| uptake and metabolism of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol in soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida) and soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) systems. | the behavior of 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (10:2 ftoh) in the systems of soil-earthworm (eisenia fetida), soil-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and soil-earthworm-wheat, including degradation in soil, uptake and metabolism in wheat and earthworms were investigated. several perfluorocarboxylic acids (pfcas) as degradation products of 10:2 ftoh were identified in the soil, plant and earthworms. 10:2 ftoh could be biodegraded to perfluorooctanoate (pfoa), perfluorononanate (pfna) and perfluorodecanoate ... | 2017 | 27639617 |
| oxidative stress responses and insights into the sensitivity of the earthworms metaphire guillelmi and eisenia fetida to soil cadmium. | soil toxicological tests are commonly performed using eisenia fetida as the standard earthworm species, but it is tolerant to a wide range of pollutants. therefore, the inclusion of susceptible species is crucial for the accurate estimation of soil contamination. in this study, we examined the sensitivity to soil cadmium (cd) of anecic metaphire guillelmi and epigeic e. fetida by measuring multiple indexes of oxidative stress. using subcellular partitioning analysis, we further elucidated the in ... | 2017 | 27639467 |
| is the risk for soil arthropods covered by new data requirements under the eu ppp regulation no. 1107/2009? | testing of effects on earthworms and non-target foliar arthropods is an integral part of the ecotoxicological risk assessment for the authorization of plant protection products. according to the new data requirements, which came into force in 2014 for active substances and in 2016 for plant protection products, the chronic earthworm toxicity test with eisenia fetida based on reproductive, growth, and behavioral effects instead of the acute earthworm toxicity test based on mortality, has to be co ... | 2016 | 27628914 |
| individual and combined toxic effects of herbicide atrazine and three insecticides on the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | in the present study, we evaluated the individual and combined toxic effects of herbicide atrazine and three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid) on the earthworm, eisenia fetida. results from 48-h filter paper test indicated that imidacloprid had the highest toxicity to e. fetida with an lc50 of 0.05 (0.041-0.058) μg a.i. cm(-2), followed by lambda-cyhalothrin and atrazine with lc50 values ranging from 4.89 (3.52-6.38) to 4.93 (3.76-6.35) μg a.i. cm(-2), while chlorp ... | 2016 | 27068296 |
| assessment of metal toxicity and bioavailability in metallophyte leaf litters and metalliferous soils using eisenia fetida in a microcosm study. | the leaf litters of tree species, acacia pycnantha (ap) and eucalyptus camaldulensis (ec), predominantly growing at an abandoned copper (cu) mine and mine soils including controls, were assessed for determining the metal toxicity and bioavailability using earthworm species eisenia fetida, in a microcosm. significant reduction in body weight as well as mortality were observed when the worms were introduced into mine soil or its combination with mine ap litter. virtually, there were no juveniles w ... | 2016 | 27057994 |
| chemosensory cues alter earthworm (eisenia fetida) avoidance of lead-contaminated soil. | earthworms were shown to significantly avoid soils spiked with pb at concentrations lower than or comparable to concentrations that demonstrate significant effects for other endpoints. it was also shown that inclusion of a microorganism-produced volatile compound that attracts earthworms, ethyl valerate, decreased avoidance of spiked soils. these findings suggest that care should be taken when analyzing earthworm avoidance of soils in which microorganism communities are not controlled. environ t ... | 2017 | 27605240 |
| effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the acute lethality, accumulation, and enzyme activity of cadmium in eisenia fetida in a simulated soil solution. | in the present study, the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids (lmwoas) on the toxicity of cadmium (cd) to eisenia fetida were investigated in a simulated soil solution. the lmwoas protected e. fetida from cd toxicity, as indicated by the increased median lethal concentration (lc50) values and the increased activity of superoxide dismutase. in addition, cd concentrations in e. fetida decreased dramatically in the presence of lmwoas. these results were likely because of the complexation ... | 2017 | 27605122 |
| lysenin family proteins in earthworm coelomocytes - comparative approach. | sphingomyelin-binding proteins of the lysenin family were originally identified in earthworms belonging to the genus eisenia comprised of at least two distinct species, e. andrei and e. fetida, until recently considered subspecies or morphotypes of e. foetida (sic). in the present study the presence of lysenin and lysenin-related protein 2 (lrp-2, known also as fetidin) was detected in coelomocytes retrieved from all investigated adult specimens of e. andrei, and e. fetida. they were accompanied ... | 2017 | 27567602 |
| effects of oxidative stress reaction for the eisenia fetida with exposure in cd(2). | earthworms are widely used in all kinds of pollutants as sensitive bio-indicator organisms because of their immediately oxidative stress response under the stress of heavy metal. however, there are a large number of indexes associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indexes in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. we studied two groups, the short-term test and the long-term test. the former one is for 10 ... | 2016 | 27528521 |
| improvement of the soil nitrogen content and maize growth by earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils polluted by oxytetracycline. | interactions between earthworms (eisenia fetida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (rhizophagus intraradices, am fungi) have been suggested to improve the maize nitrogen (n) content and biomass and were studied in soils polluted by oxytetracycline (otc). maize was planted and amended with amf and/or earthworms (e) in the soil with low (1mgkg(-1) soil dm) or high (100mgkg(-1) soil dm) amounts of otc pollution in comparison to soil without otc. the root colonization, shoot and root biomass, shoot a ... | 2016 | 27496075 |
| bioavailability of ceo2 and sno2 nanoparticles evaluated by dietary uptake in the earthworm eisenia fetida and sequential extraction of soil and feed. | the growing number of nanotechnology products on the market will inevitably lead to the release of engineered nanomaterials with potential risk to humans and environment. this study set out to investigate the exposure of soil biota to engineered nanoparticles (nps). cerium dioxide (ceo2 nps) and tin dioxide nanoparticles (sno2 nps) were radiolabelled using neutron activation, and employed to assess the uptake and excretion kinetics in the earthworm eisenia fetida. through sequential extraction, ... | 2016 | 27474912 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of triclosan toxicity to the earthworm eisenia fetida assessed through gc-ms metabolomics. | triclosan (tcs) is a ubiquitous contaminant in municipal biosolids, which has also been detected in soils and earthworms sampled from agricultural fields amended with biosolids. the goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of tcs to earthworms using a metabolomics-based approach for an improved interpretation of toxicity. toxicity of tcs was assessed using the oecd method 207 filter paper contact test measuring the endpoints of weight loss, mortality, and ten metabolites determined by gc- ... | 2017 | 27468629 |
| multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of environmentally relevant bisphenol a concentrations using the soil invertebrate eisenia fetida. | bisphenol a (bpa) presents a serious threat to soil ecosystems, yet its effects on soil-inhabiting organisms are mostly unexplored. therefore, the impact of environmentally relevant bpa concentrations on a terrestrial model organism, the earthworm eisenia fetida, was assessed. animals were cutaneously exposed to 100nm and 10μm bpa up to 10days (10-d). next, a battery of biomarkers was used for ecotoxicological evaluation on a cellular, tissue and behavioural level. hplc analysis showed that afte ... | 2016 | 27450340 |
| does uptake of pharmaceuticals vary across earthworm species? | this study compared the uptake and depuration of four commonly used pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in two earthworm species (lumbricus terrestris and eisenia fetida). l. terrestris are a larger species and often found in deep burrows whereas e. fetida prefer to reside near the soil surface. species burrowing habits and sizes may alter uptake by earthworms. all four pharmaceuticals were taken up into both l. terrestris and e. fetida tissue after 21 days expos ... | 2016 | 27443341 |
| effect of vermicomposting on concentration and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge with additive materials. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the total content and speciation of heavy metals (as, cr, cd, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn) during vermicomposting of sewage sludge by eisenia fetida earthworm with different additive materials (soil, straw, fly ash and sawdust). results showed that the ph, total organic carbon were reduced, while the electric conductivity and germination index increased after a combined composting - vermicomposting process. the addition of bulking agents accelerated the stabili ... | 2016 | 27434304 |
| toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid towards earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil. | perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) is a widespread persistent organic contaminant in the environment that has recently raised much of regulatory and public concern. therefore, assessment of its ecological risk is a top priority research. hence, this study investigated the toxicity of pfoa to beneficial microbial processes in the soil such as activities of dehydrogenase, urease and potential nitrification in addition to earthworm survival, weight loss and pfoa bioaccumulation in two contrasting soils. ... | 2016 | 27329475 |
| diverse impacts of a step and repeated bde209-pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of bde209 in earthworms. | decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and lead (pb) are the two common contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (ewrss). a laboratory incubation study was conducted to explore the impacts of a step and repeated bde209-pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of bde209 in earthworms eisenia fetida for the first time. the results indicated that bde209 concentrations in repetitively-polluted soils were clearly higher. and the existence of high-level pb could promote the bioaccumulation of bde209 in ea ... | 2016 | 27295440 |
| protective effect of composite earthworm powder against diabetic complications via increased fibrinolytic function and improvement of lipid metabolism in zdf rats. | thrombosis is the leading cause of mortality globally. it is not only a complication but also a risk factor for progression of diabetes. however, alternative oral therapies and prophylaxis with less adverse effect for thrombosis have not been well studied. in this study, composite powder containing earthworm (cep) was used and its fibrinolytic activity was measured. cep was found to have a high urokinase-type plasminogen activator like activity in an in vitro assay. it also had significantly sho ... | 2016 | 27292184 |
| toxicological effects of dimethomorph on soil enzymatic activity and soil earthworm (eisenia fetida). | the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the fungicide dimethomorph to soil microbial activity and the earthworm eisenia fetida. multiple biomarkers, namely, four soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, invertase, and acid phosphatase), four earthworm biochemical indices (dismutase, catalase, cellulase, and malondialdehyde), and the transcriptional levels of both target genes (dismutase and catalase) were measured at 1, 10, and 100 mg kg(-1) after 1, 7, 21, and 28 days. the degra ... | 2017 | 27886533 |
| bioaccumulation and toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether in the presence of nanoscale zero-valent iron in an earthworm-soil system. | in this study, the bioaccumulation and toxic effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) (1 and 10 mg kg(-1)) were investigated in the earthworm eisenia fetida in the presence of different levels of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nzvi) (100, 500, and 1000 mg kg(-1)) in an earthworm-soil system. the results demonstrated that compared to single bde209 exposure, the addition of high levels of nzvi significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited growth and respiration, while increased the avoidance response of eart ... | 2017 | 27863305 |
| cryo-em structure of lysenin pore elucidates membrane insertion by an aerolysin family protein. | lysenin from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia fetida belongs to the aerolysin family of small β-pore-forming toxins (β-pfts), some members of which are pathogenic to humans and animals. despite efforts, a high-resolution structure of a channel for this family of proteins has been elusive and therefore the mechanism of activation and membrane insertion remains unclear. here we determine the pore structure of lysenin by single particle cryo-em, to 3.1 å resolution. the nonameric assembl ... | 2016 | 27048994 |
| investigation on the difference between biofilm morphologies of the vermifilter and conventional biofilter with the flow cytometer. | with the demand of new sludge reduction processes, a vermifilter (vf) was studied based on a conventional biofilter (bf). the biofilm morphology was investigated using a new technique, the flow cytometer (fcm), to find a way to optimize vf structure. vf was inoculated with eisenia fetida, packed with ceramsites, and operated stably at the organic load of 1.2kg-vssm(-3)d(-1) with bf as the control. compared with bf, vf had about 13% more removal efficiency of excess sludge and 45% shorter biofilm ... | 2016 | 27259185 |
| study on the influential factors of cd(2+) on the earthworm eisenia fetida in oxidative stress based on factor analysis approach. | when earthworms are exposed to pollutants, their antioxidant system will have responses immediately. consequently earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants as a sensitive bio-indicator. however, there are a large number of indices associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indices in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. factor analysis approach is a statistical method that uses a few facto ... | 2016 | 27219294 |
| optimal growth condition of earthworms and their vermicompost features during recycling of five different fresh fruit and vegetable wastes. | this study aimed to promote vermicomposting performance for recycling fresh fruit and vegetable wastes (fvws) and to assess microbial population and community of final products. five fresh fvws including banana peels, cabbage, lettuce, potato, and watermelon peels were chosen as earthworms' food. the fate test of earthworms showed that 30 g fresh fvws/day was the optimal loading and the banana peels was harmful for the survival of eisenia fetida. the followed vermicomposting test revealed lower ... | 2016 | 27184146 |
| toxicological and biochemical responses of the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to contaminated soil: effects of arsenic species. | arsenic is a pollutant that can be detected in different chemical forms in soil. however, the toxicological effects of different arsenic species on organisms have received little attention. in this study, we exposed earthworms eisenia fetida to artificial soils contaminated by arsenite [as(iii)], arsenate [as(v)], monomethylarsonate (mma) and dimethylarsinate (dma) for 28 and 56 days. three biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (lpo), metallothioneins (mts) and lysosomal membrane stability (lm ... | 2016 | 27045633 |
| earthworm ecology affects the population structure of their verminephrobacter symbionts. | earthworms carry species-specific verminephrobacter symbionts in their nephridia (excretory organs). the symbionts are vertically transmitted via the cocoon, can only colonize the host during early embryonic development, and have co-speciated with their host for about 100 million years. although several studies have addressed verminephrobacter diversity between worm species, the intra-species diversity of the symbiont population has never been investigated. in this study, symbiont population str ... | 2016 | 27040820 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of foundry sands and cosmetic sludges using new earthworm biomarkers. | the management and final disposal of industrial wastes are a matter of considerable human concern. the present study evaluates the cyto/genotoxic effects and changes of the coelomic cell formulas exerted by aqueous leachates and solid waste (sw) of two industrial residues using coelomocytes extruded from eisenia fetida. the assayed wastes corresponded to industrial foundry and cosmetic activities. after 14 days of exposure, we obtained a group of endpoints that reflect the toxicity/genotoxicity, ... | 2016 | 27030125 |
| influence of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms eisenia fetida and taxonomic diversity of the gut microflora. | the study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms eisenia fetida and composition of the gut microflora. analysis of the survival data has shown that the introduction of high doses of the nanoparticles causes death of worms in the second group with 35 % mortality rate and activates protective mechanisms realized as mucous film. dna from the worm guts was extracted and 16s metagenomic sequencing was fulfilled using miseq (illumina). regarding the gut microflo ... | 2016 | 27023811 |
| [aging law of pahs in contaminated soil and their enrichment in earthworms characterized by chemical extraction techniques]. | to evaluate the effect of aging on the availability of pahs, chemical extraction by exhaustive ( ase extraction) and nonexhaustive techniques (tenax-ta extraction, hydroxypropyl-p-cyclodextrin ( hpcd ) extraction, n-butyl alcohol ( buoh) extraction) as well as pahs accumulation in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were conducted in yellow soil from baguazhou, nanjing, china, and red soil from hainan, china, spiked with phenanthrene, pryene and benzo(a) pyrene and aged 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days. the res ... | 2015 | 27011997 |
| comparative avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida towards chloride, nitrate and sulphate salts of cd, cu and zn using filter paper and extruded water agar gels as exposure media. | we studied the avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida towards cd, cu, and zn, trace elements (tes) tested as chloride, nitrate and sulphate salts. sub adults were exposed individually using dual-cell chambers at 20+2°c in the dark. recordings were realised at different dates from 2h to 32h. we used filter paper and extruded water agar gel as exposure media to evaluate the contribution of the dermal and the digestive exposure routes on the avoidance reactions. exposures to cu or cd ( ... | 2016 | 26995062 |
| oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in earthworm eisenia fetida at different di-n-butyl phthalate exposure levels. | recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil, the environmental risk of phthalic acid esters (paes) is of great concern recently. effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (dnbp), an extensively used pae compound to eisenia fetida have been investigated in spiked natural brown yellow soil (alfisol) for soil contact test. the toxicity of dnbp to e. fetida on the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, peroxidase (pod), reactive oxygen species (ros) content, and the apoptosis of coelomocytes and d ... | 2016 | 26982081 |
| sewage sludge toxicity assessment using earthworm eisenia fetida: can biochemical and histopathological analysis provide fast and accurate insight? | sewage sludge (ss) is a complex organic by-product of wastewater treatment plants. deposition of large amounts of ss can increase the risk of soil contamination. therefore, there is an increasing need for fast and accurate assessment of ss toxic potential. toxic effects of ss were tested on earthworm eisenia fetida tissue, at the subcellular and biochemical level. earthworms were exposed to depot sludge (ds) concentration ratio of 30 or 70 %, to undiluted and to 100 and 10 times diluted active s ... | 2016 | 26971513 |
| heavy metal variation and characterization change of dissolved organic matter (dom) obtained from composting or vermicomposting pig manure amended with maize straw. | a mixture of pig manure and maize straw was vermicomposted with eisenia fetida or naturally composted for 60 days; basic parameters, heavy metal variation, dissolved organic matter (dom) content, and its characterization were determined, aiming to explore different dynamics of dom characterization and heavy metal variation during composting or vermicomposting. the results showed that vermicomposting led to higher ph, tc, and available p but lower ec, tn, available n, and available k in the subst ... | 2016 | 26971511 |
| antioxidant and gene expression responses of eisenia fetida following repeated exposure to bde209 and pb in a soil-earthworm system. | this study first adopted repeated treatment model to investigate stress responses in earthworms (eisenia fetida) following exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and lead (pb), which are the mainly co-existed contaminants at e-waste recycling sites. we evaluated the impacts of bde209-pb on antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, sod; catalase, cat) activities, malondialdehyde (mda) contents and transcriptional levels of three target genes (sod, cat and hsp70), and further explored the ... | 2016 | 26971217 |
| survival, growth, detoxifying and antioxidative responses of earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to soils with industrial ddt contamination. | the survival, growth, activity of the biotransformation system phase ii enzyme glutathione-s-transferase (gst) and the oxidative defense enzyme catalase (cat) of earthworms exposed to the contaminated soils from a former ddt plant and reference soils were investigated, and compared with the corresponding indicators in simulated soil-earthworm system, unpolluted natural soils with spiked-in ddt series, to identify the toxic effects of ddt on earthworms and their cellular defense system in complex ... | 2016 | 26969436 |
| behaviors of n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol (n-etfose) in a soil-earthworm system: transformation and bioaccumulation. | n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (n-etfose) is a typical precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos). in this study, the behaviors of n-etfose in a soil-earthworm system, including biodegradation in soil and bioaccumulation and biotransformation in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were investigated. n-etfose could be biodegraded in soil and biotransformed in earthworms to several metabolites, including n-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (n-etfosaa), perfluorooctane sulfonamide ac ... | 2016 | 26950632 |
| joint acute toxicity of the herbicide butachlor and three insecticides to the terrestrial earthworm, eisenia fetida. | the herbicide butachlor and three insecticides phoxim, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalotrhin are widely used pesticides with different modes of action. as most previous laboratory bioassays for these pesticides have been conducted solely based on acute tests with a single compound, only limited information is available on the possible combined toxicity of these common chemicals to soil organisms. in this study, we evaluated their mixture toxicity on the terrestrial earthworm, eisenia fetida, with ... | 2016 | 26946506 |
| gene expression profile changes in eisenia fetida chronically exposed to pfoa. | eisenia fetida is a terrestrial organism, which can be used to diagnose sub-lethal concentrations of pfoa by using molecular biomarkers. in order to identify potential molecular biomarkers, we have exposed e. fetida to 10 mg/kg of pfoa in soil for 8 months. the mrna isolation, sequencing, transcriptome assembly followed by differential gene expression studies have revealed that genes that are involved in apoptotic process, reproduction, calcium signalling, neuronal development and lipid metaboli ... | 2016 | 26942927 |
| comparative toxicity and bioaccumulation of fenvalerate and esfenvalerate to earthworm eisenia fetida. | more attention is being paid to the enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides. however, limited investigations have been done to assess the ecological risks of chiral pesticides to soil community. fenvalerate (fv), an extensively used synthetic pyrethroid, is a typical chiral pesticide. the most insecticidally active enantiomer of fv, esfenvalerate (esfv), also has been marketed and widely used. in this study, the toxicological sensitivity and bioaccumulation of fv and esfv in earthworms we ... | 2016 | 26900980 |
| effects of heat-treatment on the stability and composition of metabolomic extracts from the earthworm eisenia fetida. | environmental metabolomics studies employing earthworms as sentinels for soil contamination are numerous, but the instability of the metabolite extracts from these organisms has been minimally addressed. this study evaluated the efficacy of adding a heat-treatment step in two commonly used extraction protocols (bligh and dyer and d2o phosphate buffer) as a pre-analytical stabilization method. the resulting metabolic profiles of eisenia fetida were assessed using principal component analysis and ... | 2017 | 26893595 |
| multibiomarker response in the earthworm eisenia fetida as tool for assessing multi-walled carbon nanotube ecotoxicity. | carbon nanotubes have received a great attention in the last years thanks to their remarkable structural, electrical, and chemical properties. nowadays carbon nanotubes are increasingly found in terrestrial and aquatic environment and potential harmful impacts of these nanoparticles on humans and wildlife are attracting increasing research and public attention. the effects of carbon nanotubes on aquatic organisms have been explored by several authors, but comparatively the information available ... | 2016 | 26892788 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of five pesticides used in rice farming on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the toxicity of five pesticides typically used in rice farming (trichlorfon, dimethoate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and prochloraz) was evaluated on different lethal and sub-lethal endpoints of the earthworm eisenia fetida. the evaluated endpoints included: avoidance behaviour after an exposure period of 2 days; and mortality, weight loss, enzymatic activities (cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) and histopathological effects after an exposure period of 14 days. carben ... | 2016 | 26874341 |
| earthworm preference bioassays to evaluate land management practices. | earthworm preference tests, especially in soil-dosed exposures, can be an informative tool for assessing land management practices. agricultural management intended to increase crop yield and improve soil sustainability includes physical manipulation of topsoil through conventional tillage, reduced or no-tillage, and/or winter cover crops. soil amendments include the addition of inorganic nitrogen or organic nitrogen derived from soil amendments including biosolids from sewage treatment plants, ... | 2016 | 26873732 |
| effect of zero valent iron nanoparticles to eisenia fetida in three soil types. | in this study, the influence of soil types on the effect of the commercial form of c-nzvi on tissue concentrations, cellular component, reproduction outcome in eisenia fetida, and the soil health was investigated. c-nzvi at concentration level of 3 g kg(-1) soil showed no effect on the survival of e. fetida in the three soil types. however, varying effects such as concentration-dependent increase in tissue iron concentration, lipid peroxidation, and damage to dna molecules by c-nzvi were observe ... | 2016 | 26856861 |
| bioaccumulation and elimination of the herbicide clomazone in the earthworms eisenia fetida. | acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and elimination of herbicide clomazone in the earthworm eisenia fetida were investigated in the different exposure systems. the lc50 values of clomazone on earthworms were 5.6 μg cm(-2) in the contact filter paper test (48 h), 174.9 mg kg(-1) (7 days) and 123.4 mg kg(-1) (14 days) in artificial soil test, respectively. clomazone could rapidly bioaccumulate in earthworms and reached the highest concentration after 3 days exposure, with the maximum concentrations o ... | 2015 | 26370279 |
| determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and earthworm (eisenia fetida) using a quechers-based method and gas chromatography with tandem ms. | soil and earthworms are important objects in soil pollution assessment and environmental behavior and toxicity study for polychlorinated biphenyls. accelerated solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction are generally required for the extraction and clean-up of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and earthworm, which are tedious and time-consuming. in this work, a modified quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure combined with gas chromatography and triple quadrupole ... | 2015 | 26332829 |
| enrofloxacin at environmentally relevant concentrations enhances uptake and toxicity of cadmium in the earthworm eisenia fetida in farm soils. | individual and combined effects of enrofloxacin (ef) and cadmium (cd) on the earthworm eisenia fetida at environmentally relevant concentrations were investigated. ef is a veterinary antibiotic; cd is an impurity in phosphatic fertiliser. for both, residues may accumulate in farm soils. in laboratory tests, over 98% of spiked ef was adsorbed by farm soils, with a half-life >8 weeks. however, earthworms absorbed less than 20% of spiked ef. earthworms in soil with ef concentration 10 mg kg(-1) soi ... | 2016 | 26852206 |
| microbial enzyme and biomass responses: deciphering the effects of earthworms and seasonal variation on treating excess sludge. | this paper reports on a seasonal pattern comparison of microbial enzymatic activities and biomass responses based on a conventional biofilter (bf, without earthworm) and a vermifilter (vf, with earthworm, eisenia fetida) for excess sludge treatment. the volatile suspended solids (vss) reduction, viable cell number and enzyme activities were assayed to probe what made the vf operate stably. the results indicated that the earthworm activities can polish the vss reduction with 27.17% more than the b ... | 2016 | 26840985 |
| the earthworm eisenia fetida can help desalinate a coastal saline soil in tianjin, north china. | a laboratory microcosm experiment was conducted to determine whether the earthworm eisenia fetida could survive in a saline soil from a field site in north china, and an experiment using response surface methodology was conducted at that field site to quantify the effects of e. fetida and green waste compost (gwc) on the salt content of the soil. the microcosm results showed that e. fetida survived in gwc-amended saline soil and increased the contents of humic acid, available n, and available p ... | 2015 | 26699869 |
| exposure to 17β-oestradiol induces oxidative stress in the non-oestrogen receptor invertebrate species eisenia fetida. | the environmental impacts of various substances on all levels of organisms are under investigation. among these substances, endocrine-disrupting compounds (edcs) present a threat, although the environmental significance of these compounds remains largely unknown. to shed some light on this field, we assessed the effects of 17β-oestradiol on the growth, reproduction and formation of free radicals in eisenia fetida. | 2015 | 26695684 |
| effects of soil properties on copper toxicity to earthworm eisenia fetida in 15 chinese soils. | the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in soil are influenced by a variety of soil properties, and this principle should be recognized in establishing soil environmental quality criteria. in the present study, the uptake and toxicity of cu to the earthworm eisenia fetida in 15 chinese soils with various soil properties were investigated, and regression models for predicting cu toxicity across soils were developed. the results showed that earthworm survival and body weight change were less se ... | 2016 | 26688255 |
| biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (eisenia fetida). | ionic liquids also known as "green solvents," are used in many fields. however, the dispersion of ionic liquids in soil systems is likely to cause damage to soil organisms. the objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([c8 mim]cl) on earthworms (eisenia fetida). for this purpose, earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of [c8 mim]cl (0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg artificial soil) and sampled at 7 d, 14 ... | 2016 | 26671879 |
| biochemical responses and dna damage in earthworms (eisenia fetida) induced by ionic liquid [omim]pf6. | ionic liquids that are not that "green" to many organisms have recently been identified. this study examined the subchronic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim]pf6) to earthworms (eisenia fetida). earthworms were exposed for a 28-day period (sampled on days 7, 14, 21, and 28) at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), guaiacol peroxid ... | 2016 | 26667645 |
| accumulation of 2,4-dinitroanisole in the earthworm eisenia fetida from chemically spiked and aged natural soils. | an initiative within the us military is targeting the replacement of traditional munitions constituents with insensitive munitions to reduce the risk of accidental detonation. the bioavailability and bioaccumulative potential of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (dnan) to eisenia fetida was assessed in soils with different geochemical characteristics. prior to exposure, soils were chemically spiked with dnan and aged for 1 wk or 29 wk. transformation products 2- and 4-amino-n ... | 2016 | 26666709 |
| timing and scope of genomic expansion within annelida: evidence from homeoboxes in the genome of the earthworm eisenia fetida. | annelida represents a large and morphologically diverse group of bilaterian organisms. the recently published polychaete and leech genome sequences revealed an equally dynamic range of diversity at the genomic level. the availability of more annelid genomes will allow for the identification of evolutionary genomic events that helped shape the annelid lineage and better understand the diversity within the group. we sequenced and assembled the genome of the common earthworm, eisenia fetida. as a f ... | 2015 | 26659921 |
| evaluation of genotoxicity of the acute gamma radiation on earthworm eisenia fetida using single cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). | earthworms (eisenia fetida) most suitable biological indicators of radioactive pollution. radiation-induced lesions in dna can be considered to be molecular markers for early effects of ionizing radiation. gamma radiation produces a wide spectrum of dna. some of these lesions, i.e., dna strand breaks and alkali labile sites can be detected by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (scge) or comet assay by measuring the migration of dna from immobilized nuclear dna. e. fetida were exposed to differe ... | 2015 | 26653984 |
| bacterial community dynamics and ecotoxicological assessment during bioremediation of soils contaminated by biodiesel and diesel/biodiesel blends. | the gradual introduction of biodiesel in the brazilian energy landscape has primarily occurred through its blending with conventional petroleum diesel (e.g., b20 (20% biodiesel) and b5 (5% biodiesel) formulations). because b20 and lower-level blends generally do not require engine modifications, their use as transportation fuel is increasing in the brazilian distribution networks. however, the environmental fate of low-level biodiesel blends and pure biodiesel (b100) is poorly understood and the ... | 2015 | 26630771 |
| ecotoxicological effects of earthworm following long-term dechlorane plus exposure. | dechlorane plus (dp), similar to persistent organic pollutants, has been widely detected in environmental matrices, especially in sediment and soil. in this study, earthworms eisenia fetida were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 6.25 and 12.5 mg kg(-1) dp for 28 d. lethality, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and cellulase of e. fetida were assessed to investigate ecotoxicological effects of dp after long-term exposure. results showed that the direct toxicity of dp was very low. however, death rate, as well as ... | 2016 | 26619313 |
| purifying capability, enzyme activity, and nitrification potentials in december in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland with earthworms and different substrates. | the response of purifying capability, enzyme activity, nitrification potentials, and total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere in december to wetland plants, substrates, and earthworms was investigated in integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (ivfcw). the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (tn), nh4-n, chemical oxygen demand (cod), and total phosphorus (tp) was increased when earthworms were added into ivfcw. a significantly average removal efficiency of n in ivfcw that employed rive ... | 2016 | 26573309 |
| mercury in eisenia fetida and soil in the vicinity of a natural gas treatment plant in northern croatia. | in the last two decades (1990-2012), as part of a mercury monitoring programme, earthworms and soils have been collected from four locations in the vicinity of a natural gas production and treatment plant near the village of molve, croatia. the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of mercury in the collected samples, monitor its changes over a longer period of time and determine the bioaccumulation of total mercury in earthworms (eisenia fetida) from the soil. total mercury conce ... | 2016 | 26571043 |
| addressing the role of earthworms in treating domestic wastewater by analyzing biofilm modification through chemical and spectroscopic methods. | vermifiltration eco-friendly system is an alternative and low-cost artificial ecosystem for decentralized wastewater treatment and excess sludge reduction. the biofilm characteristics of a vermifilter (vf) with earthworms, eisenia fetida, for domestic wastewater treatment were studied. a conventional biofilter (bf) without earthworms served as the control. pore number in vf biofilm was significantly more than bf biofilm, and vf biofilm showed a better level-administrative structure through scann ... | 2016 | 26538257 |
| diastereomer- and enantiomer-specific accumulation, depuration, bioisomerization, and metabolism of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in two ecologically different species of earthworms. | in this study, two ecological types of earthworms were exposed to soil samples that were artificially contaminated with individual hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) diastereomers (α-, β-, and γ-hbcds) to investigate the bioaccumulation, depuration, enantiomer selectivity and isomerization of hbcds in earthworms. the uptake rate constant (ku), bioaccumulation factor (baf), biota soil accumulation factor (bsaf), and half-life (t1/2) for the α-hbcd were the highest among the three diastereomers. the bi ... | 2016 | 26520267 |
| interactions between sewage sludge-amended soil and earthworms--comparison between eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei composting species. | vermicomposting is an eco-friendly technology, where earthworms are introduced in the waste, inter alia sewage sludge, to cooperate with microorganisms and enhance decomposition of organic matter. the main aims of the present study was to determine the influence of two different earthworm species, eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei, on the changes of selected metallic trace elements content in substratum during vermicomposting process using three different sewage sludge mainly differentiated by t ... | 2016 | 26517992 |
| bioaccumulation and enantioselectivity of type i and type ii pyrethroid pesticides in earthworm. | in this study, the bioavailability and enantioselectivity differences between bifenthrin (bf, typeⅰpyrethroid) and lambad-cyhalothrin (lct, type ⅱ pyrethroid) in earthworm (eisenia fetida) were investigated. the bio-soil accumulation factors (bsafs) of bf was about 4 times greater than that of lct. lct was degraded faster than bf in soil while eliminated lower in earthworm samples. compound sorption plays an important role on bioavailability in earthworm, and the soil-adsorption coefficient (k(o ... | 2016 | 26490429 |
| biological effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and pb on earthworm (eisenia fetida) in a soil system. | bde209 and pb are ubiquitous contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (ewrss). this study aimed to determine acute and sub-acute toxicity to earthworm eisenia fetida induced by bde209 and pb in natural soil. results demonstrated that the inhibition of pb on growth and reproduction of earthworms followed a dose-dependent pattern. earthworms exposed to 100 mg kg(-1) of bde209 displayed avoidance responses, while the soil indicated a more obvious decline of habitat function with the increase of pb l ... | 2015 | 26412261 |
| thresholds of arsenic toxicity to eisenia fetida in field-collected agricultural soils exposed to copper mining activities in chile. | several previous studies highlighted the importance of using field-collected soils-and not artificially-contaminated soils-for ecotoxicity tests. however, the use of field-collected soils presents several difficulties for interpretation of results, due to the presence of various contaminants and unavoidable differences in the physicochemical properties of the tested soils. the objective of this study was to estimate thresholds of metal toxicity in topsoils of 24 agricultural areas historically c ... | 2015 | 26398238 |
| dna damage and oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid exposure in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | to investigate the soil ecological effect of imidacloprid, earthworm eisenia fetida was exposed to various concentrations of imidacloprid (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mg kg(-1) soil) respectively after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. the effect of imidacloprid on reactive oxygen species (ros) generation, antioxidant enzymes activity [superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat), glutathione s-transferase enzyme (gst)], malondialdehyde (mda) content and dna damage of the e. fetida was investigated. significant in ... | 2016 | 26397468 |
| impacts of bde209 addition on pb uptake, subcellular partitioning and gene toxicity in earthworm (eisenia fetida). | lead (pb) and decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) are the mainly co-existed contaminants at e-waste recycling sites. the potential toxicity of pb (250 μg g(-1)) to earthworm eisenia fetida in the presence of bde209 (1, 10 and 100 μg g(-1)) was determined during 14-d incubation period. compared to pb treatment alone, the co-exposure with 1 μg g(-1) bde209 barely affected pb uptake, subcellular partitioning and gene expression; however, histopathological changes in earthworms' body wall (epidermal, c ... | 2015 | 26311194 |
| chiral insecticide α-cypermethrin and its metabolites: stereoselective degradation behavior in soils and the toxicity to earthworm eisenia fetida. | the enantioselective degradation of the widely used chiral insecticide α-cypermethrin in soils has been investigated, and its main metabolites cis-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-dcca) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-pba), which have potential environmental problems, have also been determined. the enantiomers of α-cypermethrin were separated on chiralcel od chiral columns by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) under normal phase, and the metabolites w ... | 2015 | 26302054 |
| vermicomposting as an advanced biological treatment for industrial waste from the leather industry. | the leather industry (tanneries) generates high amounts of toxic wastes, including solid and liquid effluents that are rich in organic matter and mineral content. vermicomposting was studied as an alternative method of treating the wastes from tanneries. vermicompost was produced from the following tannery residues: tanned chips of wet-blue leather, sludge from a liquid residue treatment station, and a mixture of both. five hundred earthworms (eisenia fetida) were added to each barrel. during th ... | 2016 | 26828795 |
| hypotensive and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of eisenia fetida extract in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | objectives. this study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects of an eisenia fetida extract (efe) and its possible mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr rats). methods. sixteen-week-old shr rats and wistar-kyoto rats (wky rats) were used in this study. rats were, respectively, given efe (efe group), captopril (captopril group), or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) (normal control group and shr group) for 4 weeks. ace inhibitory activity of efe in vitro was determined. the sy ... | 2015 | 26798397 |
| combined subacute toxicity of copper and antiparasitic albendazole to the earthworm (eisenia fetida). | copper (cu) is one of the most common metal contaminants, and albendazole (abz) is a veterinary drug with a high efficacy against helminthes. it is believed that the two may co-exist in soil. in this study, the combined subacute toxicity of cu exposure (0, 80, 120, 160 mg kg(-1)) and abz exposure (0, 3, 9 mg kg(-1)) in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were observed using three approaches, namely chronic growth and reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activity, and earthworm cu residue. the results have s ... | 2016 | 26780053 |
| evaluation of the toxicity, ache activity and dna damage caused by imidacloprid on earthworms, eisenia fetida. | imidacloprid is a well-known pesticide and it is timely to evaluate its toxicity to earthworms (eisenia fetida). in the present study, the effect of imidacloprid on reproduction, growth, acetylcholinesterase (ache) and dna damage in earthworms was assessed using an artificial soil medium. the median lethal concentration (lc50) and the median number of hatched cocoons (ec50) of imidacloprid to earthworms was 3.05 and 0.92 mg/kg respectively, the lowest observed effect concentration of imidaclopri ... | 2015 | 26293707 |
| differences in scaling and morphology between lumbricid earthworm ecotypes. | many soft-bodied invertebrates use a flexible, fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton for burrowing. the aim of our study was to compare the scaling and morphology between surface-dwelling and burrowing earthworm ecotypes to explore the specializations of non-rigid musculoskeletal systems for burrowing locomotion. we compared the scaling of adult lumbricid earthworms across species and ecotypes to determine whether linear dimensions were significantly associated with ecotype. we also compared the ont ... | 2015 | 26232418 |
| molecular tools to understand the bioremediation effect of plants and earthworms on contaminated marine sediments. | a meso-scale pilot plant was set up to test the efficiency of a bioremediation scheme applied to marine sediments contaminated by heavy metals and hydrocarbons. the experiment was implemented for three years in two stages using two remediation agents: plants (paspalum vaginatum and tamarix gallica) and earthworms (eisenia fetida). dna and rna-based methodologies were applied to elucidate the dynamics of the bacterial population and were related to improving biological and chemical conditions of ... | 2015 | 26223013 |
| different routes, same pathways: molecular mechanisms under silver ion and nanoparticle exposures in the soil sentinel eisenia fetida. | use of nanotechnology products is increasing; with silver (ag) nanoparticles particularly widely used. a key uncertainty surrounding the risk assessment of agnps is whether their effects are driven through the same mechanism of action that underlies the toxic effects of ag ions. we present the first full transcriptome study of the effects of ag ions and nps in an ecotoxicological model soil invertebrate, the earthworm eisenia fetida. gene expression analyses indicated similar mechanisms for both ... | 2015 | 26204059 |
| earthworms modify microbial community structure and accelerate maize stover decomposition during vermicomposting. | in the present study, maize stover was vermicomposted with the epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida. the results showed that, during vermicomposting process, the earthworms promoted decomposition of maize stover. analysis of microbial communities of the vermicompost by high-throughput pyrosequencing showed more complex bacterial community structure in the substrate treated by the earthworms than that in the control group. the dominant microbial genera in the treatment with the earthworms were pseudo ... | 2015 | 26139410 |
| biomarker analysis of combined oxytetracycline and zinc pollution in earthworms (eisenia fetida). | to determine the interactive action of antibiotics and heavy metals, this study assessed pollutant-induced responses of cellular biomarkers in earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to zinc (zn(2+)) and oxytetracycline (otc) in soil. lysosomal membranes were damaged and coelomocyte apoptosis occurred with exposure to the individual and combined pollutants. compared with zn(2+) alone, lysosomal membrane stability and coelomocyte apoptosis decreased in the zn(2+)-otc combined treatment, possibly as a ... | 2015 | 26134676 |
| nanosilver pathophysiology in earthworms: transcriptional profiling of secretory proteins and the implication for the protein corona. | previously we have identified lysenin as a key protein constituent of the secretome from eisenia fetida coelomocytes and revealed its critical importance in priming interactions between the cells and the protein corona around nanosilver. as alterations of the protein environment can directly affect the corona composition, the extent to which nanoparticles influence the cells' protein secretion profile is of remarkable interest that has rarely acquired attention. here, we have probed transcriptio ... | 2016 | 26119277 |
| responses of growth inhibition and antioxidant gene expression in earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to tetrabromobisphenol a, hexabromocyclododecane and decabromodiphenyl ether. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa), hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) and decabromodiphenyl ether (bde 209), suspected ubiquitous contaminants, account for the largest volume of brominated flame retardants (bfrs) since penta-bde and octa-bde have been phased out globally. in this paper, the growth inhibition and gene transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat)) and the stress-response gene involved in the prevention of oxidative stress (hsp70) of earthworms (eisen ... | 2016 | 26117064 |
| toxicological effects of soil contaminated with spirotetramat to the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of spirotetramat to the earthworm eisenia fetida in a natural soil environment. many biochemical markers, viz., superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), peroxidase (pod), glutathione s-transferase (gst), cellulase, and malondialdehyde (mda) contents were measured after exposure to 0.25, 1.25, and 2.5mgkg(-1) for 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28days. in addition, the comet assay was performed on earthworm coelomocytes to assess the level of gene ... | 2015 | 26081578 |
| the forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland with earthworms and different substrates. | a sequential extraction method was utilized to analyze seven forms of p in an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (ivfcw) containing earthworms and different substrates. the aluminum-bound p (al-p) content was found to be lower, and the occluded p (oc-p) content was higher in the ivfcw. the addition of earthworms into the influent chamber of ivfcw increased the exchange p (ex-p), iron-bound p (fe-p), calcium bound p (ca-p), oc-p, detritus-bound (de-p) and organic p (org-p) content in th ... | 2015 | 26025066 |
| analysis of eisenia fetida earthworm responses to sub-lethal c60 nanoparticle exposure using (1)h-nmr based metabolomics. | the enhanced production and environmental release of buckminsterfullerene (c60) nanoparticles will likely increase the exposure and risk to soil dwelling organisms. we used (1)h nmr-based metabolomics to investigate the response of eisenia fetida earthworms to sub-lethal c60 nanoparticle exposure in both contact and soil tests. principal component analysis of (1)h nmr data showed clear separation between controls and exposed earthworms after just 2 days of exposure, however as exposure time incr ... | 2015 | 26024814 |
| assessment of different organic supplements for degradation of parthenium hysterophorus by vermitechnology. | globally, there are a number of treatments indicated for the control of invasive alien plant species like parthenium. the production and use of vermicomposts from weeds or other wastes in agriculture is economical and eco-friendly. the unique advantage of using vermicomposting is that it helps to build and sustain soil condition and fertility for sustainable agricultural activities. the present study was an attempt to produce the vermicompost from parthenium, farm and animal wastes and to analyz ... | 2015 | 25988005 |
| transcriptional responses of earthworm (eisenia fetida) exposed to naphthenic acids in soil. | in this study, earthworms (eisenia fetida) were exposed to commercial nas contaminated soil, and changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and gene expressions of their defense system were monitored. the effects on the gene expression involved in reproduction and carcinogenesis were also evaluated. significant increases in ros levels was observed in nas exposure groups, and the superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) genes were both up-regulated at low and medium exposure dose ... | 2015 | 25984985 |
| toxicity and bioaccumulation of bromadiolone to earthworm eisenia fetida. | bromadiolone, a potent second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, has been extensively used worldwide for the field control of rodents. invertebrates may be at risk from primary poisoning as a result of bromadiolone bait applications. however, there are few data regarding the toxicity and bioaccumulation of bromadiolone to earthworms. in this study, we reported that bromadiolone was toxic to earthworms at 1mg/kg soil, which is a likely concentration in the field following application of bromad ... | 2015 | 25965004 |
| indication of metal homeostasis disturbance in earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to semi-solid depot sludge. | treated sewage sludge is commonly used in agriculture as fertilizer. it is, therefore, necessary to determine possible detrimental influences of sludge application on soil contamination and accumulation of contaminants in tissues of terrestrial animals, which in the long run could also have undesirable effects on humans. with that aim, the study was performed using earthworm eisenia fetida as test organism and semi-solid depot sludge from a wastewater treatment plant as exposure media. the conce ... | 2015 | 25931022 |
| characterization of two endoglucanases for the classification of the earthworm, eisenia fetida waki. | eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei are vermicomposting species that are used as model animals for testing chemical material toxicology. eisenia spp. are grown commercially in various fields in japan. however, these two species have not been classified because it is difficult to distinguish them morphologically; thus, all bred earthworms are called e. fetida. however, it has been proposed that these two species have different expression regulation mechanisms. here, we classified a sample of earthw ... | 2015 | 26295166 |
| determination of biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) toxicity to earthworm (eisenia fetida). | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compounds are persistent, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. when pahs enter agricultural soils through sewage sludge, they pose an environmental risk to soil organisms, including earthworms. therefore, we aimed to determine the toxic effects of pahs on earthworms. five pahs were used: fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. only fluorene and phenanthrene exhibited toxicity (lc50 values 394.09 and 114.02 g l(-1), respectively) against the ear ... | 2015 | 25920560 |
| short-term soil bioassays may not reveal the full toxicity potential for nanomaterials; bioavailability and toxicity of silver ions (agno₃) and silver nanoparticles to earthworm eisenia fetida in long-term aged soils. | this study investigated if standard risk assessment hazard tests are long enough to adequately provide the worst case exposure for nanomaterials. this study therefore determined the comparative effects of the aging on the bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms of soils dosed with silver ions and silver nanoparticles (ag np) for 1, 9, 30 & 52 weeks, and related this to the total ag in the soil, ag in soil pore water and earthworm tissue ag concentrations. for ionic ag, a classical pattern of ... | 2015 | 25910462 |
| an energy budget agent-based model of earthworm populations and its application to study the effects of pesticides. | earthworms are important organisms in soil communities and so are used as model organisms in environmental risk assessments of chemicals. however current risk assessments of soil invertebrates are based on short-term laboratory studies, of limited ecological relevance, supplemented if necessary by site-specific field trials, which sometimes are challenging to apply across the whole agricultural landscape. here, we investigate whether population responses to environmental stressors and pesticide ... | 2014 | 25844009 |
| biological response of earthworm, eisenia fetida, to five neonicotinoid insecticides. | earthworms (eisenia fetida) are one of the most abundant terrestrial species, and play an important role in maintaining the ecological function of soil. neonicotinoids are some of the most widely used insecticides applied to crops. studies on the effect of neonicotinoids on e. fetida are limited. in the present work, we evaluated the effects of five neonicotinoid insecticides on reproduction, cellulase activity and the tissues of e. fetida. the results showed that, the lc50 of imidacloprid, acet ... | 2015 | 25828917 |
| acute toxicological effects on the earthworm eisenia fetida of 18 common pharmaceuticals in artificial soil. | following soil applications of recycled water and biosolids, pharmaceutical residues can eventually enter the terrestrial environment. in vitro and in vivo assays have largely focused on the acute ecotoxicity of these compounds in aquatic systems. however, studies on the ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceuticals in soil biota are especially scarce. the aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of 18 pharmaceuticals (4 nsaids, 5 blood lipid-lowering agents, 6 β-blockers and 3 anti ... | 2015 | 25765375 |
| establishment of toxicity thresholds in subpopulations of coelomocytes (amoebocytes vs. eleocytes) of eisenia fetida exposed in vitro to a variety of metals: implications for biomarker measurements. | coelomocytes comprise the immune system of earthworms and due to their sensitivity responding to a wide range of pollutants have been widely used as target cells in soil ecotoxicology. recently, in vitro assays with primary cultures of coelomocytes based in the neutral red uptake (nru) assay have been developed as promising tools for toxicity assessment chemical in a reproducible and cost-effective manner. however, nru showed a bimodal dose-response curve previously described after in vivo and i ... | 2015 | 25762103 |
| long-term toxic effects of deltamethrin and fenvalerante in soil. | in this study, the long-term toxic effects of pyrethroids on the earthworm eisenia fetida were evaluated. earthworms were exposed to moist filter paper and soil for 14 days to evaluate the survival, exposed to soil for 56 days to assess the reproductive success and for 28 days to identify the cytotoxicity. results showed that the earthworm survival rate decreased with increasing the concentration of either deltamethrin or fenvalerate in both filter paper test and soil test. no worms survived at ... | 2015 | 25725337 |
| evaluation of dna damage and antioxidant system induced by di-n-butyl phthalates exposure in earthworms (eisenia fetida). | di-n-butyl phthalates (dbp) are recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil and adversely impact the health of organisms. the effect of dbp on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, sod; catalase, cat), malondialdehyde (mda) content and dna damage were used as biomarkers to analyze the relationship between dna damage and oxidative stress and to evaluate the genotoxic effect of dbp on earthworms (eisenia fetida). dbp was added to artificial soil in the amounts of 0, 5, 10, 5 ... | 2015 | 25682584 |
| highly selective biomarkers for pesticides developed in eisenia fetida using seldi-tof ms. | the repeated use of pesticides, and their subsequent residues, has contributed to severe adverse effects on the environment, including risks to human health. therefore, it is important to assess the quality of the environment to ensure it remains free from pesticide residues. the six pesticides tested in this study showed high mortality on eisenia fetida with lc50 values ranging from 7.7 to 37.9 g l(-1). the strongest lethal effect resulted from the organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (lc50=7. ... | 2015 | 25682009 |
| the synergistic toxicity of the multiple chemical mixtures: implications for risk assessment in the terrestrial environment. | the combined toxicity of five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, and phoxim), two herbicides (atrazine and butachlor) and a heavy metal (cadmium) has been examined with the earthworm acute toxicity test. toxicological interactions of these chemicals in four, five, six, seven, and eight-component mixtures were studied using the combination-index (ci) equation method. in four-component and five-component mixtures, the synergistic effects predominated at lower effe ... | 2015 | 25667058 |
| effects of silver nanoparticles to soil invertebrates: oxidative stress biomarkers in eisenia fetida. | silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are among the most produced nps worldwide having several applications in consumer products. ag-nps are known to cause oxidative stress in several organisms and cell lines, however comparatively less information is available regarding their effects on soil living invertebrates. the purpose of this study was to investigate if ag-nps cause oxidative stress on soil invertebrates. the model soil species eisenia fetida was used. our results showed that total glutathione ( ... | 2015 | 25618366 |
| inhibition and recovery of biomarkers of earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to thiacloprid. | thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used widely in agriculture worldwide. in recent years, the adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on non-target organisms have attracted more and more attention. in the present study, effects of thiacloprid on molecular biomarkers (gst, care, cat, sod, pod, and dna damage) of earthworm eisenia fetida were investigated using the artificial oecd soil for the first time. earthworms were exposed to thiacloprid (1 and 3 mg/kg) for 7, 14, and 2 ... | 2015 | 25613803 |