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leishmania infection and blood food sources of phlebotomines in an area of brazil endemic for visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis.the aims of the study were to determine the blood feeding preferences of sandflies and to identify species of leishmania that infected phlebotomines in caxias, maranhão, brazil, an area that is highly endemic for leishmaniasis. sandflies were captured in light traps located in the peridomiciliary environments of randomly selected houses in urban and rural settings between 1800 and 0600 hours on new moon days between march 2013 and february 2015. dna extracts from 982 engorged female sandflies we ...201728837565
main lesions in the central nervous system of dogs due to leishmania infantum infection.canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is endemic in são luís maranhão/brazil and it leads a varied clinical picture, including neurological signs.201728821261
application of a specific quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) to identify leishmania infantum dna in spleen, skin and hair samples of wild leporidae.the aim of this study was to compare a quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) validated for the detection of leishmania infantum in dogs with a nested pcr but in wild leporidae. additionally, l. infantum results from indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and in vitro culture were also compared with qpcr. different samples (spleen, skin and hair) recovered from 224 european rabbits and 70 iberian hares from two green areas of madrid council were analysed for the detection of l. infantum. the ...201728807318
association between mast cells, tissue remodelation and parasite burden in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis.canine visceral leishmaniosis (cvl) is a zoonosis of major public health impact caused by organisms of the genus leishmania which is transmitted to human and animals by phlebotomine sand flies. the skin is the first point of contact with leishmania parasites for sandy fly vectors and it is considered an important reservoir compartment in infected dogs. the aim of this study was to determine the main histophatologic alterations in ear skin of dogs naturally infected by leishmania infantum with di ...201728807304
molecular detection of wolbachia pipientis in natural populations of sandfly vectors of leishmania infantum in endemic areas: first detection in lutzomyia longipalpis.a polymerase chain reaction-based method was used to screen sandflies for infection with wolbachia (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), an intracellular bacterial endosymbiont found in many arthropods and filarial hosts. positive results were obtained in five of 200 field-collected sandflies and were confirmed by sequencing. all sandflies were lutzomyia longipalpis (diptera: psychodidae) captured in a region endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in brazil. this is the first study to identify wolbachia ...201728799248
a misleading anamnesis: learning to suspect.leishmaniasis represents a complex, globally widespread opportunistic infection ranging from the visceral form, also called kala-azar, to the mucocutaneous and cutaneous disease. it is endemic in the mediterranian basin, leishmania infantum being demonstrated as the main causative agent of autochthonous cases in sicily, italy. the long-term use of systemic antipsoriatic agents, including biotechnological drugs, may cause a higher susceptibility to opportunistic infections, so physicians maintain ...201728785336
cutaneous leishmaniasis by leishmania infantum: behind granulomatous lesions of unknown aetiology.cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is underestimated in spain as in other european countries due to the polymorphism of its clinical manifestations and histopathological features discouraging doctors from suspecting leishmaniasis. mucosal manifestations (ml) are misdiagnosed due to the fact that they often mimic cancer.201728776770
leishmania infantum parasites subvert the host inflammatory response through the adenosine a2a receptor to promote the establishment of infection.adenosine is an endogenously released purine nucleoside that signals through four widely expressed g protein-coupled receptors: a1, a2a, a2b, and a3. of these, a2ar is recognized as mediating major adenosine anti-inflammatory activity. during cutaneous leishmaniasis, adenosine induces immunosuppression, which promotes the establishment of infection. herein, we demonstrated that a2ar signaling is exploited by leishmania infantum parasites, the etiologic agent that causes visceral leishmaniasis, t ...201728775724
protection mediated by chemokine cxcl10 in balb/c mice infected by leishmania infantum.visceral leishmaniasis (vl) caused by leishmania infantum is characterised by the loss of the ability of the host to generate an effective immune response. chemokines have a direct involvement in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis, causing a rapid change in the expression of these molecules during infection by leishmania.201728767981
phlebotomine sand fly survey in the focus of leishmaniasis in madrid, spain (2012-2014): seasonal dynamics, leishmania infantum infection rates and blood meal preferences.an unusual increase of human leishmaniasis cases due to leishmania infantum is occurring in an urban area of southwestern madrid, spain, since 2010. entomological surveys have shown that phlebotomus perniciosus is the only potential vector. direct xenodiagnosis in hares (lepus granatensis) and rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) collected in the focus area proved that they can transmit parasites to colonized p. perniciosus. isolates were characterized as l. infantum. the aim of the present work was ...201728764772
visceral leishmaniasis in southeastern iran: a narrative review.visceral leishmaniasis (vl) has strong links with poverty, substantial medical and veterinary impacts. this review aimed to focus in studies published during 1994-2016 on vl in southeastern iran.201728761456
maldi ms imaging investigation of the host response to visceral leishmaniasis.mass spectrometry imaging (msi) of animal tissues has become an important tool for in situ molecular analyses and biomarker studies in several clinical areas, but there are few applications in parasitological studies. leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease, and experimental mouse models have been essential to evaluate pathological and immunological processes and to develop diagnostic methods. herein we have employed maldi msi to examine peptides and low molecular weight proteins (2 to 20 ...201728758666
insights into the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthetic pathways in leishmania parasites and characterization of a choline kinase from leishmania infantum.the protozoan parasite leishmania infantum is a causative agent of the disease visceral leishmaniasis, which can be fatal if not properly treated. phosphatidylcholine (pc) and phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) biosynthesis pathways are attractive targets for new antileishmanial compounds since these leishmania cell membrane phospholipids are important for parasite morphology and physiology. in this work we observed leishmania synthesize pc and pe from extracellular choline and ethanolamine, respecti ...201728754315
t lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestinal tissues of dogs infected with leishmania infantum.this study was about a semi-quantitative analysis of t lymphocytes (cd4+ and cd8+, foxp3+ regulatory t cells), and macrophages in the gut wall of dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum. thirteen dogs were divided into three groups: group 1 (g1, n=5), dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) and infected with l. infantum amastigotes in the intestine; group 2 (g2, n=5), dogs with cvl but without intestinal amastigotes; and group 3 (g3, n=3), uninfected dogs (control group). there wa ...201728746446
multicentre evaluation of a direct agglutination test prototype kit (dat-lpc) for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.in this study, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of a previously developed direct agglutination test (dat) using a freeze-dried antigen derived from leishmania infantum promastigotes and composed in a prototype kit for visceral leishmaniasis (vl) diagnosis, named dat-lpc. to evaluate dat-lpc reproducibility, the kit was used to analyse 207 serum samples from vl patients and 80 serum samples from patients with other parasitic infections or healthy subjects in four ...201728735574
after infection with leishmania infantum, golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) become more attractive to female sand flies (lutzomyia longipalpis).in brazil, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis is caused by infection with leishmania infantum, a protist parasite transmitted by blood-feeding female lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies. the objective of this study was to determine if the odour of hamsters, infected with le. infantum, was more attractive than the odour of the same hamsters, before they were infected. the attractiveness of odour collected from individual hamsters (n = 13), before they were infected, was compared in a longitudin ...201728733676
antileishmanial activity and tubulin polymerization inhibition of podophyllotoxin derivatives on leishmania infantum.leishmania microtubules play an important role not only in cell division, but also in keeping the shape of the parasite and motility of its free-living stages. microtubules result from the self-assembly of alpha and beta tubulins, two phylogenetically conserved and very abundant eukaryotic proteins in kinetoplastids. the colchicine binding domain has inspired the discovery and development of several drugs currently in clinical use against parasites. however, this domain is less conserved in kine ...201728719882
occurrence of lutzomyia longipalpis lutz & neiva 1912 and cerdocyon thous linnaeus 1977, in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in brazil.cerdocyon thous presents a wide geographic distribution in brazil and its role as a possible leishmania infantum reservoir in a visceral leishmaniasis (vl) transmission cycle regardless of dogs (canis familiaris) has been discussed. from this perspective, this work describes the occurrence and use of the habitat by cerdocyon thous in a lutzomyia longipalpis occurrence area teresina (piaui - brazil), vl endemic region. three specimens of c. thous were monitored with the use of radio telemetry and ...201728712973
prevention of feline leishmaniosis with an imidacloprid 10%/flumethrin 4.5% polymer matrix collar.leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum is one of the most important vector-borne diseases affecting animals and humans worldwide. dogs are considered main reservoirs of the zoonotic forms, though in the last years the role of cats as reservoirs has been increasingly investigated. feline leishmaniosis (fel) occurs in endemic areas and no specific preventive measures have been investigated so far. in this study the efficacy of a 10% imidacloprid/4.5% flumethrin polymer matrix collar, licensed ...201728705248
standardization and evaluation of a duplex real-time quantitative pcr for the detection of leishmania infantum dna: a sample quality control approach.molecular techniques have been shown to be alternative methods for the accurate detection of infectious and parasitic diseases, such as the leishmaniases. the present study describes the optimization and evaluation of a duplex real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) protocol developed for the simultaneous detection of leishmania infantum dna and sample quality control.201728700053
genetic variability of leishmania infantum in naturally infected dogs in the state of bahia, brazil.in brazil, leishmania infantum mainly affects humans and dogs. the state of bahia presents many dogs that are positive for this parasite. despite the importance of epidemiology in this region, there are still very few studies that have assessed the genetic characteristics of l. infantum. the aim of this study is to investigate the genetic variability of l. infantum isolated identified in naturally infected dogs, in order to verify occurrence of subpopulation of this parasite in the different bio ...201728700001
a nitrile glucoside and biflavones from the leaves of campylospermum excavatum (ochnaceae).the study of the meoh extract of the leaves of campylospermum excavatum led to the isolation of a nitrile glucoside, named campyloside c (1) and an original derivative of ochnaflavone, 7-o-methylochnaflavone (2) along with three known biflavonoids, amentoflavone, sequoiaflavone, and sotetsuflavone (3-5). the linkage site of the sub-units of 2 was confirmed by chemical correlation, after semi-synthesis of a trimethoxylated derivative of ochnaflavone (2a). the structure of these compounds as well ...201728695668
diagnostic challenges in the era of canine leishmania infantum vaccines.the diagnosis of canine leishmaniosis (canl) is complex due to its variable clinical manifestations and laboratory findings. the availability of vaccines to prevent canl has increased the complexity of diagnosis, as serological tests may not distinguish between naturally infected and vaccinated dogs. current practices of prevaccination screening are not sufficiently sensitive to detect subclinically infected dogs, resulting in the vaccination of infected animals, which may lead to disease in vac ...201728689776
pegylated dendritic polyglycerol conjugate delivers doxorubicin to the parasitophorous vacuole in leishmania infantum infections.most drugs against visceral leishmaniasis must be administered parenterally. a controlled drug release at the target site can improve the efficacy and toxicity of antileishmanial drugs in clinical use. amastigotes live and grow inside the parasitophorous vacuole of host resident macrophages. therefore, antileishmanial drugs should accumulate in this compartment to kill the parasite and do not produce toxicity to the cell host. pegylated dendritic polyglycerol conjugates (pg-peg) can ensure a con ...201728683183
leishmania infantum is present in vaginal secretions of naturally infected bitches at lower levels in oestrogenized bitches than in non-oestrogenized bitches.naturally leishmania infantum infected bitches were divided into oestrogenized (n = 11) and non-oestrogenized (n = 6) groups. vaginal secretions were collected for polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and vulval, vaginal and uterine tissues were collected for the immunohistochemical (ihq) identification of l. infantum. parasite dna was identified in vaginal secretions of non-oestrogenized (41.8%) and oestrogenized (18.2%) bitches (p<0.05; fisher's exact test). ihq was positive in vulvar dermis (23.5 ...201728682760
leishmania infantum exoproducts inhibit human invariant nkt cell expansion and activation.leishmania infantum is one of the major parasite species associated with visceral leishmaniasis, a severe form of the disease that can become lethal if untreated. this obligate intracellular parasite has developed diverse strategies to escape the host immune response, such as exoproducts (exo) carrying a wide range of molecules, including parasite virulence factors, which are potentially implicated in early stages of infection. herein, we report that l. infantum exo and its two fractions compose ...201728674535
a poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanovaccine based on chimeric peptides from different leishmania infantum proteins induces dendritic cells maturation and promotes peptide-specific ifnγ-producing cd8(+) t cells essential for the protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.visceral leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania (l.) donovani and l. infantum protozoan parasites, can provoke overwhelming and protracted epidemics, with high case-fatality rates. an effective vaccine against the disease must rely on the generation of a strong and long-lasting t cell immunity, mediated by cd4(+) th1 and cd8(+) t cells. multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine development is manifesting as the new era of vaccination strategies against leishmania infection. in this study, we designed chi ...201728659922
an ulcer on the lower lip. 201728648931
asymptomatic human blood donors carriers of leishmania infantum: potential reservoirs for visceral leishmaniasis in northwestern iran.little is known regarding transfusion-transmitted leishmaniasis (ttl) and the real global incidence of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) among blood donors as carriers of leishmania spp. in endemic vl foci including iran. recent epidemiological evidences indicate that blood donor may be harbor of leishmania infantum (l. infantum) infection in iran.201728648574
first molecular detection of leishmania infantum in sergentomyia minuta (diptera, psychodidae) in alentejo, southern portugal.protozoan parasites, such as leishmania spp., are the causative agents of many insect-borne infectious diseases with medical and veterinary importance. leishmaniasis, caused by leishmania spp., is transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies. in the alentejo region of portugal, located at the north of algarve, cases of human and canine leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum have been notified. however, no recent studies regarding the sand fly fauna in the region are available. we therefore ...201728647427
differential activation of human keratinocytes by leishmania species causing localized or disseminated disease.all leishmania species parasites are introduced into mammalian skin through a sand fly bite, but different species cause distinct clinical outcomes. mouse studies suggest that early responses are critical determinants of subsequent adaptive immunity in leishmaniasis, yet few studies address the role of keratinocytes, the most abundant cell in the epidermis. we hypothesized that leishmania infection causes keratinocytes to produce immunomodulatory factors that influence the outcome of infection. ...201728647347
antigenicity of phage clones and their synthetic peptides for the serodiagnosis of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis.in the americas, brazil is responsible by 90% of the cases registered of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), and leishmania infantum is the most common parasite species responsible by disease in brazilian dogs and humans. a precise diagnosis may allow to a faster and more effective treatment against the disease, which increases the possibility of cure, as well as to induce less toxic effects, due to a lower time exposition for the chemotherapeutics. in a previous study, two l. infantum mimotopes, b10 a ...201728629727
environmental factors as key determinants for visceral leishmaniasis in solid organ transplant recipients, madrid, spain.during a visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in an area of madrid, spain, the incidence of disease among solid organ transplant recipients was 10.3% (7/68). being a black person from sub-saharan africa, undergoing transplantation during the outbreak, and residing <1,000 m from the epidemic focus were risk factors for posttransplant visceral leishmaniasis.201728628447
comparative analyses of whole genome sequences of leishmania infantum isolates from humans and dogs in northeastern brazil.the genomic sequences of 20 leishmania infantum isolates collected in northeastern brazil were compared with each other and with the available genomic sequences of 29 l. infantum/donovani isolates from nepal and turkey. the brazilian isolates were obtained in the early 1990s or since 2009 from patients with visceral or non-ulcerating cutaneous leishmaniasis, asymptomatic humans, or dogs with visceral leishmaniasis. two isolates were from the blood and bone marrow of the same visceral leishmanias ...201728606698
novel areas for prevention and control of canine leishmaniosis.there have been multiple recent advances regarding tools for the control and prevention of canine leishmaniosis (canl), including new preventative vaccines. in this review, these advances are evaluated based on control targets, including vector and parasite. leishvet recommendations are provided for control practices based on the dog's risk of infection. new topical insecticide formulations have proven to be effective in preventing sand fly bites, and subsequently infection. parasite control occ ...201728601528
the performance of serological tests for leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease.dogs are considered the main reservoir of leishmania infantum. this protozoan causes visceral leishmaniasis (vl), an uncontrolled urban zoonosis in brazil. serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on peripheral blood were performed to identify infected dogs in scenarios of higher and lower prevalence of the disease (teresina and vitória). one-hundred infected and 57 non-infected animals from teresina and 100 non-infected animals from vitória were studied. animal selection was not de ...201728591267
spleen damage in a dog naturally infected by leishmania infantum. 201728562772
ecological parameters of the (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b population of the lutzomyia longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area in são paulo state, brazil.visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is an important public health challenge in brazil because of the high number of human and canine cases reported annually. leishmania infantum is the etiological agent of vl and lutzomyia longipalpis is its main vector. however, evidence suggests that this taxon constitutes a species complex. in sao paulo state, there are two populations of lu. longipalpis, each secreting distinct pheromones, (s)-9-methylgermacrene-b and cembrene 1; both have been associated with diffe ...201728558760
vaccination with a leishmania infantum hsp70-ii null mutant confers long-term protective immunity against leishmania major infection in two mice models.the immunization with genetically attenuated leishmania cell lines has been associated to the induction of memory and effector t cell responses against leishmania able to control subsequent challenges. a leishmania infantum null mutant for the hsp70-ii genes has been described, possessing a non-virulent phenotype.201728558043
new epidemiological pattern of cutaneous leishmaniasis in two pre-saharan arid provinces, southern morocco.three leishmania species are responsible of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in morocco. zoonotic cl due to leishmania major and leishmania infantum, the first is known as established in the eastern arid regions, whereas the latter evolves sporadically, especially in the north. while leishmania tropica, classically considered anthroponotic, is endemic in the semi-arid regions and is largely distributed throughout the country. the aim of this study was to identify the leishmania species causing cl in ...201728527882
in vivo imaging of pathogen homing to the host tissues.hematogenous dissemination followed by tissue tropism is a characteristic of the infectious process of many pathogens including those transmitted by blood-feeding vectors. after entering into the blood circulation, these pathogens must arrest in the target organ before they infect a specific tissue. here, we describe a non-invasive method to visualize and quantify the homing of pathogens to the host tissues. by using in vivo bioluminescence imaging we quantify the accumulation of luciferase-expr ...201728522323
lipid bodies accumulation in leishmania infantum-infected c57bl/6 macrophages.lipid bodies (lbs) are intracellular accumulations of neutral lipids surrounded by a single membrane. these organelles are involved in the production of eicosanoids, which modulate immunity by either promoting or dampening inflammatory responses. leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in brazil, is an intracellular parasite that causes disease by suppressing macrophage microbicidal responses. c57bl/6 mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with l. infantum st ...201728518475
geographical information systems in determination of cutaneous leishmaniasis spatial risk level based on distribution of vector species in imamoglu province, adana.the imamoglu district located in the southeast of adana province in turkey is an endemic focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) owing to dominancy of phlebotomus tobbi, which is a probable vector of leishmania infantum. about 11.26% of cl cases reported each year are from imamoglu, adana, and between 2008 and 2015, 223 cases of cl were reported. leishmania infantum, which may be transmitted by p. tobbi, phlebotomus neglectus/syriacus, and phlebotomus perfiliewi, is referred as leishmaniasis facto ...201728505264
randomized, allopurinol-controlled trial of the effects of dietary nucleotides and active hexose correlated compound in the treatment of canine leishmaniosis.first-line treatment for canine leishmaniosis (canl) is n-methylglucamine antimoniate (mga) combined with allopurinol. however, in some dogs allopurinol may induce hyperxanthinuria leading to urolithiasis. moreover, allopurinol resistance has recently been described in leishmania infantum isolates from treated dogs with a relapse of the disease. alternative treatments are thus needed. since the type of host immune response strongly influences canl progression and prognosis, dogs could benefit fr ...201728495197
first report of the in vitro antileishmanial properties of extremophile plants from the algarve coast.this work reports for the first time the in vitro anti leishmania infantum activity of acetone and dichloromethane (dcm) extracts from 25 extremophile plants from southern portugal. dcm extracts from inula chritmoides and spergularia rubra were active against axenic promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, had anti-inflammatory properties on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated macrophages, inhibited acetylcholinesterase and had no haemolytic activity on human erythrocytes. eleven phenolics w ...201728494617
eight cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum with protean presentation. 201728492171
strategies for reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted leishmaniasis in an area endemic for leishmania infantum: a patient- and donor-targeted approach.in the balearic islands, as in other areas of the mediterranean basin, there is a significant proportion of asymptomatic leishmania (l.) infantum-infected blood donors, who may represent an important threat to transfusion safety. the balearic islands blood bank, located in an area endemic for l. infantum, carried out a study of donors and patients to investigate the impact of this infectious disease on blood safety in the region.201728488962
imported leishmaniasis in a dog in a sandfly-populated area in northeastern romania.we report the importation of a clinical case of canine leishmaniasis (canl) in romania, a country where several types of sandflies are present with the potential to develop a new focus of canl. the staffordshire bull terrier dog was imported into romania from spain 1.5 y before he developed clinical symptomatology that included proliferative dermatitis, lymphadenomegaly, and bilateral uveitis. hematologic analyses showed regenerative anemia and subacute inflammation. cytologic examination of lym ...201728480825
in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity and leishmanicidal activity of phthalimido-thiazole derivatives.it is estimated that the worldwide prevalence of leishmaniasis is around 12 million individuals in 80 countries, with 400,000new cases per year. in the search for new leishmanicidal agents, the hybrid phthalimido-thiazoles have been identified as an important scaffold for drug design and discovery. the present study thus reports the in vitro activity of a series of phthalimido-thiazole derivatives. cytotoxicity against a strain of l. infantum, vero cells, j774 macrophages and peritoneal macropha ...201728478133
leishmania infantum dna detected in phlebotomine species from puerto iguazú city, misiones province, argentina.in puerto iguazú city, argentina, human and canine visceral leishmaniasis cases have been recorded since the year 2010, with leishmania infantum as the etiological agent and lutzomyia longipalpis as its main vector. in the present study, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect l. infantum dna in 3.9% of the female sandflies captured in puerto iguazú city. this is the first report of l. infantum dna detection in micropygomyia quinquefer, and the second one in lu. longipalpis ...201728476601
occurrence and probability maps of lutzomyia longipalpis and lutzomyia cruzi (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in brazil.leishmaniases are serious diseases caused by trypanosomatid protozoans of the genus leishmania transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. we analyzed records pertaining to lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva, 1912) and lutzomyia cruzi (mangabeira, 1938) in brazil from the following sources: the collection of phlebotomine sand flies of the centro de pesquisas rené rachou/fiocruz (fiocruz-colfleb), the "specieslink" (cria) database, from systematic surveys of scientific articles and gra ...201728472338
pediatric visceral leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum in northern cyprus. 201728471743
suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis in a sample of westerns sicily residents: what correlation with occupation?leishmaniasis is a widespread infectious disease, but there is not much information about its prevalence in high risk occupational categories.201728446739
epidemiological role of dogs since the human leishmaniosis outbreak in madrid.canine leishmaniosis (canl) has been in the spotlight since the 2009 outbreak of human leishmaniosis in madrid. in the framework of the leishmaniosis surveillance programme set up in madrid, this study examines leishmania-specific seroprevalences in stray dogs for the outbreak area and rest of the madrid region over the period spanning from the outbreak to the present (2009-2016). these data are of interest because stray dogs could be sentinels for disease surveillance in endemic areas. since 20 ...201728446214
investigation of the anti-leishmania (leishmania) infantum activity of some natural sesquiterpene lactones.leishmaniases are neglected infectious diseases caused by parasites of the 'protozoan' genus leishmania. depending on the parasite species, different clinical forms are known as cutaneous, muco-cutaneous, and the visceral leishmaniasis (vl). vl is particularly fatal and the therapy presents limitations. in the search for new anti-leishmanial hit compounds, seven natural sesquiterpene lactones were evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of leishmania (leishmania) infantum, ...201728441357
detection of leishmania infantum dna in conjunctival swabs of cats by quantitative real-time pcr.although some studies have investigated the potential role of cats as a reservoir for leishmania, their role in the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is still poorly understood. molecular diagnostic techniques are an important tool in vl diagnosis, and pcr shows high sensitivity and specificity for leishmania spp. detection. quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) is a method that permits quantitative analysis of a large number of samples, resulting in more sensitive, accurate, and reproduci ...201728438522
computer-aided discovery of two novel chalcone-like compounds active and selective against leishmania infantum.leishmaniasis are infectious diseases caused by parasites of genus leishmania that affect affects 12 million people in 98 countries mainly in africa, asia, and latin america. effective treatments for this disease are urgently needed. in this study, we present a computer-aided approach to investigate a set of 32 recently synthesized chalcone and chalcone-like compounds to act as antileishmanial agents. as a result, nine most promising compounds and three potentially inactive compounds were experi ...201728434763
first example of peptides targeting the dimer interface of leishmania infantum trypanothione reductase with potent in vitro antileishmanial activity().a series of 9-mer and 13-mer amide-bridged cyclic peptides derived from the linear prototype ac-pkiiqsvgis-nle-k-nle-nh2 (toro et al. chembiochem2013) has been designed and synthesized by introduction of the lactam between amino acid side chains that are separated by one helical turn (i, i+4). all of these compounds were tested in vitro as both dimerization and enzyme inhibitors of leishmania infantum trypanothione reductase (li-tryr). three of the 13-mer cyclic peptide derivatives (3, 4 and 6) ...201728431354
production of a conjugate between the rk346 antigen from leishmania infantum and the horseradish peroxidase c for the detection of rk346 antibodies.it was designed and characterized a reporter system to be captured by an- tibodies bound to elisa plates. the system was designed with the rk346 from leishmania infantum, a highly antigenic and specific protein. the rk346 was coupled to the horseradish peroxidase c (hrpc) from armoracia rusticana using glutaraldehyde or sulfo-smcc. gluta- raldehyde conjugation was performed in two steps. separation of conjugates was carried out using a sepharose s-200 in size exclusion chromatography (sec); frac ...201628429896
t1/st2 deficient mice display protection against leishmania infantum experimental infection.t1/st2 is a surface marker selectively expressed on type 2 helper (th2) effector cells. as leishmania infection in susceptible balb/c mice have ascribed to a polarized th2 response, this study aim to investigate the t1/st2 (the receptor for il-33), as a typical th2 marker in the postulation that a shift towards a beneficial th1 response would occur in the absence of st2. for this, st2 knockout (st2(-/-)) and wt balb/c mice were experimentally infected in the retro-orbital sinus with l. infantum. ...201728427965
canine β-defensin-1 (cbd1) gene as a possible marker for leishmania infantum infection in dogs.canine leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum is a parasitic disease of great veterinary significance. some dogs infected by l. infantum may mount a strong cellular immune response and clear the infection, while others may respond with exaggerated antibody production against the parasite and develop an overt disease, which may be fatal, if left untreated. the initial factors triggering the polarization of the immune response towards a predominantly t-helper 1 or t-helper 2 cytokines, as wel ...201728427438
a non-pathogenic recombinant leishmania expressing lipophosphoglycan 3 against experimental infection with leishmania infantum.visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is caused by leishmania infantum in the mediterranean basin and affects primarily children and immunosuppressed individuals. various strategies of vaccination have so far been examined by either protein or dna without achievable complete protection against the disease. the live non-pathogenic lizard parasite, leishmania tarentolae, expressing elected leishmania antigens has recently provided a promising new approach as a safe and effective live vaccine candidate to pr ...201728426153
protein malnutrition promotes dysregulation of molecules involved in t cell migration in the thymus of mice infected with leishmania infantum.protein malnutrition, the most deleterious cause of malnutrition in developing countries, has been considered a primary risk factor for the development of clinical visceral leishmaniasis (vl). protein malnutrition and infection with leishmania infantum leads to lymphoid tissue disorganization, including changes in cellularity and lymphocyte subpopulations in the thymus and spleen. here we report that protein malnutrition modifies thymic chemotactic factors by diminishing the ccl5, cxcl12, igf1, ...201728397794
first case of feline leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum genotype e in a cat with a concurrent nasal squamous cell carcinoma.this is the first clinical report of feline viscerocutaneous leishmaniosis caused by leishmania infantum genotype e associated with an invasive squamous cell carcinoma (scc) in a domestic cat from portugal. initially, the cat presented a single cutaneous lesion in the right nostril. a fine-needle aspiration was performed and leishmania amastigotes were observed without the presence of cells compatible with neoplasia. systemic treatment with allopurinol was started. one year later, the cat presen ...201728491373
[urban outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in neiva (colombia)].objective characterize the foci of visceral leishmaniasis infection in neiva with a clinical and epidemiological approach. materials and methods six children consulted medical services with hepatosplenomegaly. they were found to have anemia and leukopenia. the diagnosis was performed by bone marrow (five patients) and spleen (1 patient) aspiration. an active search for cases was carried out in the community. anti-leishmania infantum antibodies were also sought out using indirect immunofluorescen ...201528453072
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