to adult) and intrastadial transmission were demonstrated. males transferred from live or dead hosts to live hosts were shown to transmit c. ruminantium repeatedly. it was concluded that male transmission is of importance in the epidemiology of heartwater. | 1989 | 2588467 |
| control of lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae) on spanish goats and white-tailed deer with orally administered ivermectin. | ivermectin administered orally to spanish goats, capra hircus (l.), or to white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus (zimmerman), was highly effective against lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l.). for spanish goats, daily oral doses of 20 micrograms/kg resulted in greater than or equal to 2 ppb ivermectin in the blood. this level was sufficient to cause greater than 95% reduction of estimated larvae from feeding ticks. a bioassay with horn flies, haematobia irritans (l.), was developed to e ... | 1989 | 2607030 |
| [the efficacy of alphamethrin-impregnated ear tags against ticks]. | the efficacy of 3 kinds of alphamethrin-impregnated ear tags was tested against natural amblyomma hebraeum, boophilus decoloratus, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi infestations of cattle. one type of ear tag was also tested in combination with a tail band of similar material. ticks were counted macroscopically on their predilection sites. counts of b. decoloratus, r. appendiculatus, and r. e. evertsi on all trial animals diminished steadily during the first 7d afte ... | 1989 | 2607535 |
| pheromone-mediation of host-selection in bont ticks (amblyomma hebraeum koch). | the bont tick, amblyomma hebraeum, is the principal vector to southern african ruminants of heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection). the role of feeding male ticks, which emit an aggregation-attachment pheromone, in attracting unfed ticks to cattle was investigated. calves infested with feeding male ticks were more attractive to unfed adult ticks than were uninfested calves. the presence of the pheromone on previously infested cattle apparently allows unfed ticks to discriminate between hosts ... | 1989 | 2911745 |
| the carrier status of sheep, cattle and african buffalo recovered from heartwater. | sheep, cattle and the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) were shown to remain carriers of heart-water (caused by cowdria ruminantium) for long periods after recovery; 223, 246 and 161 days, respectively. transmission was achieved using adults of the southern african bont tick (amblyomma hebraeum) that had fed as nymphs on recovered animals. our findings differ from those of other workers who attempted transmission using nymphs that had fed as larvae on recovered animals or with blood from recover ... | 1989 | 2617830 |
| spectral sensitivity, absolute threshold, and visual field of two tick species, hyalomma dromedarii and amblyomma variegatum. | 1. the spectral sensitivity in the wavelength range of 340-750 nm was determined by both a behavioral approach based on spontaneous positive phototaxis and the electroretinogram (erg). 2. concerning phototaxis the camel tick, hyalomma dromedarii, showed two sensitivity maxima, one in the uv range (ca. 380 nm) and another in the blue-green range (ca. 500 nm). at higher intensities the relative sensitivity was more pronounced in the uv and at lower intensities more pronounced in the blue-green (re ... | 1989 | 2746548 |
| [ticks of the family ixodidae in guinea and the isolation of arboviruses from them. ii. results of virologic and serologic research]. | 55697 ixodidae ticks of 35 species, belonging to 7 genera, were collected in guinea in 1981-1983. virological study of 29410 ticks was performed by intracerebral infection of newborn white mice. 49 viral strains were isolated. authors identified 38 strains of the 8 following arboviruses: dugbe, bhanja, cgl-congo (ecologically connected with ticks), blue tongue virus of sheep and abadine (association with ticks was found for the first time), kindia and forekarya (the new viruses). serological scr ... | 1989 | 2811754 |
| helminth and arthropod parasites of angora goats on irrigated kikuyu grass pastures in the eastern cape province. | angora goat kids and yearlings grazing irrigated kikuyu (pennisetum clandestinum) grass pastures in the eastern cape province, became heavily infected with teladorsagia circumcincta and trichostrongylus rugatus, leading to high mortality in both age groups. peak burdens of the former were recorded during march and may, and of the latter during may and june. larger numbers of the cestode moniezia expanza, occurred in the kids than in the yearlings. despite the stress of high helminth burdens, no ... | 1990 | 2286996 |
| resistance of brahman and simmentaler cattle to southern african ticks. | field collections of ticks from two breeds of cattle in the north western transvaal showed the common tick species to be rhipicephalus appendiculatus, amblyomma hebraeum, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and hyalomma marginatum rufipes. the number of these ticks was higher on simmentaler than on brahman cattle. correlation was found between the number of ticks on the cattle and their serum gamma globulin levels indicating an increase in the production of antibodies. similar correlation was also fou ... | 1990 | 2339000 |
| infection rates with cowdria ruminantium of nymphs and adults of the bont tick amblyomma hebraeum collected in the field in zimbabwe. | cowdria ruminantium (heatwater) infection rates of field populations of the bont tick, amblyomma hebraeum, were determined at two locations in the southern lowveld of zimbabwe. at mbizi quarantine station, unfed adult males and females, and nymphs were collected at intervals over a 2-year period using traps. at lemco ranch, engorged nymphs were collected on three occasions from weaner calves and allowed to moult to adults. the unfed ticks were fed in small pools on heartwater-susceptible sheep, ... | 1990 | 2399648 |
| detection of an arbovirus in an invertebrate and a vertebrate host using the polymerase chain reaction. | the ability of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to diagnose an arboviral infection in an arthropod vector or a mammalian host was examined. dugbe (dug) viral rna was detected in rna extracts from infected tissue samples by reverse transcription and enzymatic amplification of the resulting cdna using taq dna polymerase, followed by characterisation of the amplified product by agarose gel electrophoresis or dot-blot hybridisation. viral rna was detected in the organs and haemolymph of infected ... | 1990 | 1707893 |