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a sustained release gel formulation of doramectin for control of lone star ticks (acari: ixodidae) and horn flies (diptera: muscidae) on cattle.a gel formulation formed by incorporating technical doramectin into a 10% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose aqueous solution was used to subcutaneously inject steers at varying dosages. doramectin serum concentration of steers receiving 600 microg (ai)/kg body weight declined from 21.9 ppb at 0.5 wk to below detectable at 8 wk postinjection. the 1,200 microg (ai)/kg injection resulted in serum concentrations of 29.1 ppb at 0.5 wk and declined to 0.5 ppb at 8 wk postinjection. both the 600 and 1,200 ...200919449664
efficacy of eprinomectin and doramectin against amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) on cattle.steers were treated with doramectin or eprinomectin by daily oral capsule for 28 consecutive days. the level of doramectin in the serum of steers treated at 200 microg/kg/d reached a maximum of 104.0 +/- 22.1 ppb at day 21 and declined from 93.3 +/- 20.5 ppb on the final day of treatment to below detectable by day 56. steers treated at 50 microg/kg/d reached a maximum level of doramectin in the serum of 24.7 +/- 1.2 ppb on day 21 and declined from 24.7 +/- 0.6 ppb on the final day of treatment t ...200919449665
transovarial and trans-stadial transmission of rickettsiae africae in amblyomma variegatum ticks. 200919456811
amblyomma boeroi n. sp. (acari: ixodidae), a parasite of the chacoan peccary catagonus wagneri (rusconi) (artiodactyla: tayassuidae) in argentina.all parasitic stages of amblyomma boeroi n. sp. (acari: ixodidae) are described here from catagonus wagneri (rusconi) in argentina. the diagnostic characters for the male are a combination of orbited eyes, a 2/2 dental formula, coxa iv considerably larger than coxae i-iii and with a long, sickle-shaped, medially directed spur arising from its internal margin, a scutum which is light grey to very pale ivory in colour, and the absence of a postanal groove. the diagnostic characters for the females ...200919472076
hepatozoon canis infecting dogs in the state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil.from may 2007 to march 2008, blood samples were collected from 92 healthy dogs living in 21 households (17 farms in rural area, and 4 homes in urban area) in 6 counties of the state of espírito santo, southeastern brazil. in addition, ticks were collected from these dogs. a mean of 4.4+/-3.0 dogs (range: 1-12) were sampled per household; 78 and 14 dogs were from rural and urban areas, respectively. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) designed to amplify fragments of the 18s rdna gene of babesia spp ...200919482427
prospective health assessment of fort campbell, kentucky patrons bitten by ticks.amblyomma americanum is an aggressive human-biting tick that transmits several known human pathogens and is associated with a lyme disease-like illness of unknown etiology. to determine the frequency, distinguishing clinical characteristics, and etiology ofa. americanum-associated illness and identify associated risk factors, a prospective study of adult tick-bite victims was conducted at fort campbell from 2005-2007. forty-two participants submitted ticks, none of which contained borrelia lones ...200919485114
demonstration of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto infection in ticks from the northeast of mexico.borrelia burgdorferisensu lato infection has been confirmed in clinical cases in the northeast of mexico; however, the bacterium has not been identified as infecting the tick vector ixodes, amblyomma and dermacentor ticks were collected from mammals and plants in northeastern mexico and examined for borrelia. eighteen of 214 ticks were pcr-positive for the fla and 16s rrna genes and 15 for the ospa gene. southern blotting with a fla probe and sequencing of ospa genes confirmed infection with b. ...200919489926
immunisation with recombinant proteins subolesin and bm86 for the control of dermanyssus gallinae in poultry.dermanyssus gallinae has a worldwide distribution and is considered to be the most serious and economically significant ectoparasite affecting egg-laying poultry in europe. recombinant bm86 and subolesin proteins derived from boophilus microplus ticks and aedes albopictus mosquitoes were used to immunise poultry in an attempt to control d. gallinaein vitro. immunisation with subolesin and bm86 stimulated different profiles of igy response, whilst bm86 but not subolesin was recognized by igy on w ...200919501789
acquisition and transmission of hepatozoon canis (apicomplexa: hepatozoidae) by the tick amblyomma ovale (acari: ixodidae).the present study aimed to evaluate under controlled conditions the acquisition of hepatozoon canis by amblyomma ovale after feeding on infected dogs, and the subsequent induction of infection in uninfected dogs that ingested the experimentally infected ticks. two h. canis naturally infected dogs were infested with a. ovale adult ticks derived from an uninfected laboratory tick colony. after feeding, two a. ovale females presented h. canis oocysts in the hemolymph at the first and fourth days af ...200919501969
microarray analysis of gene expression changes in feeding female and male lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (l).a collection of est clones from female tick amblyomma americanum salivary glands was hybridized to rna from different feeding stages of female tick salivary glands and from unfed or feeding adult male ticks. in the female ticks, the expression patterns changed dramatically upon starting feeding, then changed again towards the end of feeding. on beginning feeding, genes possibly involved in survival on the host increased in expression as did many housekeeping genes. as feeding progressed, some of ...200919514082
[stari--a new tick borne spirochetosis].southern tick associated rash illness (stari), also known as masters disease is caused by borrelia lonestari spirochetes and it is transmitted by amblyomma americanum tick. early symptoms of stari are similar to early lyme borreliosis (skin rash resembling erythema migrans). in diagnostic of stari traditional methods are not effective. the decision of antibiotic treatment (similar to lyme borreliosis) still remain based on clinical picture.200919522220
closing the gaps between genotype and phenotype in rickettsia rickettsii.rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) caused by rickettsia rickettsii is a severe rickettsiosis that occurs in nearly every state of the continental usa. rmsf is endemic in central and southern america, with recent well-documented cases in mexico, costa rica, panama, colombia, brazil, and argentina. rmsf is the most malignant among known rickettsioses causing severe multiorgan dysfunction and high case fatality rates, which can reach 73% in untreated cases. variations in pathogenic biotypes of r. ...200919538260
ecology of rickettsia in south america.until the year 2000, only three rickettsia species were known in south america: (i) rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by the ticks amblyomma cajennense, and amblyomma aureolatum, reported in colombia, argentina, and brazil, where it is the etiological agent of rocky mountain spotted fever; (ii) rickettsia prowazekii, transmitted by body lice and causing epidemic typhus in highland areas, mainly in peru; (iii) rickettsia typhi, transmitted by fleas and causing endemic typhus in many countries. d ...200919538276
male engorgement factor: role in stimulating engorgement to repletion in the ixodid tick, dermacentor variabilis.mating in ticks results in profound physiological changes that eventually results in egg production. in the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis, mating causes partially blood-fed female ticks to commence rapid engorgement to repletion and eventual detachment from the host and egg laying. the peptidic male pheromone (engorgement factor alpha/beta) transferred to the female during mating is known only from a single tick species, amblyomma hebraeum, and was shown to consist of two peptides pr ...200919538967
a borreliacidal factor in amblyomma americanum saliva is associated with phospholipase a(2) activity.previous work in our laboratory described the in vitro killing of borrelia burgdorferi when co-cultured with saliva from adult amblyomma americanum. borreliacidal activity was not evident using ixodes scapularis saliva. mixing trypsin with saliva eliminated the borreliacidal activity of a. americanum saliva, while incorporating a trypsin inhibitor restored all borreliacidal activity, indicating this factor was of protein or peptide origin. one dimensional page indicated at least 7 major protein ...200919545533
unique biological rhythm in the reproductive behaviour of female ticks of reptiles.we report the discovery of a biological rhythm in the reproductive behaviour of the tick bothriocroton hydrosauri that was absent in amblyomma limbatum, a species that occurs on the same species of reptile host. female b. hydrosauri mated in autumn or winter delayed oviposition until the following spring, while there was no diapause in conspecific females mated in spring or early summer. initiation of ovipositional diapause in ticks is usually related to photoperiodic stimuli, but this was not t ...200919126271
biology and life cycle of amblyomma incisum (acari: ixodidae).amblyomma incisum neumann is a major tick species in the atlantic forest of brazil. tapir is the main host for adult ticks and a high aggressiveness of nymphs to humans has been reported. in this work data on the biology and life cycle of this tick species is presented for the first time. it was shown that horse is a suitable host for a. incisum adults and rabbit for larvae and nymphs. it was also shown that a. incisum is a big tick species (mean engorged female weight of 1.96 g) with a long lif ...200919130270
efficacy of the new repellent bioud against three species of ixodid ticks.bioud with the active ingredient 2-undecanone originally derived from wild tomato plants is a new repellent recently registered by the us epa. repellent efficacy of bioud (7.75% 2-undecanone) and deet (98.11%) was examined in the laboratory using a choice test between repellent-treated and control filter paper surfaces for amblyomma americanum, dermacentor variabilis, and ixodes scapularis. bioud provided greater repellency against a. americanum and i. scapularis than deet. no difference was fou ...200919140016
experimental infection of capybaras hydrochoerus hydrochaeris by rickettsia rickettsii and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks amblyomma cajennense.the present study evaluated the infection of capybaras (hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) by rickettsia rickettsii and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission of r. rickettsii to amblyomma cajennense ticks. two groups of two capybaras each were evaluated: on day 0, group 1 (g1) was infested by r. rickettsii-infected ticks, and group 2 (g2) was inoculated intraperitoneally with r. rickettsii. two additional groups were control groups, not exposed to r. rickettsii, being cg1 group the c ...200919147293
transmission of cytauxzoon felis to a domestic cat by amblyomma americanum.cytauxzoon felis was transmitted to a domestic cat by amblyomma americanum. the infection was produced by the bite of a. americanum adults that were acquisition fed as nymphs on a domestic cat that naturally survived infection of c. felis. fever, inappetence, depression, and lethargy were first noted 11 days post-infestation (dpi). pale mucus membranes, splenomegaly, icterus, and dyspnea were also observed during the course of the disease. the body temperature of the experimentally infected c. f ...200919168288
comments on controversial tick (acari: ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008.there are numerous discrepancies in recent published lists of the ticks of the world. here we review the controversial names, presenting evidence for or against their validity and excluding some altogether. we also address spelling errors and present a list of 17 species described or resurrected during the years 2003-2008. we consider the following 35 tick species names to be invalid: argas fischeri audouin, 1826, ornithodoros boliviensis kohls and clifford, 1964, ornithodoros steini (schulze, 1 ...200919169832
ecological aspects of the free-living ticks (acari: ixodidae) on animal trails within atlantic rainforest in south-eastern brazil.in a recent ecological study of the ticks on animal trails within an area of atlantic rainforest in south-eastern brazil, amblyomma aureolatum, a. brasiliense, a. incisum, a. ovale and haemaphysalis juxtakochi were found questing on the vegetation. most of the ticks recorded by a small, man-made dam on the forest border were a. dubitatum but a few a. brasiliense and a. cajennense, one a. incisum and one h. juxtakochi were also found. the seasonal activity of the ticks indicated that a. incisum a ...200919173777
kupe virus, a new virus in the family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus, kenya.we have previously described isolation and preliminary identification of a virus related to dugbe virus (dugv), family bunyaviridae, genus nairovirus. six isolates of the virus were obtained from pools of amblyomma gemma and rhipicephalus pulchellus ticks collected from hides of cattle in nairobi, kenya, in october 1999. we report results of further characterization of this virus, including growth kinetics in cell culture and full-length genome sequencing and genetic characterization, which show ...200919193256
isolongifolenone: a novel sesquiterpene repellent of ticks and mosquitoes.a naturally occurring sesquiterpene, isolongifolenone, derivatives of which have been used extensively as ingredients in the cosmetics industry, was discovered to effectively repel blood-feeding arthropods that are important disease vectors. we show that (-)-isolongifolenone deters the biting of the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles stephensi liston, more effectively than the widely used synthetic chemical repellent, n,n-diethyl-3-methyl benzamide (deet), in laboratory bioassays. the ...200919198523
detection of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia lonestari in birds in tennessee.lyme disease in the united states is caused by the bacterial spirochete borrelia burgdorferi s.s. (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner), which is transmitted by tick vectors ixodes scapularis (say) and i. pacificus (cooley and kohls). borrelia lonestari, transmitted by the tick amblyomma americanum l., may be associated with a related syndrome, southern tick-associated rash illness (stari). borrelia lonestari sequences, reported primarily in the southeastern states, have also been de ...200919198527
prevalence of anaplasma marginale in different tick species from ngorongoro crater, tanzania.in 2001, ngorongoro crater was infested with high density of ticks on grassland, livestock and wildlife which was also associated with high mortality. adult ticks were collected, identified, processed for nucleic acids extraction and a molecular analysis was performed to determine the range of tick species harboring anaplasma marginale. the real-time pcr was used in the amplification of rickettsia dna in tick pools (n=527) from 11 identified tick species. six tick species were detected with a. m ...200919201099
bovine dermatophilosis, a re-emerging pandemic disease in zimbabwe.to determine the current distribution of bovine dermatophilosis in zimbabwe, participatory rural appraisals were held at 36 locations in six districts. results showed that bovine dermatophilosis is no longer confined to hwange-lupane area, but is now endemic in gokwe, sanyati, kwekwe, and kadoma. virgin outbreaks of the disease were preceded by the appearance of amblyomma variegatum ticks within an area. spreading to new geographical areas (cited above) occurred during the liberation struggle (1 ...200919212820
conservation and immunogenicity of the mosquito ortholog of the tick-protective antigen, subolesin.the control of arthropod vectors of pathogens that affect human and animal health is important for the eradication of vector-borne diseases. the ortholog of the tick-protective antigen, subolesin, was identified in aedes albopictus and found to have conserved epitopes in ticks and mosquitoes. rna interference with the tick and mosquito double-stranded rna in three tick species resulted in significant gene knockdown and decreased tick weight and/or survival. feeding anopheles atroparvus, aedes ca ...200919229557
redescription of the female, description of the male, and several new records of amblyomma parkeri (acari: ixodidae), a south american tick species.the tick amblyomma parkeri fonseca and aragão was described in 1952, based on female and immature ticks collected in the states of são paulo and santa catarina, brazil. thereafter, there has been no further report of a. parkeri, and the male has remained unknown. herein, we examined ticks collected on porcupines from a locality in the state of são paulo. some of the ticks were identified as amblyomma longirostre (koch, 1844), whereas others as a. parkeri, including male specimens, for which we p ...200919241123
infection and replication of bartonella species within a tick cell line.bartonella species are fastidious, gram negative bacteria, some of which are transmitted by arthropod vectors, including fleas, sandflies, and lice. there is very little information regarding the interaction and/or transmission capabilities of bartonella species by ticks. in the present study, we demonstrate successful infection of the amblyomma americanum cell line, aae12, by seven bartonella isolates and three candidatus bartonella species by electron or light microscopy. with the exception of ...200919242658
survey of tick infestation in small ruminants of miesso district, west harergie, oromia region, ethiopia.a survey was conducted to identify tick species and determine the prevalence of tick infestation in small ruminants of miesso district, west harergie zone. collection and identification of the ticks were undertaken from november 2007 to april 2008. all visible individual adult ticks were collected from the body of 328 goats and 40 sheep. the prevalence of tick infestation in goats and sheep was found to be 89.9% and 87.5%, respectively. in this study, ten species of ticks which grouped under fou ...200919082757
the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of amblyomma variegatum (acari: ixodidae) to metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota: hypocreales).experiments were conducted to explore the use of a semiochemical bait to enhance exposure of amblyomma variegatum fabricius (acari: ixodidae) to different formulations of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales). initially, the relative efficacies of attraction-aggregation-attachment pheromone (aaap), made up of o-nitrophenol, methyl salicylate and nonanoic acid in the ratio 2:1:8, 1-octen-3-ol and butyric acid, were evaluated in an olfactomet ...200919091474
amblyomma americanum (l): tick macrophage migration inhibitory factor peptide immunization lengthens lone star tick feeding intervals in vivo.immunizations of new zealand white rabbits with specific macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) tick peptide (pep) produced circulating anti-tick pep antibodies in the hosts. antibody titers of greater than 1:5000 to tick mif peptide were observed for crude sera from pep-immunized rabbits. pep- and bsa-vaccinated rabbits were infested with amblyomma americanum adults. feeding intervals, female weights, egg masses and percent egg hatch were measured for ticks feeding on control and immunize ...200919111543
fat body cells of amblyomma cajennense partially engorged females (acari: ixodidae) and their role on vitellogenesis process.during the process of arthropoda reproduction, the synthesis and uptake of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids by oocytes is termed vitellogenesis. these compounds that will make up the yolk may be in ticks endogenously synthesized by the oocytes and/or exogenously produced by the fat body and pedicel cells. this study examined the fat body of amblyomma cajennense ticks at the cytochemical ultrastructural level to demonstrate the presence of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in trophocytes. the ...200919041306
the impact of rna interference of the subolesin and voraxin genes in male amblyomma hebraeum (acari: ixodidae) on female engorgement and oviposition.reducing or replacing the use of chemical pesticides for tick control is a desirable goal. the most promising approach would be to develop vaccines that protect hosts against tick infestation. antigens suitable for the development of anti-tick vaccines will likely be those essential for vital physiological processes, and in particular those directly involved in feeding and reproduction. in this study genes from amblyomma hebraeum koch that encode for subolesin and voraxin were studied in male ti ...200918830675
canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis vogeli in rural areas of the state of minas gerais, brazil and factors associated with its seroprevalence.this epidemiological survey on canine babesiosis was carried out in three distinct rural regions (lavras, belo horizonte and nanuque) of the state of minas gerais, brazil. ticks and blood samples were collected during a dry season (lavras, n=92; belo horizonte, n=50; nanuque, n=102) and the subsequent rainy season (lavras, n=71; belo horizonte, n=28; nanuque, n=66) from dogs living on farms. plasma samples were analyzed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection of anti-babesia cani ...200918723199
molecular and morphological description of a hepatozoon species in reptiles and their ticks in the northern territory, australia.ticks, representing 3 species of amblyomma, were collected from the water python (liasis fuscus) and 3 additional reptile species in the northern territory, australia, and tested for the presence of hepatozoon sp., the most common blood parasites of snakes. in addition, blood smears were collected from 5 reptiles, including the water python, and examined for the presence of the parasite. hepatozoon sp. dna was detected in all tick and reptile species, with 57.7% of tick samples (n = 187) and 35. ...200918710299
[transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) on reptiles (reptilia) imported to poland].in the of period 2003-2007, a total of 382 specimens of reptiles belonging to the following genera were investigated: testudo, iguana, varanus, gongylophis, python, spalerosophis, psammophis. the material for the present study was a collection of reptiles owned by the "animals" ltd from swietochłowice (upper silesia, poland), specialising in import of exotic animals to poland, as well as the reptile collections of private breeders. the reptiles that turned out to be the most heavily infected wit ...200920066784
ability of two natural products, nootkatone and carvacrol, to suppress ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) in a lyme disease endemic area of new jersey.we evaluated the ability of the natural, plant-derived acaricides nootkatone and carvacrol to suppress ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae). aqueous formulations of 1 and 5% nootkatone applied by backpack sprayer to the forest litter layer completely suppressed i. scapularis nymphs through 2 d. thereafter, the level of reduction gradually declined to < or =50% at 28 d postapplication. against a. americanum nymphs, 1% nootkatone was less effective, but at a 5% con ...200920069863
[ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis].ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are zoonoses caused by bacteria from the family anaplasmataceae, including human and animal pathogens. the human pathogens are ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme), anaplasma phagocytophilum, the pathogen causing human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), e. ewingii and neorickettsia sennetsu, granulocytotropic and monocytotropic ehrlichia species, respectively. ehrlichia spp. are small, gram-negative, obligate intracellular b ...200920077398
ectoparasite fauna of rodents and shrews from four habitats in kuala lumpur and the states of selangor and negeri sembilan, malaysia and its public health significance.a total of 204 rodents comprising 14 host species from four different habitats were examined. nine rodent species were trapped from the forest and another five species were trapped from the coastal, rice field and urban habitats. rattus rattus diardii (67%) was the predominant rodent species examined. fifty six (47.3%) rodents and shrews were found to be infested with at least one of the 20 species of ectoparasite recovered. mites belonging to the family trombiculidae were the predominant ectopa ...200920237444
ticks collected from birds in the northern provinces of south africa, 2004-2006.approximately 3000 birds, mainly passerines, caught in mist nets in the northern provinces of south africa, were examined for ticks. a total of 178 ticks, belonging to 14 species, were recovered from 83 birds of 43 different species. hyalomma rufipes was the most numerous tick, with 26 larvae and 109 nymphs collected, followed by amblyomma marmoreum, with 13 larvae and two nymphs. despite the study being conducted within the distribution range of amblyomma hebraeum, it was not seen on any passer ...200920698437
the comparative prevalence of five ixodid tick species infesting cattle and goats in maputo province, mozambique.this study compares the prevalence of ixodid tick species on cattle and goats in maputo province. adult ticks as well as the nymphs of three species, and only the adults of two species were collected from sets of five cattle at 21 localities throughout the province and compared with those collected from similar sets of goats at the same places. amblyomma hebraeum adults and/or nymphs were present on cattle and on goats at all 21 localities, and 90 cattle and 22 goats were infested with adult tic ...200920698440
tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in selected cattle herds of matabeleland south, zimbabwe.a cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine tick infestation, and udder and teat damage in 286 lactating cows and heifers at six properties in the smallholder and commercial sectors in gwanda district of matabeleland south province, zimbabwe. eight tick species were identified: amblyomma hebraeum, hyalomma truncatum, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus, rhipicephalus appendiculatus, rhipicephalus zambeziensis and rhipicephalus ...200920698443
species composition and geographic distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in a temperate and in a subtropical region of south-east africa.the species and distribution of ticks infesting cattle, goats and dogs in the eastern region of the eastern cape province, south africa and maputo province, mozambique were determined from collections made from these animals at 72 localities in the former region and 30 in the latter. eleven ixodid and one argasid species were recovered in the eastern cape province and 15 ixodid species in maputo province. the most common ticks infesting cattle and goats in both provinces were amblyomma hebraeum, ...200921105593
a potential role for ixodid (hard) tick vectors in the transmission of lumpy skin disease virus in cattle.lumpy skin disease (lsd) is an economically important cattle disease. the disease is endemic in many african countries, but outbreaks have also been reported in madagascar and the middle east. the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ixodid (hard) ticks in the transmission of the disease. cattle were infected with a virulent, south african field isolate of lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv). three common african tick species (genera rhipicephalus, amblyomma and rhipicephalus ( ...201021114790
novel field assays and the comparative repellency of bioud(®) , deet and permethrin against amblyomma americanum.two new field bioassay methods were developed to compare the repellent activity of bioud(®) (containing 7.75% 2-undecanone), 98.1% deet and 0.5% permethrin against natural populations of nymphal amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae). in a cloth sheet assay, pieces of material measuring 41 × 58 cm, separately treated with one of the test materials or the appropriate solvent carrier, were placed at random on the ground and baited with dry ice for 1 h. mean numbers of ticks on repellent-treat ...201021118283
ticks (acari: ixodidae) from yellow armadillo, euphractus sexcinctus (cingulata: dasypodidae), in brazil's pantanal wetlands.tick species parasitizing yellow armadillo, euphractus sexcinctus, were recorded from october 2006 to october 2007 in pantanal. a total of 89 ticks were collected from 23 yellow armadillos. most ticks (n=50) were identified as amblyomma cajennense (fabricius) (32 males and 18 females). the only other species found was amblyomma parvum (aragão) (three females and two males). the remaining ticks were immatures of amblyomma (29 nymphs and five larvae). the prevalence of a. cajennense was 55%, the m ...201021120394
infrequency of rickettsia rickettsii in dermacentor variabilis removed from humans, with comments on the role of other human-biting ticks associated with spotted fever group rickettsiae in the united states.abstract from 1997 to 2009, the tick-borne disease laboratory of the u.s. army public health command (usaphc) (formerly the u.s. army center for health promotion and preventive medicine) screened 5286 dermacentor variabilis ticks removed from department of defense (dod) personnel, their dependents, and dod civilian personnel for spotted fever group rickettsiae using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. rickettsia montanensis (171/5286 = 3.2%) and ricke ...201021142953
rickettsial infection in domestic mammals and their ectoparasites in el valle de antón, coclé, panamá.the present research evaluated the presence of rickettsia spp. on ectoparasites of horses and dogs (using pcr techniques), and their sera (using immunofluorescence assay) in el valle de antón town in panama. a total of 20 horses and 20 dogs were sampled, finding four species of ectoparasites on dogs (the ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus, amblyomma ovale, amblyomma oblongoguttatum, and the flea ctenocephalides felis), and two tick species on horses (amblyomma cajennense and dermacentor nitens). dna ...201021144663
rickettsia africae in amblyomma variegatum and domestic ruminants on eight caribbean islands.we used pcrs with omp a primers to determine if spotted fever group rickettsiae occurred in amblyomma variegatum from 6 caribbean islands. positive amplicons were obtained from ticks from the u.s. virgin islands (9/18; 50%), dominica (39/171; 30%), montserrat (2/5; 40%), nevis (17/34; 50%), st. kitts (46/227; 20%), and st. lucia (1/14; 7%). sequences for a convenience sample of reaction products obtained from a. variegatum on st. kitts (7), american virgin islands (4), montserrat (2), and st. lu ...201021158615
high-prevalence borrelia miyamotoi [scapin wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) in tennessee.during spring and fall 2009, 60 wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) harvested by tennessee hunters were surveyed for borrelia spp. by sampling their blood, tissue, and attached ticks. in both seasons, 70% of turkeys were infested with juvenile amblyomma americanum; one spring turkey hosted an adult female ixodes brunneus. polymerase chain reaction assays followed by dna sequencing indicated that 58% of the turkeys were positive for the spirochete borrelia miyamotoi, with tissue testing positive m ...201021175079
ticks infesting wildlife species in northeastern brazil with new host and locality records.from september 2008 to march 2010, 397 ticks (315 larvae, 33 nymphs, 23 females, and 26 males) were collected from captive and free-living wildlife species in northeastern brazil. six tick species were identified, including amblyomma auricularium (conil) on tamandua tetradactyla (l.), amblyomma dubitatum neumann on hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (l.), nectomys rattus (pelzen) and t. tetradactyla, amblyomma parvum aragão on t. tetradactyla, amblyomma rotundatum koch on boa constrictor l., chelonoidis ...201021175080
ticks on birds in a forest fragment of brazilian cerrado (savanna) in the municipality of uberlândia, state of minas gerais, brazil.this is a report of tick species, parasite prevalence and infestation intensity of birds in a forest fragment (18° 56' 57'' s and 48° 12' 14'' w) within the brazilian cerrado (savanna), in the municipality of uberlândia, state of minas gerais, brazil. a total of 162 birds from 26 species were captured. one adult tick, 296 larvae and 67 nymphs were found on passerine birds. of these, it was identified 31 larvae and 27 nymphs of amblyomma longirostre, 17 nymphs of a. nodosum, one a. cajennense lar ...201021184702
a first record of amblyomma dissimile (acari: ixodidae) parasitizing the lizard ameiva ameiva (teiidae) in brazil.a non-engorged adult female amblyomma dissimile and two amblyomma sp. larvae were found parasitizing the lizard ameiva ameiva in the municipality of chapadinha, state of maranhão. this is the first record in the state of maranhão and fills a gap in the distribution of a. dissimile in brazil. the lizard a. ameiva represents a new host for a. dissimile, and also the first record of this tick species infesting lizards of the family teiidae in brazil.201021184707
parasitisation and localisation of ticks (acari: ixodida) on exotic reptiles imported into poland.as a result of examinations, the following species of ticks have been found parasitising on python regius brought from africa to poland: amblyomma latum, amblyomma transversale, amblyomma spp., on varanus exanthematicus: amblyomma exornatum, amblyomma flavomaculatum, amblyomma latum, amblyomma nuttalli, amblyomma spp., on varanus salvator brought from indonesia to poland: amblyomma varanensis. there were 58 specimens of monitor lizard (v. salvator and v. exanthematicus) and 92 specimens of pytho ...201021186765
refuge sharing network predicts ectoparasite load in a lizard.living in social groups facilitates cross-infection by parasites. however, empirical studies on indirect transmission within wildlife populations are scarce. we investigated whether asynchronous overnight refuge sharing among neighboring sleepy lizards, tiliqua rugosa, facilitates indirect transmission of its ectoparasitic tick, amblyomma limbatum. we fitted 18 neighboring lizards with gps recorders, observed their overnight refuge use each night over 3 months, and counted their ticks every fort ...201020802788
absence of rickettsia rickettsii and occurrence of other spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks from tennessee.rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) is the most common tick-borne illness in tennessee. little is known about the occurrence of r. rickettsii, the causative agent, in ticks in tennessee. to better understand the prevalence and distribution of rickettsial agents in ticks, we tested 1,265 amblyomma, dermacentor, and ixodes adult and nymphal ticks. additionally, we tested 231 amblyomma americanum larvae. ticks were collected from 49 counties from humans, wild animals, domestic canines, and flannel ...201020810834
comparison of two methods for collecting free-living ticks in the amazonian forest.in the present study, we compared 2 methods for collecting ixodid ticks on the verges of animal trails in a primary amazon forest area in northern brazil. (i) dragging: this method was based on passing a 1-m(2) white flannel over the vegetation and checking the flannel for the presence of caught ticks every 5-10 m. (ii) visual search: this method consisted of looking for questing ticks on the tips of leaves of the vegetation bordering animal trails in the forest. a total of 103 adult ticks belon ...201021771528
the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for identifying six-legged larval ticks.ticks are vectors of a variety of diseases such as lyme disease and japanese spotted fever. we examined an 87-year-old female with multiple tick bites by at least 236 larval amblyomma testudinarium infestations. numerous tick bites are generally caused by the six-legged larvae, which were verified in this case by dermoscopy. the present case indicates the diagnostic usefulness of dermoscopy for six-legged larval tick bites.201021771529
a case of amblyomma testudinarium tick bite in a korean woman.a case of tick bite was found in the inguinal region of a 74-year-old korean woman. she was attacked by the tick while working in her vegetable garden in the vicinity of mountain located in suncheon city, the southern coastal area of the korean peninsula. on admission she complained of mild discomfort and itching around the bite area. the causative tick was 23 mm long and had slender pedipalps. the scutum was quite ornate and had eyes at the edge. the genital aperture was located anterior to the ...201021234234
veterinary extension on sampling techniques related to heartwater research.heartwater, a tick-borne disease caused by ehrlichia ruminantium, is considered to be a significant cause of mortality amongst domestic and wild ruminants in south africa. the main vector is amblyomma hebraeum and although previous epidemiological studies have outlined endemic areas based on mortalities, these have been limited by diagnostic methods which relied mainly on positive brain smears. the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifa) has a low specificity for heartwater organisms as it cros ...201021247042
detection of theileria and babesia in brown brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) and marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus) in the state of minas gerais, brazil.intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genera theileria and babesia are known to infect both wild and domestic animals, and both are transmitted by hard-ticks of the family ixodidae. the prevalences of hemoprotozoa and ectoparasites in 15 free-living mazama gouazoubira, two captive m. gouazoubira and four captive blastocerus dichotomus from the state of minas gerais, brazil, have been determined through the examination of blood smears and the use of nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr). t ...201021354704
detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in amblyomma flavomaculatum ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from lizard varanus exanthematicus imported to poland.adults and nymphs of amblyomma exornatum, a. flavomaculatum, a. latum, amblyomma spp. and hyalomma aegyptium, were collected from savannah monitors, royal python (africa, ghana) and marginated tortoises (europe, greece) imported to poland, in 2004-2007. altogether 345 ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsial agents. none of the tested ticks was positive for the glta gene of rickettsia spp. dna of 16s rrna gene from anaplasma phagocytophilum was amplified and sequenced fro ...201020084536
hosts, distribution and genetic divergence (16s rdna) of amblyomma dubitatum (acari: ixodidae).we supply information about hosts and distribution of amblyomma dubitatum. in addition, we carry out an analysis of genetic divergence among specimens of a. dubitatum from different localities and with respect to other neotropical amblyomma species, using sequences of 16s rdna gene. although specimens of a. dubitatum were collected on several mammal species as cattle horse, tapirus terrestris, mazama gouazoubira, tayassu pecari, sus scrofa, cerdocyon thous, myocastor coypus, allouata caraya, glo ...201020084537
ticks (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae, ixodidae) of china.this paper presents results of an investigation and listing of tick species found in china during a survey in all 28 provinces. this will be a step towards a definitive list of tick species and their distribution. to date, the tick fauna of this area consists of 117 species in the following families: argasidae-argas (7 species), carios (4 species) and ornithodoros (2 species); ixodidae-amblyomma (8 species), anomalohimalaya (2 species), dermacentor (12 species), haemaphysalis (44 species), hyalo ...201020101443
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds in the eastern amazon, northern brazil, with notes on rickettsial infection in ticks.the aim of the study was to report tick infestations on wild birds in a region of the eastern brazilian amazon and evaluate the rickettsial infection of these ticks. wild birds captured by mist nets were examined for the presence of ticks, which were collected and identified to species by morphology or molecular methods. in addition, part of these ticks was individually tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting portions of the rickettsial genes glta and ompa. among 331 captured birds, repres ...201020140452
performance of a metarhizium anisopliae-treated semiochemical-baited trap in reducing amblyomma variegatum populations in the field.experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorok. (ascomycota: hypocreales)-treated semiochemical-baited traps for control of amblyomma variegatum fabriscius (acari: ixodidae) under field conditions. unfed a. variegatum adults (118) were seeded in each 100-m plot and allowed to acclimatise for 3 days. on the fourth day (day 4), an emulsifiable formulation of m. anisopliae (consisting of 49.5% sterile distilled water, fungal conidia, 49.5% corn oil a ...201020153931
the international trade in reptiles (reptilia)--the cause of the transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) to poland.the problem of the unnatural transfer of exotic ticks (acari: ixodida) on reptiles (reptilia) imported to poland is presented. in the period from 2003 to 2007, 382 specimens of reptiles belonging to the following genera were investigated: testudo, iguana, varanus, gongylophis, python, spalerosophis, psammophis. the reptiles most infested with ticks are imported to poland from ghana in africa, and are the commonly bred terrarium reptiles: varanus exanthematicus and python regius. as a result of t ...201020153933
biogeography of tick-borne bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) in europe.bhanja virus (bhav) is pathogenic for young domestic ruminants and also for humans, causing fever and affections of the central nervous system. this generally neglected arbovirus of the family bunyaviridae is transmitted by metastriate ticks of the genera haemaphysalis, dermacentor, hyalomma, rhipicephalus, boophilus, and amblyomma. geographic distribution of bhav covers southern and central asia, africa, and southern (partially also central) europe. comparative biogeographic study of eight know ...201020182535
detection of a new arsenophonus-type bacterium in canadian populations of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni.ticks of the genus dermacentor are important vectors of human and animal pathogens in north america. they also carry a variety of endosymbiotic (i.e. non-pathogenic) bacteria. the american dog tick, d. variabilis, is known to be infected with gammaproteobacteria of the genus arsenophonus. however, there have been no previous reports of arsenophonus-type bacteria in the rocky mountain wood tick, d. andersoni, a species that is sympatric with d. variabilis in the western parts of its distributiona ...201020186465
detection of "candidatus rickettsia sp. strain argentina"and rickettsia bellii in amblyomma ticks (acari: ixodidae) from northern argentina.ixodid ticks were collected from vegetation and from humans, wild and domestic mammals in a rural area in the semi-arid argentine chaco in late spring 2006 to evaluate their potential role as vectors of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. a total of 233 adult ticks, identified as amblyomma parvum, amblyomma tigrinum and amblyomma pseudoconcolor, was examined for rickettsia spp. we identified an sfg rickettsia of unknown pathogenicity, "candidatus rickettsia sp. strain argentina", in a. parvum ...201020186466
ectoparasites are the major causes of various types of skin lesions in small ruminants in ethiopia.ectoparasites are the major causes of skin lesions in animals. clinical, skin scraping examination, and histopathological studies were conducted to identify and characterize skin lesions in small ruminants caused by ectoparasites. mange mites, lice, sheep keds, and ticks were collected from the skin of affected animals for species identification. skin biopsies were collected from affected part of the skin and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology. of 1,000 sheep and 600 goats ...201020195754
blood meal analysis to identify reservoir hosts for amblyomma americanum ticks.efforts to identify wildlife reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens are frequently limited by poor understanding of tick-host interactions and potentially transient infectivity of hosts under natural conditions. to identify reservoir hosts for lone star tick (amblyomma americanum)-associated pathogens, we used a novel technology. in field-collected ticks, we used pcr to amplify a portion of the 18s rrna gene in remnant blood meal dna. reverse line blot hybridization with host-specific probes was th ...201020202418
isolation of rickettsia parkeri and identification of a novel spotted fever group rickettsia sp. from gulf coast ticks (amblyomma maculatum) in the united states.until recently, amblyomma maculatum (the gulf coast tick) had garnered little attention compared to other species of human-biting ticks in the united states. a. maculatum is now recognized as the principal vector of rickettsia parkeri, a pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) that causes an eschar-associated illness in humans that resembles rocky mountain spotted fever. a novel sfgr, distinct from other recognized rickettsia spp., has also been detected recently in a. maculatum specime ...201020208020
silencing of three amblyomma americanum (l.) insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related proteins prevents ticks from feeding to repletion.the insulin-like growth factor (igf) binding proteins (igfbp) family is the regulatory arm of the igf signaling system that control mitogenic and anabolic actions of igf peptide hormones. this study describes cloning and biological characterization of three amblyomma americanum (l.) (aam) proteins that show amino-terminal sequence and secondary structure similarity to the igfbp superfamily. the three molecules here provisionally identified as aamigfbp-rp1 and short (s) and long (l) aamigfbp-rp6 ...201020228352
african tick-bite fever: a new entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple eschars in travelers. description of five cases imported from south africa to switzerland.african tick-bite fever (atbf) is a newly described spotted fever rickettsiosis that frequently presents with multiple eschars in travelers returning from sub-saharan africa and, to a lesser extent, from the west indies. it is caused by the bite of an infected amblyomma tick, whose hunting habits explain the typical presence of multiple inoculation skin lesions and the occurrence of clustered cases. the etiological agent of atbf is rickettsia africae, an emerging tick-borne pathogenic bacterium. ...201020233665
rickettsia infection in dogs and rickettsia parkeri in amblyomma tigrinum ticks, cochabamba department, bolivia.only few published data are available on ticks and tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in bolivia. to evaluate rickettsial seroprevalence and infection in dogs and ticks, during february-april 2007, we collected whole blood, sera, and ticks from dogs living in the rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of cochabamba, bolivia. dog sera were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test to detect igg antibodies against rickettsia rickettsii and 68.2% of samples were found to be positive (n = 30; 95% c ...201020426684
the influence of temperature and humidity on oviposition and hatchability of amblyomma lepidum (dönitz, 1808) (acarina: ixodidae) under laboratory conditions.the effect of temperature and humidity on the oviposition and hatchability of ablyomma lepidum was studied. above 90% of adult ticks applied on calves succeeded to attach and feed through 6-13 days. the development process was studied under three levels of temperature: 27, 35 and 40 degrees c, each level with five sets of humidity. temperature rather than humidity affected all developmental parameters. it was found that high temperature of 40 degrees c, even at high humidity 75.5-97.8% significa ...201020434269
exploiting the heterogeneous drop-off rhythm of amblyomma variegatum nymphs to reduce pasture infestation by adult ticks.tick distribution depends on the drop-off rhythm of the previous stage and on the suitability for tick survival of the environment where they are disseminated. studies were implemented in burkina faso to assess detachment pattern of engorged amblyomma variegatum nymphs. experiments were carried out with naturally infested cattle kept in a paddock or monitored when grazing community pasture. in the pasture, 80% of the nymphs detached between 14.00 h and 17.00 h while less than 25% did so in the p ...201020441678
[the characteristics of tick species (acari: ixodida) transferred on exotic reptiles to poland].some natural and unusual transfers of exotic ticks on hosts have been noticed in poland. reptiles together with migratory birds and migrating mammals, are the groups of vertebrates that transfer unknown tick species to the territory of poland. the majority of exotic reptiles brought to poland for breading and commercial purpose are infested by ticks. therefore the systematic list of ticks as well as their geographical distribution in the world, tick-host specificity, characteristic and morpholog ...201020450006
developmental stages and molecular phylogeny of hepatozoon tuatarae, a parasite infecting the new zealand tuatara, sphenodon punctatus and the tick, amblyomma sphenodonti.the developmental stages of hepatozoon tuatarae were elucidated in both the tuatara host, sphenodon punctatus and the tick, amblyomma sphenodonti. pcr amplicons from a. sphenodonti samples identified dna matching h. tuatarae. dissection of tick samples showed oogenesis and sporogony occurring in the haemocoel of a. sphenodonti with the average mature oocyst size being 236 x 228 microm. partial sequence data of the parasite's small subunit ribosomal gene, obtained by pcr, was used for phylogeneti ...201020451526
disrupting the amblyomma americanum (l.) cd147 receptor homolog prevents ticks from feeding to repletion and blocks spontaneous detachment of ticks from their host.the cd147 receptor is a cell-surface glycoprotein in the igg family that plays pivotal roles in intercellular interactions involved with numerous physiological and pathological processes such as extracellular matrix remodeling. we previously found an amblyomma americanum (aam) tick cd147 receptor homolog among genes that were up regulated in response to tick feeding stimuli. this study characterizes an aamcd147 receptor protein that is 72-83% conserved in other tick species and possess character ...201020451606
bacterial pathogens in ixodid ticks from a piedmont county in north carolina: prevalence of rickettsial organisms.in north carolina, reported human cases of tick-borne illness, specifically rocky mountain spotted fever, have escalated over the past decade. to determine the relative abundance of vectors and to estimate the risk of acquiring a tick-borne illness in peri-residential landscapes, ticks were collected in chatham county, a typical piedmont county and, samples of the ticks were tested for infection with selected bacterial pathogens using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. tick ...201020455778
experimental infection of the opossum didelphis aurita by rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, and rickettsia parkeri and evaluation of the transmission of the infection to ticks amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum.this work evaluated the infection of opossums (didelphis aurita) by rickettsia felis, rickettsia bellii, and rickettsia parkeri and their role as amplifier hosts for horizontal transmission to amblyomma cajennense and/or amblyomma dubitatum ticks. infection in d. aurita was induced by intraperitoneal inoculation with r. felis (n = 4 opossums), r. bellii (n = 4), and r. parkeri (n = 2). another group of six opossums were inoculated intraperitoneally with leibovitz-15 sterile culture medium, repre ...201020455783
high prevalence of rickettsia gravesii sp. nov. in amblyomma triguttatum collected from feral pigs.a survey of ectoparasites on feral pigs identified two commonly occurring ixodid tick species; amblyomma triguttatum triguttatum and ixodes australiensis. molecular screening of a. t. triguttatum and i. australiensis for the presence of rickettsia species detected the presence of rickettsiae belonging to the spotted fever group (sfg) in 78.4% of screened a. t. triguttatum. none of the screened i. australiensis were positive for rickettsiae. sequence analysis of the glta and ompa loci of positive ...201020488632
host associations of dermacentor, amblyomma, and ixodes (acari: ixodidae) ticks in tennessee.from april 2007 to september 2008, 1,793 adult and nymphal ixodid ticks were collected from 49 counties in tennessee. six species were identified, including dermacentor variabilis (say), amblyomma americanum (l.), ixodes texanus (banks), ixodes cookei packard, ixodes scapularis (say), and amblyomma maculatum koch, from 13 medium- to large-sized mammalian hosts and dragging through vegetation. raccoons were the most common vertebrate source (198 captures), accounting for 60% of ticks collected. d ...201020496589
sdetection of vector-borne agents in lone star ticks, amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae), from mississippi.in this study, we evaluated amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) in mississippi for the presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis; ehrlichia ewingii, causative agent of human and canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis; borrelia lonestari, putative agent of southern tick-associated rash illness; francisella tularensis, the agent of tularemia; and rickettsia spp., particularly r. amblyommii, a suspected pathogen. we collected adult a. americanum from four region ...201020496596
evasin-3-like anti-chemokine activity in salivary gland extracts of ixodid ticks during blood-feeding: a new target for tick control.ticks exploit many evasion mechanisms to circumvent the immune control of their hosts including subversion of the communication language between cells of the immune system provided by chemokines and other cytokines. one subversive molecule secreted in the saliva of rhipicephalus sanguineus is evasin-3, a structurally unique 7 kda protein that selectively binds the neutrophil chemoattractants, cxcl8 and (with lower affinity) cxcl1. we compared anti-human cxcl8 and anti-mouse cxcl1/kc activities i ...201020500677
potential of medicinal plants in mosquito control.medicinal plants have long history as important components in traditional medicine, and food of humans since ancient egyptians and chinese. naturally occurring botanical compounds contain a broad range of chemical active ingredients can intervene in all biological processes of the mosquito, thus interrupt its life cycle and dispersal and reduce harms to humans and animals. many medicinal plants were tested for their pesticide and repellent potential, as crude material, essential oils or individu ...201020503582
the expression of genes coding for distinct types of glycine-rich proteins varies according to the biology of three metastriate ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, rhipicephalus sanguineus and amblyomma cajennense.ticks secrete a cement cone composed of many salivary proteins, some of which are rich in the amino acid glycine in order to attach to their hosts' skin. glycine-rich proteins (grps) are a large family of heterogeneous proteins that have different functions and features; noteworthy are their adhesive and tensile characteristics. these properties may be essential for successful attachment of the metastriate ticks to the host and the prolonged feeding necessary for engorgement. in this work, we an ...201020529354
ticks (acari: ixodidae) on dogs from uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil.uberlândia in minas gerais state, southeastern brazil, has 622 000 inhabitants and is located in the cerrado biome, the south american savannah. the city dog population is estimated at 82 000 and identification of tick species and infestation prevalence on this host has not been determined. a major infectious disease of dogs in the city, canine ehrlichiosis, is transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. at the same time, autochthonous leishmaniosis has been recently described in the city and ...201020537111
innate immunity in wooless lamb to larvae of amblyomma cajennense tick (fabricius, 1787) (acari: ixodidae).the cayenne tick amblyomma cajennense infests preferably horses in its adult form but other mammal species in its immature stages and is the main vector of rickettsia rickettsii, the brazilian spotted fever pathogen. as wooless lambs are often raised on pasture together with horses, an experiment was performed to investigate their possible acquisition of resistance to a. cajennense after experimental infestations. seven naïve wooless lambs were infested thrice at 60 days interval with immature a ...201020537112
localization of antigenic sites in unfed nymphs of amblyomma triste koch 1844 (acari: ixodidae) ticks by immunohistochemistry.the reactivity of sera collected from guinea pigs after three infestations with amblyomma triste nymphs on histological sections of the same tick species was investigated through immunohistochemistry to identify potential target cells and tissues. six guinea pigs were infested thrice, at 30 day intervals, with 30 nymphs of a. triste per animal per infestation. blood samples were collected from the guinea pigs 15 days after each infestation for serum separation; normal serum was obtained before t ...201020537113
ehrlichia ewingii infection and exposure rates in dogs from the southcentral united states.we used pcr and a novel serologic assay to determine infection and exposure rates to ehrlichia ewingii in dogs from an area of northeast oklahoma and northwest arkansas where amblyomma americanum ticks are abundant. of 143 dogs assayed, 13 (9.1%) harbored e. ewingii by pcr and 64 (44.8%) had antibodies to e. ewingii detected using a peptide-based microtiter plate elisa. dogs were more likely (p=0.001) to be positive by pcr if sampled in august (30.8%) but no association was found between seropos ...201020541322
survey of ixodid ticks in domestic ruminants in bedelle district, southwestern ethiopia.a survey aimed at determining the status of ticks in cattle, sheep and goats in bedelle district (southwestern ethiopia) was carried out from november 2007 to april 2008. out of the total 330 animals examined, 314 (95.2%) were found to be infested (harbouring of at least a single tick). high rates of infestations were recorded across all three host species. factors like month of collection, age and sex of host species did not show significant association with infestation rates. a total of 5,507 ...201020563884
a new tick kunitz type inhibitor, amblyomin-x, induces tumor cell death by modulating genes related to the cell cycle and targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system.the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of amblyomin-x, a serine protease kunitz-type inhibitor. amblyomin-x induced tumor mass regression and decreased number of metastatic events in a b16f10 murine melanoma model. alterations on expression of several genes related to cell cycle were observed when two tumor cell lines were treated with amblyomin-x. psmb2, which encodes a proteasome subunit, was differentially expressed, in agreement to inhibition of proteasomal activity in ...201020570593
ultrastructure features of the midgut of the female adult amblyomma cajennense ticks fabricius, 1787 (acari: ixodidae) in several feeding stages and subjected to three infestations.the digestive tract of amblyomma cajennense, as well as other species of ticks, is divided into the anterior, medium and posterior intestines and is the organ responsible for digestion of blood ingested during the meal on the host. the anterior and posterior regions are derived from the ectoderm and the medium one from the endoderm. in the present ultrastructural study, we analyzed the midgut of females in a semi- and fully engorged stages, on the rabbit host, which was subjected to three infest ...201020580564
ticks species (ixodida) in the summit municipal park and adjacent areas, panama city, panama.from september 2007 to september 2009, we studied the species of ticks present in the summit municipal park. ticks were extracted from zoo animals, free-living wild mammals and reptiles trapped, dead mammals on the roads and environment (ground and zoo burrows). a total of 2,649 ticks were collected: 2,167 immature stages (1,345 larvae and 822 nymphs) and 482 adults. seventeen species were identified: ornithodoros puertorricensis (argasidae), amblyomma auricularium, a. cajennense, a. calcaratum, ...201020585838
a quantitative comparison of two sample methods for collecting amblyomma americanum and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) in missouri.in studies of tick communities, sampling methodology may influence observed patterns. the objective of this study was to compare two sampling methods, dragging and dry ice baiting, in two habitats to assess abundance of off-host ticks. tick communities were monitored from march to december in a forested and an old-field habitat in northeast missouri. in each habitat, eight drag and eight dry ice bait samples were collected every 2 weeks on a permanent grid. the most common ticks collected were a ...201020585839
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