| isolation and characterization of a rhizobacterial antagonist of root-knot nematodes. | the rhizobacterial strain jdm2 was isolated from the rhizosphere of the traditional chinese medicinal herb trichosanthes kirilowii in jiangsu province, china, and was identified as bacillus subtilis. exposure of cell-free filtrate of the strain to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita under in vitro conditions caused substantial mortality of the second stage juvenile (j2) and significantly reduced egg hatchability. a greenhouse trial demonstrated that 56 days after treatment with jdm2, th ... | 2014 | 24465828 |
| comparative genomic and functional analyses: unearthing the diversity and specificity of nematicidal factors in pseudomonas putida strain 1a00316. | we isolated pseudomonas putida (p. putida) strain 1a00316 from antarctica. this bacterium has a high efficiency against meloidogyne incognita (m. incognita) in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. the complete genome of p. putida 1a00316 was sequenced using pacbio single molecule real-time (smrt) technology. a comparative genomic analysis of 16 pseudomonas strains revealed that although p. putida 1a00316 belonged to p. putida, it was phenotypically more similar to nematicidal pseudomonas fluor ... | 2016 | 27384076 |
| toward a mechanistic understanding of competition in vascular-feeding herbivores: an empirical test of the sink competition hypothesis. | recent evidence suggests that competitive interactions among herbivores are mostly indirect and mediated by plant responses to herbivory. most studies, however, emphasize chewing insects and secondary chemistry, thus ignoring the diverse group of vascular-parasites that may be more likely to compete through induced changes in phytonutrients. using an aboveground phloem-feeding aphid (myzus persicae) and a belowground gall-forming nematode (meloidogyne incognita) on tobacco plants, we assessed th ... | 2010 | 21181415 |
| ectopic expression of a meloidogyne incognita dorsal gland protein in tobacco accelerates the formation of the nematode feeding site. | meloidogyne spp., plant-parasitic nematodes present worldwide, are intensively studied because of the damage caused to a large variety of agronomically important crops. several reports indicate that proteins from the meloidogyne spp. dorsal gland might play an important role to allow proper establishment of a functional nematode feeding site. the precise role of these proteins in the process of feeding cell development is unknown. to gain insights into the function of these secreted m. incognita ... | 2011 | 21421371 |
| assessment of dapg-producing pseudomonas fluorescens for management of meloidogyne incognita and fusarium oxysporum on watermelon. | pseudomonas fluorescens isolates clinto 1r, wayne 1r, and wood 1r, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: rkn) and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (fon). in a greenhouse trial, wayne 1r root dip suppressed numbers of rkn eggs per gram root on 'charleston gray' watermelon ... | 2016 | 27168652 |
| in vitro antagonistic activity, plant growth promoting traits and phylogenetic affiliation of rhizobacteria associated with wild plants grown in arid soil. | the role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) in adaptation of plants in extreme environments is not yet completely understood. for this study native bacteria were isolated from rhizospeheric arid soils and evaluated for both growth-promoting abilities and antagonistic potential against phytopathogenic fungi and nematodes. the phylogentic affiliation of these representative isolates was also characterized. rhizobacteria associated with 11 wild plant species from the arid soil of almadi ... | 2014 | 25538687 |
| meloidogyne incognita - rice (oryza sativa) interaction: a new model system to study plant-root-knot nematode interactions in monocotyledons. | plant-parasitic nematodes developed strategies to invade and colonize their host plants, including expression of immune suppressors to overcome host defenses. meloidogyne graminicola and m. incognita are root-knot nematode (rkn) species reported to damage rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivated in upland and irrigated systems. despite m. incognita wide host range, study of the molecular plant - rkn interaction has been so far limited to a few dicotyledonous model plants. the aim of this study was to i ... | 2014 | 26224554 |
| enhancing the virulence of paecilomyces lilacinus against meloidogyne incognita eggs by overexpression of a serine protease. | to enhance the virulence of paecilomyces lilacinus against meloidogyne incognita eggs, a serine protease was overexpressed in p. lilacinus 9410 (pl9410). the cdna of a mature serine protease gene was cloned from pl9410 and integrated into the genomes of pl9410 transformants through agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. our results confirmed that the serine protease gene was overexpressed at the transcriptional level, and that the serine protease activities were enhanced in the trans ... | 2010 | 20473777 |
| suppression of the root-knot nematode [meloidogyne incognita (kofoid & white) chitwood] on tomato by dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) have potential for the biocontrol of soil-borne diseases. the objectives of this study were to quantify the interactions between am fungi [glomus versiforme (karsten) berch and glomus mosseae (nicol. & gerd.) gerdemann & trappe] and pgpr [bacillus polymyxa (prazmowski) mace and bacillus sp.] during colonization of roots and rhizosphere of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) plants (cultivar jinguan), and to deter ... | 2011 | 21755407 |
| management of root knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita in cucumber (cucumis sativus) using silicon. | silicon (si) has been reported to effectively manage some pests and diseases of plants. this study was conducted to determine the effect of si concentration, mode, and frequency of application in managing meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. a susceptible cultivar of cucumber (cv. cyclone) was planted in pots containing heat-sterilized soil. three weeks after planting, the plants were inoculated with 1,000 juveniles/ pot. uninoculated plants were provided to serve as control. three concentrations ... | 2010 | 21539270 |
| transcriptome analysis shows differential gene expression in the saprotrophic to parasitic transition of pochonia chlamydosporia. | expression profiles were identified in the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia, a biological control agent of plant parasitic nematodes, through a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism approach. two isolates with different host ranges, imi 380407 and imi 331547, were assayed in conditions of saprotrophic-to-parasitic transition, through in vitro assays. gene expression profiles from three different nutritional conditions and four sampling times were generated, with eggs of host nematodes globod ... | 2011 | 21541788 |
| the rhizoctonia-meloidogyne disease complex in flue-cured tobacco. | if meloidogyne incognita preceded rhizoctonia solani by 10 days or 21 days in roots of greenhouse-grown tobacco plants, root rot was more extensive than when the nematode and fungus were introduced either simultaneously or separately or when r. solani was added after artificial wounding. histological examination of galled roots 72 days after inoculation with r. solani revealed extensive fungal colonization in the root-knot susceptible cultivar 'dixie bright 101' when m. incognita preceded r. sol ... | 1971 | 19322362 |
| effects of tagetes patula on active and inactive stages of root-knot nematodes. | although marigold (tagetes patula) is known to produce allelopathic compounds toxic to plant-parasitic nematodes, suppression of meloidogyne incognita can be inconsistent. two greenhouse experiments were conducted to test whether marigold is more effective in suppressing meloidogyne spp. when it is active rather than dormant. soils infested with meloidogyne spp. were collected and conditioned in the greenhouse either by 1) keeping the soil dry (dry), 2) irrigating with water (irr), or 3) drenchi ... | 2012 | 23482862 |
| rnai effector diversity in nematodes. | while rna interference (rnai) has been deployed to facilitate gene function studies in diverse helminths, parasitic nematodes appear variably susceptible. to test if this is due to inter-species differences in rnai effector complements, we performed a primary sequence similarity survey for orthologs of 77 caenorhabditis elegans rnai pathway proteins in 13 nematode species for which genomic or transcriptomic datasets were available, with all outputs subjected to domain-structure verification. our ... | 2011 | 21666793 |
| synergistic activity between bacillus thuringiensis cry6aa and cry55aa toxins against meloidogyne incognita. | plant-parasitic nematodes are the most destructive group of plant pathogens worldwide and are extremely challenging to control. some bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins are highly toxic to the plant-parasitic nematode meloidogyne incognita. in this study, the nematicidal crystal proteins cry6aa, cry5ba and cry55aa were tested against m. incognita to select the best toxin combination for its management. the results showed that a combination of cry6aa and cry55aa showed significant synergistic ... | 2011 | 21923640 |
| predicting damage of meloidogyne incognita on watermelon. | quantitative growth response of watermelon (citrullus lanatus) sensitive to meloidogyne incognita is poorly understood. determination of soil population densities of second-stage juveniles (j2) of m. incognita with baermann funnel extraction often is inaccurate at low soil temperatures. in greenhouse experiments, three sandy soils were inoculated with dilution series of population densities of eggs or j2 of m. incognita and planted in small containers to watermelon 'royal sweet' or subjected to ... | 2012 | 23482631 |
| effect of nemacur, an organophosphate nematicide, on meloidogyne incognita and its possible mode of action. | | 2009 | 2820870 |
| evaluation of an antibiotic-producing strain of pseudomonas fluorescens for suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes. | the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg), produced by some strains of pseudomonas spp., is involved in suppression of several fungal root pathogens as well as plant-parasitic nematodes. the primary objective of this study was to determine whether wood1r, a d-genotype strain of dapg-producing p. fluorescens, suppresses numbers of both sedentary and migratory plant-parasitic nematodes. an experiment was conducted in steam-heated soil and included two seed treatments (with wood1r and a cont ... | 2009 | 22736820 |
| plant genetic background increasing the efficiency and durability of major resistance genes to root-knot nematodes can be resolved into a few resistance qtls. | with the banning of most chemical nematicides, the control of root-knot nematodes (rkns) in vegetable crops is now based essentially on the deployment of single, major resistance genes (r-genes). however, these genes are rare and their efficacy is threatened by the capacity of rkns to adapt. in pepper, several dominant r-genes are effective against rkns, and their efficacy and durability have been shown to be greater in a partially resistant genetic background. however, the genetic determinants ... | 2016 | 27242835 |
| efficacy evaluation of fungus syncephalastrum racemosum and nematicide avermectin against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita on cucumber. | the root-knot nematode (rkn) is one of the most damaging agricultural pests.effective biological control is need for controlling this destructive pathogen in organic farming system. during october 2010 to 2011, the nematicidal effects of the syncephalastrum racemosum fungus and the nematicide, avermectin, alone or combined were tested against the rkn (meloidogyne incognita) on cucumber under pot and field condition in china. under pot conditions, the application of s. racemosum alone or combined ... | 2014 | 24586982 |
| sustainable approaches to the management of plant-parasitic nematodes and disease complexes. | physical, chemical, and biological factors of soil may reduce damage caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes is particularly challenging in soils in which there are short crop sequences, sequential susceptible host crops, or infestations of multiple nematode species. in southern indiana, a watermelon production system involving rotations with soybean and corn does not suppress meloidogyne incognita, but several aspects of such systems can be modified to redu ... | 2011 | 22791923 |
| influence of infection of cotton by rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita on the production of enzymes involved in systemic acquired resistance. | systemic acquired resistance (sar), which results in enhanced defense mechanisms in plants, can be elicited by virulent and avirulent strains of pathogens including nematodes. recent studies of nematode reproduction strongly suggest that meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis induce sar in cotton, but biochemical evidence of sar was lacking. our objective was to determine whether infection of cotton by m. incognita and r. reniformis increases the levels of p-peroxidase, g-peroxidase, ... | 2011 | 23431029 |
| bacillus cereus strain s2 shows high nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita by producing sphingosine. | plant-parasitic nematodes cause serious crop losses worldwidely. this study intended to discover the antagonistic mechanism of bacillus cereus strain s2 against meloidogyne incognita. treatment with b. cereus strain s2 resulted in a mortality of 77.89% to caenorhabditis elegans (a model organism) and 90.96% to m. incognita. in pot experiment, control efficiency of b. cereus s2 culture or supernatants were 81.36% and 67.42% towards m. incognita, respectively. in field experiment, control efficien ... | 2016 | 27338781 |
| biological control of meloidogyne incognita by aspergillus niger f22 producing oxalic acid. | restricted usage of chemical nematicides has led to development of environmentally safe alternatives. a culture filtrate of aspergillus niger f22 was highly active against meloidogyne incognita with marked mortality of second-stage juveniles (j2s) and inhibition of egg hatching. the nematicidal component was identified as oxalic acid by organic acid analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). exposure to 2 mmol/l oxalic acid resulted in 100% juvenile mortality at 1 day after treat ... | 2016 | 27258452 |
| a nematode calreticulin, rs-crt, is a key effector in reproduction and pathogenicity of radopholus similis. | radopholus similis is a migratory plant-parasitic nematode that causes severe damage to many agricultural and horticultural crops. calreticulin (crt) is a ca2+-binding multifunctional protein that plays key roles in the parasitism, immune evasion, reproduction and pathogenesis of many animal parasites and plant nematodes. therefore, crt is a promising target for controlling r. similis. in this study, we obtained the full-length sequence of the crt gene from r. similis (rs-crt), which is 1,527-bp ... | 2015 | 26061142 |
| tm1: a mutator/foldback transposable element family in root-knot nematodes. | three closely related parthenogenetic species of root-knot nematodes, collectively termed the meloidogyne incognita-group, are economically significant pathogens of diverse crop species. remarkably, these asexual root-knot nematodes are capable of acquiring heritable changes in virulence even though they lack sexual reproduction and meiotic recombination. characterization of a near isogenic pair of m. javanica strains differing in response to tomato with the nematode resistance gene mi-1 showed ... | 2011 | 21931741 |
| in vitro proteolysis of nematode fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) by preparations from a free-living nematode ( panagrellus redivivus) and two plant-parasitic nematodes ( heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita). | proteolytic activities in extracts from three nematodes, the plant parasites heterodera glycines and meloidogyne incognita, and the free-living panagrellus redivivus, were surveyed for substrate preferences using a battery of seven fret-modified peptide substrates, all derived from members of the large fmrf-amide like peptide (flp) family in nematodes. overall protease activity in p. redivivus was four- to fivefold greater than in either of the parasites, a result that might reflect developmenta ... | 2011 | 21392420 |
| characterization of thermo- and detergent stable antigenic glycosylated cysteine protease of euphorbia nivulia buch.-ham. and evaluation of its ecofriendly applications. | an antigenic glycosylated cysteine protease has been purified from the latex of euphorbia nivulia buch.-ham. it exhibits remarkable protease activity in the presence of metal ions, oxidizing agents, organic solvents, and detergents. this enzyme showed potential role in leather processing industry due to its dehairing activity for animal hide without hydrolyzing fibrous proteins, producing, by this way, a better quality product. the enzyme can also be used for silver recovering from x-ray plates. ... | 2013 | 24348183 |
| effects of soil fumigants and aldicarb on nematodes, tuber quality, and yield in potato. | efficacy of the fumigants ethylene dibromide (edb), edb + chloropicrin, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) applied with one or three chisels per row, singly or in combination with aldicarb, was evaluated in 1982 and 1983 on potato (solanum tuberosum) cultivars atlantic and sebago for control of several nematodes, including belonolaimus longicaudatus, meloidogyne incognita, and trichodorids. generally, nematode populations were lowest following application of fumigants with three chisels per row, fo ... | 1990 | 19287794 |
| induction of systemic acquired resistance by rotylenchulus reniformis and meloidogyne incognita in cotton following separate and concomitant inoculations. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) can be elicited by virulent and avirulent pathogenic strains and sar against plant-parasitic nematodes has been documented. our objective was to determine whether co-infection of cotton by meloidogyne incognita and rotylenchulus reniformis affects the population level of either nematode compared to infection by each species individually. split-root trials were conducted in which plants were inoculated with i) r. reniformis only, ii) m. incognita only, iii) both ... | 2011 | 23430318 |
| bioprospecting for secondary metabolites in the entomopathogenic bacterium photorhabdus luminescens subsp. sonorensis. | crude extracts of in vitro and in vivo cultures of two strains of photorhabdus l. sonorensis (enterobacteriaceae) were analyzed by tlc, hplc-uv and lc-ms. nine unique compounds with mass/charge ratios (m/z) ranging from 331.3 to 713.5 were found in ms analyses. bioactivity of extracts was assessed on a selection of plant pathogens/pests and non-target species. caborca strain extracts showed the highest activity against helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) neonates at all concentrations teste ... | 2016 | 27702563 |
| control of nematodes and soil-borne diseases in florida potatoes with aldicarb and 1,3-d. | yields of u.s. size a potato tubers were increased by 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) (56 liters/ha) and 1,3-d (56 liters/ha) + aldicarb (3.4 kg/ha) in 1982 and 1983 and by aldicarb (3.4 kg/ha) in 1982. treatments that included aldicarb provided the best control of corky ringspot disease, whereas those including 1,3-d were more effective against bacterial wilt. the most effective nematode control (nematodes included meloidogyne incognita, belonolaimus longicaudatus, trichodorids, criconemella ornata ... | 1990 | 19287795 |
| mining novel effector proteins from the esophageal gland cells of meloidogyne incognita. | meloidogyne incognita is one of the most economically damaging plant pathogens in agriculture and horticulture. identifying and characterizing the effector proteins which m. incognita secretes into its host plants during infection is an important step toward finding new ways to manage this pest. in this study, we have identified the cdnas for 18 putative effectors (i.e., proteins that have the potential to facilitate m. incognita parasitism of host plants). these putative effectors are secretory ... | 2014 | 24875667 |
| population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita on corn grown in soil in fested with arthrobotrys conoides. | microplot and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil incorporation of the nematophagous fungus arthrobotrys conoides and green alfalfa mulch on the population dynamics of meloidogyne incognita on corn. reproduction of m. incognita and the incidence of root galling were reduced by the addition of a. conoides and/or green alfalfa in all tests. numbers of juveniles were reduced by as much as 84%, and eggs were fewest in early to mid-season soil samples from microplots ... | 1982 | 19295673 |
| biocontrol efficacy among strains of pochonia chlamydosporia obtained from a root-knot nematode suppressive soil. | three pochonia chlamydosporia var. chlamydosporia strains were isolated from a meloidogyne incognita-suppressive soil, and then genetically characterized with multiple pochonia-selective typing methods based on analysis of ß-tubulin, rrna internal transcribed spacer (its), rrna small subunit (ssu), and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) pcr. all strains exhibited different patterns with the eric analysis. strains 1 and 4 were similar with pcr analysis of ß-tubulin and its. th ... | 2012 | 23483846 |
| histological mechanisms of the resistance conferred by the ma gene against meloidogyne incognita in prunus spp. | the ma gene from myrobalan plum is a tnl gene that confers a high-level resistance to all root-knot nematodes of major economic importance, including meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, m. arenaria, and m. enterolobii. the nematode behavior in the roots and the corresponding histological mechanisms of the ma resistance to m. incognita in the resistant (r) accessions of the plum 'p.2175' and the interspecific hybrid p.2175×almond-peach '35', carrying the ma1 allele (ma1/ma), were characterized in ... | 2011 | 21446787 |
| transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing arabidopsis npr1 show enhanced resistance to root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita. | abstract: in arabidopsis, non-expressor of pathogenesis related genes-1, npr1 has been shown to be a positive regulator of the salicylic acid controlled systemic acquired resistance pathway and modulates the cross talk between sa and ja signaling. transgenic plants expressing atnpr1 constitutively exhibited resistance against pathogens as well as herbivory. in the present study, tobacco transgenic plants expressing atnpr1 were studied further for their response to infection by the sedentary endo ... | 2011 | 21722410 |
| efficacy of root-associated fungi and pgpr on the growth of pisum sativum (cv. arkil) and reproduction of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | the effects of root-associated fungi (aspergillus awamori and glomus mosseae) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) (pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas alcaligenes and paenibacillus polymyxa) were studied alone and in combination in glasshouse experiments on the growth of pea, enzyme activity (peroxidase and catalase) and reproduction of root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. application of a. awamori, g. mosseae and pgpr caused a significant increase in pea growth and enzyme activitie ... | 2013 | 22915081 |
| development of primetime-real-time pcr for species identification of soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines ichinohe, 1952) in north carolina. | soybean cyst nematode (scn) is an obligate, sedentary parasite that is a major pathogen of soybean and accounts for an estimated 1 billion dollars in production losses annually in the united states of america. this paper describes the development of a real-time pcr method for rapid, sensitive, species-specific and accurate identification of scn alone or on mixed populations with other nematodes in north carolina. the 83-bp dna fragment of primetime-real-time pcr was designed based on a 477-bp-sc ... | 2012 | 23481469 |
| variable rate application of nematicides on cotton fields: a promising site-specific management strategy. | field tests were conducted to determine if differences in response to nematicide application (i.e., root-knot nematode (rkn) populations, cotton yield, and profitability) occurred among rkn management zones (mz). the mz were delineated using fuzzy clustering of five terrain (tr) and edaphic (ed) field features related to soil texture: apparent soil electrical conductivity shallow (eca-shallow) and deep (eca-deep), elevation (el), slope (sl), and changes in bare soil reflectance. zones with lowes ... | 2012 | 23482903 |
| comprehensive transcriptome profiling in tomato reveals a role for glycosyltransferase in mi-mediated nematode resistance. | root-knot nematode (rkn; meloidogyne spp.) is a major crop pathogen worldwide. effective resistance exists for a few plant species, including that conditioned by mi in tomato (solanum lycopersicum). we interrogated the root transcriptome of the resistant (mi+) and susceptible (mi-) cultivars 'motelle' and 'moneymaker,' respectively, during a time-course infection by the mi-susceptible rkn species meloidogyne incognita and the mi-resistant species meloidogyne hapla. in the absence of rkn infectio ... | 2007 | 17434994 |
| bacterial mixture from greenhouse soil as a biocontrol agent against root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita, on oriental melon. | the biological control efficacy of a greenhouse soil bacterial mixture of lactobacillus farraginis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis strains with antinematode activity was evaluated against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. two control groups planted in soil drenched with sterile distilled water or treated with the broadspectrum carbamate pesticide carbofuran were used for comparison. the results suggest that the bacterial mixture is effective as a biocontrol agent against ... | 2012 | 22297227 |
| a novel serine protease, sep1, from bacillus firmus ds-1 has nematicidal activity and degrades multiple intestinal-associated nematode proteins. | plant-parasitic nematodes (ppns) cause serious harm to agricultural production. bacillus firmus shows excellent control of ppns and has been produced as a commercial nematicide. however, its nematicidal factors and mechanisms are still unknown. in this study, we showed that b. firmus strain ds-1 has high toxicity against meloidogyne incognita and soybean cyst nematode. we sequenced the whole genome of ds-1 and identified multiple potential virulence factors. we then focused on a peptidase s8 sup ... | 2016 | 27118554 |
| anticholinesterasic, nematostatic and anthelmintic activities of pyridinic and pyrazinic compounds. | in the search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as a potential target for the discovery of anthelmintic drugs, a series of 27 pyridinic and pyrazinic compounds have been designed on the basis of molecular hybridization of two known ache inhibitors, namely, tacrine and (-)-3-o-acetylspectaline, and on the concept of isosterism. the synthesized compounds generally presented moderate anticholinesterasic activities when compared with the positive control physostigmine, but one compound (ethyl 2-[( ... | 2011 | 21728957 |
| ectopic expression of atpad4 broadens resistance of soybean to soybean cyst and root-knot nematodes. | the gene encoding pad4 (phytoalexin-deficient4) is required in arabidopsis for expression of several genes involved in the defense response to pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. atpad4 (arabidopsis thaliana pad4) encodes a lipase-like protein that plays a regulatory role mediating salicylic acid signaling. | 2013 | 23617694 |
| exploitation of microbes for enhancing bacoside content and reduction of meloidogyne incognita infestation in bacopa monnieri l. | despite the vast exploration of rhizospheric microbial wealth for crop yield enhancement, knowledge about the efficacy of microbial agents as biocontrol weapons against root-knot disease is scarce, especially in medicinal plants, viz., bacopa monnieri. in the present investigation, rhizospheric microbes, viz., bacillus megaterium, glomus intraradices, trichoderma harzianum thu, and their combinations were evaluated for the management of meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood and bacos ... | 2015 | 24841892 |
| apoplastic venom allergen-like proteins of cyst nematodes modulate the activation of basal plant innate immunity by cell surface receptors. | despite causing considerable damage to host tissue during the onset of parasitism, nematodes establish remarkably persistent infections in both animals and plants. it is thought that an elaborate repertoire of effector proteins in nematode secretions suppresses damage-triggered immune responses of the host. however, the nature and mode of action of most immunomodulatory compounds in nematode secretions are not well understood. here, we show that venom allergen-like proteins of plant-parasitic ne ... | 2014 | 25500833 |
| involvement of nitric oxide in the jasmonate-dependent basal defense against root-knot nematode in tomato plants. | jasmonic acid (ja) and nitric oxide (no) are well-characterized signaling molecules in plant defense responses. however, their roles in plant defense against root-knot nematode (rkn, meloidogyne incognita) infection are largely unknown. in this study, we found that the transcript levels of the ja- and no-related biosynthetic and signaling component genes were induced after rkn infection. application of exogenous ja and sodium nitroprusside (snp; a no donor) significantly decreased the number of ... | 2015 | 25914698 |
| fine mapping and identification of candidate genes for a qtl affecting meloidogyne incognita reproduction in upland cotton. | the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita; rkn) is one of the most important economic pests of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). host plant resistance, the ability of a plant to suppress nematode reproduction, is the most economical, practical, and environmentally sound method to provide protection against this subterranean pest. the resistant line auburn 623rnr and a number of elite breeding lines derived from it remain the most important source of root-knot nematode (rkn) res ... | 2016 | 27503539 |
| mi-1-mediated resistance to meloidogyne incognita in tomato may not rely on ethylene but hormone perception through etr3 participates in limiting nematode infection in a susceptible host. | root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne spp., are important pests of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and resistance to the three most prevalent species of this genus, including meloidogyne incognita, is mediated by the mi-1 gene. mi-1 encodes a nucleotide binding (nb) leucine-rich repeat (lrr) resistance (r) protein. ethylene (et) is required for the resistance mediated by a subset of nb-lrr proteins and its role in mi-1-mediated nematode resistance has not been characterized. infection of tomato roots w ... | 2013 | 23717408 |
| vx211, a vigorous new walnut hybrid clone with nematode tolerance and a useful resistance mechanism. | vx211 is a highly vigorous paradox hybrid clone that outgrew other walnut seedlings in the presence of nematodes. a four-year macroplot trial involving paradox vx211 and a standard paradox selection, ax1, demonstrated that the damage threshold level of pratylenchus vulnus on commercially available walnut rootstocks is < 1 nematode/250 cm³ of soil. using 1 as the initial population level (pi) within an inoculation zone of 80 l of soil, the p. vulnus population level increased 2,500-fold in the fi ... | 2009 | 22736816 |
| relationships between initial population densities of meloidogyne incognita race 2 and nematode population development in terms of variable soybean resistance. | the effect of increasing initial population density levels (pi) of meloidogyne incognita race 2 on nematode population development and yield of a susceptible (prima2000) and resistant (ls5995) soybean cultivar was investigated. two experiments, one in a hail net cage and one in microplots, were conducted one each during two consecutive growing seasons at potchefstroom in the north west province of south africa. nematode reproduction was assessed by determining the number of eggs and second-stage ... | 2010 | 22736837 |
| analysis and functional classification of transcripts from the nematode meloidogyne incognita. | plant parasitic nematodes are major pathogens of most crops. molecular characterization of these species as well as the development of new techniques for control can benefit from genomic approaches. as an entrée to characterizing plant parasitic nematode genomes, we analyzed 5,700 expressed sequence tags (ests) from second-stage larvae (l2) of the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | 2003 | 12702207 |
| effects of solarization and ammonium amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. | the effects of soil solarization and ammonium bicarbonate or ammonium sulfate against plant-parasitic nematodes on yellow squash (cucurbita pepo) and on vinca (catharanthus roseus) were evaluated at two sites. solarization for 3 weeks in the spring suppressed population levels of belonolaimus longicaudatus, criconemella spp., and dolichodorus heterocephalus throughout the growing season on both crops at both sites. levels of meloidogyne incognita were suppressed initially, but population densiti ... | 2000 | 19271007 |
| alcaligenes faecalis zd02, a novel nematicidal bacterium with an extracellular serine protease virulence factor. | root knot nematodes (rkns) are the world's most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes (ppns), and they can infect almost all crops. at present, harmful chemical nematicides are applied to control rkns. using microbial nematicides has been proposed as a better management strategy than chemical control. in this study, we describe a novel nematicidal bacterium named alcaligenes faecalis zd02. a. faecalis zd02 was isolated from caenorhabditis elegans cadavers and has nematostatic and nematicidal activi ... | 2016 | 26826227 |
| pinpointing genes underlying the quantitative trait loci for root-knot nematode resistance in palaeopolyploid soybean by whole genome resequencing. | the objective of this study was to use next-generation sequencing technologies to dissect quantitative trait loci (qtl) for southern root-knot nematode (rkn) resistance into individual genes in soybean. two hundred forty-six recombinant inbred lines (ril) derived from a cross between magellan (susceptible) and pi 438489b (resistant) were evaluated for rkn resistance in a greenhouse and sequenced at an average of 0.19× depth. a sequence analysis pipeline was developed to identify and validate sin ... | 2013 | 23898176 |
| mutations in acetylcholinesterase2 (ace2) increase the insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to fosthiazate in the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita causes severe damage to continuously cropping vegetables. the control of this nematode relies heavily on organophosphate nematicides in china. here, we described resistance to the organophosphate nematicide fosthiazate in a greenhouse-collected resistant population (rp) and a laboratory susceptible population (sp) of m. incognita. fosthiazate was 2.74-fold less toxic to nematodes from rp than that from sp. quantitative real-time pcr revealed that the ... | 2016 | 27897265 |
| effect of volatile organic compounds from bacteria on nematodes. | the five studied bacterial strains could produce volatile organic compounds (vocs) that kill nematodes. based on their 16s rrna sequences, these strains were identified as pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum, wautersiella falsenii, proteus hauseri, arthrobacter nicotianae, and achromobacter xylosoxidans. the bacterial vocs were extracted using solid-phase micro-extraction (spme) and subsequently identified by gc/ms analysis. the vocs covered a wide range of aldehydes, ketones, alkyls, alcohols, al ... | 2015 | 26363885 |
| the complete genome sequence of alcaligenes faecalis zd02, a novel potential bionematocide. | root-knot nematodes (rkns) can infect almost all crops, and result in huge economic losses in agriculture. there is no effective and environmentally safe means available to control rkns. alcaligenes faecalis zd02 isolated from free living nematode caenorhabditis elegans cadavers shows toxicity against rkn meloidogyne incognita, that makes this strain to be a good bionematicide candidate for controlling of rkns. here, we firstly report the complete genome of a. faecalis zd02 and describe its feat ... | 2016 | 26656226 |
| development, distribution, and host studies of the fungus macrobiotophthoira vermicola (entomophthorales). | the life cycle and host range of macrobiotophthora vermicola were studied. secondary spores produced from forcibly ejected primary spores adhered to the cuticle of cruznema tripartitum, germinated, and penetrated the cuticle within 30 minutes. new primary spores were produced within 24 hours of initial spore adhesion. in a host range study, species of rhabditidae, diplogasteridae, and aphelenchoidea were hosts, but not species of bunonematidae, tripylidae, cephalobida, or tylenchina. numbers of ... | 1990 | 19287687 |
| the effect of arthrobotrys conoides on meloidogyne incognita population densities in corn as influenced by temperature, fungus inoculum density, and time of fungus introduction in the soil. | in greenhouse experiments, the effect of arthrobotrys conoides on meloidogyne incognita population densities as affected by soil temperature, inoculum density, and green alfalfa was determined. the effect on m. incognita population densities was greater at a soil temperature of 25 c than at 18 or 32 c. nematode control by a. conoides was most effective when the fungus was introduced into the soil 2 wk prior to nematode inoculation and planting of corn. inoculum density of a. conoides was positiv ... | 1982 | 19295692 |
| nematicidal key precursors for the biosynthesis of morphological regulatory arthrosporols in nematode-trapping fungus arthrobotrys oligospora. | arthrobotrys oligospora is the first recognized nematode-trapping fungus and by far the most abundant in the environment. our recent study revealed the polyketide synthase (pks) gene aol_s00215g283 in a. oligospora involved in the production of many secondary metabolites and the trap formation of the fungus. here we report that the disruption of two genes in the upstream flanking region of the gene aol_s00215g283, aol_s00215g281 and aol_s00215g282, which putatively encoded one amidohydrolase and ... | 2016 | 27723963 |
| arthrobotrys oligospora-mediated biological control of diseases of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) caused by meloidogyne incognita and rhizoctonia solani. | to study the biocontrol potential of nematode-trapping fungus arthrobotrys oligospora in protecting tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) against meloidogyne incognita and rhizoctonia solani under greenhouse and field conditions. | 2013 | 22963133 |
| genomes of parasitic nematodes (meloidogyne hapla, meloidogyne incognita, ascaris suum and brugia malayi) have a reduced complement of small rna interference pathway genes: knockdown can reduce host infectivity of m. incognita. | the discovery of rna interference (rnai) as an endogenous mechanism of gene regulation in a range of eukaryotes has resulted in its extensive use as a tool for functional genomic studies. it is important to study the mechanisms which underlie this phenomenon in different organisms, and in particular to understand details of the effectors that modulate its effectiveness. the aim of this study was to identify and compare genomic sequences encoding genes involved in the rnai pathway of four parasit ... | 2016 | 27126863 |
| isolation and identification of nematode-antagonistic compounds from the fungus aspergillus candidus. | culture medium from an isolate of the fungus aspergillus candidus was extracted, fractionated and examined to discover compounds antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes that are important pathogens of agricultural crops. column, thin layer and preparative chromatographies and spectral and elemental analyses, were used to isolate and identify two major constituents of an active fraction (fraction f) obtained from the medium. compound 1 was identified as 2-hydroxypropane-1, 2, 3-tricarboxylic ac ... | 2016 | 26850440 |
| the role of a phospholipase (pld) in virulence of purpureocillium lilacinum (paecilomyces lilacinum). | phospholipases are key enzymes in pathogenic fungi that cleave host phospholipids, resulting in membrane destabilization and host cell penetration. however, understanding the role of phospholipases on the virulence of the filamentous fungus purpureocillium lilacinum has been still rather limited. in this study, pld gene was characterized. it encodes the protein phospholipase d (pld) in p. lilacinum. this gene, 3303 bp open reading frame fragment (orf), encodes a protein of 1100 amino acids with ... | 2015 | 26026833 |
| nematicidal activity of kojic acid produced by aspergillus oryzae against meloidogyne incognita. | the fungal strain eml-dml3pna1 isolated from leaf of white dogwood (cornus alba l.) showed strong nematicidal activity with juvenile mortality of 87.6% at a concentration of 20% fermentation broth filtrate at 3 days after treatment. the active fungal strain was identified as aspergillus oryzae, which belongs to section flavi, based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the its rdna, calmodulin (cam), and β-tubulin (bena) genes. the strain reduced the ph value to 5.62 afte ... | 2016 | 27197670 |
| actin-depolymerizing factor2-mediated actin dynamics are essential for root-knot nematode infection of arabidopsis. | reorganization of the actin and microtubule networks is known to occur in targeted vascular parenchymal root cells upon infection with the nematode meloidogyne incognita. here, we show that actin-depolymerizing factor (adf) is upregulated in the giant feeding cells of arabidopsis thaliana that develop upon nematode infection and that knockdown of a specific adf isotype inhibits nematode proliferation. analysis of the levels of transcript and the localization of seven adf genes shows that five ar ... | 2009 | 19794115 |
| knocking-down meloidogyne incognita proteases by plant-delivered dsrna has negative pleiotropic effect on nematode vigor. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita causes serious damage and yield losses in numerous important crops worldwide. analysis of the m. incognita genome revealed a vast number of proteases belonging to five different catalytic classes. several reports indicate that m. incognita proteases could play important roles in nematode parasitism, besides their function in ordinary digestion of giant cell contents for feeding. the precise roles of these proteins during parasitism however are still u ... | 2013 | 24392004 |
| the nematicidal effect of some bacterial biofertilizers on meloidogyne incognita in sandy soil. | in a greenhouse experiment, the nematicidal effect of some bacterial biofertilizers including the nitrogen fixing bacteria (nfb) paenibacillus polymyxa (four strains), the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (psb) bacillus megaterium (three strains) and the potassium solubilizing bacteria (ksb) b. circulans (three strains) were evaluated individually on tomato plants infested with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita in potted sandy soil. comparing with the uninoculated nematode-infested con ... | 2011 | 24031611 |
| nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides. | plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) seriously threaten global food security. conventionally an integrated approach to ppn management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns. this progressive withdrawal has left a significant shortcoming in our ability to manage these economically important parasites, and highlights the need for novel and robust control methods. nematodes can assimilate exog ... | 2017 | 28241060 |
| bacterial antagonists of fungal pathogens also control root-knot nematodes by induced systemic resistance of tomato plants. | the potential of bacterial antagonists of fungal pathogens to control the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita was investigated under greenhouse conditions. treatment of tomato seeds with several strains significantly reduced the numbers of galls and egg masses compared with the untreated control. best performed bacillus subtilis isolates sb4-23, mc5-re2, and mc2-re2, which were further studied for their mode of action with regard to direct effects by bacterial metabolites or repellents, and ... | 2014 | 24587352 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-dimethoxystilbene analogs. | in our continuing effort to discover natural product-based pest management agents, derivatives of 3,5-dimethoxystilbene were synthesized yielding 27 new and six known compounds. compounds 11 and 12 showed strong aedes aegypti larvicidal activity (lc50 45.31 and 49.93 μm, respectively). furthermore, 11 and 12 exhibited high effectiveness against larvae of pesticide-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant strains of ae. aegypti; activity against the adult mosquitoes was low. compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i ... | 2016 | 27450661 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of a gene operon for trans-aconitic acid, a novel nematicide from bacillus thuringiensis. | trans-aconitic acid (taa) is an isomer of cis-aconitic acid (caa), an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that is synthesized by aconitase. although taa production has been detected in bacteria and plants for many years and is known to be a potent inhibitor of aconitase, its biosynthetic origins and the physiological relevance of its activity have remained unclear. we have serendipitously uncovered key information relevant to both of these questions. specifically, in a search for novel ... | 2017 | 28087696 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus thuringiensis yc-10, a novel active strain against plant-parasitic nematodes. | bacillus thuringiensis is an important microbial biopesticide for controlling agricultural pests by the production of toxic parasporal crystals proteins.here,we report the finished annotated genome sequence of b. thuringiensis yc-10,which is highly toxic to nematodes.the complete genome sequence consists of a circular chromosome and nine circular plasmids,which the biggest plasmid harbors six parasporal crystals proteins genes consisting of cry1aa, cry1ac, cry1ia, cry2aa, cry2ab and cryb1. the c ... | 2015 | 26100235 |
| evaluation of amino acids as turfgrass nematicides. | laboratory experiments revealed that dl-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl analog at rates of 224 and 448 kg amino acid/ha reduced the number of belonolaimus longicaudatus mixed life-stages and meloidogyne incognita j2 in soil, whereas l-threonine and lysine were not effective in reducing the number of either nematode. futhermore, greenhouse experiments demonstrated that dl-methionine, sodium methionate, potassium methionate, and methionine hydroxyl anal ... | 2010 | 22736861 |
| effect of sorghum-sudangrass and velvetbean cover crops on plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potato production in florida. | in a 3-year field study, population densities of belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields were compared between potato (solanum tuberosum) cropping systems where either sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. arundinaceum) or velvetbean (mucuna pruriens) was grown as a summer cover crop. population densities of b. longicaudatus, paratrichodorus minor, tylenchorhynchus sp., and mesocriconema sp. increased on sorghum-sudangrass. population densities of p. min ... | 2001 | 19265888 |
| effects of potato-cotton cropping systems and nematicides on plant-parasitic nematodes and crop yields. | belonolaimus longicaudatus has been reported as damaging both potato (solanum tuberosum) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum). these crops are not normally grown in cropping systems together in areas where the soil is infested with b. longicaudatus. during the 1990s cotton was grown in a potato production region that was a suitable habitat for b. longicaudatus. it was not known how integrating the production of these two crops by rotation or double-cropping would affect the population densities of b. ... | 2000 | 19270980 |
| analysis of root-knot nematode and fusarium wilt disease resistance in cotton (gossypium spp.) using chromosome substitution lines from two alien species. | chromosome substitution (cs) lines in plants are a powerful genetic resource for analyzing the contribution of chromosome segments to phenotypic variance. in this study, a series of interspecific cotton (gossypium spp.) cs lines were used to identify a new germplasm resource, and to validate chromosomal regions and favorable alleles associated with nematode or fungal disease resistance traits. the cs lines were developed in the g. hirsutum l. tm-1 background with chromosome or chromosome segment ... | 2016 | 26882892 |
| sequence composition of bac clones and ssr markers mapped to upland cotton chromosomes 11 and 21 targeting resistance to soil-borne pathogens. | genetic and physical framework mapping in cotton (gossypium spp.) were used to discover putative gene sequences involved in resistance to common soil-borne pathogens. chromosome (chr) 11 and its homoeologous chr 21 of upland cotton (g. hirsutum) are foci for discovery of resistance (r) or pathogen-induced r (pr) genes underlying qtls involved in response to root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita), reniform nematode (rotylenchulus reniformis), fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectu ... | 2015 | 26483808 |
| genetic analysis of verticillium wilt resistance in a backcross inbred line population and a meta-analysis of quantitative trait loci for disease resistance in cotton. | verticillium wilt (vw) and fusarium wilt (fw), caused by the soil-borne fungi verticillium dahliae and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, respectively, are two most destructive diseases in cotton production worldwide. root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne incognita, rkn) and reniform nematodes (rotylenchulus reniformis, rn) cause the highest yield loss in the u.s. planting disease resistant cultivars is the most cost effective control method. numerous studies have reported mapping of quantitative ... | 2015 | 26239843 |
| the application of arabidopsis thaliana in studying tripartite interactions among plants, beneficial fungal endophytes and biotrophic plant-parasitic nematodes. | the research demonstrated that arabidopsis can be used as a model system for studying plant-nematode-endophyte tripartite interactions; thus, opening new possibilities for further characterizing the molecular mechanisms behind these interactions. arabidopsis has been established as an important model system for studying plant biology and plant-microbe interactions. we show that this plant can also be used for studying the tripartite interactions among plants, the root-knot nematode meloidogyne i ... | 2015 | 25548000 |
| effect of tropical rotation crops on meloidogyne incognita and other plant-parasitic nematodes. | in a field experiment conducted on sandy soil in florida during the 1993 season, rotation crops of castor (ricinus communis), velvetbean (mucuna deeringina), 'mississippi silver' cowpea (vigna unguiculata), american jointvetch (aeschynomene americana), 'dehapine 51' cotton (gossypium hirsutum), and 'sx-17' sorghum-sudangrass (sorghum bicolor x s. sudanense) were effective in maintaining low population densities (<12/100 cm(3) soil) of meloidogyne incognita race 1, whereas high population densiti ... | 1995 | 19277319 |
| effects of several phytoparasitic nematodes on the growth of basil, ocimum basilicum. | greenhouse experiments were conducted in 15-cm-d pots of steamed myakka fine sand to determine the host status and tolerance of common basil (ocimum basilicum) to several important phytoparasitic nematodes in florida. populations of meloidogyne incognita, belonolaimus longicaudatus, and pratylenchus scribneri increased and caused significant suppression of foliage and root growth during a 10-month period. the population of paratrichodorus christiei increased and caused a significant reduction in ... | 1988 | 19290296 |
| effective use of marine algal products in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. | algal extracts were ineffective against meloidogyne spp., panagrellus redivivus, and neoaplectana carpocapsae at 1.0% aqueous concentrations, with the exception of spatoglossum schroederi. s. schroederi killed meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, m. acrita, and hoplolaimus galeatus at concentrations of 1.0, 0.75, and 0.50%. extracts from s. schroederi at a concentration of 1.0% were ineffective against hirschmanniella caudacrena and belonolaimus longicaudatus. spatoglossum schroederi, botryocladi ... | 1987 | 19290129 |
| a comparison of techniques useful for preparing nematodes for scanning electron microscopy. | second-stage juveniles of meloidogyne incognita were prepared by several different techniques for scanning electron microscopy (sem). sequential fixation in the cold (4-8 c) was superior to rapid fixation at room temperature, glutaraldehyde and glutaraldehyde-formalin were better fixatives than formalin alone, and critical point drying with carbon dioxide or freon gave similar results that were only slightly better than air drying with freon. freeze drying sequentially fixed nematodes from 100% ... | 1986 | 19294215 |
| nematode control related to fusarium wilt in soybean and root rot and zinc deficiency in corn. | nematode and disease problems of irrigated, double-cropped soybean and corn, and zinc deficiency of corn were investigated. ethylene dibromide, phenamiphos, and aldicarb were equally effective for controlling nematodes and increasing yields of corn planted minimum-till and soybean planted in a moldboard plow prepared seedbed. the residual effects on yields of nematicides applied to the preceeding crop occurred during 3 years for soybean and 1 year for corn. fusarium wilt symptoms of soybean that ... | 1985 | 19294099 |
| systemic nematicidal activity and biocontrol efficacy of bacillus firmus against the root-knot nematode meloidogyne incognita. | a strain of marine bacterium bacillus firmus ybf-10 with nematicidal activity was originally isolated by our group. in the present study, the systemic nematicidal activity and biocontrol efficacy in pot experiment of b. firmus ybf-10 were investigated. our results showed that ybf-10 exhibits systemic nematicidal activity against meloidogyne incognita, including lethal activity, inhibition of egg hatch and motility. pot experiment suggested that soil drenching with ybf-10 efficiently reduced dama ... | 2015 | 25672545 |
| characteristics and applications of a recombinant alkaline serine protease from a novel bacterium bacillus lehensis. | a highly alkaline protease (blap) from a novel psychrotolerant and alkaliphilic bacterium, bacillus lehensis was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. blap belongs to subtilase s8 family of proteases, comprising 27 aa secretion signal, 83 aa prosequence and 269 aa mature blap. the amino acids asp 141, his 171 and ser 324 form catalytic triad, while ile 214, leu 233 and asn 267 are other active site moieties. recombinant alkaline protease (rblap) is a monomeric protein of 39.0±1.0kda, and it ... | 2013 | 23340105 |
| trichinella spiralis: adaptation and parasitism. | publication of the genome from the clade i organism, trichinella spiralis, has provided us an avenue to address more holistic problems in parasitology; namely the processes of adaptation and the evolution of parasitism. parasitism among nematodes has evolved in multiple, independent events. deciphering processes that drive species diversity and adaptation are keys to understanding parasitism and advancing control strategies. studies have been put forth on morphological and physiological aspects ... | 2016 | 27425574 |
| de novo analysis of the transcriptome of pratylenchus zeae to identify transcripts for proteins required for structural integrity, sensation, locomotion and parasitism. | the root lesion nematode pratylenchus zeae, a migratory endoparasite, is an economically important pest of major crop plants (e.g. cereals, sugarcane). it enters host roots, migrates through root tissues and feeds from cortical cells, and defends itself against biotic and abiotic stresses in the soil and in host tissues. we report de novo sequencing of the p. zeae transcriptome using 454 flx, and the identification of putative transcripts encoding proteins required for movement, response to stim ... | 2016 | 26292651 |
| characterization of the reniform nematode genome by shotgun sequencing. | the reniform nematode (rn), a major agricultural pest particularly on cotton in the united states, is among the major plant-parasitic nematodes for which limited genomic information exists. in this study, over 380 mb of sequence data were generated from pooled dna of four adult female rns and assembled into 67,317 contigs, including 25,904 (38.5%) predicted coding contigs and 41,413 (61.5%) noncoding contigs. most of the characterized repeats were of low complexity (88.9%), and 0.9% of the conti ... | 2014 | 25036535 |
| versatile glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases for fungi ingestion and reproduction in the pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | the glycoside hydrolase family 18 (gh18) of chitinases is a gene family widely expressed in archaes, prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and hydrolyzes the β-1,4-linkages in chitin. the pinewood nematode bursaphelenchus xylophilus is one of the organisms that produces gh18 chitinases. notably, b. xylophilus has a higher number of gh18 chitinases compared with the obligate plant-parasitic nematodes meloidogyne incognita and meloidogyne hapla. in this study, seven gh18 chitinases were identified and clone ... | 2016 | 27641827 |
| nuclear receptor nhr-48 is required for pathogenicity of the second stage (j2) of the plant parasite meloidogyne incognita. | nuclear receptors (nrs) are a diverse class of transcription factors, which are involved in regulating a large number of physiological events in metazoans. however, the function of nrs is poorly understood in plant-parasitic nematodes. here, members of the nr1j+k group of nrs in nematodes, including the free-living and plant parasites, were examined and phylogenetically analyzed. we found that the number of members of the nr1j+k group in plant-parasitic nematodes was less than that in the free-l ... | 2016 | 27762328 |
| identification of nematicidal constituents of notopterygium incisum rhizomes against bursaphelenchus xylophilus and meloidogyne incognita. | during a screening program for new agrochemicals from chinese medicinal herbs, the ethanol extract of notopterygium incisum rhizomes was found to possess strong nematicidal activity against the two species of nematodes, bursaphelenchus xylophilus and meloidogyne incognita. based on bioactivity-guided fractionation, the four constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract and identified as columbianetin, falcarindiol, falcarinol, and isoimperatorin. among the four isolated constituents, two a ... | 2016 | 27669203 |
| nematotoxicity of drupacine and a cephalotaxus alkaloid preparation against the plant-parasitic nematodes meloidogyne incognita and bursaphelenchus xylophilus. | species of cephalotaxus (the plum yews) produce nematotoxic compounds of unknown identity. consequently, bioassay-guided fractionation was employed to identify the compound(s) in cephalotaxus fortunei twigs and leaves with activity against plant-parasitic nematodes. | 2013 | 23785026 |
| activation of hatching in diapaused and quiescent globodera pallida. | the potato cyst nematodes (pcn) globodera pallida and g. rostochiensis are major pests of potatoes. the g. pallida (and g. rostochiensis) life cycle includes both diapause and quiescent stages. nematodes in dormancy (diapause or quiescent) are adapted for long-term survival and are more resistant to nematicides. this study analysed the mechanisms underlying diapause and quiescence. the effects of several compounds (8br-cgmp, oxotremorine and atropine) on the activation of hatching were studied. ... | 2013 | 23253858 |
| preferential expression of a plant cystatin at nematode feeding sites confers resistance to meloidogyne incognita and globodera pallida. | the expression patterns of three promoters preferentially active in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana have been investigated in transgenic potato plants in response to plant parasitic nematode infection. promoter regions from the three genes, tub-1, arsk1 and rpl16a were linked to the gus reporter gene and histochemical staining was used to localize expression in potato roots in response to infection with both the potato cyst nematode, globodera pallida and the root-knot nematode, meloidogyne in ... | 2004 | 17166138 |
| continual green-fluorescent protein monitoring of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter activity in nematode-induced feeding cells in arabidopsis thaliana. | the responsiveness of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in feeding sites developed by both sexes of heterodera schachtii and female meloidogyne incognita has been studied. the objective was to establish the value of green-fluorescent protein (gfp) as a nondestructive reporter gene system for characterizing promoter activity at nematode feeding sites in vivo. growth units were devised that allowed individual feeding sites in roots of arabidopsis thaliana to be observed by both bright-fiel ... | 1997 | 9100383 |
| the fungal endophyte chaetomium globosum negatively affects both above- and belowground herbivores in cotton. | mutualistic plant-endophyte symbioses can benefit plants by increasing host fitness through reductions in herbivory. the fungus, chaetomium globosum strain tamu 520, was previously isolated as an endophyte from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) and can be re-inoculated to systemically colonize cotton plants via seed treatment. we evaluated the potential impacts of the endophyte in cotton on plant parasitic nematodes belowground, along with piercing-sucking and chewing insects aboveground. endophytic c ... | 2016 | 27451418 |