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specificity of affinity-purified trichinella spiralis antigens.an affinity-purified fraction (apf) was obtained by passing crude somatic antigens of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae through an affi-gel 10 column coupled with anti-trichuris suis igg. the fraction contained seven antigens with molecular weights ranging from 28 to 55 kda. when tested with antiserum against other common nematodes of pigs from china, the apf was found to be markedly more specific than s3 antigens (prepared by a combination of cell fractionation and differential centrifugation ...19921373256
increased levels of substance p in the myenteric plexus of trichinella-infected rats.changes in immunoreactive substance p concentrations were investigated in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations from the inflamed jejunum of trichinella spiralis-infected rats. the substance p concentration increased within 2 days of infection and increased fivefold by day 6; in contrast, there was no significant increase in substance p in the noninflamed ileum. in vitro exposure of preparations from infected rats to scorpion venom reduced substance p levels by 88%. in addition, no i ...19921375178
influence of resistant and susceptible genotype, il-1, and lymphoid organ on trichinella spiralis-induced cytokine secretion.the relative importance of cell-mediated inflammatory responses and antibody-mediated responses in controlling parasitic helminth infection is debated. to study the relationship between these responses and resistance or susceptibility to primary trichinella spiralis infection, we infected resistant akr mice and susceptible b10.br mice and analyzed the lymphokines il-2, ifn-gamma, and il-5 produced by their t cells as a function of time and lymphoid organ. il-2-secretors occurred maximally betwee ...19921353100
trichinella spiralis: evidence that mice do not express rapid expulsion.the rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis by mice of a variety of inbred and f1 mouse strains was examined. mice were reinfected once with t. spiralis during and immediately after the natural termination of a primary infection and worm rejection was measured less than or equal to 24 hr after the challenge. the results showed that the challenge (super)infection was consistently rejected by all mouse strains before rejection of the adult worms from the primary infection commenced. rejection of t ...19921592093
[the helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne, 1758) in nordhessen and ostwestfalen. 2. nematodes].between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 403 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the districts of kassel, arnsberg and detmold. in 32.7% of the foxes infections with toxocara canis were found, in 11.1% toxascaris leonina, in 3.8% ancylostoma caninum, in 3.5% uncinaria stenocephala and in 2.3% capillaria species. in most cases the number of nematod ...19921459030
taxonomic revision of the genus trichinella.the analysis of genetic, biochemical, and biological data on about 300 trichinella isolates, reported in the literature, allows a taxonomic revision of this genus. we propose the recognition of 5 sibling species, trichinella spiralis (owen, 1835) sensu stricto; trichinella nativa britov and boev, 1972; trichinella pseudospiralis garkavi, 1972; trichinella nelsoni britov and boev, 1972 sensu stricto; and trichinella britovi n. sp., on the basis of biochemical and biological characteristics. trich ...19921635024
allozymic and biological characters of trichinella pseudospiralis isolates from free-ranging animals.to evaluate biological and biochemical variability in nonencapsulated trichinella isolates, biological and allozymic studies were conducted on isolates of trichinella collected from a raptoral bird (aquila rapax) and a fox (vulpes corsac) in kazakhstan and from a dasyurid marsupial (dasyurus maculatus) on the island of tasmania, australia. allozyme profiles of bird and marsupial isolates showed close similarity with the type isolate of trichinella pseudospiralis. the avian and fox isolates succe ...19921491304
significance of diaphragm sampling for determining larvicidal effect of flubendazole and mebendazole on trichinella spiralis in mice. 19921479783
characterization of cholinesterases from the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis.1. trichinella cholinesterases occur in multiple molecular forms which differ in size, kinetics, activity with butyrylthiocholine, and effects of inhibitors. 2. the 5.3 and 13s forms identified in trichinella extracts are also found in c. elegans and other nematodes but the 7s form which occurs in other nematodes was absent from trichinella detergent extracts. differences in kinetic and inhibition properties among nematode species were also evident. 3. the level of cholinesterases in excretory/s ...19921360365
proteolytic enzymes from trichinella spiralis larvae.trichinella spiralis larvae infect their hosts by the penetration of small intestine enterocytes. the exact mechanism of penetration is unknown, but the presence of proteolytic enzymes is suspected. in this study, whole worm extracts and excretory-secretory (es) components were obtained and their proteolytic enzymes examined. enzymes from worm extracts were capable of hydrolysing azocoll, a general protease substrate in a wide range of ph (2-8), with maximal activity at ph 5. trichinella spirali ...19921485414
a trichinosis outbreak among southeast asian refugees.the number of cases of trichinosis reported to centers for disease control has declined steadily, with an average of only 44 cases per year from 1984 through 1988. this decline was almost entirely due to a reduction in cases acquired from ingestion of fresh commercial pork. however, from july 21 through september 3, 1990, 90 (72%) of 125 southeast asian refugees from six states and canada developed trichinosis after attending or eating pork sausage taken from a wedding held in des moines, iowa, ...19921510086
prevalence of trichinella spiralis in black bears (ursus americanus) from newfoundland and labrador, canada.tongue and diaphragm samples from 158 black bears (ursus americanus) from newfoundland and labrador were examined for trichinella spiralis. no larvae were detected in samples from the island of newfoundland but one animal from the labrador samples was infected. the results of this and other studies suggest a lack of involvement of the black bear in a sylvatic cycle of t. spiralis in eastern canada.19921512886
il-10 induces transcription of the gene for mouse mast cell protease-1, a serine protease preferentially expressed in mucosal mast cells of trichinella spiralis-infected mice.mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (bmmc) obtained by culturing progenitor cells with ril-3 express mouse mast cell protease (mmcp)-5 mrna but not mmcp-1 mrna or mmcp-4 mrna. in terms of mast cell differentiation, these transcripts encode one early-expressed and two late-expressed chymases, respectively. cdna and crna probes were used in rnase protection assays and rna blot analyses to study the expression of these three homologous protease genes in cultured mast cells and in helminth-infected ...19921517575
[a family outbreak of trichinosis acquired in israel].trichinosis is a parasitic disease transmitted to man by ingestion of contaminated raw meat, usually pork, containing cysts of trichinella spiralis. formerly appearing as serious epidemics, it has now become uncommon due to public health control measures. since the jewish and moslem religions forbid consumption of pork, the disease is even rarer in israel. the literature indicates that all the cases of trichinosis hospitalized in israel were contaminated abroad. we describe an israeli family in ...19921526560
abnormal thymus development and impaired function of the immune system in rats after prenatal exposure to aciclovir.aciclovir (synonym: acyclovir) causes abnormal thymus development in rats. after treatment on day 10 of gestation a weight reduction of the organ is obvious in 21-day-old fetuses which persists postnatally. adult male rats exposed in utero to one or three injections of 100 mg aciclovir/kg body wt given to the dam on day 10 of pregnancy showed a reduction of the thymus weight to 333 +/- 158 mg and 276 +/- 61 mg (control: 428 +/- 92 mg; n = 10). corresponding alterations were detectable in female ...19921463390
the effects of maternal ethanol consumption on lactational transfer of immunity to trichinella spiralis in rats.transient immunity to the intestinal parasite trichinella spiralis can be transferred from the mother to the neonate during lactation. the goal of this study was to determine whether maternal ingestion of ethanol during pregnancy and lactation inhibited expression of anti- t. spiralis immunity in nursing pups. groups of female rats were infected with 1000 t. spiralis l1 larva, mated, and fed either ethanol-containing or isocaloric liquid diets and maintained on diets through pregnancy and lactat ...19921443426
experimental reorganization of host muscle cells by excretory/secretory products of infective trichinella spiralis larvae. 19921566315
ultrastructure, antigenicity, and histochemistry of stichocyte granules of adult trichinella spiralis.the stichosome of adult trichinella spiralis was studied to determine its ultrastructural, antigenic, and histochemical characteristics. stichocytes of adult worms had 2 types of granules, type i and type ii, the ultrastructure of which was different from those of muscle larvae. both types of granules consisted of a membrane surrounding a homogeneous matrix, and type i granules were rounder than type ii granules. sera from c3h mice immunized against excretory-secretory products of muscle larvae ...19921597798
trichinella spiralis: activation of complement by infective larvae, adults, and newborn larvae.the ability of trichinella spiralis to activate complement (c) has been addressed by several investigators. however, these investigators employed methods in which either detection of c fragments on the parasite surface or the adherence of leukocytes to the parasite was considered an indication of c activation. the present studies were undertaken to examine: (a) whether activation of c occurs via the classical and/or alternative pathway, (b) at which stage(s) of the parasite c activating capacity ...19921582481
analysis of a 43-kda glycoprotein from the intracellular parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis.the l1 larvae of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis invade skeletal muscle and initiate a process that has been interpreted to represent skeletal muscle dedifferentiation. in this process, the infected region of the muscle cell is converted into a unique structure, called the nurse cell. the nematode t. spiralis can survive for tens of years within the cytoplasm of the nurse cell and secretes proteins into the cytoplasm that are believed to play a role in mediating the nurse cell format ...19921382055
identification of diagnostic antigens from trichinella spiralis.the western blotting technique was used to determine the antigens of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae that were recognized by antibodies in sera from humans and pigs displaying t. spiralis infections. this resulted in the identification of several antigens that were recognized by all sera. some of these antigens, notably those that were recognized during the early stage of infection, cross-reacted with antibodies to other parasites. this cross-reactivity was caused by the presence of phosphory ...19921557322
trichinella spiralis: influence of an immunodominant, carbohydrate-associated determinant on the host antibody response repertoire.host antibody responses to the g2.1 epitope, a carbohydrate-associated determinant shared by several trichinella spiralis glycoproteins, were examined by competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the g2.1 epitope dominated the akr/j mouse antibody response whether the antigens were injected or introduced through infection, as determined by the serum blocking ability of a g2.1 epitope-specific monoclonal antibody (mab). serum t. spiralis-binding activity from several other ...19911709113
distribution of mast cells in intestinal muscle of nematode-sensitized rats.we examined the distribution and functional integrity of mast cells in intestinal longitudinal muscle in rats sensitized by two previous infections with trichinella spiralis. a segment of jejunum was excluded from the gut before infection, and the remainder of the gut was anastomosed. few mast cells were seen in muscle of noninfected control rats except in the region of the jejunal anastomosis. in rats sensitized by t. spiralis infection, mast cells were increased in number in the jejunum and th ...19921550236
t lymphocyte dependent enteropathy in murine trichinella spiralis infection.mice infected with trichinella spiralis developed significant enteropathy, comprising villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, goblet cell hyperplasia and a decrease in intra-epithelial lymphocyte numbers by 10 days post-infection, when most of the parasites had been expelled from the gut. however, worm expulsion was prevented by treatment with cyclosporin a and, despite a continued parasite burden, cyclosporin a treated animals had no villus atrophy or changes in inflammatory cell numbers. these resu ...19921570173
trichinosis with severe myopathic involvement mimicking polymyositis. report of a family outbreak.we describe an outbreak of trichinosis in 3 members of a rural family. in the 3 patients eating raw pork was the source of infection. they presented with myalgias and severe proximal muscle weakness mimicking polymyositis. the diagnosis was made by demonstration of larvae of trichinella spiralis in the muscle biopsy and also by the presence of anti-trichinella antibodies detected by double immunodiffusion in their sera. we call attention to the unusual clinical presentation of trichinosis in our ...19921629835
rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in adult rats mediated by monoclonal antibodies of distinct igg isotypes.the role of igg in rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in adult rats was analysed. in this experimental model, rats were first infected with an unrelated nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus, then 5-14 days later, immune serum, its fractions, or igg monoclonal antibody (mab) was transferred. rats were challenged with t. spiralis muscle larvae 24 hr after antibody transfer and intestinal worms counted at various times, up to 24 hr, after challenge. provided rats were exposed to h. polygyrus fir ...19921572697
characterization of cellular and molecular immune effectors against trichinella spiralis newborn larvae in vivo.the cellular and molecular immune effectors that participated in host immunity against trichinella spiralis newborn larvae were characterized in vivo using ao rats. donor rats were immunized with 2,000 muscle larvae orally or 11,400 newborn larvae i.v. immune serum and cells from spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, mesenteric lymph node, thoracic duct lymph and the peritoneal cavity were obtained from donor rats 10-21 days after infection and transferred into normal recipient rats. the control recip ...19921611662
host resistance to trichinella spiralis infection in rats and mice: species-dependent effects of cyclophosphamide exposure.host resistance to trichinella spiralis infection was compared in male rats (f344) and female mice (c57bl/6j) following various cyclophosphamide (cy) treatment schedules. doses of cy given to mice were adjusted by body surface area to be comparable to rat doses. adult parasite elimination was not affected by oral administration of 1.5, 3 or 6 mg cy/kg per day to rats or 1.05, 2.1 or 4.2 mg cy/kg per day to mice for 10 days. in rats, resistance was suppressed by a single oral dose of 80 mg/kg giv ...19921631907
[trichinosis in children. a report of 8 cases].a comparative study between 8 cases of trichinosis and 16 of typhoid fever is presented in this paper; all of them were attended in the inp during the period from 1970 to 1990. the diagnosis was established under epidemiologic, clinic and laboratory bases. the range of age of these patients was from 10 to 14 years, from low socioeconomic status; half of the cases had history of in take of infested pork meat. the most characteristic symptoms were: fever, myalgia and limitation of muscular movemen ...19921605875
trichinella spiralis: modifications of the cuticle of the newborn larva during passage through the lung.a scintigraphic method was developed to study the distribution of radioactivity after iv injection of 131i-labeled trichinella spiralis newborn larvae into normal rats. it was found that the radioactivity was immediately retained in the lungs and thereafter slowly released, with a mean transit time in excess of 9 hr, as calculated by image analysis. at various times after iv injection of newborn larvae into normal mice, the lungs were removed and parasites were recovered and counted. fifty to se ...19921639155
trichinella spiralis: dose dependence and kinetics of the mucosal immune response in mice.the role of the mucosal immune response in helminth infections is not clear. in this study, the dose dependence and kinetics of the mucosal immune response to trichinella spiralis were determined in experimentally infected swiss webster and balb/c mice. the primary mucosal isotype was siga, although igg was also detected, and primary infections with 10 and 150 larvae produced an anamnestic response on challenge. the mucosal and systemic immunoglobulin responses were dose dependent in both primar ...19921639167
t-lymphocyte modulation of intestinal muscle function in the trichinella-infected rat.jejunal longitudinal muscle from trichinella-infected sprague-dawley rats generates increased tension in vitro 6 days after infection. to investigate the extent to which this increase is dependent on t lymphocytes, smooth muscle contraction was examined in athymic rats (rnu/rnu) and in their euthymic (rnu/+) littermates 6 days after infection. in both thymus-bearing and athymic rats, the highest concentrations of trichinella were found in the jejunum where mucosal myeloperoxidase activity was in ...19911646141
trichinella pseudospiralis overcomes innate resistance of the chinese hamster to trichinella spiralis.infectivity of trichinella pseudospiralis in chinese hamsters was greater than that of trichinella spiralis. concurrent infection with these two species of parasite was accompanied by an increase in infectivity of t. spiralis. the infectivity of t. pseudospiralis, but not that of t. spiralis, was significantly influenced by host age. regardless of host age, t. pseudospiralis was more infective for the chinese hamster than was t. spiralis. early during infection, enteritis (myeloperoxidase activi ...19911664077
trichinosis from wild boar meat in gojjam, north-west ethiopia.an outbreak of trichinosis associated with ingestion of meat from a wild boar in gojjam administrative region, ethiopia, is reported. of the 30 soldiers, 20 who ate the meat raw, became ill and 5 of them were admitted to the armed forces general hospital (afgh). even though they presented with a typical history and clinical features the disease was not even suspected at the peripheral hospital. the diagnosis was confirmed, at the afgh, by deltoid muscle biopsy in all the 5 cases. trichinosis bei ...19921455537
isolation, characterization, and transcription of the gene encoding mouse mast cell protease 7.a gene that encodes mouse mast cell protease (mmcp) 7 (also known as mouse mast cell tryptase 2) was isolated by genomic cloning with a cdna that encodes mmcp-6, a tryptase in serosal mast cells. cdnas encoding mmcp-7 were isolated from a bone-marrow-derived mast cell cdna library. the mmcp-7 gene spans 2.3 kilobases and contains five exons rather than six, as found in the mmcp-6 and human mast cell tryptase i genes. comparison of the 5' end of the transcript with the genomic sequence indicated ...19921454796
ifn-gamma- and il-5-producing cells compartmentalize to different lymphoid organs in trichinella spiralis-infected mice.the differential induction of cytokines associated with th1 and th2 subsets has recently been described during trichinella spiralis infection. increased levels of resistance appear to correlate with elevated levels of the th1-associated cytokines, ifn-gamma and il-2. in the present report, a filter immunoplaque assay is used to quantify the actual numbers of cells that secrete ifn-gamma and il-5. it is demonstrated that, in t. spiralis-infected b10.q mice, th1- and th2-associated responses are c ...19911675654
inflammation causes hyperplasia and hypertrophy in smooth muscle of rat small intestine.inflammation of the rat jejunum with trichinella spiralis causes altered smooth muscle contractility by day 6 postinfection (pi). we investigated the association of structural change in the smooth muscle layers with inflammation. by day 6 pi, smooth muscle area in cross sections of jejunum increased (p less than 0.05) in longitudinal (lm) and circular (cm) muscle layers. nuclei counting in cross sections showed that cell number increased two- to threefold in cm and lm, and this increase was not ...19921616034
the mouse antibody response to trichinella spiralis defines a single, immunodominant epitope shared by multiple antigens.immunoblot analysis was used to characterize the trichinella spiralis l1 larval ag recognized by antisera from t. spiralis-infected akr/j mice. antisera were analyzed for reactivity with crude worm extract, excretory/secretory proteins and cuticle proteins from l1 larvae. the response was biphasic; antibodies against one set of ag were detected 13 days after infection (group i ag), and antibodies against a different set of ag were detected 35 days after infection (group ii ag). excretory/secreto ...19901691229
characterization of a noncyst-forming isolate of trichinella from a wild boar in yugoslavia.an isolate of trichinella obtained from a wild boar in yugoslavia did not form cysts in the musculature of its natural host. subsequent inoculation into experimental hosts demonstrated that some larvae became encysted only after extended time periods, whereas others remained unencapsulated. histological staining of larvae in the musculature demonstrated no deposition of collagen typically seen for trichinella spiralis spiralis, trichinella spiralis nativa, or trichinella spiralis nelsoni. the yu ...19911672709
molecular analysis of the gene encoding an antigenic polypeptide of trichinella spiralis infective larvae.the gene encoding an antigenic polypeptide of trichinella spiralis infective larvae was studied using recombinant dna techniques. cdna synthesized from poly(a)-rich mrna from t. spiralis infective larvae was ligated into phage vector lambda gt11 dna and packaged in vitro. the phages were propagated on escherichia coli and a lambda gt11 expression library was constructed. a cdna clone encoding a 46 kda antigenic polypeptide was selected by immunoscreening of the library and identified by the epit ...19901692576
characterization of trichinella spiralis antigens sharing an immunodominant, carbohydrate-associated determinant distinct from phosphorylcholine.the biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of t. spiralis molecules (group ii antigens) sharing an immunodominant epitope were examined. six major proteins, ranging from 43-68 kda, and from pi 5.0-6.3, express the determinant. together, they account for at least 3% by weight of the total protein in l1 larval homogenate. the antigens are glycosylated. following periodate oxidation, they reacted with biotin aminocaproyl hydrazide, and treatment with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid decreased ...19901697936
direct evidence that the cuticle surface of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae shares antigenicity with stichocyte alpha-granules and the esophagus-occupying substance.antibodies against the cuticle surface of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were purified by means of immunoaffinity chromatography and incubated with ultrathin sections of muscle larvae. major constituents of the parasite reactive with the purified antibodies included the cuticle surface, stichocyte alpha-granules, and the esophagus occupying substance of the muscle larvae. thus the present data suggest that the cuticle surface is an antigenically different entity from the cuticle inner layers ...19901690799
trichinella spiralis: antigenic epitopes from the stichocytes detected in the hypertrophic nuclei and cytoplasm of the parasitized muscle fibre (nurse cell) of the host.monoclonal antibodies raised against antigens present in the excretions/secretions (e/s) of larval trichinella spiralis, polyclonal antibodies raised against e/s and antisera from rabbits and pigs infected with t. spiralis were used in conjunction with immunocytochemical techniques to detect antigens in sections of muscle from mice that had been infected with t. spiralis for 15 or 30 days. the antibodies recognized epitopes in the stichocytes, on the surface of the cuticle, in the lumen of the o ...19911710049
antigenic differences between trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis detected by monoclonal antibodies.antigenic differences between trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis were established using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that show different specificities to muscle larvae of the two variants. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) revealed that mab 3g6 reacts positively against t. spiralis, t. nelsoni, t. nativa and t. pseudospiralis, whereas mab 3e10 does not react with t. pseudospiralis under the same experimental conditions. these antigenic differences were confirmed after preabso ...19911704628
neuroimmune regulation of colonic secretion in guinea pigs.the role of submucosal neurons in anaphylactic-like responses in colonic epithelium from immunized guinea pigs was examined 6-8 wk after inoculation with 2 x 10(3) infective trichinella spiralis larvae. serosal addition of t. spiralis antigen (20 micrograms/ml) to muscle-stripped segments of colon set up in flux chambers evoked a maximum increase in short-circuit current within 5 min in immune, but not nonimmune, guinea pigs. quercetin, a membrane-stabilizing drug, and pyrilamine, a histamine h1 ...19911705101
inhibition of anaphylaxis-evoked intestinal fluid secretion by the dual application of an h1 antagonist and cyclooxygenase inhibitor.the regulation of anaphylaxis-mediated fluid secretion by the small intestine was examined in rats immunized by infection with trichinella spiralis and reinfected by intraduodenal injection with l1 larvae. net fluid secretion, which was measured as the volume of fluid present in the intestine 30 minutes after the challenge infection, was significantly greater in both actively and passively immunized rats than in nonimmune rats. the amount of fluid recovered from the immune host was equivalent to ...19911705907
epidemiology of swine trichinellosis in yugoslavia.intensive epidemiological and seroepidemiological studies of trichinella spiralis infection in swine have been carried out in the borough of kladovo, one of the four regions in yugoslavia where trichinellosis is endemic. a high prevalence (4.7%) of trichinellosis was discovered in three neighboring parishes adjoining the bank of the river danube. both geographically and epidemiologically these three parishes constitute a very unique condition that is very vulnerable to t. spiralis infection. stu ...19911822912
antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative responses in inbred mice after trichinella spiralis infection.the in vitro antigen-specific lymphoproliferative response of spleen, mesenteric lymph node (mln), and coeliac lymph node (cln) cells taken from various strains of inbred mice infected with trichinella spiralis was assessed. in most experiments cell populations were stimulated with excretory/secretory antigens (esa) derived from adult and larval worms. lymphoid cells collected 5-7 days postinfection were usually the most responsive to esa as measured by [3h]thymidine uptake. spleen cells were mo ...19901688939
allozyme analysis of trichinella isolates from various host species and geographical regions.allozyme analysis was carried out on 152 trichinella isolates from synanthropic and wild animals and from humans; the isolates were collected from 5 continents. the analysis, involving 27 enzymes, revealed the presence of 8 distinct gene pools, termed t1-t8. four of the genetic groups represent the 4 previously proposed species: trichinella spiralis sensu stricto (t1), trichinella nativa (t2), trichinella nelsoni (t7), and trichinella pseudospiralis (t4). the other 4, t3, t5, t6, and t8 are dist ...19921635022
biological characterization of trichinella isolates from various host species and geographical regions.forty isolates of trichinella collected from 5 continents were compared for 7 biological characters: newborn larvae produced per female worm cultured in vitro at the seventh, eighth, and ninth day postinfection, host muscle nurse cell development time, reproductive capacity index in rats and chickens, and resistance of muscle larvae to freezing. the isolates also were compared by analyses of an environmental character of the location from which they were isolated: the isotherms for january and j ...19921635023
immunity to trichinella spiralis infection in vitamin a-deficient mice.vitamin a-deficient (a-) mice make strikingly poor igg responses when they are immunized with purified protein antigens. previously, we showed that a- t cells overproduce interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), which then could inhibit interleukin 4 (il-4)-stimulated b cell igg responses. to determine if the altered ifn-gamma regulation pattern and its immunological consequences would extend to a natural infection, we studied mice infected with the parasitic helminth trichinella spiralis. the course of th ...19921730911
helminth parasites of the raccoon (procyon lotor) from north-central arkansas.twenty-three species of helminths (4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 14 nematodes, and 3 acanthocephalans) were found in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pancreas, tongue, urinary bladder, and subcutaneous tissues of 30 live-trapped or hunter-shot raccoons from north-central arkansas between november 1989 and april 1990. helminths were not detected in the brain, diaphragm, gallbladder, heart, liver, reproductive system, or trachea. each raccoon examined was infected with 3 or more of the following hel ...19921738063
[mechanisms of t-cell-mediated hypersensitivity in mice infected with the intestinal helminth trichinella spiralis].intestinal hypersensitivity reactions during parasitic helminth infections are t-cell-dependent. little is known about the characteristics of t-cells that initiate and regulate intestinal inflammation or about how they do this. in this paper data are presented that indicate that during trichinella spiralis infections in mice t-cells regulate intestinal inflammation in the same way that they regulate delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in the skin and cellular immune responses against tumors.19901701925
diagnostic tests for trichinella spiralis infection in pigs. a comparative study of elisa for specific antibody and histamine release from blood cells in experimental infections.a study on the histamine release test (hr) for the demonstration of infections with trichinella spiralis in pigs was carried out on 18 pigs, six infected with 200 larvae, six infected with 5000 larvae and six non-infected (control group). the results obtained by hr during a 7 week infection were compared with those of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all inoculated pigs were found to be positive on day 40 post-inoculation (p.i.) by necropsy examination of selected muscle groups, wi ...19911720267
the acute-phase protein response in parasite infection. nippostrongylus brasiliensis and trichinella spiralis in the rat.during acute inflammation, the mammalian liver responds with increased production and secretion of a series of plasma glycoproteins, collectively termed the acute-phase proteins, resulting from the release at the site of inflammation of polypeptide cytokines, including il-1 and il-6, which interact with receptors on hepatocytes and alter gene expression. this attribute of the systemic acute-phase response was studied throughout the course of infection with two nematode parasites in rats. signifi ...19901692304
identification of sylvatic trichinella (t3) in foxes from france.thirty-three foxes (vulpes vulpes) from a sample of 1912 collected in france were found to be infected with trichinella spp. four isolates were obtained for genetic identification. isoenzymatic and biological analysis of these isolates revealed the presence of two distinct genetic types of trichinella, trichinella spiralis s.str. (t1) and trichinella sp. (t3) (trichinella nelsoni according to soviet authors) in the fox population. the reproductive capacity index of these isolates in wistar rats ...19911763479
[the reproductive activity of trichinella spiralis in the early stages of cultivation on artificial nutrient media].reproductive activity of mature trichinella spiralis was studied during its cultivation in three nutrient media. most active hatching of trichinella larvae was observed in erl's saline, less active in eagle's medium and in the lactalbumin hydrolyzate medium. in erl's medium the hatching of larvae accounted for 80% of their total mass for the first four hours of the experiment and the absolute number of larvae was 2.5 to 10 times greater than that in the two other media. the use of erl's medium m ...19911852481
intestinal mucus entrapment of trichinella spiralis larvae induced by specific antibodies.entrapment of muscle larvae (ml) occurred in vitro when antibodies specific for trichinella spiralis were added directly to intestinal mucus from normal non-immunized rats or when mucus was collected from pups suckling a t. spiralis-infected dam. normal rat serum immunoglobulins failed to promote mucus entrapment and complement did not appear to play a part in the entrapment process. differences were not observed in the efficiency of entrapment of ml by mucus harvested from different regions of ...19911769701
immunity in swine inoculated with larvae or extracts of a pig isolate and a sylvatic isolate of trichinella spiralis.inoculation of swine with a sylvatic isolate of trichinella spiralis, designated t s nativa, resulted in low numbers of muscle larvae, compared with muscle larvae accumulation in swine inoculated with a pig type of t s spiralis. despite low infectivity of t s nativa for swine, primary inoculation resulted in high levels of immunity against challenge infection with t s spiralis. this immunity was expressed in accelerated expulsion of challenge adults from the intestine and reduced numbers of musc ...19911854102
stimulated chemotactic response in neutrophils from trichinella pseudospiralis-infected mice and the neutrophilotactic potential of trichinella extracts.during infection with trichinella pseudospiralis a strong neutrophil response is evident in the peripheral circulation of the mouse. this study compared the chemotactic response of neutrophils from uninfected, t. pseudospiralis-infected and trichinella spiralis-infected mice to extracts from adult worms, newborn larvae and muscle-stage larvae of both species of parasite. the chemotactic response of neutrophils from t. pseudospiralis-infected mice to zymosan-activated mouse serum (zams) was signi ...19911757190
testicular changes in rats after trichinella spiralis infection.infection of rats with trichinella spiralis was found to be associated with testicular enlargement. a paucity of leydig cells with marked oedema of interstitial areas were observed. most of the seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. t. spiralis larvae were not detected in the testes. using the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure, t. spiralis antigen was detected as weak brown staining. the antigen was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic ce ...19911875071
the relationship between intestinal location and fecundity in adult trichinella spiralis.adult female worms recovered from the jejunum of rats infected per os with 1000 larvae of trichinella spiralis were significantly more fecund (peak jejunal fecundity = 35.7 +/- 3.1 newborn larvae per female) than females recovered from the terminal ileum (9.3 +/- 4.1 larvae per female) in the same infections. the majority of the adult worms were established in those sections of the small intestines that produced the most fecund females (r = 0.92; p less than 0.05). worm fecundity is believed to ...19911774121
experimental trichinella spiralis infection in sheep.during susceptibility studies of non-specific hosts, three merino sheep were infected with 3000, 5000 or 7000 trichinella spiralis larvae by gavage. clinical, physiological and serological parameters were assessed during the experiment. on the 152nd day p.i., animals were necropsied and, using artificial digestion methods, numbers of trichinella larvae in muscle tissues were determined. the most infected parts were masseters with 3122 larvae g-1 muscle, 5526 larvae g-1 muscle and 4058 larvae g-1 ...19911763480
[the fatty acids of trichinellae].the composition of fatty acids of lipids in the muscles of rats and larvae of trichinella spiralis and t. nativa developing in them were studied. both species are characterized by practically the same composition of fatty acids, only in the frost-resistant species t. nativa there was a sufficient amount (up to 3.5%) of docosapenta- and docosahexaenic acids (22:5 and 22:6). the comparison of the content of individual fatty acids in larvae and in muscles of the host by means of statistical correla ...19911792101
investigations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for trichinella spiralis and toxoplasma gondii in the dutch 'integrated quality control for finishing pigs' research project.in the framework of the dutch field trial 'integrated quality control (iqc) for finishing pigs' elisa (screening) techniques were used to detect animals seropositive for toxoplasma gondii and/or trichinella spiralis. the aim was to determine whether farms which consistently delivered seropositive pigs could be detected and monitored (defined as 'problem farms'). the investigation involved 120 farms and three slaughterhouses, and a total of 23,348 serum samples were examined. in addition, all pig ...19911776233
[the resistance of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis to exposure to low temperatures].it has been shown that the resistance of muscular larvae of trichinella spiralis to the effect of low temperatures depends on the conditions of freezing and composition of media possessing cryoprotective properties. it has been established that under optimal conditions (medium of microenvironment, conditions of freezing) during the storage in liquid nitrogen muscular larvae of t. spiralis preserve 50 to 60% of their resistance by the character of mobility and 11 to 15% by their capacity for repr ...19911813846
general introduction and epidemiology of trichinellosis.all studies on trichinellosis have been based on the assumption that there is only one cosmopolitan agent of human and animal trichinellosis; trichinella spiralis (owen, 1835). in the past, swine and only a few synanthropic animals were considered reservoirs, and the presence of the parasite in sylvatic animals was considered rare. breeding experiments before, and then biochemical approaches (isoenzymes and dna analysis), showed the presence of a high genetic variability inside this genus, sugge ...19911822909
present status of trichinellosis in japan.there have been three mass outbreaks of human trichinellosis in japan. the first was in 1974 in iwasaki, aomori prefecture, involving a group of hunters who ate raw meat of a black bear they had shot. of the 20 people who ate the bear meat raw, 15 showed clinical symptoms of trichinellosis. the second outbreak was experienced in sapporo, hokkaido, in 1980. the patients had eaten the raw meat of a brown bear served in a local restaurant. twelve people were diagnosed positive on the basis of clini ...19911822910
epidemiological survey of trichinellosis in yugoslavia.in a long term epidemiological survey that included different hosts for trichinella spiralis among wild and domestic animals, the parasitological and serological screening revealed a high number of positive animals. the incidence of t. spiralis in grazing pigs was high, 21.76% (170 examined) but most of positive animals were lightly infected (0.016-0.02 l/g). while out of 2,394 pigs raised in small private farms, 1.67% were positive with high infection rates, none of the pigs raised on a modern ...19911822911
the present status of trichinellosis in thailand.the epidemiology of trichinellosis in northern thailand may be unique. since 1962, outbreaks of the disease have occurred almost every year. the department of communicable disease control, ministry of public health reported 118 discrete outbreaks of the disease, involving 5,400 patients, 95 of whom have died. epidemiological investigations reveal that the outbreaks have occurred mostly in rural areas, associated with villagers celebrating local and traditional festivals such as the northern thai ...19911822914
detection of trichinella by various methods in yugoslavia.from studies performed on experimentally infected pigs, it was possible to conclude that enzymatic digestion methods are superior to trichinoscopy for inspection of pork for the presence of trichinella spiralis. the analyses included comparative examination of samples taken from five different parts of diaphragm tissue.19911822917
testing for food-borne parasites, their metabolic products and symbionts.microscopic animals associated with foods include free-living and saprophytic invertebrates, parasites of hosts other than humans, and parasitic animals specifically designated as food-borne that can infect a human host by the gastrointestinal route. the first general method used to screen for food-borne species was digestion with pepsin and hydrochloric acid at 36 degrees c, based on the "artificial stomach juice" technique for recovering larvae of the nematode trichinella spiralis from muscle. ...19911822919
[the composition of the peripheral blood in white mice infected with trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis].the study of the peripheral blood response in mice with an experimental t. spiralis infection from the 1 to the 60 days of the latter showed leucocytosis, lymphomonocytosis and neutropenia maximal at the 21--35 days of the infection along with hyperthrombocytosis and esr elevation, with the subsequent declination up to the end of the supervision. in experimental p. pseudospiralis infection lymphomonocytosis and esr levels were comparatively lower but eosinophilia was significantly higher.19911818247
[evaluation of 2 serological techniques in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis: complement fixation reaction and western blot].evaluation of two serological techniques for diagnosis cysticercosis: complement fixation reaction and western blot. comparative study that includes 49 sera samples and 30 csf samples belonging to 35 patients with clinical diagnosis of cysticercosis of the cns. as a control group we used 10 sera samples of patients with trichinella spiralis infection, 33 sera samples of patients with hydatid cyst disease, 9 sera samples from patients with oxyuriasis, 52 sera samples of healthy blood donors and 2 ...19911822705
the effects of maternal ethanol consumption on the distribution of leukocyte subsets in the lactating mammary gland of rats.significant immunological protection is provided to the newborn by the transfer of maternal leukocytes during nursing. the objective of this study was to determine if ethanol ingestion altered the distribution of t, b and accessory cells in the mammary glands of normal rats or in rats infected with trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis). in addition, female rats were fed either lieber/decarli regular (18% protein) or higher protein (25% protein) ethanol-containing liquid diets for pregnant or lactat ...19911804141
[the effect of toluene and ammonia on the invasive process and immunological indices in experimental trichinelliasis in mice].rap mice were exposed to toluene (t) inhalation for 10 days before invasion with 20 trichinella spiralis larvae per g body weight (moderate infection). this resulted in diminished number of intestinal parasites in the presence of greater number of mast cells in the peritoneal exudate, higher ige production, enhanced cell adhesion to trichinella larvae and of migration of splenic lymphocytes. simultaneous inhalation of t and ammonia diminished the immune stimulating effect of the former. the numb ...19911758365
reconstruction of immune-mediated ion secretion in gut mucosa of the athymic rat.a defect in an immune-mediated, physiological reaction in the small intestine of congenitally immunosuppressed rats has been identified and corrected by recoupling the immunological trigger in the mucosa with epithelial effector cells. antigenic challenge of jejunum from euthymic rats sensitized by infection with trichinella spiralis evoked an anaphylactic response in vitro that was characterized by an elevation in transmural short-circuit current (isc) and caused by net cl- secretion. in contra ...19911852477
a repetitive dna probe specific for a north american sylvatic genotype of trichinella.a partial genomic dna library constructed in puc 13 using dna from a sylvatic isolate of trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis t5) was differentially screened with radiolabeled homologous genomic dna and with dna from t. spiralis t1. one clone was identified and designated pupb-3.7 which, by slot blot and southern blot analyses, reacted specifically with t. spiralis t5 dna and did not cross-react with dna from any other t. spiralis genotype. the 482-bp repetitive sequence which is 70% rich in a and ...19911762626
impaired sympathetic nerve function in the inflamed rat intestine.the effect of intestinal inflammation on norepinephrine release from the myenteric plexus in the trichinella spiralis-infected rat was assessed. longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations were preincubated with [3h]norepinephrine and release was evoked by electrical field stimulation and kcl administration. preincubation of preparations with desipramine or pretreatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine significantly suppressed the uptake and evoked release of [3h]norepinephrine; electrical f ...19911847118
humoral immune responses in human infection with the whipworm trichuris trichiura.the humoral immune response to infection with trichuris trichirua was investigated by elisa and immunoblotting using human sera from the caribbean island of st lucia. immunoblot analysis of the degree of cross-reactivity with the related trichuroid trichinella spiralis and with the other commonly co-existent nematodes, ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara canis, was carried out using selected sera. the igm, iga, ige, and igg subclass antibody levels were measured in elisa using a detergent solubili ...19911956697
a dot-elisa mimicry western blot test for the detection of swine trichinellosis.a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) using antigens purified by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography was developed for detecting trichinella spiralis infection in swine. the test was as sensitive as an elisa using excretory-secretory products as antigen and western blot analysis, and nearly as specific as the western blot. the dot-elisa detected all of 20 low infections (0.08-4.74 larvae per gram of diaphragm), most of them by 5-6 wk postinfection. sera from 1,960 farm-rear ...19911992098
immunotoxicity of 2-methoxyethanol following oral administration in fischer 344 rats.the immunotoxicity of the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (me) was evaluated in adult fischer 344 rats using a variety of in vitro and in vivo immune function assays. in the first phase of this study, male rats were dosed by oral gavage with me in water, at dosages ranging from 50 to 200 mg/kg/day, for 10 consecutive days. decreases in thymus weights were observed at dosages of 50-200 mg/kg/day in the absence of decreased body weights. lymphoproliferative (lp) responses to concanavalin a and phyto ...19911853347
trichinella spiralis infection alters small bowel motor activity in the fed state.the effect of trichinella spiralis infection on small intestinal transit and motor activity in the fed state during the intestinal phase of infection was studied. contractions were recorded by strain gauge transducers, and mean transit time was measured by marker dilution technique. the mean amplitude and area of individual phasic contractions decreased, but no change occurred in their mean duration during trichinosis. the total amplitude and area of phasic contractions also decreased; this was ...19911860631
the role of the antibody fc region in rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in suckling rats.when an igg2c monoclonal antibody specific for trichinella spiralis muscle stage larvae was cleaved with pepsin to yield f(ab')2 fragments, the latter retained their capacity to cause mucus entrapment and rapid expulsion of larvae from the intestines of suckling rats. when fed to pups, the f(ab')2 fragments of this antibody and the f(ab')2 fragments of a similarly prepared igg2a antibody caused mucus entrapment of muscle larvae (ml), demonstrating that trapping is not dependent upon the fc regio ...19911769702
[effects of immunoactivity on ascaris suum infection in mice].the immune response to sheep red blood cell (srbc) was monitored in the mice infected with ascaris suum or trichinella spiralis. the effects of the infection with t. spiralis or the injection with cyclophosphamide(cy) as an immunosuppression agent prior to challenge infection with the embryonated eggs of a. suum were monitored in mice by means of the level of infection with a. suum and cellular and humoral immune response to srbc. following the oral administration of 1,000 eggs of a. suum to mic ...19911786254
host protective immunity to trichinella spiralis in mice: activation of th cell subsets and lymphokine secretion in mice expressing different response phenotypes.host protective immunity to the intestinal dwelling nematode trichinella spiralis is mediated by cd4+ mesenteric lymph node (mln) cells during the course of intestinal infection. the present study has examined the cytokine production by t cells within the mln of two h-2-compatible strains of mice infected with t. spiralis which differ in the speed at which they expel the parasite from the gut. for both strains of mice, in vitro stimulation of mln cells with a protective worm antigen preparation ...19911836201
characterization of the thoracic duct t-helper cells that co-mediate, with antibody, the rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in adult rats.thoracic duct cells that act synergistically with immune serum or antibody to transfer rapid expulsion of a challenge infection with trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were characterized as ox38+, ox8-, ox22- t helper cells. protective capacity was confined to the dividing t helpers that appeared on days 3-5 in the thoracic duct of rats during a t. spiralis infection. to realize their intestinal priming potential in recipient rats. mhc-compatibility between donor and recipient rat was required. ...19911828879
trichinella spiralis: light microscope monoclonal antibody localization and immunochemical characterization of phosphorylcholine and other antigens in the muscle larva.a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to examine the structure of the muscle larva of trichinella spiralis under the light microscope. immunofluorescence and, in some cases, immunoperoxidase staining were used. all four antibodies reacted with the cuticle of the organism, although differences in the staining pattern were observed for some of these. interestingly, all the antibodies also reacted with the stichosome. one of the antibodies (ts2ab) is specific for the hapten, phosphorylcholine. ...19911889472
signs, larval burdens, and serological responses of dogs experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis owen, 1835.the effects of infections of trichinella spiralis on 10 specific-pathogen-free beagles were examined. eight puppies received either 100, 500, 1,000, or 5,000 larvae, and 2 adult dogs received 1,000 larvae. blood was drawn every 4 days, beginning 5 days before infection, for the determination of relative eosinophil numbers. creatine kinase levels were monitored before infection, two weeks after infection, and one month after infection. the dogs were euthanized 1 month postinfection, and larvae we ...19911839680
trichinella spiralis: a 76-kda excretory/secretory larval antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody.spleen cells from balb/c mice were fused with myeloma cells following infection of the mice with trichinella spiralis larvae and an ip booster injection with larval homogenate antigen. a monoclonal antibody (mab), designated as ts 3g6 which did not react with sera or tissue extracts from noninfected mice, rats, and guinea pigs, was selected for further studies because of its high activity and specificity. when tested in elisa ts 3g6 did not cross-react with ascaris suum, a. lumbricoides, toxocar ...19911889470
[parasite fauna of red foxes in berlin (west)].the infestation with ecto- and endoparasites of red foxes in berlin (west) was investigated. as shown by post mortems of 100 animals (47 males and 53 females), none of them was found to be free of parasites. with regard to ectoparasites, 3 species of ixodes ticks, 7 flea species, one species of biting lice and mite species were demonstrated. the sarcoptic mange is often inducing the death of the foxes and is considered to be a limiting factor of the population increment. concerning endoparasites ...19911872791
an immunocytochemical analysis of a class-specific antibody response against trichinella spiralis in humans.the response of different classes of antibodies against antigens of the muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis was tested using an immunocytochemical approach. ultrathin sections of resin-embedded larvae were treated with sera from patients with trichinosis, then exposed to a biotinated second antibody and stained with avidin-gold complex. antibody of the m-class was a major component in the response against a slow-responding group of antigens that included stichocyte granules, the cuticle surfac ...19911895030
trichinella spiralis infection--united states, 1990.since 1947, when the public health service began to record statistics on trichinosis, the number of cases reported by state health departments each year has declined: in the late 1940s, health departments reported an average of 400 cases and 10-15 deaths each year; from 1982 through 1986, the number declined to an average of 57 per year (figure 1) and a total of three deaths (1,2). although this trend reflects a decline in the number of cases related to commercially purchased pork, recent outbre ...19911898978
immunization against schistosoma mansoni by using trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis antigens.the antigenic fraction of a cell free homogenate of each of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis were prepared to be used for induction of immunity against s. mansoni in albino mice. the results of the study showed that immunization with either of the two antigens induced reduction in worm load ranging from 80.48% to 87.86% in the different groups of the study. reduction in tissue egg count was also reported: liver egg count was reduced from 69.47% to 100%. intestinal egg count reduction r ...19911908495
immunohistochemical comparison of t-cell and macrophage populations in mammary tissue of control and trichinella spiralis-infected rats.we have shown that antigen-specific t lymphocytes can mediate maternal-to-neonatal immunity during lactation. present studies address the dynamics of lymphocyte accumulation in the mammary gland during normal and disease stimulated conditions. monoclonal antibodies specific for total t cells, suppressor/cytotoxic and helper subsets, and macrophages were used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry to identify and count the individual cell types. in unstimulated mammary tissue, following a rise ...19911867400
study of immune defence against trichinella spiralis in bcg treated mice.in vivo and in vitro studies were performed to determine the effect of bcg- activated macrophages on 2-hour-old newborn larvae (nbl2) of trichinella spiralis. in vitro studies were done by the technique of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) using peritoneal cells of balb/c mice which had been treated with bcg 4-6 days before. no significant differences were found between the percentage of mortality caused by cells from treated animals and that corresponding to the untreated ones (co ...19911799166
interferon-gamma treatment in mice experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis.interferon-tau (ifn-tau) treatment of trichinella spiralis-infected balb/c mice was investigated. the therapeutic regimen consisted of daily intraperitoneal injection of 10(4) u murine ifn-tau for 7 days, starting at 2 weeks post-infection. striated muscle samples (diaphragm, thigh) were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after infection. the muscle larval burden, the degree of encystation and the digestion of t. spiralis larvae were investigated. furthermore, immunohistochemical studies of the infl ...19911909790
[cardiac trichinosis--echocardiographic study].trichinosis is an intestinal and tissue infection of man caused by trichinella spiralis. the most frequent and serious complication is myocarditis. m-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were carried out on 16 patients with clinical manifestation of trichinosis. the parameters of the left ventricular function, measured by echocardiography were examined, and the results were compared with the same parameters in 50 normal individuals. in 11 patients a variety of morphologic findings, ...19911916420
preliminary characterization and interaction of tubulin from trichinella spiralis larvae with benzimidazole derivatives.tubulin was estimated to account for 0.3% of the total soluble protein in trichinella spiralis cytosolic fractions. tubulin from t. spiralis was partially purified by precipitation with either taxol or vinblastine sulphate. immunoblotting with alpha- and beta-tubulin monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of tubulin in t. spiralis partially purified preparations. electrophoretic mobility of t. spiralis tubulin in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels was very similar to that shown by ...19911897122
h-2 (i-a) control of the antibody repertoire to secreted antigens of trichinella spiralis in infection and its relevance to resistance and susceptibility.humans infected with the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis vary in the specificity of their antibody responses to the antigens of the parasite. the possibility that such host variation in antigen recognition has a genetic basis was examined in infected inbred mice whose antigen recognition profiles were characterized by immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labelled secreted materials of adult parasites and sds-page. the strains varied considerably in repertoire and none produced detecta ...19911904401
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