| validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of babesia bigemina antibodies in cattle. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on a broadly conserved, species-specific, b-cell epitope within the c terminus of babesia bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a was validated for international use. receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed 16% inhibition as the threshold for a negative result, with an associated specificity of 98.3% and sensitivity of 94.7%. increasing the threshold to 21% increased the specificity to 100% but modestly decreased the sensi ... | 2008 | 18632921 |
| distribution and application of elisa for the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in central equatoria state, sudan. | this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale antibodies among naturally infected cattle in central equatoria state, southern sudan using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). three locations (khor rumla, nyaing and gumbo) were selected and surveyed every 3 months during the period from january to december 2005. six cattle herds in the three locations were visited four times during the study peri ... | 2008 | 18666971 |
| pcr-based detection of blood parasites in cattle and adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | to ascertain the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens in zambia, an epidemiological survey of theileria parva, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale in traditionally managed sanga cattle was conducted using pcr. of the 71 native zambian cattle, 28 (39.4%) were positive for t. parva, 16 (22.5%) for b. bigemina and 34 (47.9%) for a. marginale. the mixed infection rate in cattle was 8.5% (6/71), 16.9% (12/71), 7.0% (5/71) and 2.8% (2/71) for t. parva/b. bigemina, t. parva/a. marginale, b. big ... | 2009 | 18700182 |
| epidemiology of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeastern mexico. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) ticks are the vectors of babesiosis (cattle fever tick), which are distributed worldwide. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are important secondary hosts for the cattle fever tick species rhipicephalus (b.) annulatus and rhipicephalus (b.) microplus. white-tailed deer are capable of sustaining boophilus tick populations in the presence or absence of cattle. the objectives of this study were to 1) determine the frequency of b. bovis and b. bigemina and the preva ... | 2008 | 18795810 |
| frequency of antibodies to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of the state of pará, brazil. | babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and trypanosomosis are relevant diseases, potentially causing morbidity in cattle, leading to economic losses. borreliosis is import as a potential zoonosis. the objective of this study was to determine, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), the frequency of seropositive cattle to babesia bigemina, b. bovis, anaplasma marginale, trypanosoma vivax and borrelia burgdorferi in cattle from the northeastern region of pará, brazil. sera samples from 246 femal ... | 2008 | 18823579 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases among cattle in the sudan. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of theileria annulata, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina, and anaplasma marginale antibodies among cattle in the sudan. a total of 600 serum samples were collected from indigenous (zebu) and crossbred cattle (zebu x friesian) of both sex and different age groups. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess antibodies against tick-borne diseases in apparently healthy cattle. the overall prevalence rates of t. annulata, t. m ... | 2009 | 19030878 |
| mediterranean theileriosis and other tick transmitted piroplasmoses in cattle in minorca (balearic islands, spain): the effect of tick control on prevalence levels analyzed by reverse line blot (rlb) macroarrays. | mediterranean theileriosis, caused by theileria annulata, is endemic in minorca (balearic islands, spain). the present study analyzes the prevalence of piroplasm infections in cattle in minorca using reverse line blot (rlb) macroarrays, as well as the effect of herd tick control on those prevalence levels. one hundred and nineteen animals from 12 herds were sampled in representative areas of the island. information was gathered regarding tick control for the animals (frequency and acaricide used ... | 2009 | 19086744 |
| comparison of indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and slide enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) for diagnosis of babesia bigemina infection in bovines. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and slide enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) were standardized for the detection of antibodies specific to babesia bigemina in experimentally infected bovine calves and subsequently used for the screening of naturally infected bovine and bubaline sera. in experimentally infected calves positive reactivity was detected in sera at the earliest on day 7 by both the tests. serological studies for detection of b. bigemina specific antibodies in 180 ... | 2009 | 19115088 |
| infection and seroconversion of susceptible animals introduced into a babesiosis endemic area. | the study aimed to determine the incubation period of babesia sp. infection in naive cattle and to monitor the serological response once exposed to natural boophilus microplus (rhipicephalus microplus)-infested paddocks. the study was carried out on a farm located in veracruz, mexico. five groups of five steers were relocated every 3 months from a tick-free area to a tick-infested paddock. animals were introduced in october, january, april, july, and october. blood samples were taken daily until ... | 2008 | 19120191 |
| expression analysis of heat shock protein 20 and rhoptry-associated protein 1a in sexual stages and kinetes of babesia bigemina. | heat shock protein 20 (hsp-20) and rhoptry-associated protein 1a (rap-1a) are two proteins considered as candidates to be included in vaccines or diagnostics methods for the control of bovine babesiosis. it has been hypothesized that both genes have a basic function in the cellular physiology of erythrocyte-infecting stages; it is not known if they have a functional role in tick stages. the objective of this work was to analyze whether hsp-20 and rap-1a are expressed in sexual stages and kinetes ... | 2008 | 19120192 |
| improved molecular tools for detection of babesia bigemina. | molecular detection of babesia bigemina involves a nested pcr protocol and reverse line blot hybridization (rlbh) assay based on the 18s gene. in this study, we report the development of molecular tools for improving b. bigemina detection in bovine blood-a one-step pcr assay based on the amplification of rap-1a paralogous and a new rlbh babesia spp. 18s probe. the one-step pcr assay is highly specific, with an estimated analytical sensitivity corresponding to 0.00002% parasitemia. the rlbh assay ... | 2008 | 19120197 |
| comparative moleculo-immunological analysis of swamp- and riverine-type water buffaloes responses. | this moleculo-epidemiological and immunological study through cytokine response assessment was done to know the dynamics of cytokines in the initiation, persistence and association to physiological changes of a particular pathogen in water buffaloes. this is important to understand the magnitude and behavior of disease progression. water buffalo blood samples gathered from different places in the philippines revealed a 9.4%, 27.6%, 10.3% and 4.4% prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), ... | 2009 | 19285880 |
| evaluation of babesia bigemina 200 kda recombinant antigen in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a truncated fragment of the gene encoding the 200-kda protein (p200) of babesia bigemina was cloned into a plasmid vector, pgex-4 t-1 and expressed in escherichia coli as a glutathione-s-transferase fused protein. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using the rp200/ct detected specific antibodies in cattle experimentally infected with b. bigemina. furthermore, the antigen did not cross-react with antibodies to babesia bovis, a closely related babesia parasite indicating that rp ... | 2009 | 19294421 |
| babesia bigemina: in vitro multiplication of sporokinetes in ixodes scapularis (ide8) cells. | this paper describes the in vitro multiplication process of babesia bigemina sporokinetes in a cell line (ide8) from ixodes scapularis ticks. the inoculum was obtained from hemolymph of engorged females of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks naturally infected with b. bigemina. these ticks had been fed on calves living in a tick endemic farm in brazil. microscopic morphological details are shown to describe the development of the parasite in the tick cells; the identity of the parasite was ... | 2009 | 19324040 |
| viability assays of intra-erythrocytic organisms using fluorescent dyes. | three intra-erythrocytic tick fever organisms of cattle (babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma centrale) were subjected to a range of stressors, including heat, storage over time, specific chemotherapy and cryopreservation. various stains, both alone and in combination, were used in an attempt to assess viability of these organisms before and after the stressors were applied. carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (cfse) stained live babesia spp. very well while fluorescein diac ... | 2009 | 19380205 |
| detection of tick blood parasites in egypt using pcr assay i--babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are distributed all over the world; the etiologic agents of the animal babesiosis are considered the most important tick-borne disease. the present research work was the first attempt to determine the prevalence of b. bovis and b. bigemina infection in ticks, in egypt, by using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). questing 5,243 hard and soft ticks were collected from different localities throughout the giza governorate. furthermore, dna from 500 different individu ... | 2009 | 19415329 |
| epizootiology of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northeastern mexico. | species of rhipicephalus (boophilus) ticks are the vectors of babesiosis (cattle fever tick), which are distributed worldwide. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are important secondary hosts for the cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus (b.) annulatus and rhipicephalus (b.) microplus. white-tailed deer are capable of sustaining boophilus spp. tick populations in the presence or absence of cattle. the objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of babesia bovis and babesia bigem ... | 2009 | 19642800 |
| first survey for babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection in cattle from central and southern regions of portugal using serological and dna detection methods. | incidence of bovine babesiosis in portugal is currently unknown. in this study, a first survey of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection in cattle was carried out using blood samples from 406 clinically healthy individuals from different districts from central and southern regions of portugal and analyzed by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) and nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr). overall, serological testing revealed that 79% and 52% of cattle were positive for b. b ... | 2009 | 19699587 |
| development of a tandem repeat-based multilocus typing system distinguishing babesia bovis geographic isolates. | mini- and microsatellite sequences have proven to be excellent tools for the differentiation of strains and populations in several protozoan parasites due to their high variability. in the present work we have searched the genome of the tick-transmitted bovine hemoprotozoon babesia bovis for tandem repeats (trs) that could be useful for a multilocus typing system. hundred and nineteen sequences were shortlisted and tested in five common b. bovis reference isolates originating from distinct geogr ... | 2010 | 19833439 |
| molecular and antigenic characterisation of ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 from babesia bovis. | babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen that remains an important constraint for the development of cattle industries in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. effective control can be achieved by vaccination with live attenuated phenotypes of the parasite. however, these phenotypes have a number of drawbacks, which justifies the search for new, more efficient immunogens based mainly on recombinant protein technology. in the present paper, ribosomal phosphoprotein p0 from a brazilian isol ... | 2009 | 20027467 |
| divergence of the mitochondrial genome structure in the apicomplexan parasites, babesia and theileria. | mitochondrial (mt) genomes from diverse phylogenetic groups vary considerably in size, structure, and organization. the genus plasmodium, causative agent of malaria, of the phylum apicomplexa, has the smallest mt genome in the form of a circular and/or tandemly repeated linear element of 6 kb, encoding only three protein genes (cox1, cox3, and cob). the closely related genera babesia and theileria also have small mt genomes (6.6 kb) that are monomeric linear with an organization distinct from pl ... | 2010 | 20034997 |
| molecular detection of babesia spp. and other haemoparasitic infections of cattle in maputo province, mozambique. | molecular detection of babesia species in apparently healthy cattle within an endemic region was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of carriers and the geographical distribution of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in maputo province, mozambique. samples from 477 animals at 5 localities were analysed using 2 techniques, the semi-nested hot-start pcr and the reverse line blot (rlb) assay. with the semi-nested hot-start pcr, detection of b. bigemina ranged between 30% and 89%, and o ... | 2010 | 20128941 |
| serological responses to babesia bovis vaccination in cattle previously infected with babesia bigemina. | serological responses of field cattle (260) on a farm in kwazulu-natal, south africa were determined before and after vaccination with the commercial babesia bovis live-blood vaccine, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). all the cattle tested negative for b. bovis antibodies before vaccination while 83% of them had significant antibody titres (>or=1/80) to babesia bigemina, indicating a high degree of natural exposure to the latter parasite. by day 60 post-vaccination only 53% of ... | 2010 | 20207488 |
| phenamidine in the treatment of babesia bigemina infections of cattle. | | 1947 | 20249289 |
| [seroprevalence of babesiosis in cattle in sivas.] | the purpose of this study was the investigation of the seroprevalence of babesiosis in cattle in the sivas region. serum samples were collected from a total of 240 cattle in the sivas region. serum antibodies against babesia bigemina and babesia bovis for cattle were investigated by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat). in addition, blood smears taken from the ear veins of cattle were prepared and examined under microscope. two hundred and forty cattle from 25 different localities were ... | 2010 | 20340080 |
| pcr-based diagnosis of surra-targeting vsg gene: experimental studies in small laboratory rodents and buffalo. | trypanosoma evansi, the causative organism of 'surra' expresses its variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) at early, middle and late stages of infection in animals. the variable antigenic nature of vsg caused by switching its expression type favours evasion from the host immune response and leads to chronic and persistent infection. developing a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based diagnostic tool targeting the vsg gene is expected to be highly specific and sensitive for diagnosis of surra. hence, ... | 2010 | 20388585 |
| estimating seroprevalence and variation to four tick-borne infections and determination of associated risk factors in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in mbeere district, kenya. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne disease (tbd) parasites (theileria parva, theileria mutans, anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina) was conducted on traditional smallholder mixed farms in mbeere district in kenya. the objective was to estimate the infections' seroprevalence and variation and identify associated risk factors. a total of 440 cattle in 80 farms, selected by stratified random sampling from the four divisions in the district, were surveye ... | 2010 | 20434227 |
| characterization of the apical membrane antigen-1 in italian strains of babesia bigemina. | babesia bigemina is a parasite endemic in different parts of the world, including europe and the americas. one of the few genes characterized in this species codifies for the apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1), a trans-membrane antigen recently identified. in this research, we characterized the ama-1 gene from three italian b. bigemina strains, two b. bigemina strains obtained from ragusa, sicily (ita1 and ita3) and a third one obtained from benevento, campania (ita2). italian sequences were comp ... | 2010 | 20537104 |
| comparison between reverse line blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in diagnosis of major tick-borne diseases of cattle in southern sudan. | the performance of reverse line blot (rlb) in detecting dna of theileria parva, theileria mutans and babesia bigemina was assessed in comparison with specific antibody detection using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) for the same parasites. among 90 field samples from central equatoria state, southern sudan, elisa reported more positive samples than rlb did. the concordance of rlb showed 66.7%, 81.1% and 48.9% relative to the results of elisa for t. parva, t. mutans and b. big ... | 2010 | 20537106 |
| effect of synthesized inhibitors on babesipain-1, a new cysteine protease from the bovine piroplasm babesia bigemina. | papain-like cysteine proteases (cp) have been shown to have essential roles in parasitic protozoa and are under study as promising drug targets. one gene was identified by sequence similarity search to be homologous to the cp family in the ongoing babesia bigemina genome sequencing project database. the newly identified cp gene, called babesipain-1, was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein, and the effect of different inhibitors on proteolytic activity was tested. a series of new artemisinin ... | 2010 | 20537109 |
| validation of an attenuated live vaccine against babesiosis in native cattle in an endemic area. | the objective of this study was to evaluate in native cattle the use of an in vitro derived attenuated live vaccine (babesia bovis-babesia bigemina). three commercial farms located in a tropical region in chiapas state, mexico were included. for each ranch, 40 animals were selected as negative to babesia spp. by using an immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and pcr. animals were distributed in four groups with 10 animals each: (i) <9 months, (ii) 9-18, (iii) 18-36 and (iv) >36 months old. from ... | 2010 | 20537115 |
| a babesia bovis gene syntenic to theileria parva p67 is expressed in blood and tick stage parasites. | completion of the babesia bovis (t2bo strain) genome provides detailed data concerning the predicted proteome of this parasite, and allows for a bioinformatics approach to gene discovery. comparative genomics of the hemoprotozoan parasites b. bovis and theileria parva revealed a highly conserved syntenic block of genes flanking the p67 gene of t. parva, a sporozoite stage-specific vaccine candidate against east coast fever (ecf). the syntenic gene in b. bovis, designated bov57, encodes a protein ... | 2010 | 20638797 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |
| detection of antibodies against babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in calves from the region of araguaína, state of tocantins, brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against b. bovis and b. bigemina in calves from the region of araguaína, state of tocantins, brazil. in this research we used sera obtained from 506 calves, from both genders and of 8 to 24 months old, to detect antibodies by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa-test). statistical analysis of the data was performed using the chi-square (χ²) test with yates correction. the seroprevalence obtained was 90.5 and 91. ... | 2010 | 20943021 |
| the seroprevalence of bovine babesiosis in malaysia. | one hundred sera of malaysian cattle were used in this seroprevalence study for bovine babesiosis. all sera were obtained from the serological unit of the veterinary research institute (vri), ipoh, perak. the sera were tested using a veterinary medical research & development (vmrd) commercial indirect immunofluourescent antibody test (ifat) kit. the results showed that 17.0% were found to be positive for babesia bovis, 16.0% for babesia bigemina, and 9.0% for both b. bovis and b. bigemina infect ... | 2010 | 20962729 |
| detection of babesia and theileria species infection in cattle from portugal using a reverse line blotting method. | babesiosis and theileriosis are tick-borne diseases widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions with high economic impact worldwide. in portugal there are at least 4 tick vectors known to be competent for the transmission of babesia and theileria sp. identified: rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus, ixodes ricinus and haemaphysalis punctata. all these potential babesia and theileria tick vectors are widely distributed in portugal, although they are predominant in the sout ... | 2010 | 21036481 |
| haemoparasite prevalence and theileria parva strain diversity in cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) in uganda. | cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) are considered to be an important reservoir for various tick-borne haemoparasites of veterinary importance. in this study we have compared the haemoparasite carrier prevalence in buffalo from four geographically isolated national parks in uganda [lake mburo national park (lmnp), queen elizabeth national park (qenp), murchison falls national park (mfnp) and kidepo valley national park (kvnp)]. differences were seen in haemoparasite prevalence in buffalo from the fou ... | 2010 | 21074945 |
| epidemiological analysis of tick-borne diseases in zambia. | tick-borne diseases are a constraint to livestock production in many developing countries as they cause high morbidity and mortality, which results in decreased production of meat, milk and other livestock by-products. the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa are east coast fever (caused by theileria parva), babesiosis (caused by babesia bigemina and b. bovis), anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) and heartwater (caused by ehrlichia ruminantium). despite ... | 2010 | 21106294 |
| molecular detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from tom green county in central texas. | serologic and molecular evidence suggest that white-tailed deer in south texas and north mexico carry the agents of bovine babesiosis, babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. to determine if white-tailed deer in central texas, which is outside the known occurrence of the vector tick at this time, harbor these parasites, blood samples from free-ranging and captive white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in tom green county were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for b. bovis and b. b ... | 2010 | 21194841 |
| molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in water buffaloes in the northeast region of thailand. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted hemoprotozoan disease that is mainly caused by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina and is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. the disease is widespread in the northeastern region of thailand, where an increasingly large part of the livestock is composed of water buffaloes. the present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological distribution of b. bovis and b. bigemina in water buffaloes in the northeastern re ... | 2011 | 21324601 |
| response of nkedi zebu and ankole cattle to tick infestation and natural tick-borne, helminth and trypanosome infections in uganda. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in soroti district of uganda to establish important traits of nkedi zebu and ankole cattle regarding their production performance responses to natural infections of trypanosomes, gastrointestinal nematodes, theileria parva, babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale and tick infestations. over four visits between october 2006 to august 2007, tick counts were performed and blood, faecal samples and sera were collected from the nkedi zebu (295) and ankole (165) cat ... | 2011 | 21350849 |
| detection of theileria and babesia in brown brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) and marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus) in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genera theileria and babesia are known to infect both wild and domestic animals, and both are transmitted by hard-ticks of the family ixodidae. the prevalences of hemoprotozoa and ectoparasites in 15 free-living mazama gouazoubira, two captive m. gouazoubira and four captive blastocerus dichotomus from the state of minas gerais, brazil, have been determined through the examination of blood smears and the use of nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr). t ... | 2010 | 21354704 |
| detection and molecular characterization of a canine piroplasm from brazil. | in the beginning of the 20th century, a new canine disease was reported in brazil under the name "nambiuvú", whose etiological agent was called rangelia vitalii, a distinct piroplasm that was shown to parasitize not only erythrocytes, but also leucocytes and endothelial cells. in this new century, more publications on r. vitalii were reported from brazil, including an extensive study on its ultrastructural analysis, in addition to clinical, pathological, and epidemiological data on nambiuvú. how ... | 2011 | 21489694 |
| spatial variation of tick abundance and seroconversion rates of indigenous cattle to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in uganda. | tick abundance and seroconversion rates of 640 indigenous cattle in a mixed crop-livestock system in uganda were investigated in a 14 months longitudinal study. up to 100% of the cattle in buyimini, kubo, nanjeho, ojilai and sitengo villages (high tick challenge zone) were consistently infested with rhipicephalus appendiculatus, whereas on average 50% of the cattle in bunghaji, hitunga and magoje villages (low tick challenge zone) were inconsistently infested. likewise, up to 50% of the cattle i ... | 2011 | 21499913 |
| incipiens linear iga disease with iga antibodies directed against 200-kda epidermal antigens. | | 2011 | 21515442 |
| a novel neutralization sensitive and subdominant rap-1-related antigen (rra) is expressed by babesia bovis merozoites. | summaryobjective. the babesia bovis genome encodes a rap-1 related gene denominated rap-1 related antigen (rra). in this study, we analysed the pattern of expression, immunogenicity and functional relevance of rra. methods. phylogenetic analysis was performed using the program phylip. expression of rra was analysed by northern blots, rt-pcr, immunoprecipitation, western blots and immunofluorescence. rra antigenicity was tested by t-cell proliferation and western blot analysis, and functional rel ... | 2011 | 21554842 |
| haemoprotozoa of cattle in northern kerala, india. | a cross-sectional study was conducted using 150 blood samples collected from apparently normal / healthy crossbred cattle of northern kerala, south india, for detection of haemoprotozoan infections using staining techniques (giemsa and acridine orange) and specific pcr. theileria like piroplasms and babesia bigemina were the only protozoan organisms detected in blood smears. polymerase chain reaction using specific primers revealed amplification of products specific for trypanosoma evansi (34.6% ... | 2011 | 21602771 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of babesia and anaplasma species in cattle in sudan. | disease prevalence studies are one of the most valuable tools to demonstrate the risk or impact of certain infections in local and global economies. the data obtained in these studies contribute to develop strategies for disease control. the present study aims to provide information about the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the northern regions of sudan. blood samples from four different states of sudan were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=692), dna was extracted and the ... | 2011 | 21612870 |
| serological survey of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle in south africa. | a total of 719 serum samples collected from clinically healthy cattle from eight provinces located in different districts of south africa were examined by the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the standard indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) to determine the serological prevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. the results showed that 35.3% and 39.7% of cattle were positive for b. bovis and 30% and 36.5% were positive for b. bigemina antibodies on elisa and ifa ... | 2011 | 21700393 |
| nilgai antelope in northern mexico as a possible carrier for cattle fever ticks and babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | of 20 blood samples from nilgais from m+®xico, five were polymerase chain reaction-positive for babesia bigemina and one for babesia bovis. positive samples had the expected 170 (b. bigemina) and 291 (b. bovis) base pairs and were identical to gen-bank b. bigemina accession s45366 and b. bovis m38218. | 2011 | 21719852 |
| New insights into the epidemiology of bovine piroplasmoses in Italy. | Few studies have been published on bovine piroplasmoses in Italy, and therefore a clear picture of the epidemiology of these infections is difficult to obtain. Vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in Central and Northern Regions of Italy were investigated in 2005 and 2006, when microscopy, molecular tools and serological tests were applied to 468 blood samples drawn from cattle in order to evaluate the presence of these protozoa and identify possible risk factors. Ticks were also collected, identif ... | 2011 | 21864982 |
| Anti-babesial activity of a potent peptide fragment derived from longicin of Haemaphysalis longicornis. | Babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne diseases affecting livestock that can cause major economic losses worldwide particularly in the tropics. Control relies on controlling both the protozoan parasite and the tick vector. Antiprotozoal drugs are most commonly used for treatment, but problems on emergence of resistant strains and food residues are encountered. Longicin, a defensin-like peptide identified from the hard tick, Haemapysalis longicornis, as well as one of its synthetic pa ... | 2012 | 22102016 |
| an epidemiological survey on bovine and ovine babesiosis in kurdistan province, western iran. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the babesia infection in domestic animals in kurdistan province of iran for the first time. in this survey, 9,111 domestic livestock, including cattle and sheep, were randomly sampled and examined from 500 flocks in kurdistan province from july 2007 to september 2009. thin peripheral blood smears were taken and then stained by giemsa staining method. from a total of 9,111 collected samples, 2,642 were sheep and 6,469 were cattle. babesia s ... | 2012 | 22109588 |
| comparison of diagnostic methods to detect piroplasms in asymptomatic cattle. | this study was carried out to compare different diagnostic techniques to reveal the presence of piroplasms in asymptomatic cattle kept at pasture. nineteen blood samples were collected from animals of two different areas of emilia romagna region of italy and processed for microscopic observation, pcr, serological test (ifat) for babesia bovis and babesia bigemina antibodies and in vitro cultivation. the cultures were performed on both bovine and ovine erythrocytes. seventeen blood smears (89%) w ... | 2012 | 21846583 |
| expression and characterization of the babesia bigemina cysteine protease bbicpl1. | bbicpl1 was the first papain-like cysteine protease from a piroplasm to be identified with proteolytic activity. here we report the improved production of the active recombinant enzyme, and the biochemical characterization of this potential drug target. bbicpl1 showed characteristic properties of its class, including hydrolysis of papain-family peptide substrates, an acidic ph optimum, requirement of a reducing environment for maximum activity, and inhibition by standard cysteine protease inhibi ... | 2012 | 21986365 |
| occurrence of theileria and babesia species in water buffalo (bubalus babalis, linnaeus, 1758) in the hubei province, south china. | the presence and prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in water buffalo from the hubei province, south china was investigated using the reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay and phylogenetic analysis of the parasite 18s rrna gene. theileria buffeli (19.1%) was the most frequently found species in all of the locations, followed by babesia orientalis (8.9%), babesia bovis (1.0%) and babesia bigemina (0.7%). only 12 (3.9%) of the samples had mixed infections. eleven samples with single infe ... | 2011 | 22154255 |
| Targeting the tick protective antigen subolesin reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection by Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina. | The ultimate goal of vector vaccines is the control of vector infestations while reducing pathogen infection and transmission to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens. Previously (Vaccine 2011;29:2248-2254), we demonstrated that subolesin vaccination and release of tick larvae after subolesin knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) were effective for the control of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations in cattle. In this study, we used the fact t ... | 2011 | 21951878 |
| functional genomics studies of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus ticks in response to infection with the cattle protozoan parasite, babesia bigemina. | ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals as well as humans, considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases, but the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. babesia spp. are tick-borne pathogens that cause a disease called babesiosis in a wide range of animals and in humans. in particular, babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are transmitted by cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatu ... | 2012 | 22265898 |
| a highly sensitive dna bead-based suspension array for the detection and species identification of bovine piroplasms. | piroplasms are among the most harmful tick-borne pathogens for livestock and sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for rapid detection and identification of the different species are needed for effective control. reverse line blot has been the molecular technique of choice but it is laborious, time-consuming and highly susceptible to subjective variation in the interpretation of the hybridisation signal. here, an oligonucleotide multiplex suspension microarray (luminex® microsphere system) w ... | 2011 | 22233830 |
| molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle from central region of syria. | a total of 207 bovine blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle bred in central region of syria and examined by giemsa-stained blood smears, nested pcr, elisa, and ifat to determine the molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bovis and b. bigemina. all samples were negative to babesia spp. by microscopic examination of blood smears. on the other hand, the overall prevalence of b. bovis and b. bigemina was 9.18% and 15.46% by npcr, 15.46% and 18.84% by elisa, and 18.36% ... | 2012 | 22265803 |
| blocking babesia bovis vaccine reactions of dairy cattle in milk. | the use of 1.16 mg/kg (one third) of the recommended dose of diminazene aceturate, administered indiscriminately to cattle on day seven of the unfrozen babesia bovis and babesia bigemina bivalent live blood vaccine reaction, was an infection and block treatment method of immunisation used successfully with no known adverse effect on the parasites or the development of protective immunity. continuing with this practice after replacement of the unfrozen vaccine with deep-frozen monovalent b. bovis ... | 2012 | 23327323 |
| multi-locus typing scheme for babesia bovis and babesia bigemina reveals high levels of genetic variability in strains from northern argentina. | bovine babesiosis, caused by the protozoa babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, is a tick-borne disease distributed in tropical regions worldwide. current control measures are based on the use of acaricides and live attenuated vaccines. the major economic impact of babesiosis lies in the cattle industry. in order to gain insight into the extent of genetic diversity in populations of parasites in the field, we developed two mlst schemes for the molecular genotyping of b. bigemina and b. bovis. we h ... | 2012 | 23287026 |
| oral vaccination with vaccinia virus expressing the tick antigen subolesin inhibits tick feeding and transmission of borrelia burgdorferi. | immunization with the ixodes scapularis protein, subolesin, has previously been shown to protect hosts against tick infestation and to decrease acquisition of anaplsma marginale and babesia bigemina. here we report the efficacy of subolesin, a conserved tick protein that can act as a regulator of gene expression, expressed from vaccinia virus for use as an orally delivered reservoir - targeted vaccine for prevention of tick infestation and acquisition/transmission of borrelia burgdorferi to its ... | 2012 | 22864146 |
| tick capillary feeding for the study of proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions as potential antigens for the control of tick infestation and pathogen infection. | ticks represent a significant health risk to animals and humans due to the variety of pathogens they can transmit during feeding. the traditional use of chemicals to control ticks has serious drawbacks, including the selection of acaricide-resistant ticks and environmental contamination with chemical residues. vaccination with the tick midgut antigen bm86 was shown to be a good alternative for cattle tick control. however, results vary considerably between tick species and geographic location. t ... | 2014 | 24450836 |
| identification of papain-like cysteine proteases from the bovine piroplasm babesia bigemina and evolutionary relationship of piroplasms c1 family of cysteine proteases. | papain-like cysteine proteases have been shown to have essential roles in parasitic protozoa and are under study as promising drug targets. five genes were identified by sequence similarity search to be homologous to the cysteine protease family in the ongoing babesia bigemina genome sequencing project database and were compared with the annotated genes from the complete bovine piroplasm genomes of babesia bovis, theileria annulata, and theileria parva. multiple genome alignments and sequence an ... | 2011 | 20655912 |
| evaluation of the in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of epoxomicin on babesia parasites. | epoxomicin potently and irreversibly inhibits the catalytic activity of proteasomal subunits. treatment of proliferating cells with epoxomicin results in cell death through accumulation of ubiquinated proteins. thus, epoxomicin has been proposed as a potential anti-cancer drug. in the present study, the inhibitory effects of epoxomicin on the in vitro growth of bovine and equine babesia parasites were evaluated. the inhibitory effect of epoxomicin on the in vivo growth of babesia microti was als ... | 2010 | 19896277 |
| control of tick infestations and pathogen prevalence in cattle and sheep farms vaccinated with the recombinant subolesin-major surface protein 1a chimeric antigen. | despite the use of chemical acaricides, tick infestations continue to affect animal health and production worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for tick control. vaccination with the candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), has been shown experimentally to be effective in controlling vector infestations and pathogen infection. furthermore, escherichia coli membranes containing the chimeric antigen composed of sub fused ... | 2014 | 24398155 |
| disaggregating tropical disease prevalence by climatic and vegetative zones within tropical west africa. | tropical infectious disease prevalence is dependent on many socio-cultural determinants. however, rainfall and temperature frequently underlie overall prevalence, particularly for vector-borne diseases. as a result these diseases have increased prevalence in tropical as compared to temperate regions. specific to tropical africa, the tendency to incorrectly infer that tropical diseases are uniformly prevalent has been partially overcome with solid epidemiologic data. this finer resolution data is ... | 2016 | 27022740 |
| emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in assam, india. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of theileria in blood samples of crossbred and indigenous adult cows raised under unorganized small scale farming system in a babesia and anaplasma endemic geographical area from assam, india and to see its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. | 2015 | 27047205 |
| diagnosis and management of bovine babesiosis outbreaks in cattle in punjab state. | the aim of the present study was to diagnose severe outbreaks of bovine babesiosis in punjab state, in the year 2015 and to suggest control and preventive measures to animal owners. | 2016 | 28096607 |
| genetic characterization and molecular survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia ovata in cattle, dairy cattle and yaks in china. | babesiosis is an important haemoparasitic disease, caused by the infection and subsequent intra-erythrocytic multiplication of protozoa of the genus babesia that impacts the livestock industry and animal health. the distribution, epidemiology and genetic characterization of b. bigemina, b. bovis, and b. ovata in cattle in china as well as the prevalence of these protozoan agents were assessed. | 2015 | 26452623 |
| molecular detection of babesia bigemina infection in apparently healthy cattle of central plain zone of punjab. | bovine babesiosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by the parasites belonging to the genus babesia, distributed worldwide and infecting a wide range of domesticated and wild cattle, occasionally man. the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of b. bigemina infection in apparently healthy cattle from central plain zone of punjab, india. examination of giemsa-stained peripheral thin blood smears revealed 2.45 % (5/204) animals to be positive for piroplasms of b. bigemina ... | 2014 | 26688628 |
| pcr-based detection of babesia spp. infection in collected ticks from cattle in west and north-west of iran. | babesiosis is a haemoparasitic disease of domestic and wild animals caused by species of the genus babesia. babesia bigemina, b. bovis and b. divergens are known to be pathogenic in cattle. the disease is transmitted during blood feeding by infected ticks and is the most economically important tick-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. ixodid ticks are vectors in the transmission of babesiosis. the classic presentation is a febrile syndrome with apparent anemia and hemoglobinuria. thi ... | 2013 | 24409438 |
| molecular prevalence of babesia bigemina and trypanosoma evansi in dairy animals from punjab, india, by duplex pcr: a step forward to the detection and management of concurrent latent infections. | specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was employed on 411 (386 cattle and 25 buffaloes) blood samples of dairy animals from 9 districts of punjab, india, for simultaneous detection of babesia bigemina and trypanosoma evansi. the results were compared and correlated with conventional giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) examination and haematological alterations to know the clinical status and pathogenicity of infections. the bg3/bg4 and tr3/tr4 primers were used in duplex pcr for b. ... | 2013 | 24069605 |
| diagnosis of tropical bovine theileriosis by elisa with recombinant merozoite surface protein of theileria annulata (tams1). | theileria annulata merozoite surface protein (tams1) and native soluble piroplasm antigen of an indian isolate of t. annulata were used to optimize an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect anti-theileria antibodies in cross-bred cattle experimentally infected with sporozoites or immunized with macroschizonts of the homologous strain of the parasite. the recombinant protein has showed similar antibody titre when compared with the sonicated merozoite/piroplasm antigen in an elisa. if ... | 2012 | 24505176 |
| prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle of ludhiana district, punjab. | a total of 862 cattle were sampled for both haematological (703) and coprological (159) investigations at the large animal clinics, gadvasu, ludhiana, punjab, india. examination of giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears exhibited that 22.9 % (161/703) of cattle were infected with haematozoa comprising theileria annulata (14.65 %), trypanosoma evansi (0.28 %), babesia bigemina (1.56 %) and anaplasma marginale (8.53 %) while mixed infection appeared in 2.13 % (15/703) animals. the prevalence of to ... | 2012 | 24082538 |
| blood parasites of livestock in certain regions in saudi arabia. | blood samples from camels, sheep, goats and cattle from six regions in saudi arabia were examined for blood parasites. asir region camels were disinfected while those of the eastern, jazan, northern frontiers, riyadh and tabouk regions were infected with trypanosoma evansi (5-40%), those of riyadh and the eastern regions were infected with dipetalonema evansi (1-6%) and those of the eastern, jazan and riyadh regions were infected with eperythrozoon species (8-20%). sheep and goats of all tested ... | 0 | 23961044 |
| molecular detection and characterization of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria species and anaplasma marginale isolated from cattle in kenya. | infections with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria species and anaplasma marginale are endemic in kenya yet there is a lack of adequate information on their genotypes. this study established the genetic diversities of the above tick-borne hemoparasites infecting cattle in kenya. | 2015 | 26420543 |
| retrospective study of hemoparasites in cattle in southern italy by reverse line blot hybridization. | tick-borne diseases are widespread in tropical and temperate regions and are responsible for important economic losses in those areas. in order to assess the presence and prevalence of various pathogens in southern italy, we retrospectively analyzed cattle blood samples collected for a previous study in 2000 using reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the study had been carried out in three regions of southern italy on 1,500 randomly selected and apparently healthy adult cattle. rlb showed that ... | 2014 | 24614604 |
| piroplasmosis in wildlife: babesia and theileria affecting free-ranging ungulates and carnivores in the italian alps. | piroplasmosis are among the most relevant diseases of domestic animals. babesia is emerging as cause of tick-borne zoonosis worldwide and free-living animals are reservoir hosts of several zoonotic babesia species. we investigated the epidemiology of babesia spp. and theileria spp. in wild ungulates and carnivores from northern italy to determine which of these apicomplexan species circulate in wildlife and their prevalence of infection. | 2014 | 24533742 |
| a longitudinal assessment of the serological response to theileria parva and other tick-borne parasites from birth to one year in a cohort of indigenous calves in western kenya. | tick-borne diseases are a major impediment to improved productivity of livestock in sub-saharan africa. improved control of these diseases would be assisted by detailed epidemiological data. here we used longitudinal, serological data to determine the patterns of exposure to theileria parva, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale from 548 indigenous calves in western kenya. the percentage of calves seropositive for the first three parasites declined from initial high levels d ... | 2014 | 24838078 |
| what's in your next-generation sequence data? an exploration of unmapped dna and rna sequence reads from the bovine reference individual. | next-generation sequencing projects commonly commence by aligning reads to a reference genome assembly. while improvements in alignment algorithms and computational hardware have greatly enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of alignments, a significant percentage of reads often remain unmapped. | 2015 | 26714747 |
| tick-borne pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance in nigerian cattle. | ticks and tick-borne diseases undermine cattle fitness and productivity in the whole of sub-saharan africa, including nigeria. in this west african country, cattle are challenged by numerous tick species, especially during the wet season. consequently, several tbds are known to be endemic in nigerian cattle, including anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cowdriosis and theilerioris (by theileria mutans and theileria velifera). to date, all investigations on cattle tbds in nigeria have been based on cytolog ... | 2016 | 27090756 |
| molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine babesia spp., theileria orientalis, and anaplasma marginale in beef cattle in thailand. | babesia spp., theileria orientalis, and anaplasma marginale are significant tick-borne pathogens that affect the health and productivity of cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. in this study, we used pcr to detect the presence of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, and t. orientalis in 279 beef cattle from western thailand and a. marginale in 608 beef cattle from the north, northeastern, and western regions. the pcrs were performed using species-specific primers based on the b. bovis spherical ... | 2017 | 28028631 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina infections and associated risk factors in machakos county, kenya. | anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina are important tick-borne pathogens of cattle. a cross-sectional survey was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of a. marginale and b. bigemina infections and identify associated risk factors on traditional smallholder farms in machakos county, kenya. a total of 421 cattle from 127 farms from four divisions in the county were sampled and visited between september and november 2007. the farms were selected by a proportional allocation approach based ... | 2017 | 27878428 |
| seasonal incidence of parasitic diseases in bovines of south western gujarat (junagadh), india. | the current study was conducted to investigate the incidence of parasitic diseases in bovines which were sick and brought at veterinary hospital for treatment. a total of 366 samples were investigated from cattle (n = 175) and buffaloes (n = 191) presented at teaching veterinary clinical complex (tvcc), veterinary college, junagadh, gujarat during january to december 2014. examination of giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears exhibited that 58.6 % of cattle and 41.2 % of buffaloes were infected ... | 2016 | 27876944 |
| seroprevalence of babesia bovis, b. bigemina, trypanosoma evansi, and anaplasma marginale antibodies in cattle in southern egypt. | babesia bovis, b. bigemina, trypanosoma evansi, and anaplasma marginale infections cause serious diseases in cattle, and are primarily transmitted by arthropod vectors (ticks for b. bovis, b. bigemina, and a. marginale and various types of flies for t. evansi). in the last few years, there have been many reports of a high prevalence of certain protozoan infections in northern egypt, but no accurate or adequate data are available for the southern regions. therefore, in this study, we screened for ... | 2017 | 27789159 |
| prevalence of haemoprotozoan infections in bovines of shimoga region of karnataka state. | a study was conducted to record the prevalence of haemoprotozoan infections in bovines of shimoga region for a period of 1 year from april 2012 to march 2013. a total of 300 blood samples were examined for the presence of haemoprotozoan parasites, of which 215 from cattle and 85 from buffaloes were examined by giemsa staining technique. out of 300 blood samples examined, 130 (43.3 %) were found positive for haemoprotozoan infections. out of 215 cattle blood samples examined, 62 (28.8 %) were pos ... | 2016 | 27605804 |
| parasites of domestic and wild animals in south africa. l. ixodid ticks infesting horses and donkeys. | the aim of the study was to determine the species spectrum of ixodid ticks that infest horses and donkeys in south africa and to identify those species that act as vectors of disease to domestic livestock. ticks were collected opportunistically from 391 horses countrywide by their owners or grooms, or by veterinary students and staff at the faculty of veterinary science, university of pretoria. ticks were also collected from 76 donkeys in limpopo province, 2 in gauteng province and 1 in north we ... | 2017 | 28281774 |
| type-specific pcr assays for babesia bovis msa-1 genotypes in asia: revisiting the genetic diversity in sri lanka, mongolia, and vietnam. | babesia bovis is the most virulent babesia organism, resulting in a high mortality rate in cattle. the genetic diversity of b. bovis merozoite surface antigens (msas), such as msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c, might be linked to altered immune profiles in the host animals. the present study aimed to develop type-specific pcr assays for asian msa-1 genotypes, thereby re-analyzing the genetic diversity of msa-1 in sri lanka, mongolia, and vietnam. specific primers were designed for nine asian msa-1 genot ... | 2016 | 26520797 |
| parasitological and molecular surveys reveal high rates of infection with vector-borne pathogens and clinical anemia signs associated with infection in cattle from two important livestock areas in colombia. | in colombia, vector-borne diseases are one of the most important problems in the livestock industry. the present study reports parasitological and molecular surveys of vector-borne pathogens in cattle from two high-value livestock areas in colombia. a total of 464 samples (226 from antioquia and 238 from arauca) were analyzed. while the blood smear analysis identified 98 (21.1%), 14 (3.0%) and 30 (6.5%) positive samples for anaplasma spp., babesia spp. and trypanosoma spp., respectively, the mol ... | 2017 | 27956049 |
| molecular biological identification of babesia, theileria, and anaplasma species in cattle in egypt using pcr assays, gene sequence analysis and a novel dna microarray. | in this preliminary study, a novel dna microarray system was tested for the diagnosis of bovine piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in comparison with microscopy and pcr assay results. in the dakahlia governorate, egypt, 164 cattle were investigated for the presence of piroplasms and anaplasma species. all investigated cattle were clinically examined. blood samples were screened for the presence of blood parasites using microscopy and pcr assays. seventy-one animals were acutely ill, whereas 93 were ... | 2015 | 25591406 |
| species distribution modelling for rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in benin, west africa: comparing datasets and modelling algorithms. | rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most widely distributed and economically important ticks, transmitting babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale. it was recently introduced to west africa on live animals originating from brazil. knowing the precise environmental suitability for the tick would allow veterinary health officials to draft vector control strategies for different regions of the country. to test the performance of modelling algorithms and different sets of environmental ... | 2015 | 25466219 |
| study of vitellogenin in boophilus annulatus tick larvae and its immunological aspects. | boophilus annulatus is an important one-host tick in the mediterranean regions and iran. it can transmit the babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale to cattle. nowadays, immunization programs by tick proteins is one of the potential methods for the control and prevention of tick infestations. therefore, the characterization and identification of various tick proteins are necessary. vitellogenin is a precursor of vitellin that is produced in mid gut cells and fat bodies in ticks. ... | 2014 | 25382465 |
| first evaluation of an outbreak of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in southern brazil using multiplex pcr. | outbreaks of tick-borne disease cases in santa catarina, brazil are known, but the presence of the pathogen dna has never been determined. in this study, the first survey of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, and babesia bovis dna on blood samples of 33 cattle from an outbreak in ponte alta municipality, santa catarina, brazil, has been carried out. a multiplex pcr detected 54.5% of animals were co-infected with 2 or 3 parasites, while 24.2% were infected with only 1 species. the most preval ... | 2014 | 25352699 |
| bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis complex: diagnosis and evaluation of the risk factors from bahia, brazil. | direct diagnoses were made by using - blood smears and nested pcr (npcr) tests on 309 blood samples from crossbred dairy cattle in the municipality of ibicaraí, bahia. from diagnostic blood smear slides, the observed parasitic frequencies were 31.1% for anaplasma marginale and 20.4% for babesia sp. from npcr diagnoses, they were 63% for a. marginale, 34% for babesia bigemina and 20.4% for babesia bovis. there were significant differences (p <0.01) between the two diagnostic methods (npcr and blo ... | 2016 | 25271452 |
| prevalence survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. | although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. the present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, and babesia bovis in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. a total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and s ... | 2014 | 24563780 |
| identification and characterization of a trypanosoma congolense 46 kda protein as a candidate serodiagnostic antigen. | trypanosoma congolense is a major livestock pathogen in africa, causing large economic losses with serious effects on animal health. reliable serodiagnostic tests are therefore urgently needed to control t. congolense infection. in this study, we have identified one t. congolense protein as a new candidate serodiagnostic antigen. the 46.4 kda protein (tcp46, gene id: tcil3000.0.25950) is expressed 5.36 times higher in metacyclic forms than epimastigote forms. the complete nucleotide sequences of ... | 2014 | 24492330 |
| a proline racemase based pcr for identification of trypanosoma vivax in cattle blood. | a study was conducted to develop a trypanosoma vivax (t. vivax) specific pcr based on the t. vivax proline racemase (tvprac) gene. forward and reverse primers were designed that bind at 764-783 bp and 983-1002 bp of the gene. to assess its specificity, tvprac pcr was conducted on dna extracted from different haemotropic pathogens: t. vivax from nigeria, ethiopia and venezuela, t. congolense savannah type, t. brucei brucei, t. evansi, t. equiperdum, t. theileri, theileria parva, anaplasma margina ... | 2014 | 24416292 |
| vaccination with proteins involved in tick-pathogen interactions reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection. | tick-borne pathogens cause diseases that greatly impact animal health and production worldwide. the ultimate goal of tick vaccines is to protect against tick-borne diseases through the control of vector infestations and reducing pathogen infection and transmission. tick genetic traits are involved in vector-pathogen interactions and some of these molecules such as subolesin (sub) have been shown to protect against vector infestations and pathogen infection. based on these premises, herein we cha ... | 2013 | 24084474 |