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nematicidal activity of monoterpenoids against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.abstract nematicidal activity of 22 monoterpenoids were evaluated in vitro and in pot experiments. twenty of the twenty-two monoterpenoids significantly reduced hatching, and 11 reduced j2 mobility of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita at a concentration of 250 mg/liter. in general, compounds with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups exhibited higher nematicidal activity than other terpenoids. borneol, carveol, citral, geraniol, and alpha-terpineol showed the highest nematicidal activity among ...201020055654
heterologous expression of taro cystatin protects transgenic tomato against meloidogyne incognita infection by means of interfering sex determination and suppressing gall formation.plant-parasitic nematodes are a major pest of many plant species and cause global economic loss. a phytocystatin gene, colocasia esculenta cysteine proteinase inhibitor (cecpi), isolated from a local taro kaosiang no. 1, and driven by a camv35s promoter was delivered into cln2468d, a heat-tolerant cultivar of tomato (solanum lycopersicum). when infected with meloidogyne incognita, one of root-knot nematode (rkn) species, transgenic t1 lines overexpressing cecpi suppressed gall formation as evide ...201020054551
jasmonic acid and tomato resistance to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. 201619994787
[steroid furostanol glycosides: a new class of natural adaptogenes (review)].the present review summarizes experimental data revealed while studying the mechanism of the adaptogenic effect of furostanol glycosides (fg) extracted from dioscorea deltoidea wall cell culture under the conditions of biotic stress in tomato plants lycopersicon esculenium mill. induced by the gall nematode meloidogyne incognita kofoid et white. comparison of changes in isoprene content (phytosterines, tomatin, and carotenoids) and in the rate of oxidative processes in the leaves and roots of in ...200919845281
fmrfamide-like peptides in root knot nematodes and their potential role in nematode physiology.fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) are a diverse group of neuropeptides that are expressed abundantly in nematodes. they exert potent physiological effects on locomotory, feeding and reproductive musculature and also act as neuromodulators. however, little is known about the specific expression patterns and functions of individual peptides. the current study employed rapid amplification of cdna ends-polymerase chain reaction (race-pcr) to characterize flp genes from infective juveniles of the root k ...201019843350
modular architecture and evolution of the map-1 gene family in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.in eukaryotes, repeat proteins (i.e. proteins that contain a tandem arrangement of repeated structural elements) are often considered as an extra source of variability, and gains and losses of repeats may be an important force driving the evolution and diversification of such proteins, that could allow fast adaptation to new environments. here, we report genomic sequences of the map-1 protein family from of the asexual, plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. the encoded proteins exhibit ...200919787376
brassicaceous seed meals as soil amendments to suppress the plant-parasitic nematodes pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne incognita.brassicaceous seed meals are the residual materials remaining after the extraction of oil from seeds; these seed meals contain glucosinolates that potentially degrade to nematotoxic compounds upon incorporation into soil. this study compared the nematode-suppressive ability of four seed meals obtained from brassica juncea 'pacific gold', b. napus 'dwarf essex' and 'sunrise', and sinapis alba 'idagold', against mixed stages of pratylenchus penetrans and meloidogyne incognita second-stage juvenile ...200922736818
virulence development and genetic polymorphism in meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood after prolonged exposure to sublethal concentrations of nematicides and continuous growing of resistant tomato cultivars.the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood, is an important plant pathogen damaging to tomato. continuous use of resistant tomato cultivars and nematicides for its effective management might lead to resistance break-up or nematicide failure. genetic variability and virulence in m. incognita on susceptible pusa ruby tomato were analysed by bioassay, esterase and dna polymorphism after a 5 year weekly exposure to carbofuran, carbosulfan, cadusafos and triazophos at 0.0 ...200919562824
the multi-year effects of repeatedly growing cotton with moderate resistance to meloidogyne incognita.meloidogyne incognita causes more damage to cotton in the us than any other pathogen. the objective of this study was to document the cumulative effect of moderate resistance on m. incognita population density, root galling, and yield suppression in the southern united states on a moderately resistant cotton genotype grown continuously for three years. cotton genotypes were phytogen ph98-3196 (77% suppression of m. incognita), acala nemx (85% suppression of m. incognita), and delta and pine land ...200922661787
distribution and identification of root-knot nematodes from turkey.root knot nematodes are causing serious losses in protected cultivation fields in the west mediterranean region of turkey. correct and confident identification of the plant parasitic nematodes is important for vegetable growing and breeding. therefore, ninety-five populations of plant parasitic nematodes were collected from regional greenhouses. previously described species-specific primers were used to identify meloidogyne populations. the present study indicated that sec-1f/sec-1r and inck14f- ...200922661785
alternate row placement is ineffective for cultural control of meloidogyne incognita in cotton.the objective of this study was to determine if planting cotton into the space between the previous year's rows reduces crop loss due to meloidogyne incognita compared to planting in the same row every year. row placement had a significant (p </= 0.05) effect on nematode population levels only on 8 july 2005. plots receiving 1,3-dichloropropene plus aldicarb had lower nematode population levels than non-fumigated plots on 24 may and 8 july in 2005, but not in 2004. the effect of nematicide treat ...200819440259
effect of a terminated cover crop and aldicarb on cotton yield and meloidogyne incognita population density.terminated small grain cover crops are valuable in light textured soils to reduce wind and rain erosion and for protection of young cotton seedlings. a three-year study was conducted to determine the impact of terminated small grain winter cover crops, which are hosts for meloidogyne incognita, on cotton yield, root galling and nematode midseason population density. the small plot test consisted of the cover treatment as the main plots (winter fallow, oats, rye and wheat) and rate of aldicarb ap ...200819259531
nutsedge counts predict meloidogyne incognita juvenile counts in an integrated management system.the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), yellow nutsedge (cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus) are important pests in crops grown in the southern us. management of the individual pests rather than the pest complex is often unsuccessful due to mutually beneficial pest interactions. in an integrated pest management scheme using alfalfa to suppress nutsedges and m. incognita, we evaluated quadratic polynomial regression models for prediction of the number of m. ...200819259526
exposure time to lethal temperatures for meloidogyne incognita suppression and its implication for soil solarization.meloidogyne incognita eggs or j2 were incubated in test tubes containing sand:peat mix and immersed in a water bath heated to 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45 degrees c for a series of time intervals. controls were maintained at 22 degrees c. nematodes surviving or hatching were collected from baermann trays after three weeks of incubation. regression analyses between percent survival or egg hatch and hours of heat treatment were performed for each temperature. complete suppression of egg hatch ...200819259512
cloning, sequence, and expression analysis of a new mnsod-encoding gene from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.a gene encoding a manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) enzyme (mi-mnsod) was identified and characterized in second-stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the mi-mnsod gene was found to possess five exons and four introns with (gt/ag) consensus splice-site junctions. the deduced amino acid sequence of mi-mnsod encodes a putative 25 kda protein, with conserved amino acid residues of the mnsod family, including the parker-blake signature and four metal-binding sites. th ...200922661777
biocontrol of root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita damaging queen palm, livistona rotundifolia using trichoderma species.livistona rotundifolia is a widely grown queen palm in all the net houses of floriculture industries in sri lanka. it is grown to an extent of 10,000 mz in green farms ltd, marawilla under shade net house. root knot nematode is one among the key pests of queen palms and causes heavy loss in the queen palm industry. queen palm is grown in a coir based compost media under sprinkler irrigation. management of nematodes using chemicals is impractical due the non availability and selectivity of the ne ...200819226812
analysis of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) root proteomes during a compatible interaction with the black root rot fungus thielaviopsis basicola.a proteomic approach was used to uncover the inducible molecular defense mechanism of cotton root occurring during the compatible interaction with thielaviopsis basicola. microscopic observation of cotton root inoculated with a suspension of conidia showed that this necrotrophic hemibiotroph fungus interacts with the plant and completes its life cycle in our experimental system. 2-de analysis of root extracts taken after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation and cluster analysis of the protein exp ...200919105169
larvicidal and nematicidal activities of the leaf essential oil of croton regelianus.the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of croton regelianus collected from wild plants growing in two different sites at ceará state (brazil) was analyzed by gc/ms and gc-fid. twenty monoterpenoids, representing more than 96% of the chemical composition of the oils, were identified and quantified. the oils showed similar chemical composition but considerable variation in the levels of each constituent. ascaridole (33.9-17.0%), p-cymene (22.3-21.6%), and camphor (13.0-3.1%) were the p ...200819089831
meloidogyne incognita: molecular cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding a cathepsin d-like aspartic proteinase.herein we describe the cloning and characterization of a cdna encoding an aspartic proteinase from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. using pcr techniques, a 1471-bp cdna fragment encoding a cathepsin d-like (mi-asp1) transcript was isolated from second-stage larvae mrna. its predicted amino acid sequence comprises a pro-region of 71 amino acid residues and a mature protease of 378 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 41.502kda. protein sequence comparisons of mi-asp ...200918952081
effect of temperature on and histopathology of the interaction between meloidogyne incognita and thielaviopsis basicola on cotton.abstract controlled environments were used to study the relationship between the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and thielaviopsis basicola on cotton. temperature treatments were continuous 20, 24, and 28 degrees c or two cyclic linear regimes with ranges of 14 to 32 or 18 to 28 degrees c over 24 h. cotton seeds were planted in fumigated soil infested with t. basicola, m. incognita, or both. after 42 days, pathogen effects on plant growth and pathogen development were evaluated. histo ...199918944671
species-dependent effects of border cell and root tip exudates on nematode behavior.abstract effects of border cell and root tip exudates on root knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) behavior were examined. in whole-plant assays using pea, m. incognita second-stage juveniles (j2) accumulated rapidly around the 1- to 2-mm apical region ensheathed by border cells, but not in the region of elongation. within 15 to 30 min, j2 which had accumulated within detached clumps of border cells lost motility and entered into a quiescent state. when border cells (and associated root tip exu ...200018944426
does the presence of detached root border cells of zea mays alter the activity of the pathogenic nematode meloidogyne incognita?abstract the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita is a major pathogen of a range of important crops. currently, control is typically achieved by the use of nematicides. however, recent work suggests that manipulating the ability of roots to slough off border cells, which then act as a decoy to the nematode, can significantly decrease damage to the roots. we investigated the attractiveness of border cells to m. incognita and the response of the nematode to border cells in close proximity. we ...200318944094
a molecular marker correlated with selected virulence against the tomato resistance gene mi in meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, and m. arenaria.abstract root-knot nematodes of the genus meloidogyne are economically important pathogens of a wide range of crops. the tomato resistance gene mi typically confers resistance to the three major species, m. incognita, m. javanica, and m. arenaria. however, virulent populations completely overcoming the mi resistance still occur. in an attempt to develop molecular markers for virulence against mi and gain insights into the genetic relationships among virulent populations of different species and ...200118943850
activity of hydroxamic acids from secale cereale against the plant-parasitic nematodes meloidogyne incognita and xiphinema americanum.abstract cyclic hydroxamic acids are secondary metabolites found in the family poaceae and have been implicated in the allelopathy of rye (secale cereale). the toxicity of these compounds against plant-parasitic nematodes is unknown. diboa (2,4-dihydroxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one), dimboa (2,4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-(2h)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one), and their degradation products boa (benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one) and mboa (6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one) were screened in vitro against meloidogyne inco ...200518943462
host plant response of burrowing nematode resistant musa genotypes to the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita. 200818831278
pentacyclic triterpenoids from the aerial parts of lantana camara and their nematicidal activity.two new olean-12-ene triterpenoids, camarolic acid (1) and lantrigloylic acid (2), have been isolated from the aerial parts of lantana camara, along with ten known triterpenes, namely, camaric acid, lantanolic acid, lantanilic acid, pomolic acid, camarinic acid, lantoic acid, camarin, lantacin, camarinin, and ursolic acid. the new compounds have been characterized as 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-22beta-{[(s)-3-hydroxy-2-methylidenebutanoyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1) and 3,25-epoxy-3alpha-hydro ...200818816515
plant-nematode interactions: environmental signals detected by the nematode's chemosensory organs control changes in the surface cuticle and behaviour.plant parasitic nematodes have developed the capacity to sense and respond to chemical signals of host origin and the ability to orientate towards plant roots enhances the nematode's chance of survival. root exudates contain a range of compounds which mediate belowground interactions with pathogenic and beneficial soil organisms. chemical components of root exudates may deter one organism while attracting another and these compounds alter nematode behaviour and can either attract nematodes to th ...200818814700
plant-herbivore-carnivore interactions in cotton, gossypium hirsutum: linking belowground and aboveground.most studies on plant-herbivore interactions focus on either root or shoot herbivory in isolation, but above- and belowground herbivores may interact on a shared host plant. cotton (gossypium spp.) produces gossypol and a variety of other gossypol-like terpenoids that exhibit toxicity to a wide range of herbivores and pathogens. cotton plants also can emit herbivore-induced volatile compounds at the site of damage and systemically on all tissues above the site of damage. as these volatile compou ...200818709506
evaluation of the effect of ecologic on root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, and tomato plant, lycopersicon esculenum.nonchemical methods and strategies for nematode management including cultural methods and engineered measures have been recommended as an alternative to methyl bromide (a major soil fumigant), due to its role in the depletion of the ozone layer. hence, an international agreement has recently been reached calling for its reduced consumption and complete phasing out. this present research evaluates the potential of ecologic, a biological, marine shell meal chitin material, as a soil amendment mana ...200818678924
genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita.plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. we report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments. this suggests that ancient allelic regions in m. incognita are evolving toward ...200818660804
response of five lettuce cultivars to root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita.the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognito (kofoid et white) chitwood is an important pathogen of vegetables. five commercial cultivars of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for resistance to meloidogyne incognita, benguet population. plants were inoculated with 1000 eggs collected from 'apollo' tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) roots. the degree of galling and number of egg masses were assessed 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation. host plant response was classi ...200718399501
dose-response effects of clove oil from syzygium aromaticum on the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.clove oil, derived from the plant syzygium aromaticum (l.) merr. & perry, is active against various organisms, and was prepared in a soy lecithin/detergent formulation to determine concentrations active against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood.200818080287
maize 9-lipoxygenase zmlox3 controls development, root-specific expression of defense genes, and resistance to root-knot nematodes.root-knot nematodes (rkn) are severe pests of maize. although lipoxygenase (lox) pathways and their oxylipin products have been implicated in plant-nematode interactions, prior to this report there was no conclusive genetic evidence for the function of any plant lox gene in such interactions. we showed that expression of a maize 9-lox gene, zmlox3, increased steadily and peaked at 7 days after inoculation with meloidogyne incognita rkn. mu-insertional lox3-4 mutants displayed increased attractiv ...200818052887
the involvement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and salicylic acid in the induction of resistance of tomato plants infested with gall nematode meloidogyne incognita. 201618047025
management of disease complex caused by root knot nematode and root wilt fungus on pigeonpea through soil organically enriched with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza, karanj (pongamia pinnata) oilseed cake and farmyard manure.this investigation was undertaken to compare the percentage response of colonization and development of va-mycorrhiza (glomus fasciculatum) on a number of pulse crops viz. cowpea, chickpea, soybean, pigeonpea and lentil under glasshouse conditions. among the above-mentioned crops, pigeonpea exhibited the best performance and was selected for further studies. in this host the development and colonization percentage of g. fasciculatum was investigated under two separate substrates i. e. soil amend ...200717978958
a transgressive segregation factor (rkn2) in gossypium barbadense for nematode resistance clusters with gene rkn1 in g. hirsutum.host plant resistance is an important strategy for managing root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) in cotton (gossypium l.). here we report evidence for enhanced resistance in interspecific crosses resulting from transgressive segregation of clustered gene loci. recently, a major gene, rkn1, on chromosome 11 for resistance to m. incognita in cv. acala nemx was identified using an intraspecific g. hirsutum cross with susceptible cv. acala sj-2. using interspecific crosses of acala nemxxsuscep ...200817940800
low amounts of herbivory by root-knot nematodes affect microbial community dynamics and carbon allocation in the rhizosphere.increased carbon translocation to the rhizosphere via 'leakage' induced by low amounts of plant parasitic nematodes can foster microorganisms. the effects of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on microbial biomass (c(mic)) and community structure (phospholipid fatty acids) in the rhizosphere of barley were studied. inoculation densities of 2000, 4000, and 8000 nematodes were well below the threshold level for plant damage. a (13)co(2) pulse-labelling was performed to assess the distrib ...200717916076
transcriptome analysis of root-knot nematode functions induced in the early stages of parasitism.root-knot nematodes of the genus meloidogyne are obligate biotrophic parasites able to infest > 2000 plant species. the nematode effectors responsible for disease development are involved in the adaptation of the parasite to its host environment and host response modulation. here, the differences between the transcriptomes of preparasitic exophytic second-stage juveniles (j2) and parasitic endophytic third-stage juveniles (j3) of meloidogyne incognita were investigated. genes up-regulated at the ...200717692078
cloning of the gene lecanicillium psalliotae chitinase lpchi1 and identification of its potential role in the biocontrol of root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.the nematophagous fungus lecanicillium psalliotae (syn. verticillium psalliotae) is a well-known biocontrol agent. in this study, a chitinase gene lpchi1 was isolated for the first time from l. psalliotae using degenerate primers and dna-walking technique. the cloned gene lpchi1 encoding 423 amino acid residues shares a high degree of homology with other pathogenicity-related chitinases from entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. the complementary dna sequence of the mature chitinase was ampl ...200717665191
nematicidal and larvicidal activities of the essential oils from aerial parts of pectis oligocephala and pectis apodocephala baker.the chemical composition of the essential oils from aerial parts of pectis apodocephala and pectis oligocephala were analyzed by gc-ms. the essential oils of these species were predominantly constituted by monoterpenes. geranial (42.9-44.5%), neral (32.2-34.2%) and alpha-pinene (10.7-11.4%) were the main constituents in the oil of p. apodocephala, while p-cymene (50.3-70.9%) and thymol (24.4-44.7%), were the prevalent compounds in the oil of p. oligocephala. the essential oils were tested agains ...200717625675
soil amendment with dried weed leaves as non-chemical approach for the management of meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato.in pot trial, dried ground weed leaves of cynodon dactylon, datura stramonium, eichhomia crassipes, emex spinosus, ricinus communis and sisymbrium irio were mixed with soil at the rate of 1, 3, 5 and 10 g/kg soil and compared their nematicidal potential with carbofuran as a standard against the root-knot nematode, m. incognita infecting tomato. in addition, their effects on growth rate of tomato plants were also investigated. the results showed that m. incognita populations in the soil and root ...200617612348
effect of broccoli (brassica oleracea) tissue, incorporated at different depths in a soil column, on meloidogyne incognita.brassicas have been used frequently for biofumigation, a pest-management strategy based on the release of biocidal volatiles during decomposition of soil-incorporated tissue. however, the role of such volatiles in control of plant-parasitic nematodes is unclear. the goal of this study was to determine the direct localized and indirect volatile effects of amending soil with broccoli tissue on root-knot nematode populations. meloidogyne incognita-infested soil in 50-cm-long tubes was amended with ...200719259479
variability in reproduction of four populations of meloidogyne incognita on six cultivars of cotton.a range of virulence levels was found in four populations of meloidogyne incognita collected from cotton fields of the punjab region of pakistan. the most virulent population was associated with development of larger gall size, larger giant cell formation and improved success of juveniles transitioning into reproducing adults. the most virulent nematode population, mi-78, emanated from cotton cultivar niab-78. this cotton cultivar also possessed the greatest level of resistance to the three othe ...200719259478
synthesis, characterization, and biotoxicity of n n donor sulphonamide imine silicon(iv) complexes.the organosilicon derivatives of 2-[1-(2-furayl)ethyledene]sulphathiazole with organosilicon chlorides have been synthesised and characterized on the basis of analytical, conductance, and spectroscopic techniques. probable trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral structures for the resulting derivatives have been proposed on the basis of electronic, ir, (1)h, (13)c nmr, and (29)si nmr spectral studies. in the search for better fungicides, bactericides, nematicides, and insecticides studies were condu ...200617496998
molecular cloning and analysis of a new venom allergen-like protein gene from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.a new venom allergen-like protein gene isolated from meloidogyne incognita (designated mi-vap-2) was cloned and analysed. the genomic clone of mi-vap-2 is 1917-bp long, contains three introns, which range in size from 39 to 797 bp, and four exons ranging in size from 37 to 361 bp. the cdna of mi-vap-2 contains an open reading frame encoding 294 amino acids, being the first 16 residues a putative secretion signal. southern blot analysis suggested that mi-vp-2 is probably a member of a small multi ...200717481609
ecotypes of the model legume lotus japonicus vary in their interaction phenotypes with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.knowledge of host factors affecting plant-nematode interactions is scarce. here, relevant interaction phenotypes between a nodulating model host, lotus japonicus, and the endoparasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita are assessed via a genetic screen.200717475628
coprinus comatus damages nematode cuticles mechanically with spiny balls and produces potent toxins to immobilize nematodes.we reported recently a unique fungal structure, called the spiny ball, on the vegetative hyphae of coprinus comatus (o. f. müll.:fr.) pers. although some observations regarding the role of this structure were presented, its function remained largely unknown. in this study, we showed that purified (isolated and washed) spiny balls could immobilize and kill the free-living nematode panagrellus redivivus goodey highly efficiently. scanning electron microscopy studies illustrated that the spiny stru ...200717449690
effect of different initial population densities of meloidogyne incognita on the growth of cicer arietinum.studies were undertaken to determine the effect of different initial population densities (pi = 50, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2500, 5000, 10,000 and 15,000 j2/pot) of meloidogyn incognita on chikpea cv. bandal local in a pot experiment. plant growth, flowering and pod bearing were influenced by all the initial population densities. increase in pi not only resulted in proportional decrease in plant lenght, fresh weight, dry weight and pod bearing but also delayed the flowering. the highest reduction w ...200617390808
evaluation of a nematode bio-product dbx-20% against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita affecting grapevine under field conditions.a field trial was conducted in el-shourouk farm, el-beheira governorate, western nile valley, egypt to determine the effectiveness of the commercial bio-product dbx 1003 20% containing the nematode-trapping fungus dactylaria brochopaga against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita infesting grapevine variety superior. its effects on plant growth criteria and yield production were also investigated. the fungus was introduced to soil by either of two ways. first: soil was drenched with spore su ...200617390807
potential for site-specific management of meloidogyne incognita in cotton using soil textural zones.the effect of various edaphic factors on meloidogyne incognita population densities and cotton yield were evaluated from 2001 to 2003 in a commercial cotton field in southeastern arkansas. the 6.07-ha field was subdivided into 512 plots (30.5 m x 3.9 m), and each plot was sampled for m. incognita prior to fumigation (ppre), at planting (pi), at peak bloom (pm) and at harvest (pf) each year. soil texture (percent sand fraction) and the pre-plant soil fertility levels each year were determined fro ...200719259468
use of pepper crop residues for the control of root-knot nematodes.the biofumigant effect of pepper crop residues (pcr) for controlling meloidogyne incognita populations was evaluated. under laboratory conditions, 0, 5, 10 and 20 g pcr were applied to 500 g nematode infested soil, with four replicates per treatment. after 20 days at 25 degrees c, pcr reduced significantly m. incognita populations and root galling indices in susceptible tomato cv. marmande, and increased k, n and organic c in soil. in the field, biofumigation with pcr combined with fresh animal ...200717098424
atcat6, a sink-tissue-localized transporter for essential amino acids in arabidopsis.amino acids represent the major form of reduced nitrogen that is transported in plants. amino acid transporters in plants often show tissue-specific expression patterns and are used by plants to transport these metabolites from source to sink during development and under changing environmental conditions. we identified one amino acid transporter, atcat6, which is expressed in sink tissues such as lateral root primordia, flowers and seeds. additionally atcat6 was induced during infestation of roo ...200617052324
meloidogyne incognita: molecular and biochemical characterisation of a cathepsin l cysteine proteinase and the effect on parasitism following rnai.rna interference has been used to investigate the function of a cathepsin l cysteine proteinase mi-cpl-1, in the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. a reduction in gene transcript was observed and the number of nematodes infecting plants was reduced by almost 60% as was the number of established females producing eggs at 21 days post-infection. the cysteine proteinase activity of m. incognita, reported by the substrate glupna, was inhibited by the cysteine proteinase inhibitor oc-ide ...200716996059
characterization of a new beta-1,4-endoglucanase gene from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita and evolutionary scheme for phytonematode family 5 glycosyl hydrolases.cellulases from plant parasitic nematodes are encoded by multiple gene families and are thought to originate from horizontal gene transfer. unraveling the evolution of these genes in the phylum will help understanding the evolution of plant parasitism in nematodes. here we describe a new gene, named mi-eng-2, that encodes a family 5 glycosyl hydrolase (ghf5) with a predicted signal peptide and devoid of linker domain and cellulose-binding domain. the beta-1,4-endoglucanase activity of the protei ...200616962258
qtl mapping for resistance to root-knot nematodes in the m-120 rnr upland cotton line (gossypium hirsutum l.) of the auburn 623 rnr source.root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) can cause severe yield loss in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). the objectives of this study were to determine the inheritance and genomic location of genes conferring root-knot nematode resistance in m-120 rnr, a highly resistant g. hirsutum line with the auburn 623 rnr source of resistance. utilizing two interspecific f(2) populations developed from the same m-120 rnr by gossypium barbadense (cv. pima s-6) cross, genome-wide scanning ...200616960714
velvetbean (mucuna pruriens) extracts: impact on meloidogyne incognita survival and on lycopersicon esculentum and lactuca sativa germination and growth.velvetbean (mucuna spp.) is a summer annual that has been used as a cover crop to reduce erosion, fix nitrogen and suppress weeds and plant-parasitic nematodes. crude aqueous extracts (1:15 dry weight plant/volume water) were made from velvetbean plant parts, and various concentrations of the extracts were evaluated in vitro for toxicities to different stages of meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood and for suppression of hypocotyl and root growth and inhibition of germination of tom ...200616953489
the comparative cellular architecture of the female gonoduct among tylenchoidea (nematoda: tylenchina).the cellular architecture of the female gonoduct of 68 nematode populations representing 42 species belonging to tylenchidae, belonolaimidae, hoplolaimidae and meloinema is shown to have an overall similarity in cellular gonoduct structure. the oviduct consists of two rows of four cells; the spermatheca is comprised of 10 to 20 cells, and the uterus cells, except in the case of psilenchus, are arranged in four (tylenchidae) or three (belonolaimidae, hoplolaimidae and meloinema) regular rows. alt ...200619259542
amelioration of root-knot disease of lady's finger plants by potentized cina and santonin.lady's finger plants (hibiscus esculentus), grown in pots, were inoculated with the second-stage larvae (76+/-6) of root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita, starting 7 days later they were treated with cina 30c, santonin 30c or ethanol 30c by foliar spray for 10 consecutive days. the drugs in 90% ethanol were diluted with distilled water 1:1000 before application on plants. thirty days after the last treatment the plants were uprooted. cina 30c and santonin 30c reduced nematode infestation of ...200616815517
phenotypic expression of rkn1-mediated meloidogyne incognita resistance in gossypium hirsutum populations.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita is a damaging pest of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) worldwide. a major gene (rkn1) conferring resistance to m. incognita was previously identified on linkage group a03 in g. hirsutum cv. acala nemx. to determine the patterns of segregation and phenotypic expression of rkn1, f(1), f(2), f(2:3), bc(1)f(1) and f(2:7) recombinant inbred lines (ril) from intraspecific crosses between acala nemx and a closely related susceptible cultivar acala sj-2 were inocu ...200619259455
efficacy of a novel nematicidal seed treatment against meloidogyne incognita on cotton.the efficacy of abamectin as a seed treatment for control of meloidogyne incognita on cotton was evaluated in greenhouse, microplot, and field trials in 2002 and 2003. treatments ranging from 0 to 100 g abamectin/100 kg seed were evaluated. in greenhouse tests 35 d after planting (dap), plants from seed treated with abamectin were taller than plants from nontreated seed, and root galling severity and nematode reproduction were lower where treated seed were used. the number of second stage juveni ...200619259454
a method for generating meloidogyne incognita males.a method for producing mass quantities of meloidogyne incognita males free from other developmental stages was developed. host plants were grown hydroponically to facilitate nematode harvest. pruning stress was shown to cause a higher percentage of juveniles to develop as males vs. a no-stress control. application of pruning stress in the first 48 hr post-inoculation was also shown to be more effective at driving male development than at later times.200619259447
a symbiont-independent endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita.substituted xylan polymers constitute a major part of the hemicellulose fraction of plant cell walls, especially in monocotyledons. endo-1,4-beta-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8) are capable of hydrolyzing substituted xylan polymers into fragments of random size. many herbivorous animals have evolved intimate relationships with endosymbionts to exploit their enzyme complexes for the degradation of xylan. here, we report the first finding of a functional endo-1,4-beta-xylanase gene from an animal. the gene ...200616673939
effects of cina on root-knot disease of mulberry.root-knot disease of mulberry is caused by the nematode meloidogyne incognita. it has important economic implications for sericulture. the homeopathic medicines, cina mother tincture (mt) and potentised cina 200c, prepared from the flowering meristems of artemisia nilagirica (clarke) pamp, were applied by foliar spray on mulberry (morus alba l.) infected with m. incognita juveniles (j2). pretreatment (ending 6 days before inoculation) and post-treatment (starting 6 days after inoculation) schedu ...200616569626
dynamics of meloidogyne incognita virulence to resistance genes rk and rk in cowpea.the virulence index of three meloidogyne incognita field isolates to the resistance gene rk in cowpea was 0%, 75%, and 120%, with the index measured as reproduction on resistant plants as a percentage of the reproduction on susceptible plants. continuous culture of the 75% virulent isolate on susceptible tomato for more than 5 years (about 25 generations) resulted in virulence decline to about 4%. the rate of the decline in virulence was described by exponential decay, indicating the progressive ...200619259435
reproduction of meloidogyne incognita on winter cover crops used in cotton production.substantial reproduction of meloidogyne incognita on winter cover crops may lead to damaging populations in a subsequent cotton (gossypium hirsutum) crop. the amount of population increase during the winter depends on soil temperature and the host status of the cover crop. our objectives were to quantify m. incognita race 3 reproduction on rye (secale cereale) and several leguminous cover crops and to determine if these cover crops increase population densities of m. incognita and subsequent dam ...200619259434
root-knot nematode management in double-cropped plasticulture vegetables.combination treatments of chisel-injected fumigants (methyl bromide, 1,3-d, metam sodium, and chloropicrin) on a first crop, followed by drip-applied fumigants (metam sodium and 1,3-d +/- chloropicrin) on a second crop, with and without oxamyl drip applications were evaluated for control of meloidogyne incognita in three different tests (2002 to 2004) in tifton, ga. first crops were eggplant or tomato, and second crops were cantaloupe, squash, or jalapeno pepper. double-cropped vegetables suffer ...200619259431
screening of field pea (pisum sativum) selections for their reactions to root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita).pot studies were carried out to evaluate the reactions of 23 selections of field pea (pisum sativum) against meloidogyne incognita (2000 freshly hatched juveniles (j2)/pot). experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions ((24.7+/-3) degrees c and (62+/-7)% rh) and terminated 45 d after inoculation. the roots of all the selections were assessed to determine root-knot indices (rki) on a 0-4 scale. out of 23 selections hfp-990713, pant p-25, and hfp-0129 were resistant; pant p-2005, ndp-2 and ...200616502508
in planta secretion of a calreticulin by migratory and sedentary stages of root-knot nematode.esophageal secretions from endoparasitic sedentary nematodes are thought to play key roles throughout plant parasitism, in particular during the invasion of the root tissue and the initiation and maintenance of the nematode feeding site (nfs) essential for nematode development. the secretion in planta of esophageal cell-wall-degrading enzymes by migratory juveniles has been shown, suggesting a role for these enzymes in the invasion phase. nevertheless, the secretion of an esophageal gland protei ...200516478047
[effects of meloidogyne incognita initial inoculation density on ginger growth].the study with potted ginger showed that meloidogyne incognita infection could reduce the plant height, stem diameter, quantity of shoots, and fresh weight of stem, leaf and root, and finally, reduce ginger yield. with the enhancement of m. incognita initial inoculation density, the growth of ginger was damaged more severely, e. g., under inoculating 50, 100 and 200 m. incognita eggs per 100 g soil, ginger yield decreased by 27.91%, 37.73% and 42.14%, respectively. the reproduction rate of m. in ...200516471354
identification and mapping of microsatellite markers linked to a root-knot nematode resistance gene (rkn1) in acala nemx cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).host-plant resistance is the most economic and effective strategy for root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne incognita control in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). molecular markers linked to resistance are important for incorporating resistance genes into elite cultivars. to screen for microsatellite markers (ssr) closely linked to rkn resistance in g. hirsutum cv. acala nemx, f1, f2, bc1f1, and f2:7 recombinant inbred lines (rils) from intraspecific crosses and an f2 from an interspecific cross wi ...200616362274
a method for field infestation with meloidogyne incognita.a field inoculation method was developed to produce meloidogyne spp. infestation sites with minimal quantities of nematode inoculum and with a reduced labor requirement compared to previous techniques. in a preseason-methyl bromidefumigated site, nematode egg suspensions were delivered at concentrations of 0 or 10(x) eggs/m of row where x = 2.12, 2.82, 3.52, or 4.22 through a drip line attached to the seed firmer of a commercial 2-row planter into the open seed furrow while planting cowpea. thes ...200519262898
fitness of virulent meloidogyne incognita isolates on susceptible and resistant cowpea.a study of life-history traits was made to determine factors associated with the fitness of meloidogyne incognita isolates virulent to resistance gene rk in cowpea. egg hatch, root penetration, egg mass production, and fecundity (eggs per egg mass) of avirulent and virulent phenotypes were compared among m. incognita isolates, isofemale lines, and single descent lines over multiple generations on resistant and susceptible cowpea. variation (p </= 0.05) in both hatch and root penetration rates wa ...200519262891
isofemale line analysis of meloidogyne incognita virulence to cowpea resistance gene rk.isofemale lines (ifl) from single egg masses were studied for genetic variation in meloidogyne incognita isolates avirulent and virulent to the resistance gene rk in cowpea (vigna unguiculata). in parental isolates cultured on susceptible and resistant cowpea, the virulent isolate contained 100% and the avirulent isolate 7% virulent lineages. virulence was selected from the avirulent isolate within eight generations on resistant cowpea (lineage selection). in addition, virulence was selected fro ...200519262890
rna interference of dual oxidase in the plant nematode meloidogyne incognita.rna interference (rnai) is a powerful tool for the analysis of gene function in model organisms such as the nematode caenorhabditis elegans. recent demonstrations of rnai in plant parasitic nematodes provide a stimulus to explore the potential of using rnai to investigate disruption of gene function in meloidogyne incognita, one of the most important nematode pests of global agriculture. we have used rnai to examine the importance of dual oxidases (peroxidase and nadph oxidase), a class of enzym ...200516255249
use of cucumis metuliferus as a rootstock for melon to manage meloidogyne incognita.root-knot nematode-susceptible melons (cantaloupe) were grown in pots with varying levels of meloidogyne incognita and were compared to susceptible melons that were grafted onto cucumis metuliferus or cucurbita moschata rootstocks. in addition, the effect of using melons as transplants in nematode-infested soil was compared to direct seeding of melons in nematode-infested soil. there were no differences in shoot or root weight, or severity of root galling between transplanted and direct-seeded n ...200519262873
application of rna interference to root-knot nematode genes encoding esophageal gland proteins.plant parasitic nematodes have been, so far, refractory to transformation or mutagenesis. the functional analysis of nematode genes relies on the development of reverse genetic tools adapted to these obligate parasites. here, we describe the application of rna interference (rnai) to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita for the knock-down of two genes expressed in the subventral esophageal glands of the nematode and potentially involved in parasitism, the calreticulin (mi-crt) and the pol ...200516042006
nematicidal natural products from the aerial parts of lantana camara linn.lantanilic acid, camaric acid and oleanolic acid possessing nematicidal activity were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of lantana camara linn. through bio-assay guided fractionation. these compounds exhibited 98%, 95% and 70% mortality respectively against root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita at 0.5% concentration. conventional nematicide furadan showed 100% mortality at this concentration.200516010828
[adaptogenic effects of furostanol glycosides of dioscorea deltoidea wall on oxidative processes in tomato plants in biotic stress].the effect of furostanol glycosides of cell culture of dioscorea deltoidea wall on oxidative processes in tomato plants subjected to invasion with the gall nematode meloidogyne incognita kofoid et white was studied. we showed that furostanol glycosides induce a nonspecific defensive response in plants. exposure of cell membranes to furostanol glycosides cause rearrangements in fatty acids resulting in the formation of conjugated dienes, which makes molecules thermodynamically more stable under s ...201315977797
isolation and characterization of a cdna encoding a serine proteinase from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.this report describes the first serine proteinase gene isolated from the sedentary nematode meloidogyne incognita. using degenerate primers, a 1372bp cdna encoding a chymotrypsin-like serine proteinase (mi-ser1) was amplified from total rna of adult females by rt-pcr and 5' and 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends. the deduced amino acid sequence of mi-ser1 encoded a putative signal peptide and a prodomain of 22 and 33 amino acids, respectively, and a mature proteinase of 341 amino acids with a p ...200515888294
developmental expression and molecular analysis of two meloidogyne incognita pectate lyase genes.proteinaceous secretions from the oesophageal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes have crucial roles in nematode parasitism of plants. two cdnas (designated mi-pel-1 and mi-pel-2) encoding pectate lyases were isolated from the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, oesophageal gland-cell subtractive cdna libraries, and the corresponding genomic dnas were subsequently cloned. southern blot analyses revealed that homologues to these pectate lyase genes were broadly distributed in meloidogyne s ...200515862581
effect of tea dust residues to control root-knot nematode of tomato.in this research, control of tomato root- knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) was conducted using tea dust residues at different rates. first, the species and race of nematode were identified by employing diagnostic keys. then, with 5 replications in complete randomized design. tea dust residues were used at 9 treatments (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 g/kg of soil). statistical analysis on mean treatments rates showed that treatment with 25 g/kg soil economically was effective in growth ...200415759440
effects of dl-methionine on hatching and activity of meloidogyne incognita eggs and juveniles.several concentrations of dl-methionine were tested in the laboratory for their effects on meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood egg hatching and juvenile activity in aqueous suspensions and infested soil. after 7 days in methionine solutions, the proportions of hatched eggs were reduced by 23.3% at 0.25 mg litre(-1) methionine and by 76.4% at 25 g litre(-1) when compared with controls in tap water. an effect of methionine solutions on juvenile activity was also apparent after 24 h in ...200515751006
evaluation of several approaches to manage meloidogyne incognita and cotton seedling disease complexes in the high plains of texas.field experiments were conducted for control of the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) and cotton seedling disease fungi (primarily thielaviopsis basicola) in one naturally infested field during 1999 and 2000 and in three additional fields in 2000. treatments included: seed-applied fungicides (triadimenol + mefenoxam + thiram and carboxin + pcnb + mefenoxam), cultivars (paymaster [pm] 2326 rr and pm 2200 rr), and a nematicide (aldicarb at 0.83 kg a.i/ha). plant stands were highe ...200519262844
resistance gene analogue markers are mapped to homeologous chromosomes in cultivated tetraploid cotton.degenerate primers designed from conserved motifs of known plant resistance gene products were used to amplify genomic dna sequences from the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) resistance genetic source, upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum) cultivar auburn 634 rnr. a total of 165 clones were isolated, and sequence analysis revealed 57 of the clones to be novel nucleotide sequences, many containing the resistance (r)-protein nucleotide-binding site motif. a cluster analysis was performed wi ...200515726317
an sxp/ral-2 protein produced by the subventral pharyngeal glands in the plant parasitic root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.meloidogyne incognita is a major parasite of numerous plant families, including many crop species. upon infection of the plant root, it induces several multinucleate giant cells by the injection of pharyngeal gland secretions into the root cells. in order to obtain a better understanding of the nematode-plant interaction, characterization of the pharyngeal gland secretions is a necessity. by differential display, a nematode gene was identified that encodes a new member of the sxp/ral-2 protein f ...200515565464
effects of glucosinolates and their enzymatic hydrolysis products via myrosinase on the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid et white) chitw.the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita (kofoid et white) chitw. is responsible for large yield losses in several horticultural crops. fumigation with chemicals has been efficient in fighting this soil pest, but it clearly shows a negative environmental impact. thus, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly alternative to control this nematode and meet the requirements imposed by world regulation to ban some chemical fumigants in the world after 2005. the glucosinolate-myrosinase ...200415506804
biochemical changes in glomus fasciculatum colonized roots of lycopersicon esculentum in presence of meloidogyne incognita.glasshouse experiments were conducted to elicit biochemical substantiation for the observed difference in resistance to nematode infection in roots colonized by mycorrhiza, and susceptibility of the fresh flush of roots of the same plant that escaped mycorrhizal colonization. tomato roots were assayed for their biochemical profiles with respect to total proteins, total phenols, indole acetic acid, activities of polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and indole acetic acid oxidase. the r ...200415339037
effect of crotalaria juncea amendment on squash infected with meloidogyne incognita.two greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the effect of crotalaria juncea amendment on meloidogyne incognita population levels and growth of yellow squash (cucurbita pepo). in the first experiment, four soils with a long history of receiving yard waste compost (ywc+), no-yard-waste compost (ywc-), conventional tillage, or no-tillage treatments were used; in the second experiment, only one recently cultivated soil was used. half of the amount of each soil received air-dried residues of ...200419262819
isolation and characterization of pra1, a trypsin-like protease from the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum cect 2413 displaying nematicidal activity.mycoparasitic trichoderma strains secrete a complex set of hydrolytic enzymes under conditions related to antagonism. several proteins with proteolytic activity were detected in culture filtrates from t. harzianum cect 2413 grown in fungal cell walls or chitin and the protein responsible for the main activity (pra1) was purified to homogeneity. the enzyme was monomeric, its estimated molecular mass was 28 kda (sds-page), and its isoelectric point 4.7-4.9. the substrate specificity and inhibition ...200415221228
pepper rootstock graft compatibility and response to meloidogyne javanica and m. incognita.resistance of pepper species (capsicum annuum, c. baccatum, c. chinense, c. chacoense, and c. frutescens), cultivars and accessions to the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita race 2 and m. javanica, and their graft compatibility with commercial pepper varieties as rootstocks were evaluated in growth chamber and greenhouse experiments. most of the plants tested were highly resistant to m. javanica but susceptible to m. incognita. capsicum annuum ar-96023 and c. frutescens accessions as root ...200419262798
cyperus tubers protect meloidogyne incognita from 1,3-dichloropropene.meloidogyne incognita-infected and noninfected tubers of yellow nutsedge (cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (cyperus rotundus) were treated with 56 l/ha 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) in microplots and subsequently examined for tuber and nematode viability in the greenhouse using a chile pepper (capsicum annuum) bioassay system. the study was conducted three times. nutsedge tuber viability and m. incognita harbored in both yellow and purple nutsedge tubers were unaffected by 1,3-d treatment. ...200419262797
the use of olive mill wastes for the control of root-knot nematodes.the suppressive effect of olive mill wastes was tested in a field experiment in sandy soil, infested by meloidogyne incognita, in the province of lecce, southern italy. the field was subdivided in 12 m2 plots distributed at random in four blocks. treatment consisted of different dosages (10, 20 and 40 t/ha) of two composts prepared with either exhausted or fresh olive pomace or raw extraction sewage at rate of 40 or 80 m3/ha. there were four untreated control plots and four plots on which the gr ...200315149102
use of solid-phase subtractive hybridization for the identification of parasitism gene candidates from the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita.summary a solid-phase subtractive strategy was used to clone parasitism gene candidates (pgcs) expressed in the oesophageal gland cells of meloidogyne incognita. nematode intestinal first-strand cdna was synthesized directly on magnetic beads and used to enrich for gland-specific sequences by high stringency hybridization to gland-cell mrna. a gland-specific cdna library was created from the nonhybridizing gland-cell mrna by long-distance reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. subtract ...200420565611
[interaction between structure of plant steroids and their effect on phytonematodes].the effects of certain plant steroids of the groups of furostanol glycosides, glycoalkaloids, and alpha-ecdysone on growth and development of phytoparasitic nematodes were studied. it was shown using an experimental system including tomato, lycopersicon esculentum mill., and root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita kofoid et white, that steroid molecule had significant nematicidic activity if it contained a carbohydrate moiety and an additional heterocycle in the steroid core. the maximum nemat ...200615029710
reproduction of mi-virulent meloidogyne incognita isolates on lycopersicon spp.selection of detectable numbers of mi-virulent root-knot nematodes has necessitated a greater understanding of nematode responses to new sources of resistance. during the course of this research, we compared the reproduction of four geographically distinct mi-virulent root-knot nematode isolates on three resistant accessions of lycopersicon peruvianum. each accession carried a different resistant gene, mi-3, mi-7, or mi-8. all nematode isolates were verified as meloidogyne incognita using diagno ...200419262789
evaluation of asteraceae plants for control of meloidogyne incognita.of the 56 species and 43 genera of asteraceae tested, 9 were highly resistant or immune to meloidogyne incognita and did not form root galls. twenty-six species and six cultivars had 25% or fewer roots galled and were considered moderately resistant to m. incognita. pre-planting cosmos bipinnatus (f190), gaillardia pulchella, tagetes erecta, tithonia diversifolia, or zinnia elegans (f645) reduced root galling and m. incognita j2 in and around ipomoea reptans. amendment of soils with roots, stems ...200419262785
inheritance of resistance to meloidogyne incognita race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar carolina cayenne (capsicum annuum l.).root-knot nematodes of the genus meloidogyne are important pathogens affecting vegetable crop production in brazil and worldwide. the pepper species capsicum annuum includes both hot and sweet peppers; very little emphasis has been placed on breeding sweet peppers for nematode resistance. we report on the inheritance of resistance to meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood race 2 in the hot pepper cultivar carolina cayenne. the hot pepper cv. carolina cayenne was used as seed parent and ...200214963835
[photosynthetic pigments of tomato under conditions of biotic stress and effects of furostanol glycosides].adaptogenic effect of furostanol glycosides (fg) on biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments in tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) were studied under conditions of biotic stress caused by root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita kofoid et white). treatment of plants with 5 x 10(-4) m fg was accompanied by an increase in the rate of biosynthesis of pigments (particularly, chlorophyll b and carotenoids), which was observed against the background of a decrease in the relative contributio ...201314714485
a set of genes differentially expressed between avirulent and virulent meloidogyne incognita near-isogenic lines encode secreted proteins.a cdna-amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp)-based strategy has been used to identify genes differentially expressed between two pairs of near-isogenic lines (nil) of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita either avirulent or virulent against the tomato mi resistance gene. gene expression profiles from infective second-stage juveniles (j2) were compared, and 22 of the 24,025 transcript-derived fragments (tdf) generated proved to be differential, i.e., present in both avirulent ...200314651341
relationships between tolerance and resistance to meloidogyne incognita in cotton.the southern root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, is the most damaging pathogen of cotton in the united states, and both resistance and tolerance to m. incognita could be valuable management approaches. our objectives were to evaluate advanced cotton breeding lines for resistance and tolerance to m. incognita and to determine if a relationship between resistance and tolerance exists. reproduction of m. incognita was evaluated on 17 breeding lines, a susceptible control (delta and pine land ...200319262772
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