| vaccination of dogs against heterologous babesia canis infection using antigens from culture supernatants. | soluble parasite antigens (spa) from european babesia canis can be used to protect dogs against a homologous but not heterologous challenge infection. in this study it is shown that when dogs are vaccinated with a mixture of spa from both, a european b. canis isolate and a south african babesia rossi isolate, protective immunity against heterologous b. canis infection is induced. three groups of five beagle dogs each were vaccinated twice with graded doses of spa derived from in vitro cultures o ... | 2001 | 11522408 |
| [importation of parasites by tourism and animal trading]. | international transport of animals is associated with an enhanced risk of import of a number of parasite species that are not endemic in germany. pets accompany tourists on journeys all over the world, but in particular to southern europe, and dogs are increasingly imported from (sub-)tropical countries for reasons of animal welfare. veterinary practitioners are thus confronted with parasites that are unusual in their patients. the specific transmission routes determine whether an imported paras ... | 2001 | 11560118 |
| the mixed acid-base disturbances of severe canine babesiosis. | thirty-four dogs suffering from severe babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi were included in this study to evaluate acid-base imbalances with the quantitative clinical approach proposed by stewart. all but 3 dogs were severely anemic (hematocrit <12%). arterial ph varied from severe acidemia to alkalemia. most animals (31 of 34; 91%) had inappropriate hypocapnia with the partial pressure of co2 < 10 mm hg in 12 of 34 dogs (35%). all dogs had a negative base excess (be; mean of - 16.5 meq/l) ... | 2001 | 11596731 |
| serologic and molecular evidence of coinfection with multiple vector-borne pathogens in dogs from thailand. | forty-nine dogs from thailand were evaluated for serologic evidence of exposure or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) evidence of infection with vectorborne pathogens, including ehrlichia sp. (ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia equi, and ehrlichia risticii), bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffi (bvb), spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae (rickettsia rickettsii), typhus group (tg) rickettsiae (rickettsia canada, rickettsia prowazekii, and rickettsia typhi), and babesia sp. (babesia c ... | 2001 | 11596732 |
| nitric oxide metabolites in naturally occurring canine babesiosis. | babesiosis, caused by the virulent haemoprotozoan parasite babesia canis rossi, is an important disease of dogs in south africa. the nitric oxide metabolites, nitrate and nitrite (collectively termed reactive nitrogen intermediates or rnis) were measured in admission sera from dogs in a babesiosis-endemic area. five groups were prospectively studied: mild uncomplicated (n=9), severe uncomplicated (severe anaemia) (n=10) and complicated babesiosis (n=11); and two groups of healthy aparasitaemic d ... | 2002 | 11779653 |
| babesia canis infection in a splenectomized dog. | the present report describes a fatal case of non-experimental babesiosis in a splenctomized 3-year-old fox terrier. a very intense parasitaemia including clusters of up to 16 babesiae and a prominent haemophagocytic activity were the most relevant findings. a marked leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and regenerative anaemia were observed. despite prompt treatment with babesiacidal compounds the condition progressed to acute renal failure and resulted in the death of the animal 48 hours after the on ... | 2002 | 12012956 |
| molecular characterisation of babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected european dogs. | the morphologically small babesia species isolated from naturally infected dogs in europe, japan, and us are described as babesia gibsoni despite the fact that molecular techniques show that they should be assigned to two or three separate taxons. the morphologically large babesia isolated from dogs in europe, africa, and us were generally classified as b. canis until it was proposed to distinguish three related, albeit genetically distinct subspecies of this genus, namely b. canis canis, b. can ... | 2002 | 12079734 |
| chromosome number, genome size and polymorphism of european and south african isolates of large babesia parasites that infect dogs. | pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of intact chromosomes from 2 isolates of each of the 2 most pathogenic species of large babesia parasites that infect dogs, i.e. babesia canis (european species) and b. rossi (south african species), revealed 5 chromosomes in their haploid genome. the size of chromosomes 1-5 was found to be different in the 2 species, ranging from 0.8 to 6.0 mbp. the genome size was estimated to be approximately 14.5 mbp for b. canis and 16 mbp for b. rossi, respectively. within ... | 2002 | 12403319 |
| systematic review of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections in dogs and cats in europe. | on the basis of a systematic review of the literature, this paper provides the first evidence-based maps of the distribution of the major vector-borne parasitic infections of dogs and cats in europe. from an initial survey of 894 publications, data from 268 were analysed, summarised and collated. prevalence data were used to calculate the force of infection to provide distribution and incidence maps for canine infections with leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens, babesia ... | 2003 | 12572938 |
| ixodes hexagonus is the main candidate as vector of theileria annae in northwest spain. | babesia canis and babesia gibsoni have, until recently, been considered the only piroplasms that parasitise dogs. however, recent reports indicate that "small" babesia infections in spanish dogs are surprisingly frequent and molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the infecting agent is closely related to babesia microti. because the 18srdna sequence was not completely identical to that of b. microti, the new name "theileria annae" was assigned to the canine agent. no information is avail ... | 2003 | 12581593 |
| antibodies raised against bcvir15, an extrachromosomal double-stranded rna-encoded protein from babesia canis, inhibit the in vitro growth of the parasite. | as part of a search for homologous members of the plasmodium falciparum pf60 multigene family in the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite babesia canis, we report here the characterization of a cdna of 1,115 bp, which was designated bcvir for its potential viral origin. the bcvir cdna contained two overlapping open reading frames (orfs) (orf1 from nucleotide [nt] 61 to 486 and orf2 from nt 417 to 919), where bcvir15, the deduced orf1 peptide (m(1) to i(141)), is the main expressed product. the b ... | 2003 | 12595415 |
| presence of mycoplasma haemofelis, mycoplasma haemominutum and piroplasmids in cats from southern europe: a molecular study. | clinical symptoms produced by mycoplasma spp. and piroplasmids in cats are sometimes similar. diagnosis of these pathogens is difficult by microscopic procedures and molecular methods have been used as an alternative. we present in this work, the development of new molecular procedures for diagnosis of the aforementioned organisms, together with a molecular characterization of isolates found in southern european cats.a single pcr-rflp procedure was designed for diagnosis of mycoplasma spp. and a ... | 2003 | 12713893 |
| molecular studies on babesia, theileria and hepatozoon in southern europe. part i. epizootiological aspects. | molecular epizootiology of piroplasmids (babesia spp., theileria spp.) and hepatozoon canis was studied in mammals from southern europe (mainly from spain, but also from portugal and france). partial amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene was used for molecular diagnosis. in some particular cases (b. ovis and b. bovis) the complete 18s rrna gene was sequenced. blood samples were taken from domestic animals showing clinical symptoms: 10 dogs, 10 horses, 10 cows, 9 sheep and 1 goat. in ... | 2003 | 12719133 |
| two species of canine babesia in australia: detection and characterization by pcr. | the haemoprotozoan babesia canis has been recognized in australia for many years, and a second, smaller species has recently been discovered. amplification and sequencing of a partial region of the 18s small subunit ribosomal rna (rrna) gene enabled detection and characterization of the large and small canine babesiae of australia for the first time. isolates from northern australia were genetically characterized to be 99% homologous to babesia canis vogeli, confirming previous speculation about ... | 2003 | 12760669 |
| humoral immunity and reinfection resistance in dogs experimentally inoculated with babesia canis and either treated or untreated with imidocarb dipropionate. | it is proposed that the chronic asymptomatic carrier state produced by babesia canis infection could make dogs more resistant against subsequent infections. this suggests that treatment with imidocarb dipropionate, which removes the organism, can make dogs more susceptible to reinfection in a short period of time. ten male and female dogs of approximately 4-5 months of age were inoculated with b. canis. half of them received treatment with imidocarb dipropionate (7 mg/kg) on days 15 and 27 post- ... | 2003 | 12809752 |
| epidemiological survey of babesia species in japan performed with specimens from ticks collected from dogs and detection of new babesia dna closely related to babesia odocoilei and babesia divergens dna. | detection and analysis of babesia species from ticks recovered from dogs in japan were attempted by pcr and nucleotide sequence analysis based on the 18s rrna gene, respectively. a total of 1136 ticks were examined for babesia dna by 18s rrna-based pcr and nucleotide sequencing. partial sequences of babesia canis vogeli dna were detected from six ticks in aomori, nara, hiroshima, oita, and okinawa prefectures; and babesia gibsoni asia-1 dna was also detected in four ticks in osaka, hiroshima, mi ... | 2003 | 12904344 |
| canine babesiosis. | canine babesiosis is a tickborne, protozoal, hemoparasitic disease that can cause varying degrees of hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and fever. babesia organisms frequently are classified as large or small. large babesia infections are attributed to one of three subspecies of babesia canis. all small babesia infections previously were attributed to b gibsoni, but molecular analysis and dna sequencing have revealed that there are at least three small piroplasms infecting dogs. c ... | 2003 | 12910748 |
| the immunologic response of dogs to bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii antigens: as assessed by western immunoblot analysis. | bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii is a recently recognized zoonotic pathogen that causes endocarditis, granulomatous rhinitis, and granulomatous lymphadenitis in dogs. isolation of b. vinsonii (berkhoffii) from blood or tissue samples is frequently unsuccessful; therefore, diagnosis is primarily dependent on serologic or molecular testing modalities. because previous canine serologic studies have used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), without western immunoblot (wi) confirmatio ... | 2003 | 12918816 |
| the liver in babesia canis infection. | | 1953 | 13125274 |
| pathological processes in babesia canis infections. | | 1957 | 13531539 |
| [electronoptic studies on babesia canis]. | | 1961 | 13688105 |
| [experimental transmission of babesia canis to baby mice]. | | 1959 | 13849580 |
| observations on leukocytic inclusion bodies from dogs infected with babesia canis. | | 1963 | 14063234 |
| the coyote, a potential host for babesia canis and ehrlichia sp. | | 1964 | 14215497 |
| observations on the persistence and recurrence of babesia canis infections in dogs. | | 1965 | 14301303 |
| method of reproduction of babesia canis in erythrocytes. | | 1965 | 14316791 |
| concurrent bartonellosis and babesiosis in a dog with persistent thrombocytopenia. | a 12-year-old castrated male west highland white terrier was referred because of recurrent episodes of collapsing. the dog was mildly anemic and severely thrombocytopenic and had high serum alanine aminotransferase activity. infection with bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) was initially diagnosed on the basis of serologic testing. despite treatment with a series of antimicrobials and prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs, thrombocytopenia persisted. after 5 months of treatment, babesia canis o ... | 2003 | 14621218 |
| infection with a proposed new subspecies of babesia canis, babesia canis subsp. presentii, in domestic cats. | parasitemia with a large babesia species was identified in two domestic cats from israel. one cat, also coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and "candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum," had profound icterus and anemia which resolved after therapy, whereas a second cat was an asymptomatic carrier. amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene, followed by phylogenetic analyses, indicated that infection was caused by babesia canis. however, the sequences of the internal transcribed and 5 ... | 2004 | 14715738 |
| identification of a new type of babesia species in wild rats (bandicota indica) in chiang mai province, thailand. | a new type of rodent babesia, which resembled babesia microti but was phylogenetically placed closest, with the highest level of statistical support, to babesia canis, a canine babesia, was identified in thai bandicota indica in thai provinces to which malaria is endemic. close watch should be kept on human babesiosis in thailand. | 2004 | 14766871 |
| electron microscopic study of canine babesia gibsoni infection. | canine babesiosis is a tick-borne parasitic disease caused by the intraerythrocytic parasites, babesia canis and babesia gibsoni. a lethargic, weak, american staffordshire terrier (pit bull) dog, which had regenerative, normocytic, normochromic anemia, was shown by polymerase chain reaction analysis to be infected with b. gibsoni. transmission electron microscopy of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-treated blood disclosed many well-preserved, intraerythrocytic babesia trophozoites. four morpholo ... | 2004 | 15152839 |
| serodiagnosis of canine babesia gibsoni infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant p50 expressed in escherichia coli. | the entire p50 gene encoding a surface protein of babesia gibsoni was cloned into the bacteria expression vector pgex-4t-3 and subsequently expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein. the purified recombinant p50 was evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the serological diagnosis of b. gibsoni infection in dogs. elisa was able to differentiate clearly among b. gibsoni-infected, babesia canis-infected, and uninfected dog sera. the antibody ... | 2004 | 15165064 |
| confirmation of occurrence of babesia canis vogeli in domestic dogs in south africa. | the prevalence of babesia infections in domestic dogs in south africa was studied using reverse line blot hybridization and 18s sequence analysis. babesia canis vogeli was confirmed for the first time in domestic dogs in south africa. out of a total of 297 blood samples collected from domestic dogs in bloemfontein, east london, johannesburg, durban and from the onderstepoort veterinary academic hospital, 31 were positive for babesia canis rossi, whereas b. c. vogeli was detected in 13 dogs. none ... | 2004 | 15177716 |
| infection and blood transfusion: a guide to donor screening. | in recent years, blood-component therapy has become more accessible in veterinary practice. as with human medicine, care must be taken to minimize the risk of disease transmission from donor to recipient. determining the appropriate diseases to screen for is complicated by regional variations in disease incidence, the existence of chronic carrier states for some diseases, the difficulty in screening-test selection, and testing cost. the feline diseases considered include retroviral infections, f ... | 2004 | 15179926 |
| prevalence and risk factors of hypoglycemia in virulent canine babesiosis. | hypoglycemia is a common complication of virulent canine babesiosis. a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and potential risk factors for hypoglycemia in canine babesiosis from babesia canis rossi. plasma glucose concentration was measured at presentation in 250 dogs with babesiosis, of which 111 were admitted to hospital. the prevalence of hypoglycemia (<60 mg/dl) was 9% (23/250). twenty-two hypoglycemic dogs required admission, making the prevalence of hypoglycemia in admitted d ... | 2004 | 15188810 |
| canine babesiosis in slovenia: molecular evidence of babesia canis canis and babesia canis vogeli. | canine babesiosis, caused by intraerythrocytic babesia spp., is a tick-borne disease of worldwide importance. no information on canine babesiosis has been documented in slovenia. therefore, 238 dogs admitted to the small animal clinic in ljubljana from the years 2000 to 2002 were tested for the presence of babesial parasites in the blood. based on clinical, microscopic and molecular investigations, 14 dogs (5.9%) were determined as being infected with babesiae. clinical signs relating to acute h ... | 2004 | 15210084 |
| bartonella henselae igg antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern usa. | in contrast to the large body of literature regarding bartonella henselae in humans and cats, there is little information about b. henselae as an infectious agent in dogs. due to the paucity of information regarding the b. henselae serology in dogs, we performed a cross-sectional serosurvey using b. henselae antigen in order to compare the seroprevalence between sick and healthy dogs from the south-eastern usa. ninety-nine sera were collected from clinically healthy dogs. three hundred and one s ... | 2004 | 15369661 |
| detection and molecular characterization of a novel large babesia species in a dog. | babesia canis has generally been considered the only large babesia to infect dogs. here we describe the molecular characterization of a large babesia species that was detected in the blood and bone marrow of a dog with clinical and hematological abnormalities consistent with babesiosis. analysis of the 18s rrna genes revealed a unique sequence that shared 93.9% sequence identity with b. bigemina and 93.5% sequence identity with b. caballi, compared to 91.2-91.6% identity with b. canis canis, b. ... | 2004 | 15381295 |
| molecular fluorescent approach to assessing intraerythrocytic hemoprotozoan babesia canis infection in dogs. | the development of recent flow cytometry-based protocols for the diagnosis of canine babesiosis, babesia gibsoni in particular, has encouraged us to investigate its applicability to detect b. canis-infected erythrocytes as well as optimize the hydroethidine-flow cytometry methodology (he-fc), using peripheral blood samples from naturally and experimentally infected dogs. our data demonstrated that he at 25 microg/ml provided the most outstanding fluorescence profile, able to discriminate between ... | 2004 | 15482880 |
| free light-chain proteinuria and normal renal histopathology and function in 11 dogs exposed to lleishmania infantum, ehrlichia canis, and bbabesia canis. | the purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the relationship among proteinuria consisting of immunoglobulin free light chains (flcs), renal histopathologic findings, and routine markers of renal function in 11 dogs exposed to leishmania infantum (n = 8), ehrlichia canis (n = 2), and babesia canis (n = 1). flc proteinuria was suspected based on identification of a 22- to 27-kda band by sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis (sds-age) and later confirmed by immunofixatio ... | 2004 | 15515575 |
| retrospective study (1998-2001) on canine babesiosis in belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil. | the present work describes a retrospective study of clinical cases of babesiosis in dogs examined at the veterinary hospital (universidade federal de minas gerais) from march 1998 to september 2001. from the clinical records of dogs with laboratory-confirmed babesia canis infections, we analyzed: demography (age, breed, sex, time of year, and origin; clinical manifestations (concomitant infections, body temperature, presence of ticks, and clinical signs); and hematological alterations. from 194 ... | 2004 | 15604486 |
| [ehrlichia and babesia infections in dogs in the netherlands]. | a retrospective study was performed at the department of clinical sciences of companion animals at utrecht university amongst 75 dogs diagnosed with a babesia canis and/or an ehrlichia canis infection. the majority of the dogs had visited an endemic area (most often the mediterranean area or the dutch antilles), but two dogs became infected with babesia in the netherlands. babesia infections were associated with a stay in an endemic area and an incubation period that are both significantly short ... | 2004 | 15622893 |
| are urea and creatinine values reliable indicators of azotaemia in canine babesiosis? | serum urea and creatinine are extensively used as parameters to screen for azotaemia. their reciprocal plots roughly correlate with glomerular filtration rate (gfr). they are, however, subject to influence by non-renal factors and to increase their specificity they are often tested concurrently. in renal disease they are expected to behave similarly, with both parameters increasing as gfr decreases. haemolysis, as it occurs in canine babesiosis, may cause non-renal elevations in serum urea, poss ... | 2004 | 15628803 |
| babesia canis canis in dogs from hungary: detection by pcr and sequencing. | canine babesiosis in hungary has always been a severe and frequent disease, attributed to infection with babesia canis transmitted by dermacentor reticulatus. identification of the disease agent has been based merely on size and morphology of the intraerythrocytic parasites and no evidence has been found concerning the subspecies (genotype) of b. canis. therefore, a molecular survey on natural babesia infection of dogs in hungary using pcr and sequence analysis was attempted to clarify the subsp ... | 2004 | 15710522 |
| spatial distribution of dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus in hungary: evidence for change? | a survey was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus in hungary and to compare these data with the results of a previous large-scale survey. in the survey conducted in the 1950s, d. reticulatus adults were detected in two isolated areas of two counties, and the presence of these ticks in the collection was explained by accidental introduction. in the present survey, d. reticulatus became the second most common species occurring in all 16 co ... | 2005 | 15740873 |
| vaccination against canine babesiosis. | it has been known for several decades that the soluble parasite antigen (spa) of several babesia species can be used as a vaccine against the clinical manifestations of babesiosis. originally observed in the plasma of infected animals, spa can also be recovered from the supernatants of in vitro cultures of these parasites. variable success has been reported for vaccines against the bovine and canine babesia parasites, which seems to be related to antigenic diversity within babesia species. in th ... | 2005 | 15780840 |
| serum concentration of some acute phase proteins in naturally occurring canine babesiosis: a preliminary study. | serum concentrations of acute phase proteins can provide valuable diagnostic information in the detection, prognosis, or monitoring of disease. information available on the acute phase response in naturally occurring canine babesiosis is limited. | 2005 | 15902667 |
| autochthonous canine babesiosis in the netherlands. | outbreaks of autochthonous babesiosis, caused by babesia canis, occurred in the netherlands in the spring and autumn of 2004 affecting 23 dogs. nineteen animals recovered after treatment, whereas four dogs died. adult dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from these dogs indicate that canine babesiosis could become endemic in the netherlands. | 2005 | 15923085 |
| [autochthonous cases of canine babesiosis in the canton solothurn]. | starting in november 2003 a series of five clinical cases of canine babesiosis was registered in the region of obergösgen (canton solothurn). all presented dogs showed increased body temperature, thrombocytopenia and hemoglobinuria, and none of the dogs had been abroad or visited endemic regions in the southern or western part of switzerland so far. babesia canis was detected in the blood smears of all five patients, but only three had detectable specific antibodies against this parasite. howeve ... | 2005 | 15999636 |
| babesia dna detection in canine blood and dermacentor reticulatus ticks in southwestern siberia, russia. | babesia infection was studied in 21 blood samples of dogs with symptoms of babesiosis and among 72 dermacentor reticulatus and 70 ixodes persulcatus ticks from southwestern siberia, russia. babesia dna was detected by hemi-nested pcr based on the 18s rrna gene with subsequent direct sequencing. all of the analyzed canine blood samples and three d. reticulatus, but none from i. persulcatus ticks studied were shown to contain babesia dna. nucleotide sequences of the babesia 18s rrna gene fragment ... | 2005 | 16187898 |
| geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the united states and association with dog bites: 150 cases (2000-2003). | to identify the geographic distribution of babesiosis among dogs in the united states and determine, for dogs other than american pit bull terriers (apbts), whether infection was associated with a recent dog bite. | 2005 | 16190594 |
| babesia canis vogeli: a novel pcr for its detection in dogs in australia. | babesia canis vogeli is known to cause disease in dogs in australia, and the rapid detection of various subspecies would enable effective treatment and management. a 21 bp oligonucleotide, "bab-f" was proposed for the production of larger pcr products with high species specificity that would enable effective sequence analyses to yield subspecies identification. the new forward primer when paired with a previously reported "babesia common" reverse primer generated a 394 bp product which was succe ... | 2006 | 16256109 |
| detection of babesia canis rossi, b. canis vogeli, and hepatozoon canis in dogs in a village of eastern sudan by using a screening pcr and sequencing methodologies. | babesia and hepatozoon infections of dogs in a village of eastern sudan were analyzed by using a single pcr and sequencing. among 78 dogs, 5 were infected with babesia canis rossi and 2 others were infected with b. canis vogeli. thirty-three dogs were positive for hepatozoon. hepatozoon canis was detected by sequence analysis. | 2005 | 16275954 |
| tickborne pathogen detection, western siberia, russia. | ixodes persulcatus (n = 125) and dermacentor reticulatus (n = 84) ticks from western siberia, russia, were tested for infection with borrelia, anaplasma/ehrlichia, bartonella, and babesia spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays with subsequent sequencing. i. persulcatus ticks were infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (37.6% +/- 4.3% [standard deviation]), anaplasma phagocytophilum (2.4% +/- 1.4%), ehrlichia muris (8.8% +/- 2.5%), and bartonella spp. (37.6% +/- 4.3%). d. re ... | 2005 | 16318722 |
| new diseases and increased risk of diseases in companion animals and horses due to transport. | dogs and horses are transported within the european union for a number of reasons. the transport per se may cause physical problems, exemplified by hyperthermia in dogs and pleuropneumonia in horses, and the stress may reactivate latent infections such as canine herpesvirus-1 and equine herpesvirus-1. preventive treatments are vital to protect dogs from ticks and mosquitoes transmitting their potentially lethal infectious agents, such as leishmania donovani infantum, babesia canis, ehrlichia can ... | 2003 | 16429803 |
| the south african form of severe and complicated canine babesiosis: clinical advances 1994-2004. | babesia (canis) rossi infection is common in dogs in south africa, and frequently causes severe, life-threatening disease. acidemia, persistent hyperlactatemia, hemoconcentration, elevated creatinine, cerebral babesiosis, pulmonary edema and pancreatitis are all associated with mortality rates above 30%, compared with overall mortality of 12% in admitted cases. although half the admitted cases are severely anemic, hemoconcentration is associated with far higher mortality. cerebral babesiosis is ... | 2006 | 16503090 |
| onset and duration of immunity against babesia canis infection in dogs vaccinated with antigens from culture supernatants. | it has previously been shown that dogs can be vaccinated against heterologous babesia canis infection using a vaccine containing soluble parasite antigens (spa) from in vitro cultures of b. canis and b. rossi that are adjuvanted with saponin. in the present study the onset and duration of immunity of vaccinated dogs were studied. results showed that 3-26 weeks after initial vaccination, dogs effectively limit the level of spa in plasma upon challenge infection, which was reflected in limited dur ... | 2006 | 16504401 |
| piroplasma infection in dogs in northern spain. | babesiosis is a world-wide zoonosis caused by tick-borne hematozoan parasites of the genus babesia. canine babesidae have historically been classified as "large babesia" (babesia canis) and "small babesia" (babesia gibsoni) based on the size of their intraerythrocytic forms. genetic sequencing technology using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has allowed further subdivision. b. gibsoni has three strains: "asia", "california" and a recently identified small babesial-like parasite, theileria an ... | 2006 | 16513282 |
| evidence for an increased geographical distribution of dermacentor reticulatus in germany and detection of rickettsia sp. rpa4. | two studies were performed to elucidate the current distribution of the tick dermacentor reticulatus in germany. in the first one in 2003, a total of 365 dogs from 171 sites in the states of berlin and brandenburg was screened for ticks, and the corresponding outdoor sites that the dogs usually visited were searched for host-seeking ticks by the flagging method. a total of 1155 ticks was removed from the dogs. the majority were ixodes ricinus (88.5%), followed by d. reticulatus (9.1%) and i. hex ... | 2006 | 16524777 |
| genetic basis for gpi-anchor merozoite surface antigen polymorphism of babesia and resulting antigenic diversity. | glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor merozoite surface antigens (gpi-anchor msa) are proposed to act in the invasion process of infective merozoites of babesia into host erythrocytes. because of their essential function in the survival of babesia parasites, they constitute good candidates for the development of vaccines against babesiosis and they have been extensively analyzed. these include babesia bovis variable msa (vmsa) and babesia bigemina gp45/gp55 proteins of the agents of bovine babesi ... | 2006 | 16551492 |
| what is your diagnosis? babesia canis and canine distemper virus. | | 2006 | 16573768 |
| clinicopathological changes and effect of imidocarb therapy in dogs experimentally infected with babesia canis. | in this study one spleen-intact dog (a) and two splenectomised dogs (bse, cse) were infected with babesia canis. all animals developed an acute disease characterised by fever, haemoglobinuria and anaemia, the latter being more severe in the splenectomised dogs. fever and parasitised red blood cells were detected for three days after imidocarb treatment in the splenectomised animals. haematological abnormalities included regenerative anaemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia (due to neutropenia an ... | 2006 | 16613023 |
| [evaluation of ectoparasites and hemoparasites in dogs kept in apartments and houses with yards in the city of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil]. | fleas and ticks transmit various pathogens while feeding on the blood of dogs. this study sought to verify the occurrence of ectoparasitism and hemoparasitism in dogs from two urban areas in the city of juiz de fora, minas gerais, brazil. between february and august 2003, 101 dogs were studied: 50 came from apartments in the downtown region and 51 from houses with grassy yards. the ectoparasites were collected and conserved in etanol 70%. the occurrence of hemoparasites was verified by examining ... | 2006 | 16646996 |
| seroprevalence of canine babesiosis in hungary suggesting breed predisposition. | six hundred fifty-one blood samples were collected from urban and rural dogs in various parts of hungary to measure antibody levels to babesia canis with indirect fluorescent antibody test. thirty-seven (5.7%) of the sera showed positivity with titers between 1:80 and 1:10,240. seroconverted dogs were found in 13 locations of the country. it is concluded that canine babesiosis is becoming more prevalent in eastern hungary. seropositivity increased then declined with age, reaching a maximum in ca ... | 2006 | 16715235 |
| capillary and venous babesia canis rossi parasitaemias and their association with outcome of infection and circulatory compromise. | this observational study of 100 dogs naturally infected with babesia canis rossi determined whether severity of parasitaemia was associated with outcome of infection and documented the relative distribution of parasitised red blood cells (prbc) in capillary and venous circulation. the association between increased parasitaemias and outcome with a clinically compromised circulation was also investigated. outcome was defined as either hospitalisation with death, or hospitalisation with eventual re ... | 2006 | 16806713 |
| tick-transmitted diseases in dogs: clinicopathological findings. | in this article we describe the main clinicopathological findings of some tick-transmitted diseases observed in italy, due to ehrlichia canis and babesia canis, and most rarely anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma platys. canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) is a multisystemic disorder that is characterized by various clinical signs. acutely-infected dogs show various clinical and haematological abnormalities including fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, lethargy, depression and thrombocytopenia ... | 2006 | 16881415 |
| dog tick-borne diseases in sicily. | in sicily many tick borne diseases are endemic, in particular way those that see like main carrier ticks that prefer, for their vital cycle, climatic conditions characterized by high temperatures and a warmth-humid atmosphere. the more important pathologies transmitted by ticks causing diseases in dogs are babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia conorii, coxiella burnetii and tick transmitted encephalitis virus assume particular relevance because ... | 2006 | 16881419 |
| new data on epizootiology and genetics of piroplasms based on sequences of small ribosomal subunit and cytochrome b genes. | as a continuation of our studies on molecular epizootiology of piroplasmosis in spain and other countries, we present in this contribution the finding of new hosts for some piroplasms, as well as information on their 18s rrna gene sequences. genetic data were complemented with sequences of apocytochrome b gene (whenever possible). the following conclusions were drawn from these molecular studies: theileria annulata is capable of infecting dogs, since it was diagnosed in a symptomatic animal. acc ... | 2006 | 16919391 |
| detection of anaplasma platys and babesia canis vogeli and their impact on platelet numbers in free-roaming dogs associated with remote aboriginal communities in australia. | to detect anaplasma platys and babesia canis vogeli infection, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays, in free-roaming dogs associated with eight aboriginal communities in remote areas of australia and to determine the impact of infection through the assessment of platelet numbers. | 2006 | 16958629 |
| canine babesiosis: a brazilian perspective. | canine babesiosis is highly endemic in brazil, caused by babesia canis and babesia gibsoni, both transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. the present review argues for a more adequate method of characterizing the babesia species infecting dogs and cats in different brazilian endemic zones. it advocates for a comprehensive understanding of the biology of r. sanguineus ticks under brazilian conditions in order to define the more effective preventive strategies against canine babesiosis and c ... | 2006 | 16962707 |
| [dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius, 1794)--distribution, biology and vector for babesia canis in germany]. | this work deals with occurrence, distribution as well as biology and vectorial capacity of the ornate dog tick (dermacentor (d.) reticulatus). until 30 years ago this tick has only been described in a few natural foci in southern germany. its distribution has however expanded in the course of the last years. with the exception of northern germany it is now covering large areas of germany. this is particularly the case in the upper rhine valley, saarland and the mark brandenburg. however, it is e ... | 2006 | 17009718 |
| clinical manifestations of canine babesiosis in hungary (63 cases). | clinical observations of babesia canis infection in 63 dogs during a 1-year period are summarised, demonstrating the pathogenicity of the babesia strain endemic in hungary. most patients had babesiosis in the spring and autumn, correlating with the seasonal activity of ticks. male animals appeared in higher numbers, probably due to an overrepresentation of outdoor dogs. uncomplicated babesiosis was diagnosed in 32 cases. the disease affected dogs of any age in this study. symptoms were similar t ... | 2006 | 17020140 |
| immunity against babesia rossi infection in dogs vaccinated with antigens from culture supernatants. | soluble parasite antigens (spa) from different babesia species have been shown earlier to induce protective immunity when used as vaccine. however, initial attempts to produce such vaccine against babesia rossi infection using spa from b. rossi culture supernatants were not or only partially successful. here we show that when dogs were vaccinated with a vaccine comprising spa from b. rossi combined with spa from babesia canis protective immunity against experimental challenge infection was induc ... | 2007 | 17056181 |
| new advances in molecular epizootiology of canine hematic protozoa from venezuela, thailand and spain. | the prevalence of hematozoan infections (hepatozoon canis and babesia sp., particularly babesia canis vogeli) in canids from venezuela, thailand and spain was studied by amplification and sequencing of the 18s rrna gene. h. canis infections caused simultaneously by two different isolates were confirmed by rflp analysis in samples from all the geographic regions studied. in venezuela, blood samples from 134 dogs were surveyed. babesia infections were found in 2.24% of the dogs. comparison of sequ ... | 2007 | 17088022 |
| evidence of an acute phase response in dogs naturally infected with babesia canis. | the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (esr), white blood cell count (wbc), haematocrit (hct) and platelet number (plt) were quantified and compared with the acute phase proteins (apps) in dogs naturally infected with babesia canis and healthy dogs. both groups were treated with imidocarb dipropionate on the day of admission and both groups were monitored for all parameters on the admission day and on the first, second, third, fourth and seventh days in order to determine the presence of an acute ph ... | 2007 | 17116368 |
| pcr-rflp for the detection and differentiation of the canine piroplasm species and its use with filter paper-based technologies. | canine piroplasmosis is an emerging disease worldwide, with multiple species of piroplasm now recognised to infect dogs. a nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay was developed for the detection and differentiation of each of the piroplasm species currently known to infect dogs on the basis of the 18s ribosomal rna gene. the assay can potentially amplify and discriminate between theileria annae, theileria equi, babesia conradae, babesia gibsoni, ... | 2007 | 17127005 |
| babesia gibsoni rhoptry-associated protein 1 and its potential use as a diagnostic antigen. | a cdna encoding the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) homologue was obtained by immunoscreening an expression library prepared from babesia gibsoni merozoite mrna. the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene was 1740bp. computer analysis suggested that the sequence contains an open reading frame of 1425bp encoding an expected protein with a molecular weight of 52kda. based on the sequence similarity, this putative protein was designated as the b. gibsoni rap-1 (bgrap-1). the bgrap-1 gene was ... | 2007 | 17127008 |
| occurrence of hard ticks in dogs from warsaw area. | ticks are known as a vector of many viral, bacterial, rickettsial and protozoan infections of dogs. the threat with particular tick-transmitted disease depends very much on the tick species which feeds on the dog. in this paper we present results of research designed to identify tick species which attack dogs in the warsaw area. ticks were collected from dogs presented for medical examination in veterinary clinics in different parts of warsaw. all of 590 tick specimens found on dogs belonged to ... | 2006 | 17196014 |
| the low seroprevalence of tick-transmitted agents of disease in dogs from southern ontario and quebec. | infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks and other insect vectors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both dogs and humans throughout north america. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of selected vector-transmitted pathogens in southern ontario and quebec. samples submitted to the vector borne disease diagnostic laboratory (vbddl) at the north carolina state university college of veterinary medicine were evaluated for antibodies to ... | 2006 | 17217089 |
| [importance of pcr for the diagnostics of canine babesiosis]. | clinical standards to confirm babesiosis in dogs include the direct identification of the infectious agent in blood smears and serological assays for babesia canis-specific antibodies. here, we demonstrate in seven cases (with data on anamnesis, clinics, laboratory diagnostics, and therapeutic outcomes) that a new diagnostic procedure is required. this is the molecular-genetic identification of babesia by real time pcr allowing an unequivocal identification of the infectious agents. indeed, all ... | 2006 | 17263080 |
| epifaunistic arthropod parasites of the four-striped mouse, rhabdomys pumilio, in the western cape province, south africa. | flea, lice, mite, and tick species associated with 510 rhabdomys pumilio were collected at 9 localities in the western cape province, south africa. the aims of the study were first to quantify the species richness, prevalence, and relative mean intensity of infestation of epifaunistic arthropod species associated with r. pumilio, and second to determine temporal variations in the mean abundance of the parasitic arthropods. each mouse was examined under a stereoscopic microscope and its parasites ... | 2007 | 17436941 |
| endocrine predictors of mortality in canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi. | this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was designed to determine the association between the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid axes and outcome in dogs with naturally occurring babesia canis rossi babesiosis. ninety-five dogs with canine babesiosis were studied and blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment at admission to hospital. serum cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), thyroxine, free thyroxine and thyrot ... | 2007 | 17614201 |
| coinfection with multiple tick-borne and intestinal parasites in a 6-week-old dog. | coinfection with ehrlichia canis, babesia canis, hepatozoon canis, isospora spp., giardia spp., and dipylidium caninum were detected in a 6-week-old dog. the effect of multi-pathogen infection was a fatal combination of gastrointestinal and hematologic abnormalities, including diarrhea, vomiting, anorexia, distended painful abdomen, intussusception, severe thrombocytopenia, anemia, and hypoproteinemia. | 2007 | 17616060 |
| first evidence of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) in dogs in western europe. | canine babesiosis in europe is generally caused by babesia canis canis and babesia canis rossi. here we describe the first two autochthonous cases of babesia gibsoni (asian genotype) infection in germany. two american pit bull terriers showed clinical and hematologic signs consistent with babesiosis. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis of the 18s rdna of blood samples revealed 486 bp fragments. the sequences were 100% identical to each other and 100% identical to babesia gibsoni (asian geno ... | 2007 | 17627433 |
| vaccination against large babesia species from dogs. | the original observation of sibinovic that soluble parasite antigens (spa) of b. canis could be used to protect dogs against challenge infection formed the starting point for the development of an effective vaccine. with the advent of in vitro cultivation techniques for haemoprotozoan parasites an important tool became available for the commercial production of the vaccine antigens. a first generation vaccine was developed for dogs, but it appeared that the level of protection induced was not co ... | 2007 | 17691601 |
| animal babesiosis: an emerging zoonosis also in italy? | in italy, babesiosis is widespread in several central and southern regions, but few data are available on its presence in most italian areas. in 2004 a project was financed by the miur to investigate on the babesiosis epidemiology in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, and on the transmission risk for humans in central and northern regions of the country. microscopy and/or molecular tools were applied to blood samples of wild animals, livestock and pets, and to 1,677 ticks collected on animals or ... | 2007 | 17691605 |
| a field trial evaluation of the prophylactic efficacy of amitraz-impregnated collars against canine babesiosis (babesia canis rossi) in south africa. | south african canine babesiosis caused by babesia canis rossi is a common clinical disease in dogs in south africa and remains a significant cause of domestic dog mortality. to determine whether tick-repellent, 9% amitraz-impregnated tick collars (preventic-virbac) could prevent tick-borne exposure to b. canis rossi, 50 dogs were assigned to two groups. group 1 (20 dogs), polymerase chain reaction (pcr)--and reverse line blot (rlb)-negative for b. canis rossi, were fitted with amitraz collars an ... | 2007 | 17941596 |
| [a descriptive epidemiological study on canine babesiosis in the lake geneva region]. | a descriptive study was carried out in the district of the lake geneva between march 1, 2005 and august 31,2006 to assess the incidence and prevalence of canine babesiosis, to genotype the babesia species occurring, to assess the most frequently clinical signs found and to address the potential of autochthonous transmission. this included a data assessment on the different tick-populations occurring in the area and on the prevalence of babesia-dna in these ticks. a total of 56 veterinary practic ... | 2007 | 17983018 |
| molecular survey of babesia canis in dogs in nigeria. | an epidemiological study of babesia canis in dogs in nigeria was performed. four hundred blood samples collected from dogs in nigeria were investigated using nested pcr and sequence analysis. on nested pcr screening, nine samples (2.3%) produced a band corresponding to a 698-bp fragment indicative of b. canis infection. sequence analysis of the pcr products identified eight samples (2.0%) as b. canis rossi and the ninth (0.3%) as b. canis vogeli. this is the first report of the prevalence of b. ... | 2007 | 18057838 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and rickettsia spp. in dogs from grenada. | to identify the tick-borne pathogens in dogs from grenada, we conducted a serologic survey for ehrlichia canis in 2004 (104 dogs) and a comprehensive serologic and molecular survey for a variety of tick-borne pathogens in 2006 (73 dogs). in 2004 and 2006, 44 and 32 dogs (42.3% and 43.8%) were seropositive for e. canis, respectively. in 2006, several tick-borne pathogens were identified by serology and pcr. dna of e. canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, and bartonella ... | 2008 | 18160223 |
| plasma insulin concentrations in hypoglycaemic dogs with babesia canis rossi infection. | hypoglycaemia has been identified as a life-threatening metabolic complication in almost 20% of severely ill dogs suffering from babesiosis due to babesia canis rossi infection, and has been correlated with mortality. hyperinsulinaemia as a result of inappropriate insulin secretion may precipitate hypoglycaemia, and has been suggested as a possible cause of hypoglycaemia in human and murine malaria. this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study, including 94 dogs with naturally occurrin ... | 2008 | 18164550 |
| assessment of primers designed for the subspecies-specific discrimination among babesia canis canis, babesia canis vogeli and babesia canis rossi by pcr assay. | canine babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by either babesia gibsoni or babesia canis protozoans. the latter is also classified under three different phylogenetic groups, referred to as subspecies b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli and b. canis rossi. the objective of the present study was to validate and standardize a pcr assay to discriminate the organisms at the subspecies level. first, the reference sequences of the 18s rrna, 5.8s rrna and 28s rrna genes, including the internal transcrib ... | 2008 | 18242863 |
| detection and molecular characterization of babesia canis vogeli from naturally infected dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in tunisia. | canine babesiosis, caused by intra-erythrocytic babesia, is a tick-borne disease of worldwide importance. no information on canine babesiosis has been documented in tunisia. detection and analysis of babesia species from naturally infected dogs and ticks recovered from dogs were attempted by reverse line blot hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis based on 18s rrna gene. out of 180 blood samples collected from domestic dogs in 4 villages situated in different bioclimatic zones, 12 were p ... | 2008 | 18242865 |
| molecular characterization of babesia canis canis isolates from naturally infected dogs in poland. | babesia canis has generally been considered the only large babesia to infect dogs. in this study, we used pcr to detect and characterize b. canis canis isolated from naturally infected dogs in poland by amplifying and sequencing a portion of the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene. venous blood samples were collected from 76 babesia-symptomatic dogs. a 559-bp fragment of the b. canis canis 18s rrna gene was amplified by pcr. the pcr products were then digested with hincii restriction enzyme, and isola ... | 2008 | 18243559 |
| serological evidence for babesia canis infection of horses and an endemic focus of b. caballi in hungary. | in order to evaluate the seroconversion of horses to babesia caballi and b. canis in hungary, blood samples were collected from 371 animals on 23 different locations of the country. the presence of antibodies to b. caballi was screened with a competitive elisa. all 29 positive samples came from one region (the hortobágy). the prevalence of infection did not show correlation with sexes, and reached 100% in the age group of 2-5 years. babesia canis-specific antibodies were demonstrated by ifat in ... | 2007 | 18277708 |
| histological and ultrastructural studies of renal lesions in babesia canis infected dogs treated with imidocarb. | histological and electron microscopic examinations of the kidneys of 8 dogs suffering from fatal, naturally acquired babesia canis infection and nephropathy are presented. seven animals were treated with imidocarb dipropionate on average 4.5 days prior to death. severe anaemia was present only in 2 cases. degenerative histological changes observed mostly in the proximal convoluted tubules included vacuolar-hydropic degeneration, necrosis and detachment of renal tubular epithelial (rte) cells fro ... | 2007 | 18277710 |
| the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae): from taxonomy to control. | rhipicephalus sanguineus, commonly known as the brown dog tick, is a three-host tick that feeds primarily on dogs and occasionally on other hosts, including humans. r. sanguineus ticks are widely distributed around the world and they are known vectors of pathogens, such as babesia canis, ehrlichia canis, and rickettsia conorii. the increasing number of cases of human parasitism by r. sanguineus ticks reported in the literature indicates that the interaction between humans and r. sanguineus ticks ... | 2008 | 18280045 |
| prevalence of babesia canis, borrelia afzelii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in hard ticks removed from dogs in warsaw (central poland). | the purposes of this study were to specify the occurrence and prevalence of babesia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks removed from dogs in warsaw, and to determine the borrelia species occurring in ixodes ricinus ticks. among 590 collected ticks, 209 were identified as i. ricinus, and 381 as dermacentor reticulatus. dna of b. canis was detected in 11% of d. reticulatus ticks. we found that 6.2% of i. ricinus ticks harbored b. burgdorferi s.l. specific ... | 2008 | 18328630 |
| an unusual form of canine babesiosis. | an akita inu, living in belgium, was presented with unusual clinical manifestations of acute babesiosis that included neurological signs and pancytopenia. diagnosis was made by identifying babesia canis in the blood smear. neurological signs resolved after treatment with imidocarb diproprionate. normalization of hematological abnormalities was gradual over 5 months. | 2008 | 18390102 |
| the response of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroidal axes to the plasma glucose perturbations in babesia canis rossi babesiosis. | this prospective, cross-sectional, interventional study was designed to determine the association between the hormones of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-thyroid axes and other clinical parameters with the blood glucose perturbations in dogs with naturally occurring babesia canis rossi babesiosis. thirty-six dogs with canine babesiosis were studied. blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein in each dog prior to treatment at admission to hospital and serum endogenous adrenocorticotrop ... | 2007 | 18507221 |
| a study of cross-reactivity in serum samples from dogs positive for leishmania sp., babesia canis and ehrlichia canis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test. | to verify the presence of cross-reaction among leishmaniosis, ehrlichiosis and babesiosis in serological diagnostics used in human visceral leishmaniasis control programs, serum samples from leishmaniasis endemic and non-endemic areas were collected and tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (ifat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all serum samples from endemic areas were positive for leishmania sp., by elisa and ifat, 51% positive for babesia canis and 43% for ehrlichia canis by ... | 2008 | 18554433 |