| preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida. | the expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. promoter regions from the three genes, tub-1, arsk1 and rpl16a were linked to the gus reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne in ... | 2004 | 17166138 |
| genome sequence of delftia acidovorans hk171, a nematicidal bacterium isolated from tomato roots. | delftia acidovorans strain hk171, isolated from tomato roots, exhibited nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita here, we present the genome sequence of d. acidovorans strain hk171, which consists of one circular chromosome of 6,430,384 bp, with 66.9% g+c content. | 2017 | 28254991 |
| expression and evolutionary analyses of three acetylcholinesterase genes (mi-ace-1, mi-ace-2, mi-ace-3) in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | the full cdna of mi-ace-3 encoding an acetylcholinesterase (ache) in meloidogyne incognita was cloned and characterized. mi-ace-3 had an open reading frame of 1875 bp encoding 624 amino acid residues. key residues essential to ache structure and function were conserved. the deduced mi-ace-3 protein sequence had 72% amino acid similarity with that of ditylenchus destructor dd-ache-3. phylogenetic analyses using 41 aches from 24 species showed that mi-ace-3 formed a cluster with 4 other nematode a ... | 2017 | 28238686 |
| exploring the host parasitism of the migratory plant-parasitic nematode ditylenchus destuctor by expressed sequence tags analysis. | the potato rot nematode, ditylenchus destructor, is a very destructive nematode pest on many agriculturally important crops worldwide, but the molecular characterization of its parasitism of plant has been limited. the effectors involved in nematode parasitism of plant for several sedentary endo-parasitic nematodes such as heterodera glycines, globodera rostochiensis and meloidogyne incognita have been identified and extensively studied over the past two decades. ditylenchus destructor, as a mig ... | 2013 | 23922743 |
| [molecular cloning and characterization of an acetylcholinesterase gene dd-ace-2 from sweet potato stem nematode ditylenchus destructor]. | a cdna, named dd-ace-2, encoding an acetylcholinesterase (ache, ec3.1.1.7), was isolated from sweet-potato-stem nematode, ditylenchus destructor. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences among different nematode species were compared and analyzed with dnaman5.0, mega3.0 softwares. the results showed that the complete nucleotide sequence of dd-ace-2 gene of ditylenchus destructor contains 2425 base pairs from which deduced 734 amino acids (genbank accession no. ef583058). the homology rates of ami ... | 2008 | 18464607 |
| dna complexity of the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne spp.) genome. | cot curves derived from renaturation kinetics of sheared denatured dna indicated that the genome of six populations representing the four most common root-knot nematode species (meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria, m. javanica, and m. hapla) is composed of 20% repetitive and 80% nonrepetitive sequences of dna. cot curves were almost identical, indicating that all populations had a haploid genome of approximately the same size. calculations from an average cot curve gave an estimate of 0.51 x 108 ... | 1989 | 19287606 |
| exogenous rna interference exposes contrasting roles for sugar exudation in host-finding by plant pathogens. | plant parasitic nematodes (ppn) locate host plants by following concentration gradients of root exudate chemicals in the soil. we present a simple method for rna interference (rnai)-induced knockdown of genes in tomato seedling roots, facilitating the study of root exudate composition, and ppn responses. knockdown of sugar transporter genes, stp1 and stp2, in tomato seedlings triggered corresponding reductions of glucose and fructose, but not xylose, in collected root exudate. this corresponded ... | 2016 | 27033013 |
| short interfering rna-mediated gene silencing in globodera pallida and meloidogyne incognita infective stage juveniles. | the analysis of gene function through rna interference (rnai)-based reverse genetics in plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) remains inexplicably reliant on the use of long double-stranded rna (dsrna) silencing triggers; a practice inherently disadvantageous due to the introduction of superfluous dsrna sequence, increasing chances of aberrant or off-target gene silencing through interactions between nascent short interfering rnas (sirnas) and non-cognate mrna targets. recently, we have shown that no ... | 2010 | 19651131 |
| non-nematode-derived double-stranded rnas induce profound phenotypic changes in meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida infective juveniles. | nine non-nematode-derived double-stranded rnas (dsrnas), designed for use as controls in rna interference (rnai) screens of neuropeptide targets, were found to induce aberrant phenotypes and an unexpected inhibitory effect on motility of root knot nematode meloidogyne incognita j2s following 24h soaks in 0.1 mg/ml dsrna; a simple soaking procedure which we have found to elicit profound knockdown of neuronal targets in globodera pallida j2s. we have established that this inhibitory phenomenon is ... | 2009 | 19482028 |
| characterisation of a collagen gene subfamily from the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. | we have isolated two full-length genomic dna sequences, which encode the cuticle collagen proteins gp-col-1 and gp-col-2, from the potato cyst nematode globodera pallida. a third, partial collagen gene orf termed gp-col-t(t=truncated) has also been isolated and appears to represent an unexpressed pseudogene. the gp-col-1 and gp-col-2 genes both contain three short (<97 bp) introns which disrupt coding regions predicted to specify proteins with molecular weights of 33 and 32.7 kda respectively. a ... | 2001 | 11223244 |
| image analysis of the growth of globodera pallida and meloidogyne incognita on transgenic tomato roots expressing cystatins. | an approach based on image analysis that enables rapid collection and analysis of nematode size and shape during growth is reported. this technique has been applied to assess meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida during their development over 35 and 42 days, respectively, on transgenic tomato roots expressing the wild-type rice cystatin oc-i or an engineered variant, oc-iad86. morphometric values were established that subdivided enlarged saccate females from other life stages. analysis of ... | 1996 | 19277136 |
| low cryoprotectant concentrations and fast cooling for nematode cryostorage. | cryopreservation protocols based on slow freezing or vitrification often result in cell injury due to ice formation, cell dehydration and/or toxic concentrations of cryoprotectant (cpa). in this study, we present a cryopreservation technique based on low, non-toxic concentrations of cryoprotectants (≈ 2-4m) combined with a rapid cooling rate in the liquid nitrogen phase (-196°c). protocols for successfully cryopreserving the plant parasitic nematodes globodera tabacum tabacum, heterodera schacht ... | 2011 | 21524646 |
| seed treatment as a means of preventing nematode damage to crop plants. | a procedure for treating crop seeds with aqueous solutions of the systemic nematicide oxamyl is described. seedlings from treated seeds were more resistant to attack by parasitic nematodes. leachate from treated seeds reduced the number of free-living nematodes in the surrounding soil. | 1977 | 19305617 |
| a glycine max homolog of non-race specific disease resistance 1 (ndr1) alters defense gene expression while functioning during a resistance response to different root pathogens in different genetic backgrounds. | a glycine max homolog of the arabidopsis thaliana non-race specific disease resistance 1 (ndr1) coiled-coil nucleotide binding leucine rich repeat (cc-nb-lrr) defense signaling gene (gm-ndr1-1) is expressed in root cells undergoing a defense response to the root pathogenic nematode, heterodera glycines. gm-ndr1-1 overexpression in the h. glycines-susceptible genotype g. max[williams 82/pi 518671] impairs parasitism. in contrast, gm-ndr1-1 rna interference (rnai) in the h. glycines-resistant geno ... | 2017 | 28273511 |
| embryogenesis in the parasitic nematode heterodera glycines is independent of host-derived hatching stimulation. | many parasites regulate their development to synchronize their life cycle with a compatible host. the parasitic nematode heterodera glycines displays incomplete host-mediated hatching behavior wherein some h. glycines individuals hatch only in the presence of a host-derived cue while others hatch in water alone. furthermore, h. glycines shows variable hatching behavior based on oviposition location. the mechanisms regulating this hatching variability are unknown. in this study, we established a ... | 2017 | 28077087 |
| comparative analysis of soybean genotype resistance to heterodera glycines and meloidogyne species via resistance gene analogs. | nematodes are important pests of soybean throughout the world and cause high yield losses. as a control strategy, the identification of resistance genes is an important aim of breeding studies. plants possess resistance genes (r), which are responsible for the recognition of pathogens and activation of the defense system. r genes and resistance gene analogs (rgas) possess conserved domains, from which nucleotide-binding site is the most common. using degenerate primers originating from these dom ... | 2016 | 27706689 |
| chip technologies for screening chemical and biological agents against plant-parasitic nematodes. | plant-parasitic nematodes cause substantial damage to agricultural crops worldwide. long-term management of these pests requires novel strategies to reduce infection of host plants. disruption of nematode chemotaxis to root systems has been proposed as a potential management approach, and novel assays are needed to test the chemotactic behavior of nematodes against a wide range of synthetic chemicals and root exudates. two microfluidic chips were developed that measure the attraction or repulsio ... | 2016 | 27452899 |
| optimization of in vitro techniques for distinguishing between live and dead second stage juveniles of heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita. | heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode, or scn) and meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode, or rkn) are two damaging plant-parasitic nematodes on important field crops. developing a quick method to distinguish between live and dead scn and rkn second stage juveniles (j2) is vital for high throughput screening of pesticides or biological compounds against scn and rkn. the in vitro assays were conducted in 96-well plates to determine the optimum chemical stimulus to distinguish between live ... | 2016 | 27144277 |
| identification of quantitative trait loci underlying resistance to southern root-knot and reniform nematodes in soybean accession pi 567516c. | soybean cyst nematode (scn, heterodera glycine ichinohe), southern root-knot nematode [srkn, meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood] and reniform nematode (rn, rotylenchulus reniformis linford and oliveira) are three important plant-parasitic pests in soybean. previous study showed that plant introduction (pi) 567516c harbored novel quantitative trait loci (qtl) conferring scn resistance to soybean. however, qtl underlying resistance to srkn and rn in pi 567516c remain unknown. the ob ... | 2017 | 26028986 |
| manipulation of two α-endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes, atcel6 and gmcel7, reduces susceptibility to heterodera glycines in soybean roots. | plant endo-β-1,4-glucanases (egases) include cell wall-modifying enzymes that are involved in nematode-induced growth of syncytia (feeding structures) in nematode-infected roots. egases in the α- and β-subfamilies contain signal peptides and are secreted, whereas those in the γ-subfamily have a membrane-anchoring domain and are not secreted. the arabidopsis α-egase at1g48930, designated as atcel6, is known to be down-regulated by beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii) in arabidopsis roots, wh ... | 2014 | 24844661 |
| effects of catechin polyphenols and preparations from the plant-parasitic nematode heterodera glycines on protease activity and behaviour in three nematode species. | protease activities in preparations from the plant-parasitic nematodes heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita and the free-living nematode panagrellus redivivus were inhibited by exposure to a series of eight catechin polyphenol analogues, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin (ec), (-)-gallocatechin (gc), (-)-epigallocatechin (egc), (-)-catechin gallate (cg), (-)-gallocatechin gallate (gcg), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ecg) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) (1 mm each), and by a preparation f ... | 2014 | 23635519 |
| a comparison of the fmrfamide-like peptide proteolytic activities of preparations from two plant-parasitic nematodes (heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita): possible targets for novel control. | proteolytic activities in extracts from the plant-parasitic nematodes heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita were examined for their abilities to digest three fret-modified peptide substrates representing members of the large fmrfamide-like peptide (flp) family in nematodes. included were sequences distributed across all nematode species (ksaymrfa and kheylrfa) and a sequence confined to a narrow range of plant-parasitic nematodes (khefvrfa). species variations were observed among substra ... | 2013 | 22310027 |
| using fame analysis to compare, differentiate, and identify multiple nematode species. | we have adapted the sherlock(®) microbial identification system for identification of plant parasitic nematodes based on their fatty acid profiles. fatty acid profiles of 12 separate plant parasitic nematode species have been determined using this system. additionally, separate profiles have been developed for rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita based on their host plant, four species and three races within the meloidogyne genus, and three life stages of heterodera glycines. stati ... | 2009 | 22736811 |
| evaluation of two soybean cultivars and aldicarb treatment in soil infested with plant-parasitic nematodes. | the soybean cultivars davis and leflore were grown in a northern florida experimental site infested with eight species of plant-parasitic nematodes. meloidogyne incognita appeared to become the predominant pathogen, suppressing davis soybean yield regardless of aldicarb treatment. soybean yields of leflore were 1.4-fold to 3.5-fold greater than yields of davis, but aldicarb did not affect yields of either cultivar. davis soybean yield was negatively correlated with the at-plant density of m. inc ... | 1991 | 19283184 |
| usefulness of egg assays in nematode population-density determinations. | | 1987 | 19290117 |
| a distinct role of pectate lyases in the formation of feeding structures induced by cyst and root-knot nematodes. | pectin in the primary plant cell wall is thought to be responsible for its porosity, charge density, and microfibril spacing and is the main component of the middle lamella. plant-parasitic nematodes secrete cell wall-degrading enzymes that macerate the plant tissue, facilitating the penetration and migration within the roots. in sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, these enzymes are released only during the migration of infective juveniles through the root. later, nematodes manipulate the express ... | 2014 | 24905398 |
| expression of arabidopsis pathogenesis-related genes during nematode infection. | the expression pattern of pathogenesis-related genes pr-1 to pr-5 was examined in the roots and leaves of arabidopsis thaliana plants on infection with beet-cyst (heterodera schachtii) and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes. during h. schachtii parasitism of arabidopsis, the expression of pr-1, pr-2 and pr-5, which are considered to be markers for salicylic acid (sa)-dependent systemic acquired resistance (sar), was induced in both roots and leaves of infected plants. in addition, the e ... | 2011 | 21453430 |
| differential vascularization of nematode-induced feeding sites. | sedentary nematodes are destructive plant pathogens that cause significant yield losses. in the roots of their host plants, cyst nematodes (cns) and root-knot nematodes (rkns) induce different, highly specialized feeding sites--syncytia or giant cells (gcs), respectively--to optimize nutrient uptake. we compared the mechanisms by which nutrients are delivered from the model host plant, arabidopsis, to gcs induced by the rkn meloidogyne incognita or to syncytia induced by the cn heterodera schach ... | 2008 | 18711135 |
| atcdka;1 silencing in arabidopsis thaliana reduces reproduction of sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes. | the activity of the arabidopsis thaliana cyclin-dependent kinase atcdka;1 is important throughout g(1)/s and g(2)/m transitions and guarantees the progression of the cell cycle. inhibitor studies have shown that activation of the cell cycle is important for the development of nematode feeding sites. the aim of this study was to silence the expression of the atcdka;1 gene in nematode feeding sites to interfere with their development. therefore, sense and antisense constructs were made for the atc ... | 2008 | 18554267 |
| differential gene expression in arabidopsis following infection by plant-parasitic nematodes meloidogyne incognita and heterodera schachtii. | summary whole genome microarrays were used to study plant gene expression in mature meloidogyne incognita-induced galls in arabidopsis. we found 959 genes to be significantly differentially expressed, and two-thirds of these were down-regulated. microarray results were confirmed by qrt-pcr. the temporal and spatial responses of four differentially expressed genes were analysed using gus reporter plants following infection with m. incognita and the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. the ammonium ... | 2007 | 20507524 |
| production of auxin and related compounds by the plant parasitic nematodes heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita. | mass spectrometric analysis revealed the presence of auxin, mainly in conjugated form, in secretions of heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita, with or without treatment with dmt or resorcinol. m. incognita showed the highest production rates, though treatment of m. incognita with resorcinol had a negative effect on auxin production. analysis of auxin precursor molecules in lysates of h. schachtii, m. incognita and caenorhabditis elegans suggested that auxin is most probably a degradatio ... | 2005 | 16363359 |
| differential activation of abi3 and lea genes upon plant parasitic nematode infection. | summary promoter activity of abi3 and of three lea genes was monitored in arabidopsis transgenics infected with heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita. abi3::gus expression was induced (in four different promoter deletion constructs) during early infection stages with h. schachtii. similar gus expression patterns, though slightly later in time compared with abi3, were observed for one of the lea promoter constructs, whereas the other two were not induced by h. schachtii. expression was m ... | 2005 | 20565660 |
| feeding cell development by cyst and root-knot nematodes involves a similar early, local and transient activation of a specific auxin-inducible promoter element. | summary to study the role of the phytohormone auxin in nematode feeding cell induction and early development, the transcriptional regulation of the artificial auxin-responsive promoter element dr5 was monitored in arabidopsis thaliana roots infected with the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii or the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. for both nematode species, a specific and strong activation of dr5::gusa was observed inside the initial feeding cells at 18 h post inoculation, pointing to ... | 2004 | 20565601 |
| identification of cytokinins produced by the plant parasitic nematodes heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita. | summary the presence of different types of cytokinins was analysed in exudates and lysates of stage-2 juveniles of heterodera schachtii and meloidogyne incognita and in mixed stages of caenorhabditis elegans. for all species, cytokinins were detected in lysates and exudates in which benzyladenine and zeatin-type cytokinins were the most prominent forms. the production of cytokinins by meloidogyne was much higher than by heterodera, and the detected levels were in a range which interfered with th ... | 2003 | 20569387 |
| activation of a pollenin promoter upon nematode infection. | three glycine-rich protein genes of arabidopsis thaliana (atgrp-6, atgrp-7, and atgrp-8) that correspond to putative genes coding for pollenins (atolnb;2, atolnb;3, and atolnb;4, respectively) are expressed predominantly in the anthers and, more specifically, in the tapetum layer. tapetal cells are responsible for nutrition of developing pollen grains and show some functional similarities to nematode feeding sites (nfs) induced in plant roots by sedentary parasitic nematodes. the aim of this stu ... | 2002 | 19265912 |
| resistance to both cyst and root-knot nematodes conferred by transgenic arabidopsis expressing a modified plant cystatin. | plant nematodes are major pests of agriculture. transgenic plant technology has been developed based on the use of proteinase inhibitors as nematode anti-feedants. the approach offers prospects for novel plant resistance and reduced use of environmentally damaging nematicides. a modified rice cystatin, oc-i delta d86, expressed as a transgene in arabidopsis thaliana, has a profound effect on the size and fecundity of females for both heterodera schachtii (beet-cyst nematode) and meloidogyne inco ... | 1997 | 9301094 |
| evaluation of entomopathogenic nematodes and the supernatants of the in vitro culture medium of their mutualistic bacteria for the control of the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. | the suppressive effects of various formulations of four entomopathogenic nematode (epn) species and the supernatants of their mutualistic bacteria on the root-knot nematodes (rkns) meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria in tomato roots were evaluated. the epns steinernema carpocapsae, s. feltiae, s. glaseri and heterorhabditis bacteriophora were applied as either live infective juveniles (ijs) or infected insect cadavers. spent medium from culturing the bacterial symbionts xenorhabdus bovienii an ... | 2016 | 25721911 |
| the dual effects of root-cap exudates on nematodes: from quiescence in plant-parasitic nematodes to frenzy in entomopathogenic nematodes. | to defend themselves against herbivores and pathogens, plants produce numerous secondary metabolites, either constitutively or de novo in response to attacks. an intriguing constitutive example is the exudate produced by certain root-cap cells that can induce a state of reversible quiescence in plant-parasitic nematodes, thereby providing protection against these antagonists. the effect of such root exudates on beneficial entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) remains unclear, but could potentially i ... | 2015 | 25165149 |
| nematicidal activity of anion transport blockers against meloidogyne incognita, caenorhabditis elegans and heterorhabditis bacteriophora. | because methyl bromide has been phased out as a soil sterilant, new nematicides are urgently needed. four different chemical classes of organic acids acting as anion transport (at) blockers were tested against a free-living nematode, caenorhabditis elegans maupas, a plant-parasitic nematode, meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood, and an entomopathogenic nematode, heterorhabditis bacteriophora poinar, in toxicity bioassays. the materials tested were dids (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene ... | 2008 | 18407564 |
| use of entomopathogenic nematodes to suppress meloidogyne incognita on greenhouse tomatoes. | tomato seedlings in a growth chamber were inoculated with 150 meloidogyne incognita eggs and 25 infective juveniles (ij)/cm² of steinernema feltiae, s. riobrave, or heterorhabditis bacteriophora. with the exception of seedling roots treated with h. bacteriophora, all seedlings treated with entomopathogenic nematodes had fewer m. incognita juveniles inside roots and produced fewer eggs than the control seedlings. tomato plants in the greenhouse were infested with 4,000 m. incognita eggs and treat ... | 2002 | 19265927 |
| site specific nematode management-development and success in cotton production in the united states. | variability in edaphic factors such as clay content, organic matter, and nutrient availability within individual fields is a major obstacle confronting cotton producers. adaptation of geospatial technologies such global positioning systems (gps), yield monitors, autosteering, and the automated on-and-off technology required for site-specific nematicide application has provided growers with additional tools for managing nematodes. multiple trials in several states were conducted to evaluate this ... | 2014 | 25580023 |
| lysinibacillus mangiferahumi sp. nov., a new bacterium producing nematicidal volatiles. | a gram-positive bacterium, designated m-gx18(t), was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of mango (guangxi province, china). the isolate produced nematicidal volatile compounds with activities against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. the organism was motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, spore-forming and rod shaped. the predominant menaquinone was mk-7 and the major cellular fatty acid profiles were iso-c(15:0), anteiso-c(15:0) and iso-c(16:0). the dna g+c content was 38.9%. a phy ... | 2012 | 22367102 |
| reproduction of meloidogyne incognita race 3 on flue-cured tobacco homozygous for rk1 and/or rk2 resistance genes. | most commercial tobacco cultivars possess the rk1 resistance gene to races 1 and 3 of meloidogyne incognita and race 1 of meloidogyne arenaria, which has caused a shift in population prevalence in virginia tobacco fields toward other species and races. a number of cultivars now also possess the rk2 gene for root-knot resistance. experiments were conducted in 2013 to 2014 to examine whether possessing both rk1 and rk2 increases resistance to a variant of m. incognita race 3 compared to either gen ... | 2016 | 27418700 |
| pasteuria penetrans for control of meloidogyne incognita on tomato and cucumber, and m. arenaria on snapdragon. | meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne arenaria are important parasitic nematodes of vegetable and ornamental crops. microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to test commercial formulations of the biocontrol agent pasteuria penetrans for control of m. incognita on tomato and cucumber and m. arenaria on snapdragon. three methods of application for p. penetrans were assessed including seed, transplant, and post-plant treatments. efficacy in controlling galling and reproduction of the two ... | 2015 | 26527842 |
| suitability of zucchini and cucumber genotypes to populations of meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica. | the host suitability of five zucchini and three cucumber genotypes to meloidogyne incognita (mipm26) and m. javanica (mj05) was determined in pot experiments in a greenhouse. the number of egg masses (em) did not differ among the genotypes of zucchini or cucumber, but the eggs/plant and reproduction factor (rf) did slightly. m. incognita mipm26 showed lower em, eggs/plant, and rf than m. javanica mj05. examination of the zucchini galls for nematode postinfection development revealed unsuitable c ... | 2015 | 25861120 |
| mitochondrial genome plasticity among species of the nematode genus meloidogyne (nematoda: tylenchina). | the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes meloidogyne arenaria, meloidogyne enterolobii and meloidogyne javanica were sequenced and compared with those of three other root-knot nematode species in order to explore the mt genome plasticity within meloidogyne. the mt genomes of m. arenaria, m. enterolobii and m. javanica are circular, with an estimated size of 18.8, 18.9 and 19.6 kb, respectively. compared to other nematodes these mt genomes are larger, due to the p ... | 2015 | 25655462 |
| rkn lethal db: a database for the identification of root knot nematode (meloidogyne spp.) candidate lethal genes. | root knot nematode (rkn; meloidogyne spp.) is one of the most devastating parasites that infect the roots of hundreds of plant species. rkn cannot live independently from their hosts and are the biggest contributors to the loss of the world's primary foods. rnai gene silencing studies have demonstrated that there are fewer galls and galls are smaller when rnai constructs targeted to silence certain rkn genes are expressed in plant roots. we conducted a comparative genomics analysis, comparing rk ... | 2012 | 23144556 |
| host status of endophyte-infected and noninfected tall fescue grass to meloidogyne spp. | tall fescue grass cultivars with or without endophytes were evaluated for their susceptibility to meloidogyne incognita in the greenhouse. tall fescue cultivars evaluated included, i) wild-type jesup (e+, ergot-producing endophyte present), ii) endophyte-free jesup (e-, no endophyte present), iii) jesup (max-q, non-ergot producing endophyte) and iv) georgia 5 (e+). peach was included as the control. peach supported greater (p ≤ 0.05) reproduction of m. incognita than all tall fescue cultivars. d ... | 2010 | 22736851 |
| virulence of meloidogyne spp. and induced resistance in grape rootstocks. | harmony grape rootstock displays resistance to several meloidogyne spp. but that resistance is not durable in commercial vineyard settings. a 2-year experiment in a microplot setting revealed host specificities of two virulent populations of meloidogyne arenaria and an avirulent population of meloidogyne incognita. in a subsequent split-root experiment, the avirulent nematode population was demonstrated to induce resistance to the virulent nematode population. to quantify the level of resistance ... | 2007 | 19259475 |
| the heat-stable root-knot nematode resistance gene mi-9 from lycopersicon peruvianum is localized on the short arm of chromosome 6. | the tomato gene mi-1 confers resistance to three species of root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp. however, the resistance mediated by mi-1 is inactive at soil temperatures above 28 degrees c. previously, we identified and mapped a novel heat-stable nematode resistance gene from the wild species lycopersicon peruvianum accession la2157 on to chromosome 6. here we report further characterization of this heat-stable resistance against three mi-1-avirulent biotypes of meloidogyne javanica, meloidogy ... | 2003 | 12589548 |
| resistance in selected corn hybrids to meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita. | a total of 33 corn hybrids were evaluated in a series of greenhouse and field trials to determine if they differed in resistance to either meloidogyne incognita race 3 or m. arenaria race 1. reproduction of m. incognita race 3 and m. arenaria race 1 on the hybrids was also compared. reproduction of m. arenaria differed among corn hybrids after 58 to 65 days in greenhouse experiments; however, reproduction was similar among hybrids in the field experiment. no hybrids were consistently resistant t ... | 2000 | 19271019 |
| rate response of 1,3-dichloropropene for nematode control in spring squash in deep sand soils. | the soil fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) formulated with chloropicrin is viewed as a likely alternative for replacing methyl bromide in florida when the latter is phased out in 2005. therefore, it behooves us to learn more about using 1,3-d in deep, sand soils. two trials were conducted on spring squash to determine the most effective rate of 1,3-d for the control of meloidogyne spp. rates tested included 0, 56, 84, 112, and 168 liters/ha of 1,3-d applied broadcast with conventional chisels ... | 2000 | 19271005 |
| reproductive variability of field populations of meloidogyne spp. on grape rootstocks. | variability in penetration, development, and reproduction of two resistance-breaking field pathotypes (pt.) of meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and a population of mixed meloidogyne spp. virulent to grape hosts were compared on two resistant vitis rootstocks 'freedom' and 'harmony' in separate tests. 'cabernet sauvignon' was included as a susceptible host to all four nematode populations. secondstage juveniles (j2) of the mixed population failed to penetrate freedom roots. by contrast, 6% of ... | 2000 | 19270976 |
| host suitability of potential cover crops for root-knot nematodes. | several potential cover crops were evaluated for their susceptibility to meloidogyne arenaria race 1, m. incognita race 1, and m. javanica in a series of five greenhouse experiments. no galls or egg masses were observed on roots of castor (ricinus communis), cowpea (vigna unguiculata cv. iron clay), crotalaria (crotalaria spectabilis), or american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana). occasional egg masses (rating </=1.0 on 0-5 scale) were observed on marigold (tagetes minuta) in one test with m. ... | 1999 | 19270926 |
| host status of herbaceous perennials to meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. | twenty-two different herbaceous perennials were studied for their reaction to separate inoculations of meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita under greenhouse conditions. perennial taxa that did not develop root-galls following inoculation, and therefore are considered as nonhosts of both nematode species, included species and cultivars of aethionema, fragaria, phlox, and polygonum. echinacea, monarda, and patrinia developed only a few galls. root-galls developed on species and cultivars of achil ... | 1998 | 19274254 |
| effects of temperature on resistance in phaseolus vulgaris genotypes and on development of meloidogyne species. | phaseolus vulgaris lines with heat-stable resistance to meloidogyne spp. may be needed to manage root-knot nematodes in tropical regions. resistance expression before and during the process of nematode penetration and development in resistant genotypes were studied at pre- and postinoculation temperatures of 24 degrees c and 24 degrees c, 24 degrees c and 28 degrees c, 28 degrees c and 24 degrees c, and 28 degrees c and 28 degrees c. resistance was effective at all temperature regimes examined, ... | 1997 | 19274137 |
| responses of meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita to green manures and supplemental urea in glasshouse culture. | the recent loss of many effective nematicides has led to renewed interest in alternative methods of nematode management. greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rapeseed and velvetbean green manures, and supplemental urea, on the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita. green manures were incorporated with m. arenaria-infested soil using rates totaling 200,300, and 400 mg n/kg soil. squash plants grown in this soil were evaluated using a gall index and ... | 1996 | 19277190 |
| role of nematodes, nematicides, and crop rotation on the productivity and quality of potato, sweet potato, peanut, and grain sorghum. | the objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of fenamiphos 15g and short-cycle potato (po)-sweet potato (sp) grown continuously and in rotation with peanut (pe)-grain sorghum (gs) on yield, crop quality, and mixed nematode population densities of meloidogyne arenaria, m. hapla, m. incognita, and mesocriconema ornatum. greater root-gall indices and damage by m. hapla and m. incognita occurred on potato than other crops. most crop yields were higher and root-gall indices lower fro ... | 1996 | 19277157 |
| surface coat of meloidogyne incognita. | the nematode surface coat is defined as an extracuticular component on the outermost layer of the nematode body wall, visualized only by electron microscopy. surface coat proteins of meloidogyne incognita race 3 infective juveniles were characterized by electrophoresis and western blotting of extracts from radioiodine and biotin-labeled nematodes. extraction of labeled nematodes with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide yielded a principal protein band larger than 250 kda and, with water soluble bioti ... | 1996 | 19277137 |
| reproduction of meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica on sesame. | reproduction of meloidogyne arenaria race 1, m. ineognita races 1 and 3, and m. javanica on 10 cultivars of sesame (sesame indicum) was examined in greenhouse tests. sesame cultivars were also evaluated in a field infested with m. arenaria. sesame was a poor host for m. incognita races 1 and 3 as no sesame genotype supported more than 70 eggs/g root. reproduction of m. arenaria race 1 on sesame varied from 20 eggs/g roots for cultivar sesaco 7cb to 1,570 eggs/g roots for sesaco 119 in the greenh ... | 1995 | 19277331 |
| reproduction of meloidogyne incognito and m. arenaria on tropical corn hybrids. | reproduction ofmeloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria was determined on 25 commercial tropical corn hybrids in greenhouse studies. soil around corn seedlings was infested with 3,000 eggs/plant. reproduction was quantified from counts of egg masses on roots stained with phloxine b 60 days after soil infestation. all of the tropical hybrids were susceptible to m. incognita and m. arenaria. egg mass indices (0-5 scale) ranged from 3.4 to 4.2 and from 3.4 to 4.1 for m. incognita and m. arenaria, resp ... | 1994 | 19279959 |
| tropical rotation crops influence nematode densities and vegetable yields. | the effects of eight summer rotation crops on nematode densities and yields of subsequent spring vegetable crops were determined in field studies conducted in north florida from 1991 to 1993. the crop sequence was as follows: (i) rotation crops during summer 1991; (ii) cover crop of rye (secale cereale) during winter 1991-92; (iii) 'lemondrop l' squash (cucurbita pepo) during spring 1992; (iv) rotation crops during summer 1992; (v) rye during winter 1992-93; (vi) 'classic' eggplant (solanum melo ... | 1994 | 19279897 |
| host suitability of graminaceous crop cultivars for isolates of meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita. | twenty-two graminaceous plant cultivars were evaluated in the greenhouse for host suitability for three south carolina isolates of meloidogyne arenaria race 2 (ma-r2) designated as florence, govan, and pelion, a florida isolate of m. arenaria race 1 (ma-r1), and a south carolina m. incognita race 3. host suitability was determined by calculating egg mass index (emi) reproduction factor (rf) (final egg numbers/initial egg numbers), and number of eggs per gram fresh root. corn hybrids pioneer 3147 ... | 1993 | 19279853 |
| a polymerase chain reaction method for identification of five major meloidogyne species. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for discriminating meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria, m. javanica, m. hapla, and m. chitwoodi was developed. single juveniles were ruptured in a drop of water and added directly to a pcr reaction mixture in a microcentrifuge tube. primer annealing sites were located in the 3' portion of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome oxidase subunit ii and in the 16s rrna gene. following pcr amplification, fragments of three sizes were detected. the m. inco ... | 1993 | 19279734 |
| effects of root decay on the relationship between meloidogyne spp. gall index and egg mass number in cucumber and horned cucumber. | a greenhouse study was conducted to determine if root necrosis had an effect on the relationship between root-knot nematode gall index and egg mass number. thirty-four cultigens of cucumis (14 accessions, 12 cultivars, and six breeding lines of c. sativus, and two accessions of c. metuliferus) were evaluated against four root-knot species (meloidogyne arenaria race 2, m. incognita race 1, m. incognita race 3, and m. javanica) measuring gall index, root necrosis, and egg mass number. root necrosi ... | 1992 | 19283049 |
| characterization of acetylcholinesterase molecular forms of the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne. | multiple molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase have been isolated and characterized from the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne arenaria and meloidogyne incognita. the forms of enzyme present in these 2 species are similar but not identical to those that occur in the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans. the 5 enzyme forms exhibit differential solubilities and can be classified into 3 classes, a, b, and c, based on substrate affinity, inhibitor and detergent sensitivity, and thermal inacti ... | 1991 | 1775164 |
| meloidogyne arenaria populations on soybean. | the distribution of meloidogyne spp. was determined in the piedmont and coastal plains soybean production areas of south carolina. meloidogyne arenaria, m. incognita, and m. javanica were found in six of seven counties surveyed, with some populations consisting of two or more species. because m. arenaria populations did not reproduce on peanut (arachis hypogaea cv. florunner), they were designated as host race 2. severity of root galling, shoot and root growth, seed yield, and nematode reproduct ... | 1991 | 19283177 |
| race composition of meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria populations in vegetable fields in uttar pradesh. | a total of 1,256 populations of meloidogyne incognita and 442 populations of m. arenaria were collected from vegetables in eight districts of uttar pradesh, india. host differentials were used to identify the host race of each population. all four host races of m. incognita were present in six of the eight districts. in the other two districts, only host races 1, 2, and 4 were found. although frequencies of occurrence of the races differed among districts, races 1 and 2 comprised 62% of all m. i ... | 1991 | 19283172 |
| resistance to root-knot nematodes in cucumber and horned cucumber. | two experiments were conducted in the greenhouse. in one experiment, cucumber (cucumis sativus) and horned cucumber (c. metuliferus) cultigens were evaluated for resistance to four root-knot nematode species (meloidogyne arenaria, m. hapla, m. incognita, and m. javanica), and, in a second experiment, a standard (12-week) test was compared with a rapid (6-week) test. in the first experiment, horned cucumber cultigens varied in response to the meloidogyne species. 'sumter' cucumber was more suscep ... | 1991 | 19283171 |
| reaction of prunus rootstocks to meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria in spain. | prunus rootstocks were evaluated for their reaction to meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. most rootstocks were peach-almond hybrids of spanish origin. in one experiment three selections of garfi x nemared (g x n) and hansen-5 were highly resistant to m. incognita, but four other rootstocks were susceptible showing high galling indices and population increases. in two experiments with m. arenaria, the hybrid selections g x n nos. 1 and 9 were immune, gf-305 and hansen-5 were resistant, but ni ... | 1991 | 19283164 |
| comparisons of isozyme phenotypes in five meloidogyne spp. with isoelectric focusing. | meloidogyne incognita race 1, m. javanica, m. arenaria race 1, m. hapla, and an undescribed meloidogyne sp. were analyzed by comparing isozyme phenotypes of esterase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. isozyme phenotypes were obtained from single mature females by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. of these five isozymes, only esterase and phosphoglucomutase could be used to separate all five meloidogyne spp.; however, ... | 1991 | 19283155 |
| size differences among root-knot nematodes on resistant and susceptible alyceclover genotypes. | the influence of plant resistance on the size of individual root-knot nematodes was determined in greenhouse experiments. five genotypes of alyceclover were inoculated with second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita race 3 or m. arenaria race 1. plants were harvested at selected intervals and stained for detection of the nematodes, which were dissected from the roots. length, width, and sagittal-sectional area of each animal were measured using an image-analysis system, and areas of nematod ... | 1991 | 19283120 |
| resistance in lycopersicon peruvianum to isolates of mi gene-compatible meloidogyne populations. | root-knot nematode resistance of f progeny of an intraspecific hybrid (lycopersicon peruvianum var. glandulosum acc. no. 126443 x l. peruvianum acc. no. 270435), l. esculentum cv. piersol (possessing resistance gene mi), and l. esculentum cv. st. pierre (susceptible) was compared. resistance to 1) isolates of two meloidogyne incognita populations artificially selected for parasitism on tomato plants possessing the mi gene, 2) the wild type parent populations, 3) four naturally occurring resistan ... | 1990 | 19287762 |
| host suitability of soybean cultivars for meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. | the suitability of five maturity group (mg) iii and five mg iv soybean, glycine max, cultivars as hosts for meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria was evaluated in a greenhouse. 'forrest', a mg v cultivar, was used as the standard of comparison for m. incognita resistance. with m. incognita, root-gall and egg-mass indices and reproductive factors for 'asgrow 3307', 'ffr 398', and 'pioneer 9442' were comparable with those found on forrest. meloidogyne arenaria reproduction was lower (p </= 0.05) o ... | 1989 | 19287669 |
| suitability of small grains as hosts of meloidogyne species. | seven cultivars of wheat, five of oat, one of rye, and four of barley were tested as hosts for meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, or m. arenaria under greenhouse conditions where soil temperature ranged from 21 to 34 c. reproduction rates of all nematode species were high on all cultivars, except m. javanica and m. arenaria on 'brooks' and 'florida 501' oat. meloidogyne incognita and m. javanica produced more eggs on roots of 'rutgers' tomato than on cultivars of wheat, oat, rye, or barley. | 1989 | 19287666 |
| effect of carbamate, organophosphate, and avermectin nematicides on oxygen consumption by three meloidogyne spp. | second-stage juveniles (i2) of meloidogyne arenaria consumed more oxygen (p </= 0.05) than m. incognita j2, which in turn consumed more than m. javanica j2 (4,820, 4,530, and 3,970 mul per hour per g nematode dryweight, respectively). decrease in oxygen consumption depended on the nematicide used. except for aldicarb, there was no differential sensitivity among the three nematode species. meloidogyne javanica had a greater percentage decrease (p </= 0.05) in oxygen uptake when treated with aldic ... | 1989 | 19287640 |
| response of cowpea breeding lines and cultivars to meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. | twenty-four cowpea breeding lines and four cultivars were tested for resistance to meloidogyne incognita in the greenhouse. gall and egg mass ratings indicated a range of responses from susceptible to highly resistant. five breeding lines - vs84-2, vs84-8, vs84-12, vs84-14, and vs84-22 - and the cultivar erectset had gall and egg mass ratings comparable to the m. incognita-resistant cultivar mississippi silver. all of these were also resistant to m. arenaria. significantly fewer m. incognita juv ... | 1987 | 19290274 |
| host suitability of commercial corn hybrids to meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita. | the host suitability of 64 commercial corn hybrids for a meloidogyne arenaria race 2 population and a m. incognita race 4 population was determined in greenhouse experiments. 'northrup king 508' and 'pioneer brand 3147' maintained m. arenaria below and at the initial population level, respectively, indicating that these hybrids are relatively poor hosts for this species. rf values (final egg number/initial egg number) of the hybrids for m. arenaria ranged from 0.8 for northrup king 508 to 42.3 f ... | 1987 | 19290266 |
| sterol composition and ecdysteroid content of eggs of the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita and m. arenaria. | free and esterified sterols of eggs of the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita races 2 and 3 and m. arenaria race 1 were isolated and identified by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. the major sterols of eggs of each race were 24-ethylcholesterol (33.4-38.8% of total sterol), 24-ethylcholestanol (18.3-25.3%), 24-methylcholesterol (8.6-11.7%), 24-methylcholestanol (7.7-12.5%), and cholesterol (4.6-11.6%). consequently, the major metabolic transformation performed by meloidogyne fe ... | 1987 | 19290155 |
| soybean yield as related to rates of 1,3-dichloropropene applied at planting for management of root-knot disease. | 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) at rates of 17.2 to 51.6 liters/ha applied 3 days preplant or at planting significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the amount of galling on roots of soybean grown in sites infested with meloidogyne incognita or m. arenaria. populations of m. incognita second-stage juveniles at harvest were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by all treatments. only the 51.6-liters/ ha treatments and a 3-day preplant 34.4-liters/ha application significantly reduced at-harvest juvenile infestation ... | 1986 | 19294212 |
| interrelationships of meloidogyne arenaria and m. incognita on tolerant soybean. | reproduction of meloidogyne arenaria race 2 was excellent on centennial, govan, and kirby soybeans, the latter two of which have tolerance to this species. the m. incognita race 1 isolate reproduced poorly on centennial, especially at the higher of two temperature regimes. numbers of galls and egg masses of m. arenaria plus m. incognita in simultaneous equivalent infestations on centennial did not differ from sequential infestations in which m. arenaria was added first and m. incognita was added ... | 1986 | 19294149 |
| genotypic differentiation of meloidogyne populations by detection of restriction fragment length difference in total dna. | detection of ecori restriction fragment length differences in repetitive dna sequences permitted the rapid diagnosis, by genotype, of randomly selected populations of meloidogyne incognita, races 1, 2, 3, and 4; m. javanica; m. arenaria, races 1 and 2; and m. hapla, races a and b. | 1986 | 19294145 |
| interactions between six warm-season legumes and three species of root-knot nematodes. | | 1985 | 19294109 |
| activity of chalcones derived from 2,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde against meloidogyne exigua and in silico interaction of one chalcone with a putative caffeic acid 3-o-methyltransferase from meloidogyne incognita. | meloidogyne exigua is a parasitic nematode of plants that causes great losses to coffee farmers. in an effort to develop parasitic controls, 154 chalcones were synthesized and screened for activity against this nematode. the best results were obtained with (2e)-1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-3-(2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (6) with a 50% lethal concentration (lc50) of 171 μg/ml against m. exigua second-stage juveniles, in comparison to the commercially-available nematicide carbofuran which had an ... | 2013 | 24140596 |
| the complex hybrid origins of the root knot nematodes revealed through comparative genomics. | root knot nematodes (rkn) can infect most of the world's agricultural crop species and are among the most important of all plant pathogens. as yet however we have little understanding of their origins or the genomic basis of their extreme polyphagy. the most damaging pathogens reproduce by obligatory mitotic parthenogenesis and it has been suggested that these species originated from interspecific hybridizations between unknown parental taxa. we have sequenced the genome of the diploid meiotic p ... | 2014 | 24860695 |
| evaluation of 31 potential biofumigant brassicaceous plants as hosts for three meloiodogyne species. | brassicaceous cover crops can be used for biofumigation after soil incorporation of the mowed crop. this strategy can be used to manage root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.), but the fact that many of these crops are host to root-knot nematodes can result in an undesired nematode population increase during the cultivation of the cover crop. to avoid this, cover crop cultivars that are poor or nonhosts should be selected. in this study, the host status of 31 plants in the family brassicaceae for ... | 2014 | 25276003 |
| diversity and evolution of root-knot nematodes, genus meloidogyne: new insights from the genomic era. | root-knot nematodes (rkns) (meloidogyne spp.) are obligate endoparasites of major worldwide economic importance. they exhibit a wide continuum of variation in their reproductive strategies, ranging from amphimixis to obligatory mitotic parthenogenesis. molecular phylogenetic studies have highlighted divergence between mitotic and meiotic parthenogenetic rkn species and probable interspecific hybridization as critical steps in their speciation and diversification process. the recent completion of ... | 2013 | 23682915 |
| a gene encoding a peptide with similarity to the plant ida signaling peptide (atida) is expressed most abundantly in the root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) soon after root infection. | small peptides play important roles in intercellular signaling. inflorescence deficient in abscission (ida) is an arabidopsis mutant that does not abscise (shed) its flower petals. the ida gene encodes a small, secreted peptide that putatively binds to two redundant receptor-like kinases (haesa and haesa-like2) that initiate a signal transduction pathway. we identified ida-like (idl) genes in the genomic sequence for meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne hapla. no orthologous sequences were foun ... | 2013 | 23538028 |
| the 8d05 parasitism gene of meloidogyne incognita is required for successful infection of host roots. | parasitism genes encode effector proteins that are secreted through the stylet of root-knot nematodes to dramatically modify selected plant cells into giant-cells for feeding. the mi8d05 parasitism gene previously identified was confirmed to encode a novel protein of 382 amino acids that had only one database homolog identified on contig 2374 within the meloidogyne hapla genome. mi8d05 expression peaked in m. incognita parasitic second-stage juveniles within host roots and its encoded protein wa ... | 2013 | 23294405 |
| characterization of a putative endoxylanase in the migratory plant-parasitic nematode radopholus similis. | plant-parasitic nematodes have developed an arsenal of enzymes to degrade the rigid plant cell wall. in this article, we report the presence of a putative endoxylanase in the migratory endoparasitic nematode radopholus similis. this enzyme is thought to facilitate the migration of the nematode, as it breaks down xylan, the major component of hemicellulose. the corresponding gene (rs-xyl1) was cloned and the sequence revealed three small introns. interestingly, the position of all three introns w ... | 2009 | 19400841 |
| the genomes of root-knot nematodes. | plant-parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and are extremely challenging to control. the recent completion of two root-knot nematode genomes opens the way for a comparative genomics approach to elucidate the success of these parasites. sequencing revealed that meloidogyne hapla, a diploid that reproduces by facultative, meiotic parthenogenesis, encodes approximately 14,200 genes in a compact, 54 mpb genome. indeed, this is the smallest metazoan genome c ... | 2009 | 19400640 |
| effects of meloidogyne spp. and rhizoctonia solani on the growth of grapevine rootings. | a disease complex involving meloidogyne incognita and rhizoctonia solani was associated with stunting of grapevines in a field nursery. nematode reproduction was occurring on both susceptible and resistant cultivars, and pot experiments were conducted to determine the virulence of this m. incognita population, and of m. javanica and m. hapla populations, to v. vinifera cv. colombard (susceptible) and to v. champinii cv. ramsey (regarded locally as highly resistant). the virulence of r. solani is ... | 1997 | 19274149 |
| induced resistance to meloidogyne hapla by other meloidogyne species on tomato and pyrethrum plants. | advance inoculation of the tomato cv. celebrity or the pyrethrum clone 223 with host-incompatible meloidogyne incognita or m. javanica elicited induced resistance to host-compatible m. hapla in pot and field experiments. induced resistance increased with the length of the time between inoculations and with the population density of the induction inoculum. optimum interval before challenge inoculation, or population density of inoculum for inducing resistance, was 10 days, or 5,000 infective nema ... | 1995 | 19277310 |
| influence of photoperiod and temperature on migrations of meloidogyne juveniles. | photoperiod influences the migration of m. incognita juveniles toward tomato roots. approximately 33% migrated vertically 20 cm in 7 days to roots when 12 h dark were alternated with 12 h light. only 7% migrated when light was constant for 24 h. vertical migration of m. incognita juveniles was studied at 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 c. the migration of m. incognita juveniles begins at about 18 c and reaches its maximum at 22 c. the migration of m. hapla and m. incognita juveniles were compared at 14, ... | 1981 | 19300748 |
| root-knot nematodes and the process of ageing in plants. | infection of plants by root-knot nematodes is often accompanied by physiological changes characteristic of ageing. ultra-low tissue luminescence of infected plants indicated oxidation of cell-membrane lipids. cells with membranes subjected to oxidation lose some of their capacity for water retention. treating tomato and radish with lidocaine hydrochloride, an inhibitor of lipid oxidation, retarded above-ground symptoms of root-knot nematode infection and of ageing. | 1978 | 19305822 |
| brassinosteroids act as a positive regulator for resistance against root knot nematode involving respiratory burst oxidase homolog-dependent activation of mapks in tomato. | interplay of hormones with reactive oxygen species (ros) fine-tunes the response of plants to stress, however, the crosstalk between brassinosteroids (brs) and ros in nematode resistance is unclear. in this study, we found that low br biosynthesis or lack of br receptor increased whilst exogenous br decreased the susceptibility of tomato plants to meloidogyne incognita. hormone quantification coupled with hormone mutant complementation experiments revealed that br did not induce the defense resp ... | 2017 | 28370079 |
| new nematotoxic indoloditerpenoid produced by gymnoascus reessii za-130. | chemical investigation of the fungal strain gymnoascus reessii za-130, which was previously isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants infected by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita, led to the isolation and identification of a new indoloditerpenoid metabolite designated gymnoascole acetate. its structure was established by spectroscopic methods including 1d- and 2d-nmr and ms analyses. gymnoascole acetate demonstrated strong adverse effects on m. incognita second-stage juvenile (j ... | 2017 | 28343383 |
| histopathology combined with transcriptome analyses reveals the mechanism of resistance to meloidogyne incognita in cucumis metuliferus. | root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.) cause serious threat to cucumber production. cucumis metuliferus, a relative of cucumber, is reported to be resistant to meloidogyne incognita, yet the underlying resistance mechanism remains unclear. in this study, the response of resistant c. metuliferus accession pi482443 following nematode infection was studied in comparison with susceptible c. sativus cv. jinlv no.3. roots of selected cucumis seedings were analysed using histological and biochemical te ... | 2017 | 28314173 |
| induction of sa-signaling pathway and ethylene biosynthesis in trichoderma harzianum-treated tomato plants after infection of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | salicylic acid-signaling pathway and ethylene biosynthesis were induced in tomato treated with trichoderma harzianum when infected by root-knot nematodes and limited the infection by activation of sar and ethylene production. soil pre-treatment with trichoderma harzianum (th) strains item 908 (t908) and t908-5 decreased susceptibility of tomato to meloidogyne incognita, as assessed by restriction in nematode reproduction and development. the effect of t. harzianum treatments on plant defense was ... | 2017 | 28239746 |
| transcriptome analysis of root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita)-infected tomato (solanum lycopersicum) roots reveals complex gene expression profiles and metabolic networks of both host and nematode during susceptible and resistance responses. | root knot nematodes (rkns, meloidogyne incognita) are economically important endoparasites having a wide-host range. we have taken a comprehensive transcriptomic approach to investigate the expression of both tomato and rkn genes in tomato roots at five infection time intervals from susceptible plants and two infection time intervals from resistant plants, grown under soil conditions. differentially expressed genes during susceptible (1827-tomato, 462-rkn) and resistance (25-tomato, 160-rkn) int ... | 2017 | 28220591 |