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in vitro and in vivo prophylactic and curative activity of the triterpene saponin px-6518 against cutaneous leishmania species.the oleanane triterpene saponin px-6518, with known potent in vitro and in vivo activity against leishmania donovani, was investigated for its spectrum against the cutaneous species leishmania mexicana, leishmania panamensis and leishmania major.201021131319
vanadium polypyridyl compounds as potential antiparasitic and antitumoral agents: new achievements.in the search for new therapeutic tools against diseases produced by kinetoplastid parasites five vanadyl complexes, [v(iv)o(l-2h)(phen)], including 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and tridentate salicylaldehyde semicarbazone derivatives as ligands have been synthesized and characterized in the solid state and in solution by using different techniques. epr suggested a distorted octahedral geometry with the tridentate semicarbazone occupying three equatorial positions and phen coordinated in an equato ...201021194632
leishmanicidal activity of synthetic antimicrobial peptides in an infection model with human dendritic cells.different species of leishmania are responsible for cutaneous, mucocutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis infections in millions of people around the world [14]. the adverse reactions caused by antileishmanial drugs, emergence of resistance and lack of a vaccine have motivated the search for new therapeutic options to control this disease. different sources of antimicrobial molecules are under study as antileishmanial agents, including peptides with antimicrobial and/or immunomodulatory activity, w ...201121262294
toll-like receptors participate in macrophage activation and intracellular control of leishmania (viannia) panamensis.toll-like receptors (tlrs) play a central role in macrophage activation and control of parasitic infections. their contribution to the outcome of leishmania infection is just beginning to be deciphered. we examined the interaction of leishmania panamensis with tlrs in the activation of host macrophages. l. panamensis infection resulted in up-regulation of tlr1, tlr2, tlr3 and tlr4 expression, and induced tnfα secretion by human primary macrophages at comparable levels and kinetics as specific tl ...201121518783
systemic therapy of new world cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case report and review article.cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease endemic to central and south america, mexico and the caribbean, and affects millions of people. as travel to these regions becomes more common, cutaneous leishmaniasis is becoming a disease of increasing importance in the developed world. however, disease recognition and access to appropriate therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis remains a challenge in north america. the present article reports a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a canadian man following a tri ...201021629609
a cluster of cutaneous leishmaniasis associated with human smuggling.abstract. cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is rarely seen in the united states, and the social and geographic context of the infection can be a key to its diagnosis and management. four somali and one ethiopian, in u.s. border patrol custody, came to the united states by the same human trafficking route: djibouti to dubai to moscow to havana to quito; and then by ground by columbia/panama to the united states - mexico border where they were detained. although traveling at different times, all five p ...201121633017
antiparasitic bromotyrosine derivatives from the marine sponge verongula rigida.nine bromotyrosine-derived compounds were isolated from the caribbean marine sponge verongula rigida. two of them, aeroplysinin-1 (1) and dihydroxyaerothionin (2), are known compounds for this species, and the other seven are unknown compounds for this species, namely: 3,5-dibromo-n,n,n-trimethyltyraminium (3), 3,5-dibromo-n,n,n, o-tetramethyltyraminium (4), purealidin r (5), 19-deoxyfistularin 3 (6), purealidin b (7), 11-hydroxyaerothionin (8) and fistularin-3 (9). structural determination of t ...201122073002
acute new world cutaneous leishmaniasis presenting as tuberculoid granulomatous dermatitis.acute primary cutaneous leishmaniasis typically presents microscopically with a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate containing admixed plasma cells, parasitized macrophages and abundant organisms. tuberculoid granulomatous changes may occur in the later phases of primary infection. a 23-year-old male presented 1 month after visiting peru with classic clinical findings of acute primary cutaneous leishmaniasis, while histopathology showed a tuberculoid granulomatous process that lacked any organisms in h ...201222236114
disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: report of 27 cases.disseminated leishmaniasis (dl) is a poorly described disease that is frequently misdiagnosed as other clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) such as diffuse cl or post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. twenty-seven cases of dl diagnosed between 1997 and 2015 are described. a higher prevalence was observed in men (mean age 32 years). the number of lesions per patient ranged from 12 to 294, distributed mainly in the upper extremities, face and trunk. the lesions were mostly plaques ...201726557074
noninferiority of miltefosine versus meglumine antimoniate for cutaneous leishmaniasis in children.background. children have a lower response rate to antimonial drugs and higher elimination rate of antimony (sb) than adults. oral miltefosine has not been evaluated for pediatric cutaneous leishmaniasis. methods. a randomized, noninferiority clinical trial with masked evaluation was conducted at 3 locations in colombia where leishmania panamensis and leishmania guyanensis predominated. one hundred sixteen children aged 2-12 years with parasitologically confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis were ran ...201222238470
development of a novel formulation with hypericin to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis based on photodynamic therapy in in vitro and in vivo studies.an evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity in vitro and in vivo of hypericin, an expanded-spectrum photosensitizer found in hypericum perforatum, is presented. hypericin was evaluated against intracellular amastigotes in vitro of leishmania (viannia) panamensis. a topical formulation containing 0.5% hypericin was developed and assayed in vivo in a hamster model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. results demonstrate that hypericin induces a significant antiamastigote effect in vitro against l. panamen ...201526169411
[differential expression of proteins in leishmania (viannia) panamensis associated with mechanisms of resistance to meglumine antimoniate].the well-known drug resistance mechanisms to pentavalent antimony have been widely described in strains of the leishmania subgenus, but little is known about the mechanisms of resistance and the proteins associated with it in strains of the viannia subgenus such as leishmania panamensis.201223715190
an epidemic outbreak of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia caused by leishmania braziliensis and leishmania panamensis.the largest recorded outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia's history occurred during 2005-2009 in soldiers of the colombian army, with ~40,000 cases. this outbreak was caused by the influx of military personnel into the jungle with the mission of combat illicit crops and the guerrilla. the soldiers remain for long periods within the rainforest and are exposed to the bite of infected sand flies. during the military activities, soldiers work with dogs specially trained to detect landmine ...022556078
cutaneous leishmaniasis in dogs: is high seroprevalence indicative of a reservoir role?american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is a complex disease with a rich diversity of animal host species. this diversity imposes a challenge, since understanding acl transmission requires the adequate identification of reservoir hosts, those species able to be a source of additional infections. in this study we present results from an acl cross-sectional serological survey of 51 dogs (canis familiaris), where we used diagnostic tests that measure dog's exposure to leishmania spp. parasites. we d ...201525990429
leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts and naturally-occurring compounds from two lauraceae species.the in vitro leishmanicidal effects of ethanolic extracts and fifteen naturally-occurring compounds (five lignans, eight neolignans, a diterpene and a dihydrochalcone), obtained from pleurothyrium cinereum and ocotea macrophylla, were evaluated on promastigotes of leishmania panamensis and l. braziliensis. in addition, in order to determine the selective action on leishmania species as a safety principle, in vitro cytotoxicity on j774 cells was also evaluated for test compounds and extracts. one ...201121425681
imported new world cutaneous leishmaniasis in a traveller from slovakia.we present a case of imported leishmaniasis in a 31-year-old woman from slovakia, who visited the countries of south america for three months in 2011. on 29 and 31 august 2011, she was probably infected with leishmania parasites in the jungles of ecuador. approximately one week after returning to slovakia, a small papules appeared on patient's left leg. another wound was found after two weeks. both ulcers were enlarging. we proved amastigote forms of leishmania spp. only in repeated dermal scrap ...201525869571
[styrylquinolines-type synthetic compounds with leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities].leishmaniasis is a major public health problem faced by many countries, including colombia. its treatment has limitations such as the toxicity of the drugs used, the emergence of resistant strains, and prolonged and expensive treatments. thus, there is an urgent need to find alternative solutions.201425504250
cell accumulation and antileishmanial effect of exogenous and endogenous protoporphyrin ix after photodynamic treatment.photodynamic therapy (pdt) using 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin ix (ala-ppix) constitutes an interesting alternative for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment.201625504248
the flagellar protein flag1/smp1 is a candidate for leishmania-sand fly interaction.leishmaniasis is a serious problem that affects mostly poor countries. various species of leishmania are the agents of the disease, which take different clinical manifestations. the parasite is transmitted by sandflies, predominantly from the phlebotomus genus in the old world and lutzomyia in the new world. during development in the gut, leishmania must survive various challenges, which include avoiding being expelled with blood remnants after digestion. it is believed that attachment to the gu ...025793476
the hsp90 inhibitor 17-aag potentiates the antileishmanial activity of the ether lipid edelfosine.hsp90 is an abundant protein in leishmania parasites that plays a major role in the parasite survival under stress conditions. here we found that the hsp90 inhibitor 17-aag (≥100nm 17-aag) induced cell cycle arrest at g0/g1 in leishmania infantum and leishmania panamensis promastigotes, and highly potentiated the induction of cell death by an apoptotic-like process mediated by the ether phospholipid edelfosine (5-20μm). these data suggest that the combined treatment of 17-aag and edelfosine migh ...201424299925
seco-limonoids and quinoline alkaloids from raputia heptaphylla and their antileishmanial activity.a novel seco-limonoid, rel-(1s,5r,9s,7r,8s,9r,10s,11r,13s,14r,15r,17r)-11,19-dihydroxy-7-acetoxy-7-deoxoichangin (raputiolide) (1), and two novel quinolone alkaloids n-methyl-2-phenoxyquinolin-4(1h)-one (heptaphyllone a) (2) and 6-methylbenzofuro[2,3-b]quinolin-4(1h)-one (heptaphyllone b) (3), along with the known seco-limonoid ichangin (4), were isolated from raputia heptaphylla pittier (rutaceae) stem bark. five known alkaloids, n-methyl-8-methoxyflindersine (5), skimmianine (6), kokusaginine ...201121720036
use of a fluorescent stain for evaluating in vitro infection with leishmania panamensis.leishmaniasis is a group of endemic diseases produced by infection with leishmania parasites and affects tropical and subtropical regions of the world. due to the severe problems related to the treatment of this condition (resistance and toxicity), further studies are needed to evaluate new antileishmanial compounds. the activity of antileishmanial prototypes should be analyzed in models that allow a better interpretation of the findings with respect to natural infection. in this sense, the use ...201121684278
synthesis of novel quinoline-based 4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrazoles as potential anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial and antiprotozoal agents.a new series of n-substituted 2-pyrazolines 9a-f, 10a-f, 11a-f, 12a-f and 13a-f were obtained from the cyclocondensation reaction of [(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)amino]chalcones 8a-f with hydrazine hydrate and its derivatives. fourteen of the synthesized compounds including the starting chalcones were selected by us national cancer institute (nci) for testing their anticancer activity against 60 different human cancer cell lines, with the most important gi50 values ranging from 0.28 to 11.7 μm (0.13- ...201728329730
the immunotherapeutic role of regulatory t cells in leishmania (viannia) panamensis infection.leishmania (viannia) parasites are etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. infection is characterized by a mixed th1/th2 inflammatory response, which contributes to disease pathology. however, the role of regulatory t cells (tregs) in leishmania (viannia) disease pathogenesis is unclear. using the mouse model of chronic l. (v.) panamensis infection, we examined the hypothesis that treg functionality contributes to control of pathogenesis. upon infection, tregs (cd4(+)foxp ...201425098291
local delivery of the toll-like receptor 9 ligand cpg downregulates host immune and inflammatory responses, ameliorating established leishmania (viannia) panamensis chronic infection.infection by leishmania (viannia) panamensis, the predominant etiologic agent for cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia, is characterized by a chronic mixed inflammatory response. current treatment options are plagued by toxicity, lengthy treatment regimens, and growing evidence of drug resistance. immunotherapy, modulating the immune system to mount a protective response, may provide an alternate therapeutic approach. we investigated the ability of the toll-like receptor 9 (tlr9) ligand cpg to mo ...201728052994
short communication: mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in hiv-related immune reconstitution syndrome.immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) is an immuno-pathologic reaction to quiescent opportunistic microbial pathogens upon restoration of underlying immune defects. here we report a honduran patient with hiv/aids who developed a facial rash worsening on antiretroviral therapy and increasing cd4 count. culture and pcr analysis from the skin biopsy identified leishmania panamensis, which was effectively treated with long-term liposomal amphotericin b. this is the first report of mucoc ...201526154873
an efficient synthesis of new caffeine-based chalcones, pyrazolines and pyrazolo[3,4-b][1,4]diazepines as potential antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents.a new series of chalcones 5a-f were synthesized from caffeine-based aldehyde 3 and substituted acetophenones 4a-f. treatment of compounds 5a-f with hydrazine hydrate led to pyrazolines 6a-f, and their subsequent reaction with acetic anhydride or formic acid afforded the corresponding n-substituted pyrazolines 7a-f and 8a-f respectively. additionally, the regioselective cyclocondensation reaction of chalcones 5a-f with 4,5-diaminopyrazole 9 afforded the diazepine derivatives 10a-f. synthesis of t ...201525725376
the genome of leishmania panamensis: insights into genomics of the l. (viannia) subgenus.kinetoplastid parasites of the leishmania genus cause several forms of leishmaniasis. leishmania species pathogenic to human are separated into two subgenera, leishmania (leishmania) and l. (viannia). species from the viannia subgenus cause predominantly cutaneous leishmaniasis in central and south america, occasionally leading to more severe clinical presentations. although the genomes of several species of leishmania have been sequenced to date, only one belongs to this rather different subgen ...201525707621
pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in children and adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis.an open-label pharmacokinetics (pk) clinical trial was conducted to comparatively assess the pk and explore the pharmacodynamics (pd) of miltefosine in children and adults with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in colombia. sixty patients, 30 children aged 2 to 12 years and 30 adults aged 18 to 60 years, were enrolled. participants received miltefosine (impavido) at a nominal dose of 2.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days. miltefosine concentrations were measured in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells b ...201727956421
immunomodulatory nanoparticles ameliorate disease in the leishmania (viannia) panamensis mouse model.leishmania (viannia) panamensis (l. (v.) panamensis) is a species of protozoan parasites that causes new world leishmaniasis, which is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response. current treatment strategies, mainly chemotherapeutic, are suboptimal due to adverse effects, long treatment regimens, and increasing drug resistance. recently, immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promise in preclinical studies of leishmaniasis. as nps may enable broad cellular immunomodulation through internali ...201627636154
a prolonged incubation period in zosteriform leishmania panamensis. 201424605357
cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) panamensis in 2 travelers. 201627051841
functional validation of abca3 as a miltefosine transporter in human macrophages: impact on intracellular survival of leishmania (viannia) panamensis.within its mammalian host, leishmania resides and replicates as an intracellular parasite. the direct activity of antileishmanials must therefore depend on intracellular drug transport, metabolism, and accumulation within the host cell. in this study, we explored the role of human macrophage transporters in the intracellular accumulation and antileishmanial activity of miltefosine (mlf), the only oral drug available for the treatment of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). membrane transpo ...201626903515
randomized, double-blinded, phase 2 trial of wr 279,396 (paromomycin and gentamicin) for cutaneous leishmaniasis in panama.in this randomized, double-blinded phase 2 trial, 30 patients with leishmania panamensis cutaneous leishmaniasis were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive once daily topical treatment with wr 279,396 (15% paromomycin + 0.5% gentamicin) or paromomycin alone (15% paromomycin) for 20 days. the index lesion cure rate after 6 months follow-up was 13 of 15 (87%) for wr 279,396 and 9 of 15 (60%) for paromomycin alone (p = 0.099). when all treated lesions were included, the final cure rate for wr 279,398 ...201323857024
chronicity of dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania panamensis is associated with parasite-mediated induction of chemokine gene expression.chronic tegumentary leishmaniasis is characterized by a scarcity of parasites in lesions and a heightened inflammatory response. deregulated and hyperactive inflammation contributes to tissue damage and parasite persistence. the mechanisms by which immune cells are recruited to the lesion and their relationship to clinical outcomes remain elusive. we examined the expression levels of chemokines and their receptors in relation to clinical outcome in dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (vian ...201424752514
cd4 t cell activation by b cells in human leishmania (viannia) infection.an effective adaptive immune response requires activation of specific cd4 t cells. the capacity of b cells to activate cd4 t cells in human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) has not been evaluated.201424568275
role of the trypanosoma brucei hen1 family methyltransferase in small interfering rna modification.parasitic protozoa of the flagellate order kinetoplastida represent one of the deepest branches of the eukaryotic tree. among this group of organisms, the mechanism of rna interference (rnai) has been investigated in trypanosoma brucei and to a lesser degree in leishmania (viannia) spp. the pathway is triggered by long double-stranded rna (dsrna) and in t. brucei requires a set of five core genes, including a single argonaute (ago) protein, t. brucei ago1 (tbago1). the five genes are conserved i ...201424186950
treatment failure and miltefosine susceptibility in dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania subgenus viannia species.treatment failure and parasite drug susceptibility in dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) species are poorly understood. prospective evaluation of drug susceptibility of strains isolated from individual patients before drug exposure and at clinical failure allows intrinsic and acquired differences in susceptibility to be discerned and analyzed. to determine whether intrinsic susceptibility or loss of susceptibility to miltefosine contributed to treatment failure, we evaluated the ...201424145529
body weight as a determinant of clinical evolution in hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) infected with leishmania (viannia) panamensis.the clinical outcome of infection with leishmania species of the subgenus viannia in hamster model (mesocricetus auratus) has shown to be different depending on experimental protocol. body weight has been a relevant determinant of the clinical outcome of the infection in hamsters with visceral leishmaniasis but its importance as a clinical parameter in hamsters with cutaneous leishmaniasis is not known. in this study, the clinical evolution of infection with l. (v) panamensis was evaluated in ju ...201524037292
human macrophage response to l. (viannia) panamensis: microarray evidence for an early inflammatory response.previous findings indicate that susceptibility to leishmania (viannia) panamensis infection of monocyte-derived macrophages from patients and asymptomatically infected individuals were associated with the adaptive immune response and clinical outcome.201223145196
efficacy and tolerability of oleylphosphocholine (olpc) in a laboratory model of visceral leishmaniasis.the alkylphospholipid oleylphosphocholine (olpc) is a structural analogue of miltefosine and may represent a potential therapeutic backup for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). this laboratory study compared the in vitro and in vivo activity profile of both olpc and miltefosine.201222782488
detection of different leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in cats from the yucatan peninsula (mexico) using an iron superoxide dismutase excreted as antigen.although human leishmaniasis has been reported in 20 states in mexico, no case of leishmaniasis has been reported in cats to date. in the yucatan peninsula, it has been found that dogs may act as reservoirs for at least three leishmania species (leishmania mexicana, leishmania braziliensis, and leishmania panamensis). in this study we identified specific antibodies against these three leishmania spp. and trypanosoma cruzi in the sera from 95 cats from two states on the yucatan peninsula, namely ...201222560557
discovery of factors linked to antimony resistance in leishmania panamensis through differential proteome analysis.the rate of treatment failure to antileishmanial chemotherapy in latin america is up to 64%. parasite drug resistance contributes to an unknown proportion of treatment failures. identification of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms responsible for parasite drug resistance is critical to the conservation of available drugs and to the discovery of novel targets to reverse the resistant phenotype. we conducted comparative proteomic-based analysis of leishmania (viannia) panamensis lines select ...201222449941
in vitro phototoxicity of ultradeformable liposomes containing chloroaluminum phthalocyanine against new world leishmania species.the use of photodynamic therapy (pdt) against cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) based on chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (clalpc) is a promissory alternative therapy. the main purpose of this article was to assess the internalization and in vitro phototoxic activities of clalpc encapsulated in ultradeformable liposomes (udl-clalpc) in leishmania parasites and mammalian cells. cell internalization was determined by fluorescence microscopy, cell and parasite damage by standard mtt or direct microscopic a ...201223123595
insights into the structural patterns of the antileishmanial activity of bi- and tricyclic n-heterocycles.the influence of various structural patterns in a series of novel bi- and tricyclic n-heterocycles on the activity against leishmania major and leishmania panamensis has been studied and compounds that are active in the low micromolar region have been identified. both quinolines and tetrahydrooxazinoindoles (toi) proved to have significant antileishmanial activities, while substituted indoles were inactive. we have also showed that a chloroquine analogue induces leishmania killing by modulating ...201627376396
leishmaniasis recidivans in ethiopia: cutaneous and mucocutaneous features.cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is endemic in ethiopia. an unusual clinical form of this disease is leishmaniasis recidivans (lr), a prolonged, relapsing form of cutaneous leishmaniasis resembling tuberculosis of the skin that may persist for many years with a chronic and relapsing course. this rare variant has been shown to be caused by leishmania tropica species in the old world and by leishmania braziliensis, leishmania amazonensis, leishmania panamensis, and leishmania guyanensis in the new wor ...201728141598
zosteriform cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania ( viannia ) panamensis and leishmania ( viannia ) braziliensis: report of three cases.in colombia, zosteriform leishmaniasis is a little-known and infrequent clinical variant of cutaneous leishmaniasis. its clinical features include one or more plaques made up of papules and pseudo-vesicles, which conform to a lineal pattern, as well as satellite lesions that affect one or more dermatomes, without crossing the median line. we present three zosteriform cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in which leishmania panamensis and leishmania braziliensis were identified as the infective species. ...201425504121
calmodulin polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for leishmania identification and typing.a precise identification of leishmania species involved in human infections has epidemiological and clinical importance. herein, we describe a preliminary validation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism assay, based on the calmodulin intergenic spacer region, as a tool for detecting and typing leishmania species. after calmodulin amplification, the enzyme haeiii yielded a clear distinction between reference strains of leishmania mexicana, leishmania amazonensis, leishmania infantum, lei ...201627352873
new primers for detection of leishmania infantum using polymerase chain reaction.leishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in the new world. the diagnosis of vl is confirmed by parasitological and serological tests, which are not always sensitive or specific. our aim was to design new primers to perform a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detecting l. infantum. sequences of the minicircle kinetoplast dna (kdna) were obtained from genbank, and the flc2/rlc2 primers were designed. samples of dna from l. infantum, leishmania amazonensis, leishmania braziliensis, ...201726603223
in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of artemisia annua l. leaf powder and its potential usefulness in the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans.cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a tropical disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. the current drugs for cl may be effective but have serious side effects; hence, alternatives are urgently needed. although plant-derived materials are used for the treatment of various diseases in 80% of the global population, the validation of these products is essential. gelatin capsules containing dried artemisia annua leaf powder were recently developed as a new herbal formulation (totum) for t ...201728327802
genome-wide discovery and development of polymorphic microsatellites from leishmania panamensis parasites circulating in central panama.the parasite leishmania panamensis is the main cause of leishmaniasis in panama. the disease is largely uncontrolled, with a rising incidence and no appropriate control measures. while microsatellites are considered some of the best genetic markers to study population genetics and molecular epidemiology in these and other parasites, none has been developed for l. panamensis.201526459121
preparation of rotenone derivatives and in vitro analysis of their antimalarial, antileishmanial and selective cytotoxic activities.six derivatives of the known biopesticide rotenone were prepared by several chemical transformations. rotenone and its derivatives showed differential in vitro antiparasitic activity and selective cytotoxicity. in general, compounds were more active against plasmodium falciparum than leishmania panamensis. rotenone had an ec50 of 19.0 µm against p. falciparum, and 127.2 µm against l. panamensis. although chemical transformation does not improve its biological profile against p. falciparum, three ...201425412039
synthesis, leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activity of triclosan-chalcone, triclosan-chromone and triclosan-coumarin hybrids.twelve hybrids derived from triclosan were obtained via williamson etherification of o-triclosan alkyl bromide plus chalcone and o-coumarin or o-chromone alkyl bromide plus triclosan, respectively. structures of the products were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. the synthesized compounds were evaluated for antileishmanial activity against l. (v) panamensis amastigotes. cytotoxic activity was also evaluated against mammalian u-937 cells. compounds 7-9 and 17, were active against leishmania p ...201425170948
aflp polymorphisms allow high resolution genetic analysis of american tegumentary leishmaniasis agents circulating in panama and other members of the leishmania genus.american tegumentary leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus leishmania, and causes significant health problems throughout the americas. in panama, leishmania parasites are endemic, causing thousands of new cases every year, mostly of the cutaneous form. in the last years, the burden of the disease has increased, coincident with increasing disturbances in its natural sylvatic environments. the study of genetic variation in parasites is important for a better understanding of the biolog ...201324039881
leishmania panamensis infection and antimonial drugs modulate expression of macrophage drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes: impact on intracellular parasite survival.treatment failure is multifactorial. despite the importance of host cell drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes in the accumulation, distribution and metabolism of drugs targeting intracellular pathogens, their impact on the efficacy of antileishmanials is unknown. we examined the contribution of pharmacologically relevant determinants in human macrophages in the antimony-mediated killing of intracellular leishmania panamensis and its relationship with the outcome of treatment with meglumine ...201423975742
congenital transmission of experimental leishmaniasis in a hamster model.little information is available on transplacental transmission of leishmania spp. we determined the frequency and impact of congenital infection caused by leishmania panamensis or l. donovani in experimentally infected hamsters. a polymerase chain reaction showed that congenital transmission occurred in 25.8% (24 of 93) of offspring born to l. panamensis-infected hamsters and 14.6% (11 of 75) offspring born to l. donovani-infected hamsters. mortality during lactation was higher in offspring born ...201222556079
novel approach to in vitro drug susceptibility assessment of clinical strains of leishmania spp.resistance to antimonial drugs has been documented in leishmania isolates transmitted in south america, europe, and asia. the frequency and distribution of resistance to these and other antileishmanial drugs are unknown. technical constraints have limited the assessment of drug susceptibility of clinical strains of leishmania. susceptibility of experimentally selected lines and 130 clinical strains of leishmania panamensis, l. braziliensis, and l. guyanensis to meglumine antimoniate and miltefos ...201222518860
detection and identification of leishmania spp.: application of two hsp70-based pcr-rflp protocols to clinical samples from the new world.leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in new world countries, where several methods are available for detection and identification of leishmania spp. two hsp70-based pcr protocols (pcr-n and pcr-f) and their corresponding restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflp) were applied for detection and identification of leishmania spp. in clinical samples recruited in colombia, guatemala, and honduras. a total of 93 cases were studied. the samples were classified into positive or suspected of leishman ...201728573463
profiling gene expression of antimony response genes in leishmania (viannia) panamensis and infected macrophages and its relationship with drug susceptibility.the mechanisms of leishmania resistance to antimonials have been primarily determined in experimentally derived leishmania strains. however, their participation in the susceptibility phenotype in field isolates has not been conclusively established. being an intracellular parasite, the activity of antileishmanials is dependent on internalization of drugs into host cells and effective delivery to the intracellular compartments inhabited by the parasite. in this study we quantified and comparative ...201728843396
evaluation of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (viannia) panamensis in colombia.leishmaniases are parasitic vector-borne diseases affecting more than 12 million people in 98 countries. in colombia, leishmaniasis is widespread and the most common clinical manifestation is cutaneous, mainly caused by l. panamensis and l. braziliensis. currently, the genetic diversity of these species in colombia is unknown. to address this, we applied molecular techniques for their characterization, using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to explore the genetic variability and phylodynamics o ...201728499458
evaluation of the leishmanicidal activity of rutaceae and lauraceae ethanol extracts on golden syrian hamster (mesocricetus auratus) peritoneal macrophages.traditional medicine has provided a number of therapeutic solutions for the control of infectious agents, cancers, and other diseases. after screening a wide variety of colombian plant extracts, we have identified promising antileishmanial activity in ethanol extracts from ocotea macrophylla (lauraceae) and zanthoxyllum monophyllum (rutaceae). in this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of two ethanol extracts, one from ocotea macrophylla and the other from zanthoxyllum monophyllum and one ...201425035529
the effect of lucilia sericata- and sarconesiopsis magellanica-derived larval therapy on leishmania panamensis.this study's main objective was to evaluate the action of larval therapy derived from lucilia sericata and sarconesiopsis magellanica (blowflies) regarding leishmania panamensis using an in vivo model. eighteen golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) were used; they were divided into 6 groups. the first three groups consisted of 4 animals each; these, in turn, were internally distributed into subgroups consisting of 2 hamsters to be used separately in treatments derived from each blowfly species. ...201627686957
drug search for leishmaniasis: a virtual screening approach by grid computing.the trypanosomatid protozoa leishmania is endemic in ~100 countries, with infections causing ~2 million new cases of leishmaniasis annually. disease symptoms can include severe skin and mucosal ulcers, fever, anemia, splenomegaly, and death. unfortunately, therapeutics approved to treat leishmaniasis are associated with potentially severe side effects, including death. furthermore, drug-resistant leishmania parasites have developed in most endemic countries. to address an urgent need for new, sa ...201627438595
spatial distribution, leishmania species and clinical traits of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the colombian army.in colombia, the cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is the most common manifestation across the army personnel. hence, it is mandatory to determine the species associated with the disease as well as the association with the clinical traits. a total of 273 samples of male patients with cl were included in the study and clinical data of the patients was studied. pcr and sequencing analyses (cytb and hsp70 genes) was performed to identify the species and the intra-specific genetic variability. a georefer ...201728850603
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