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increased resistance to fungal wilts in transgenic eggplant expressing alfalfa glucanase gene.the wilt diseases caused by verticillium dahliae and fusarium oxysporum are the major diseases of eggplant (solanum melongena l.). in order to generate transgenic resistance against the wilt diseases, agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer was performed to introduce alfalfa glucanase gene encoding an acidic glucanase into eggplant using neomycin phosphotransferase (npt-ii) gene as a plant selection marker. the transgene integration into eggplant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (p ...201424757318
disseminated fusarium oxysporum neurospinal infection.we report a case of disseminated meningospondylodiscitis in an elderly diabetic patient caused by fusarium oxysporum. as the clinical presentation was nonspecific, the diagnosis of the condition could only be arrived at after laboratory and imaging studies. the diagnosis of the condition requires a high index of suspicion. patient underwent thorough surgical debridement along with a short course of variconazole and remained asymptomatic after 36 months of diagnosis. fusarium is a large genus of ...201424741147
synthesis of gold nanoparticles from different cellular fractions of fusarium oxysporum.the addition of varying concentrations of precursor gold salt to different cellular fractions of fusarium oxysporum, viz., the culture filtrate and the intracellular extract obtained in the growing and resting phase of the cells had a profound influence on the size, shape, and state of aggregation of the nanoparticles. multiply-twinned nanoparticles were obtained when the culture filtrate was used for synthesizing nanoparticles while mostly irregular shapes were obtained with the intracellular e ...201424734569
a high efficiency gene disruption strategy using a positive-negative split selection marker and electroporation for fusarium oxysporum.the fusarium oxysporum species complex consists of fungal pathogens that cause serial vascular wilt disease on more than 100 cultivated species throughout the world. gene function analysis is rapidly becoming more and more important as the whole-genome sequences of various f. oxysporum strains are being completed. gene-disruption techniques are a common molecular tool for studying gene function, yet are often a limiting step in gene function identification. in this study we have developed a f. o ...201424755311
growth inhibitory effects of gossypol and related compounds on fungal cotton root pathogens.the effect of the terpenoids gossypol, 6-methoxygossypol, 6,6'-dimethoxygossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone on growth of fungal soil pathogens was investigated. the compounds were tested at a concentration of 100 μg ml(-1) in a czapek dox agar medium at 25°c. gossypol, gossypolone and apogossypolone demonstrated strong growth inhibitory activity (≥90%) against pythium irregulare, pythium ultimum and fusarium oxysporum. these same terpenoids provided good growth inhibition against most rhizo ...201424713043
[cutaneous infection due to fusarium oxysporum in a female diabetic: molecular biological detection of the mold from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue using sequencing of the its region of the rdna].skin lesions due to fusarium spp. occur either secondarily following hematological spread in systemic infection or represent primary cutaneous infections following traumatic inoculation.201424706078
identification of candidate genes for fusarium yellows resistance in chinese cabbage by differential expression analysis.fusarium yellows caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans is an important disease of brassica worldwide. to identify a resistance (r) gene against fusarium yellows in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa var. pekinensis), we analyzed differential expression at the whole genome level between resistant and susceptible inbred lines using rna sequencing. four hundred and eighteen genes were significantly differentially expressed, and these were enriched for genes involved in response to stress or ...201424668026
genetic mapping, synteny, and physical location of two loci for fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum race 4 resistance in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp].fusarium wilt is a vascular disease caused by the fungus fusariumoxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (fot) in cowpea [vignaunguiculata (l.) walp]. in this study, we mapped loci conferring resistance to fot race 4 in three cowpea ril populations: it93k-503-1 × cb46, cb27 × 24-125b-1, and cb27 × it82e-18/big buff. two independent loci which confer resistance to fot race 4 were identified, fot4-1 and fot4-2. fot4-1 was identified in the it93k-503-1 (resistant) × cb46 (susceptible) population and was posi ...201424659904
model complexes of key intermediates in fungal cytochrome p450 nitric oxide reductase (p450nor).denitrifying bacteria and fungi efficiently detoxify the toxic metabolite nitric oxide (no) through reduction to nitrous oxide (n2o) using nitric oxide reductase (nor) enzymes. in fungi, for example fusarium oxysporum, no is reduced by a cytochrome p450 nor (p450nor). this enzyme contains a heme b center coordinated to a proximal cysteinate ligand in the active site. in the proposed mechanism of p450nor, the ferric heme binds no first to form a ferric heme-nitrosyl complex, which is subsequently ...201424658055
non-thermal plasma treatment diminishes fungal viability and up-regulates resistance genes in a plant host.reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can have either harmful or beneficial effects on biological systems depending on the dose administered and the species of organism exposed, suggesting that application of reactive species can possibly produce contradictory effects in disease control, pathogen inactivation and activation of host resistance. a novel technology known as atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma represents a means of generating various reactive species that adversely affect pathoge ...201424911947
the tomato wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici shares common ancestors with nonpathogenic f. oxysporum isolated from wild tomatoes in the peruvian andes.fusarium oxysporum is an ascomycetous fungus that is well-known as a soilborne plant pathogen. in addition, a large population of nonpathogenic f. oxysporum (npf) inhabits various environmental niches, including the phytosphere. to obtain an insight into the origin of plant pathogenic f. oxysporum, we focused on the tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and its pathogenic f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol). we collected f. oxysporum from wild and transition solanum spp. and modern cultivars of tomato ...201424909710
differential protein accumulations in isolates of the strawberry wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae differing in virulence.this study was conducted to define differences in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (fof) isolates with different virulence efficiency to strawberry at the proteome level, in combination with their differences in mycelial growth, conidial production and germination. comparative proteome analyses revealed substantial differences in mycelial proteomes between fof isolates, where the 54 differentially accumulated protein spots were consistently over-accumulated or exclusively in the highly virule ...201424907490
quantum dot and superparamagnetic nanoparticle interaction with pathogenic fungi: internalization and toxicity profile.for several years now, nanoscaled materials have been implemented in biotechnological applications related to animal (in particular human) cells and related pathologies. however, the use of nanomaterials in plant biology is far less widespread, although their application in this field could lead to the future development of plant biotechnology applications. for any practical use, it is crucial to elucidate the relationship between the nanomaterials and the target cells. in this work we have eval ...201424853082
studies of detailed biofilm characterization on fly ash concrete in comparison with normal and superplasticizer concrete in seawater environments.in cooling water systems, many concrete structures in the form of tanks, pillars and reservoirs that come in contact with aggressive seawater are being deteriorated by chemical and biological factors. the nuclear industry has decided to partially replace the portland cement with appropriate pozzolans such as fly ash, which could densify the matrix and make the concrete impermeable. three types of concrete mixes, viz., normal concrete (nc), concrete with fly ash and superplasticizer (fa) and conc ...201424600839
the pqqc gene is essential for antifungal activity of pseudomonas kilonensis jx22 against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.strain jx22, exhibiting a broad range of antimicrobial activities to fungal pathogens, was isolated and classified as representing pseudomonas kilonensis. in this study, the mutant jx22mt1 was obtained by the ez-tn5 transposon mutation and showed no antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici as compared with wild-type strain jx22. the pqqc gene was disrupted in the mutant. antifungal activity at the wild-type level was restored from the mutant jx22mt1 with the introduction ...201424588744
murine model for fusarium oxysporum invasive fusariosis reveals organ-specific structures for dissemination and long-term persistence.the soil-borne plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum causes life-threatening invasive fusariosis in immunocompromised individuals. the mechanism of infection in mammalian hosts is largely unknown. in the present study we show that the symptoms of disseminated fusariosis caused by f. oxysporum in immunosuppressed mice are remarkably similar to those reported in humans. distinct fungal structures were observed inside the host, depending on the infected organ. invasive hyphae developed in the heart and ...201424587124
in vitro antifugal activity of medicinal plant extract against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 the causal agent of tomato wilt.medicinal plant extracts of five plants; adhatoda vasica, eucalyptus globulus, lantana camara, nerium oleander and ocimum basilicum collected from cairo, egypt were evaluated against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 in vitro conditions using water and certain organic solvents. the results revealed that cold distilled water extracts of o. basilicum and e. globulus were the most effective ones for inhibiting the growth of f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. butanolic and ethanolic extract ...201424561899
manipulating cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) expression in flax affects fibre composition and properties.in recent decades cultivation of flax and its application have dramatically decreased. one of the reasons for this is unpredictable quality and properties of flax fibre, because they depend on environmental factors, retting duration and growing conditions. these factors have contribution to the fibre composition, which consists of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin and pectin. by far, it is largely established that in flax, lignin reduces an accessibility of enzymes either to pectin, hemicellulos ...201424552628
functional analysis of the conserved transcriptional regulator cfwor1 in cladosporium fulvum reveals diverse roles in the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi.fungal wor1-like proteins are conserved transcriptional regulators that are reported to regulate the virulence of several plant pathogenic fungi by affecting the expression of virulence genes. here, we report the functional analysis of cfwor1, the homologue of wor1 in cladosporium fulvum. δcfwor1 mutants produce sclerotium-like structures and rough hyphae, which are covered with a black extracellular matrix. these mutants do not sporulate and are no longer virulent on tomato. a ce.cfwor1 transfo ...201424521437
effect of corn steep liquor on lettuce root rot (fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae) in hydroponic cultures.recent reports indicate that organic fertilisers have a suppressive effect on the pathogens of plants grown under hydroponic systems. furthermore, microorganisms exhibiting antagonistic activity to diseases have been observed in organic hydroponic systems. this study evaluated the effect of corn steep liquor (csl) on controlling lettuce root rot disease [fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae (fol)] in a hydroponic system. the effect of csl and otsuka a (a chemical fertiliser) on the inhibition of fo ...201424403175
strategies utilized by trophically diverse fungal species for pinus sylvestris root colonization.physiological changes in host plants in response to the broad spectrum of fungal modes of infection are still not well understood. the current study was conducted to better understand the infection of in vitro cultures of pinus sylvestris l. seedlings by three trophically diverse fungal species, fusarium oxysporum e. f. sm. & swingle, trichoderma harzianum rifai and hebeloma crustuliniforme (bull.) quél. biochemical methods and microscopy were utilized to determine (i) which factors (apoplastic ...201424391166
outbreak of fungal endophthalmitis due to fusarium oxysporum following cataract surgery.outbreak of exogenous fusarium endophthalmitis after cataract surgery was evaluated. twenty patients developed postoperative endophthalmitis. in 19 eyes, pars plana vitrectomy (ppv) was performed, in 14 cases (74 %) with primary intraocular lens explantation. in one case, the ppv was not performed because of poor general condition of the patient. symptoms of endophthalmitis (damaged vision, iritis, tyndallization in anterior chamber, hypopyon) occurred at intervals of 16-79 days (mean 31.3 days) ...201424381050
identification of the main toxins isolated from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2 and their relation with isolates' pathogenicity.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (fop) is a pathogen of field pea inducing severe vascular wilt worldwide. plant resistance to races 1, 5, and 6, producing wilt symptoms, is conferred by a single dominant gene, while resistance to race 2, which gives near-wilt symptoms, have been recently showed to be quantitative. among the virulence factors reported to play a role in the infection process, toxin production is one of the best studied. thus, five race 2 isolates have been investigated for toxin pr ...201424568659
agp2p, the plasma membrane transregulator of polyamine uptake, regulates the antifungal activities of the plant defensin nad1 and other cationic peptides.cationic antifungal peptides (afps) act through a variety of mechanisms but share the common feature of interacting with the fungal cell surface. nad1, a defensin from nicotiana alata, has potent antifungal activity against a variety of fungi of both hyphal and yeast morphologies. the mechanism of action of nad1 occurs via three steps: binding to the fungal cell surface, permeabilization of the plasma membrane, and internalization and interaction with intracellular targets to induce fungal cell ...201424566173
higher bioavailability of organic bound zinc from high zinc-enriched fungi.the organic forms of trace elements are considered more bioavailable than the inorganic forms. although yeast can enrich metal elements and convert inorganic zinc to organic species, its tolerability and transforming capacity are limited. it would therefore be very interesting to look for higher conversion and accumulation in zinc fungi to obtain organic bound zinc from the natural environment. in this paper, potato dextrose agar (pda) medium containing 800 μg/ml zinc was used for initial screen ...201426255549
control of soil-borne diseases by different composts in potted vegetable crops.the composting process and the type and nature of wastes and raw materials influence the maturity, quality and suppressiveness of composts. variability in disease suppression also depends on the pathosystem, on soil or substrate type, on chemical-physical conditions, like ph and moisture, and on the microbial component of compost. the aim of the research was to evaluate the suppressiveness of composts, originated from green wastes and/or municipal biowastes, and produced by different composting ...201426084080
phenylpropanoid pathway is potentiated by silicon in the roots of banana plants during the infection process of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.fusarium wilt, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, is a disease that causes large reductions in banana yield worldwide. considering the importance of silicon (si) to potentiate the resistance of several plant species to pathogen infection, this study aimed to investigate, at the histochemical level, whether this element could enhance the production of phenolics on the roots of banana plants in response to f. oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection. plants of cultivar maçã, which is susceptib ...201424350769
functional analysis of chimeric lysin motif domain receptors mediating nod factor-induced defense signaling in arabidopsis thaliana and chitin-induced nodulation signaling in lotus japonicus.the expression of chimeric receptors in plants is a way to activate specific signaling pathways by corresponding signal molecules. defense signaling induced by chitin from pathogens and nodulation signaling of legumes induced by rhizobial nod factors (nfs) depend on receptors with extracellular lysin motif (lysm) domains. here, we constructed chimeras by replacing the ectodomain of chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (atcerk1) of arabidopsis thaliana with ectodomains of nf receptors of lotus japon ...201424506212
induced defense-related proteins in soybean (glycine max l. merrill) plants by carnobacterium sp. sj-5 upon challenge inoculation of fusarium oxysporum.the aim of the present study was to analyze induced expression of defense-related proteins in the soybean plants by rhizobacterial stain carnobacterium sp. sj-5 upon challenge inoculation with fusarium oxysporum. determination of the enzymatic activity of the different defense-related enzymes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal), lipoxygenase (lox), peroxidase (pod) and polyphenol oxidase (ppo) was performed in the major parts of glycine max l. merrill using spectrophotometric method. native-polya ...201424504695
functional characterization of the gene fooch1 encoding a putative α-1,6-mannosyltransferase in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc) is the causal agent of banana fusarium wilt and has become one of the most destructive pathogens threatening the banana production worldwide. however, few genes related to morphogenesis and pathogenicity of this fungal pathogen have been functionally characterized. in this study, we identified and characterized the disrupted gene in a t-dna insertional mutant (l953) of foc with significantly reduced virulence on banana plants. the gene disrupted by t-dna i ...201424503549
field resistance to fusarium oxysporum and verticillium dahliae in transgenic cotton expressing the plant defensin nad1.the plant defensin nad1, from nicotiana alata, has potent antifungal activity against a range of filamentous fungi including the two important cotton pathogens, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (fov) and verticillium dahliae. transgenic cotton plants expressing nad1 were produced and plants from three events were selected for further characterization. homozygous plants were assessed in greenhouse bioassays for resistance to fov. one line (d1) was selected for field trial testing over three ...201424502957
multilocus analysis using putative fungal effectors to describe a population of fusarium oxysporum from sugar beet.sugar beet (beta vulgaris) fusarium yellows is caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. betae and can lead to significant reductions in root yield, sucrose percentage, juice purity, and storability. f. oxysporum f. sp. betae can be highly variable and many f. oxysporum strains isolated from symptomatic sugar beet are nonpathogenic. identifying pathogenicity factors and their diversity in the f. oxysporum f. sp. betae population could further understanding of how this pathogen causes disease and poten ...201424502207
host-induced post-transcriptional hairpin rna-mediated gene silencing of vital fungal genes confers efficient resistance against fusarium wilt in banana.fusarium wilt, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc), is among the most destructive diseases of banana (musa spp.). because no credible control measures are available, development of resistant cultivars through genetic engineering is the only option. we investigated whether intron hairpin rna (ihprna)-mediated expression of small interfering rnas (sirnas) targeted against vital fungal genes (velvet and fusarium transcription factor 1) in transgenic banana could achieve effective resi ...201424476152
[cellulolytic activity of fenellia flavipes and fusarium oxysporum strains].the production of cellulolytic enzymes by fenellia flavipes and fusarium oxysporum strains in submerged culture with plant residues as carbon source was studied. it was established that the majority of studied strains was able to hydrolyze the filter paper, husk of sunflower seeds, wheat straw and corn stalks. the ability to synthesize enzymes depended on the strain of microscopic fungi, type of substrate and duration of cultivation. as a result two fungal strains were selected: f. flavipes 655 ...201424450186
mutation of fvs1, encoding a protein with a sterile alpha motif domain, affects asexual reproduction in the fungal plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum.fusarium oxysporum produces three kinds of asexual spores: microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores. we previously analysed expressed sequence tags during vegetative growth and conidiation in f. oxysporum and found 42 genes that were markedly upregulated during conidiation compared to vegetative growth. one of the genes, fvs1, encodes a protein with a sterile alpha motif (sam) domain, which functions in protein-protein interactions that are involved in transcriptional or post-transcriptiona ...201424330129
quantification of fusarium oxysporum in fumigated soils by a newly developed real-time pcr assay to assess the efficacy of fumigants for fusarium wilt disease in strawberry plants.two soil fumigants, chloropicrin (cp) and dimethyl disulfide (dmds), were used to control fusarium wilt disease (fwd) which caused large economic losses in strawberries. the fumigants were evaluated alone and in combination in a laboratory study and in strawberry greenhouses.201424307246
spot drip application of dimethyl disulfide as a post-plant treatment for the control of plant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens in grape production.plant parasitic nematodes and soilborne pathogens can reduce the overall productivity in grape production. not all grape growers apply soil fumigants before planting, and there is no single rootstock resistant to all nematode species. the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of dimethyl disulfide (dmds) applied at 112, 224, 448 and 897 kg ha(-1) as a post-plant treatment against soilborne plant parasitic nematodes and pathogens on the grape yield in established grapevines.201424307137
long noncoding rnas responsive to fusarium oxysporum infection in arabidopsis thaliana.short noncoding rnas have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulation of gene expression and stress responses, but the repertoire and functions of long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) remain largely unexplored, particularly in plants. to explore the role of lncrnas in disease resistance, we used a strand-specific rna-sequencing approach to identify lncrnas responsive to fusarium oxysporum infection in arabidopsis thaliana. antisense transcription was found in c. 20% of the annotated a. thal ...201424117540
trichoderma asperelloides suppresses nitric oxide generation elicited by fusarium oxysporum in arabidopsis roots.inoculations with saprophytic fungus trichoderma spp. are now extensively used both to promote plant growth and to suppress disease development. the underlying mechanisms for both roles have yet to be fully described so that the use of trichoderma spp. could be optimized. here, we show that trichoderma asperelloides effects include the manipulation of host nitric oxide (no) production. no was rapidly formed in arabidopsis roots in response to the soil-borne necrotrophic pathogen fusarium oxyspor ...201424283937
fusaric acid accelerates the senescence of leaf in banana when infected by fusarium.fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (foc) is a causal agent of vascular wilt and leaf chlorosis of banana plants. chloroses resulting from foc occur first in the lowest leaves of banana seedlings and gradually progress upward. to investigate the responses of different leaf positions to foc infection, hydroponic experiments with foc inoculation were conducted in a greenhouse. fusarium-infected seedlings exhibited a decrease in net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of ...201424282097
the role of onion-associated fungi in bulb mite infestation and damage to onion seedlings.in israel rhizoglyphus robini is considered to be a pest in its own right, even though the mite is usually found in association with fungal pathogens. plant protection recommendations are therefore to treat germinating onions seedlings, clearly a crucial phase in crop production, when mites are discovered. the aim of this study was to determine the role of fungi in bulb mite infestation and damage to germinating onion seedlings. accordingly we (1) evaluated the effect of the mite on onion seedli ...201424242868
combinatorial function of velvet and area in transcriptional regulation of nitrate utilization and secondary metabolism.velvet is a conserved protein complex that functions as a regulator of fungal development and secondary metabolism. in the soil-inhabiting pathogen fusarium oxysporum, velvet governs mycotoxin production and virulence on plant and mammalian hosts. here we report a previously unrecognized role of the velvet complex in regulation of nitrate metabolism. f. oxysporum mutants lacking vea or laea, two key components of the complex, were impaired in growth on the non-preferred nitrogen sources nitrate ...201424240057
rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid and a precursor of flavopiridol, is produced by endophytic fungi isolated from dysoxylum binectariferum hook.f and amoora rohituka (roxb).wight & arn.rohitukine, a chromone alkaloid, has gained considerable international attention in recent years because of its novel semi-synthetic derivative, flavopiridol and p-276-00. both these molecules are in advanced stages of clinical development and trial for cancer treatment. recently, flavopiridol was approved as an orphan drug for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cancer. the natural occurrence of rohitukine is restricted to only four plant species, amoora rohituka and dysoxylum binectarife ...201424215673
interactions between the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis sonorensis (nematoda: heterorhabditidae) and the saprobic fungus fusarium oxysporum (ascomycota: hypocreales).in this study, we assessed the effect of the saprobic fungus, fusarium oxysporum (ascomycota: hypocreales) on the fitness of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis sonorensis (caborca strain). sand column assays were considered to evaluate the effect of fungal mycelia on infective juvenile (ij) movement and host access. additionally, we investigated the effect of fungal spores on the nematodes' ability to search for a host, its virulence, penetration efficiency and reproduction. three app ...201424211424
synthesis and antifungal properties of (4-tolyloxy)-pyrimidyl-α-aminophosphonates chitosan derivatives.a novel class of α-aminophosphonate chitosan derivatives was investigated. these chitosan derivatives consist of (4-tolyloxy)-pyrimidyl-dimethyl-α-amino-phosphonate chitosan (α-atpmcs) and (4-tolyloxy)-pyrimidyl-diethyl-α-aminophosphonate chitosan (α-atpecs). their structures were well defined. antifungal activity of them against some crop-threatening pathogenic fungi was tested in vitro. the derivatives were found to have a broad-spectrum antifungal activity that was obviously enhanced compared ...201424183805
ebr1 genomic expansion and its role in virulence of fusarium species.genome sequencing of fusarium oxysporum revealed that pathogenic forms of this fungus harbour supernumerary chromosomes with a wide variety of genes, many of which likely encode traits required for pathogenicity or niche specialization. specific transcription factor gene families are expanded on these chromosomes including the ebr1 family (enhanced branching). the significance of the ebr1 family expansion on supernumerary chromosomes and whether ebr1 paralogues are functional is currently unknow ...201424237614
rhizobacterium-mediated growth promotion and expression of stress enzymes in glycine max l. merrill against fusarium wilt upon challenge inoculation.wilt disease of soybean caused by a very common soil-borne fungus, fusarium oxysporum is one of the most destructive diseases of the crop. the aim of the present study was to characterize plant growth-promotion activities and induced resistance of a rhizobacterial strain for the soybean plant against f. oxysporum. rhizobacterium strain sj-5 exhibited plant growth-promotion characteristics and antagonistic activity against the test pathogen on dual plate assay. it was identified as a carnobacteri ...201423933805
enhancement of rutin production in fagopyrum tataricum hairy root cultures with its endophytic fungal elicitors.tartary buckwheat (fagopyrum tataricum) is a potentially important source of rutin, a natural bioactive flavonoid with antihyperglycemic, antioxidative, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. this study examines the effects of endophytic fungi on rutin production in the hairy root cultures of f. tataricum. without obvious changes in the appearance of the hairy roots, the exogenous fungal mycelia elicitors efficiently stimulated the hairy root growth and rutin biosynthesis, and the s ...201424279735
synthesis, characterization, and antifungal activity of novel inulin derivatives with chlorinated benzene.a group of novel inulin derivatives containing benzene or chlorinated benzene were synthesized by reaction of chloracetyl inulin (cail) with the schiff bases of 4-amino-pyridine, including (2-pyridyl)acetyl inulin chloride (pail), 2-[4-(2-chlorobenzylideneamino)-pyridyl]acetyl inulin chloride (2cpail), 2-[4-(4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-pyridyl]acetyl inulin chloride (4cpail), and 2-[4-(2,4-dichlorobenzylideneamino)-pyridyl]acetyl inulin chloride (2,4dcpail). their antifungal activity against three ...201424274532
proteomic investigation of response to forl infection in tomato roots.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (forl) leading to fusarium crown and root rot is considered one of the most destructive tomato soilborne diseases occurring in greenhouse and field crops. in this study, response to forl infection in tomato roots was investigated by differential proteomics in susceptible (monalbo) and resistant (momor) isogenic tomato lines, thus leading to identify 33 proteins whose amount changed depending on the pathogen infection, and/or on the two genotypes. for ...201424262994
characterization of chlordecone-tolerant fungal populations isolated from long-term polluted tropical volcanic soil in the french west indies.the insecticide chlordecone is a contaminant found in most of the banana plantations in the french west indies. this study aims to search for fungal populations able to grow on it. an andosol heavily contaminated with chlordecone, perfused for 1 year in a soil-charcoal system, was used to conduct enrichment cultures. a total of 103 fungal strains able to grow on chlordecone-mineral salt medium were isolated, purified, and deposited in the miae collection (microorganismes d'intérêt agro-environne ...201423872892
protein extraction and gel-based separation methods to analyze responses to pathogens in carnation (dianthus caryophyllus l).we are currently using a 2-de-based proteomics approach to study plant responses to pathogenic fungi by using the carnation (dianthus caryophyllus l)-fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi pathosystem. it is clear that the protocols for the first stages of a standard proteomics workflow must be optimized to each biological system and objectives of the research. the optimization procedure for the extraction and separation of proteins by 1-de and 2-de in the indicated system is reported. this strategy ...201424136548
spectroscopic and biological approach in the characterization of a novel 14-membered [n4] macrocyclic ligand and its palladium(ii), platinum(ii), ruthenium(iii) and iridium(iii) complexes.a novel, tetradentate nitrogen donor [n4] macrocyclic ligand, i.e. 3,5,14,16-tetramethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[12,0,0(7-12)] cosa-1(22),2,5,7,9,11,13,16,18,20-decaene(l), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, ir, mass, and (1)h nmr spectral studies. complexes of pd(ii), pt(ii), ru(iii) and ir(iii) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance measurements, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ir, mass, electronic spectral and thermal ...201424051297
characterization of fusarium isolates from asparagus fields in southwestern ontario and influence of soil organic amendments on fusarium crown and root rot.fusarium crown and root rot (fcrr) of asparagus has a complex etiology with several soilborne fusarium spp. as causal agents. ninety-three fusarium isolates, obtained from plant and soil samples collected from commercial asparagus fields in southwestern ontario with a history of fcrr, were identified as fusarium oxysporum (65.5%), f. proliferatum (18.3%), f. solani (6.4%), f. acuminatum (6.4%), and f. redolens (3.2%) based on morphological or cultural characteristics and polymerase chain reactio ...201424261409
biofilm formation by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and susceptibility to environmental stress.to the authors' knowledge, most studies on biofilm formation have focused on bacteria and yeasts. so far, biofilm formation by fungal plant pathogen has not been reported. in this study, the biofilm-forming capacity of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum was evaluated. for biofilm quantification, a colorimetric 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2h-tetrazolium-hydroxide (xtt) reduction assay was used to observe metabolic activity. fluorescence and confocal scann ...201424164057
antifungal activity of microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin on genetically distinct fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici races 1, 2, and 3 deteriorate tomato crops since they cause a vascular wilt. lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with hemagglutinating and antifungal activities. this work reports that microgramma vacciniifolia rhizome lectin (mvrl) inhibits f. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 3 growth (61 %) more intensely than of races 1 (55 %) and 2 (45 %). the hemagglutinating activity of mvrl was inhibited by glycoprotein preparations from mycelia of races 1, 2, ...201424142386
[biological characteristics of an hog1 mapk homologous gene fohog1 knock-out mutant of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense].this study was aimed to obtain a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) gene namely fohog1 from fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and to verify its function.201425752133
toxicity of abiotic stressors to fusarium species: differences in hydrogen peroxide and fungicide tolerance.stress sensitivity of three related phytopathogenic fusarium species (fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum and fusarium verticillioides) to different oxidative, osmotic, cell wall, membrane, fungicide stressors and an antifungal protein (paf) were studied in vitro. the most prominent and significant differences were found in oxidative stress tolerance: all the three f. graminearum strains showed much higher sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and, to a lesser extent, to menadione than the other ...201424939687
purification, characterization, and in vitro activity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol from pseudomonas monteilii psf84: conformational and molecular docking studies.a novel strain of pseudomonas monteilii, psf84, was isolated from tannery waste soil from jajmau, kanpur, india. 16s rrna gene sequence phylogenetic analysis confirmed the taxonomic affiliation of psf84 as p. monteilii. an antifungal volatile organic compound (voc) active against hyphal growth of fusarium oxysporum (cimap-imi-357464) in vitro was isolated from strain psf84 by using chromatographic techniques. the molecular formula of the antifungal voc was deduced to be c₁₄h₂₂o by ei-ms and 1d a ...201424934765
microbial contamination of domiciliary nebulisers and clinical implications in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.domiciliary nebulisers are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) but nebuliser cleaning practice has not been assessed in patients with copd who are often elderly and may have severe disease and multiple comorbidities. we aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of home nebulisers used by patients with copd.201425478172
molecular determination of mixed infections of dermatophytes and nondermatophyte molds in individuals with onychomycosis.reports of mixed infections with nondermatophyte molds (ndms) and dermatophytes in onychomycosis are rare, possibly owing to the inhibition of ndm growth during traditional culture. we sought to determine the prevalence of mixed infections in onychomycosis using molecular identification.201425076075
hyphal growth of phagocytosed fusarium oxysporum causes cell lysis and death of murine macrophages.fusarium oxysporum is an important plant pathogen and an opportunistic pathogen of humans. here we investigated phagocytosis of f. oxysporum by j774.1 murine cell line macrophages using live cell video microscopy. macrophages avidly migrated towards f. oxysporum germlings and were rapidly engulfed after cell-cell contact was established. f. oxysporum germlings continued hyphal growth after engulfment by macrophages, leading to associated macrophage lysis and escape. macrophage killing depended o ...201425025395
benzimidazole-1,2,3-triazole hybrid molecules: synthesis and evaluation for antibacterial/antifungal activity.a novel series of hybrid molecules 4a-i and 5a-i were prepared by condensation of 4-(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzaldehyde 1 with substituted o-phenylenediamines. these in turn were reacted with 2-(azidomethoxy)ethyl acetate in a cu alkyne-azide cycloaddition (cuaac) to generate the 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophore under microwave assistance. the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their in vitro antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and the phytopathogenic ...201425088180
genome sequence of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis strain nrrl 26406, a fungus causing wilt disease on melon.horizontal chromosome transfer introduces host-specific pathogenicity among members of the fusarium oxysporum species complex and is responsible for some of the most destructive and intractable plant diseases. this paper reports the genome sequence of f. oxysporum f. sp. melonis (nrrl 26406), a causal agent of fusarium wilt disease on melon.201425081257
exploring microrna-like small rnas in the filamentous fungus fusarium oxysporum.rna silencing such as quelling and meiotic silencing by unpaired dna (msud) and several other classes of special small rnas have been discovered in filamentous fungi recently. more than four different mechanisms of microrna-like rnas (milrnas) production have been illustrated in the model fungus neurospora crassa including a dicer-independent pathway. to date, very little work focusing on small rnas in fungi has been reported and no universal or particular characteristic of milrnas were defined ...201425141304
fusarium oxysporum induces the production of proteins and volatile organic compounds by trichoderma harzianum t-e5.trichoderma species have been used widely as biocontrol agents for the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. however, some antagonistic mechanisms of trichoderma are not well characterized. in this study, a series of laboratory experiments were designed to characterize the importance of mycoparasitism, exoenzymes, and volatile organic compounds (vocs) by trichoderma harzianum t-e5 for the control of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc). we further tested whether these mechanisms were induc ...201425135494
extracellular chitin deacetylase production in solid state fermentation by native soil isolates of penicillium monoverticillium and fusarium oxysporum.extracellular chitin deacetylase production by native soil isolates of penicillium monoverticillium cfr 2 and fusarium oxysporum cfr 8 in solid state fermentation (ssf) using commercial wheat bran (cwb) and shrimp processing by-products (spp) as solid substrate has been studied. p. monoverticillium produced maximum chitin deacetylase activity of 547.7 ± 45 and 390.2 ± 31 units/g initial dry substrate (u/g ids) at 96 h of incubation in cwb and spp media, respectively. while, f. oxysporum produced ...201425114353
a major qtl associated with fusarium oxysporum race 1 resistance identified in genetic populations derived from closely related watermelon lines using selective genotyping and genotyping-by-sequencing for snp discovery.a major quantitative trait locus (qtl) for fusarium oxysporum fr. f. sp. niveum race 1 resistance was identified by employing a "selective genotyping" approach together with genotyping-by-sequencing technology to identify qtls and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the resistance among closely related watermelon genotypes. fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon caused by the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum schlechtend.:fr. f. sp. niveum (e.f. sm.) w.c. snyder & h.n. han ...201425104326
phytohormone profiles induced by trichoderma isolates correspond with their biocontrol and plant growth-promoting activity on melon plants.the application of trichoderma strains with biocontrol and plant growth-promoting capacities to plant substrates can help reduce the input of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. some trichoderma isolates can directly affect plant pathogens, but they also are known to influence the phytohormonal network of their host plant, thus leading to an improvement of plant growth and stress tolerance. in this study, we tested whether alterations in the phytohormone signature induced by diff ...201425023078
marker assisted selection (mas) for chickpea fusarium oxysporum wilt resistant genotypes using pcr based molecular markers.the exploration of genetically superior accessions is the key source of germplasm conservation and potential breeding material for the future. to meet the demand of better yielding chickpea cultivars in pakistan the present study was organized to select more stable and resistant lines from indigenous as well as exotic chickpea germplasm obtained from plant genetic resource institute (pgri), national agricultural research centre, islamabad, pakistan. for the identification and evaluation of chick ...201425017202
native cell-death genes as candidates for developing wilt resistance in transgenic banana plants.in order to feed an ever-increasing world population, there is an urgent need to improve the production of staple food and fruit crops. the productivity of important food and fruit crops is constrained by numerous biotic and abiotic factors. the cultivation of banana, which is an important fruit crop, is severely threatened by fusarium wilt disease caused by infestation by an ascomycetes fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc). since there are no established edible cultivars of banana res ...201424996429
reduction of fusarium rot and maintenance of fruit quality in melon using eco-friendly hot water treatment.significant losses in harvested fruit can be directly attributable to decay fungi and quality deterioration. hot water treatment (hwt) has been demonstrated to be an effective and economic environment-friendly approach for managing postharvest decay and maintaining fruit quality. in this study, the effects of hwt (45 °c for 10, 15, 20, and 25 min) on in vitro growth of fusarium oxysporum, in vivo fusarium rot, and natural decay of melon were investigated. hwt inhibited spore germination and germ ...201425030787
fungus-mediated preferential bioleaching of waste material such as fly - ash as a means of producing extracellular, protein capped, fluorescent and water soluble silica nanoparticles.in this paper, we for the first time show the ability of the mesophilic fungus fusarium oxysporum in the bioleaching of waste material such as fly-ash for the extracellular production of highly crystalline and highly stable, protein capped, fluorescent and water soluble silica nanoparticles at ambient conditions. when the fungus fusarium oxysporum is exposed to fly-ash, it is capable of selectively leaching out silica nanoparticles of quasi-spherical morphology within 24 h of reaction. these sil ...201425244567
fungal infections after liver transplantation: incidence and outcome.fungal infections, although less frequent than bacterial infections, represent a severe comorbidity with an exponential increase in mortality rate in liver transplantation patients. the incidence of invasive fungal infections (ifis) after solid organ transplantation ranges from 7% to 42%, with candida spp. and aspergillus spp. as the most common pathogens. fungal infections in liver transplant recipients have been associated with poor outcome and mortality rates ranging from 65% to 90% for invas ...201425242777
first report of potato stem-end rot caused by fusarium oxysporum in korea.in this study, we identified the causative agent of stem-end rot in potatoes that were grown in gangwon alpine areas of korea in 2013. the disease symptoms included appearance of slightly sunken circular lesion with corky rot on the potato surface at the stem-end portion. the fungal species isolated from the infected potatoes were grown on potato dextrose agar and produced white aerial mycelia with dark violet pigments. the conidiophores were branched and monophialidic. the microconidia had elli ...201425071394
genotypic and phenotypic characterization of fungi in the fusarium oxysporum species complex from soybean roots.isolates in the fusarium oxysporum species complex (fosc) from soybean range from nonpathogenic to aggressive pathogens causing seedling damping-off, wilt, and root rot. the objective of this research was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of isolates within the fosc recovered predominantly from soybean roots and seedlings. sequence analyses of the translation elongation factor (tef1α) gene and the mitochondrial small subunit (mtssu), polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length ...201424983844
biocontrol of fusarium crown and root rot and promotion of growth of tomato by paenibacillus strains isolated from soil.in this study, bacterial strains were isolated from soils from 30 locations of samcheok, gangwon province. of the isolated strains, seven showed potential plant growth promoting and antagonistic activities. based on cultural and morphological characterization, and 16s rrna gene sequencing, these strains were identified as paenibacillus species. all seven strains produced ammonia, cellulase, hydrocyanic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, protease, phosphatase, and siderophores. they also inhibited the m ...201425071385
siderophore as a potential plant growth-promoting agent produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa jas-25.siderophores scavenges fe(+3) from the vicinity of the roots of plants, and thus limit the amount of iron required for the growth of pathogens such as fusarium oxysporum, pythium ultimum, and fusarium udum, which cause wilt and root rot disease in crops. the ability of pseudomonas to grow and to produce siderophore depends upon the iron content, ph, and temperature. maximum yield of siderophore of 130 μm was observed at ph 7.0 ± 0.2 and temperature of 30 °c at 30 h. the threshold level of iron w ...201425062779
[biological characteristics of fusarium oxysporum and inhibitory effects of five fungicides].the mycelium growth and sporulation in different temperature, ph value and light conditions were detected by using the crossing and haemocytometer method. the toxicity of five fungicides to fusarium oxysporum was tested by mycelia growth method, so as to provide the reference for prevention and control against f. oxysporum. the optimum temperature and ph value of f. oxysporum to grow and spore were 28 degrees c and 6-7. alternating light and darkness promoted growth and sporulation of bacterial ...201425039169
characterization of a yam class iv chitinase produced by recombinant pichia pastoris x-33.a yam (dioscorea opposita thunb) class iv chitinase, whose genomic dna was cloned by mitsunaga et al. (2004), was produced by the recombinant pichia pastoris x-33 in high yields such as 66 mg/l of culture medium. the chitinase was purified by column chromatography after endoglycosidase h treatment and then characterized. it showed properties similar to the original chitinase e purified from the yam tuber reported by arakane et al. (2000). this pichia-produced chitinase also showed strong lytic a ...201425036674
staurosporine from the endophytic streptomyces sp. strain cns-42 acts as a potential biocontrol agent and growth elicitor in cucumber.chinese medicinal plants and their surrounding rhizospheric soil serve as promising sources of actinobacteria. a total of 180 actinobacteria strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil, leaves, stems, and roots of nine selected plants and have been identified as potential biocontrol agents against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. an endophytic strain cns-42 isolated from alisma orientale showed the largest zone of inhibition demonstrating a potent effect against f. oxysporum f. sp. cuc ...201425035061
in vitro inhibition activity of essential oils from some lamiaceae species against phytopathogenic fungi.natural products have been in focus as alternative, effective and safe materials against the phytopathogens. investigations show nepeta oils as effective in controlling the food crops decay. the inhibitory effects of essential oils derived from nepeta leucophylla, nepeta ciliaris, nepeta clarkei and calamintha umbrosa against five phytopthogenic fungi have been determined. in vitro antifungal activity varied with their constituents and target species. more active being the oils containing oxygen ...201425175652
tomato susceptibility to fusarium crown and root rot: effect of grafting combination and proteomic analysis of tolerance expression in the rootstock.grafting can enhance the tolerance of vegetable crops to soilborne diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate whether different tomato scion-rootstock combinations may affect the plant susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (forl), the causal agent of crown and root rot. a proteomic approach was used to investigate whenever the protein repertoire of the rootstock can be modified by forl infection, in relation to cultivar susceptibility/tolerance to the disease. t ...201425173633
characterization of fusarium wilt resistant somaclonal variants of banana cv. rasthali by cdna-rapd.fusarium wilt of banana, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc), is counted among the most destructive diseases of crop plants in india. in the absence of any credible control measure to manage this disease, development of resistant cultivars is the best option. somaclonal variations arising out of long term in vitro culture of plant tissues is an important source of genetic variability and the selection of somaclones having desired characteristics is a promising strategy to develop p ...201425160909
proteomics of fusarium oxysporum race 1 and race 4 reveals enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and ion transport that might play important roles in banana fusarium wilt.banana fusarium wilt is a soil-spread fungal disease caused by fusarium oxysporum. in china, the main virulence fungi in banana are f. oxysporum race 1 (f1, weak virulence) and race 4 (f4, strong virulence). to date, no proteomic analyses have compared the two races, but the difference in virulence between f1 and f4 might result from their differentially expressed proteins. here we report the first comparative proteomics of f1 and f4 cultured under various conditions, and finally identify 99 pro ...201425460190
effects of endogenous signals and fusarium oxysporum on the mechanism regulating genistein synthesis and accumulation in yellow lupine and their impact on plant cell cytoskeleton.the aim of the study was to examine cross-talk interactions of soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and infection caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lupini on the synthesis of genistein in embryo axes of lupinus luteus l.cv. juno. genistein is a free aglycone, highly reactive and with the potential to inhibit fungal infection and development of plant diseases. as signal molecules, sugars strongly stimulated accumulation of isoflavones, including genistein, and the expression of the iso ...201425178062
phylogeny and pathogenicity of fusarium spp. isolated from greenhouse melon soil in liaoning province.fungi of the fusarium oxysporum are widely distributed around the world in all types of soils, and they are all anamorphic species. in order to investigate the relationships and differences among fusarium spp., 25 fusarium spp. were isolated from greenhouse melon soils in liaoning province, china. with these 25 strains, three positive control fusarium strains were analyzed using universally primed pcr (up-pcr). seventy-three bands appeared after amplification using 6 primers, and 66 of these ban ...201425183948
characterization of fusarium secorum, a new species causing fusarium yellowing decline of sugar beet in north central usa.this study characterized a novel sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) pathogen from the red river valley in north central usa, which was formally named fusarium secorum. molecular phylogenetic analyses of three loci (translation elongation factor1α, calmodulin, mitochondrial small subunit) and phenotypic data strongly supported the inclusion of f. secorum in the fusarium fujikuroi species complex (ffsc). phylogenetic analyses identified f. secorum as a sister taxon of f. acutatum and a member of the af ...201425209635
rapid and quantitative detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 in soil by real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification.in this study, a real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification (realamp) was developed and evaluated for the rapid and quantitative detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (r4) in soil.201425200557
[faba bean fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum )control and its mechanism in different wheat varieties and faba bean intercropping system].field experiment and hydroponic culture were conducted to investigate effects of three wheat varieties (yunmai 42, yunmai 47 and mianyang 29) and faba bean intercropping on the shoot biomass, disease index of fusarium wilt, functional diversity of microbial community and the amount of fusarium oxysporum in rhizosphere of faba bean. contents and components of the soluble sugars, free amino acids and organic acids in the root exudates were also examined. results showed that, compared with monocrop ...201425345048
identification and characterization of wilt and salt stress-responsive micrornas in chickpea through high-throughput sequencing.chickpea (cicer arietinum) is the second most widely grown legume worldwide and is the most important pulse crop in the indian subcontinent. chickpea productivity is adversely affected by a large number of biotic and abiotic stresses. micrornas (mirnas) have been implicated in the regulation of plant responses to several biotic and abiotic stresses. this study is the first attempt to identify chickpea mirnas that are associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. the wilt infection that is caused ...201425295754
endophytic bacteria from banana cultivars and their antifungal activity.endophytic microorganisms consist of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes that play important roles in the process of plant adaptation to the environment. currently, the natural associations between microorganisms and plant species are being explored for a large number of biotechnological applications. in this study, 122 endophytic bacteria were isolated from 5 cultivars of musa spp from the state of amazonas (brazil). four strains were selected because they exhibited antagonistic activities again ...201425366756
onychomycosis by fusarium oxysporum probably acquired in utero.fusarium oxysporum has been described as a pathogen causing onychomycosis, its incidence has been increasing in immunocompetent and disseminated infection can occur in immunosuppressed individuals. we describe the first case of congenital onychomycosis in a child caused by fusarium oxysporum. the infection being acquired in utero was proven by molecular methods with the identification of the fungus both in the nail and placenta, most probably as an ascending contamination/infection in a hiv-posi ...201425383318
[biodegradation of agricultural plant residues by fusarium oxysporum strains].the cellulolytic and endoglucanase activity of fusarium oxysporum strains isolated from soil and plants in the media with plant waste as carbon source has been studied. it was established that the majority of studied strains were able to hydrolyze the filter paper, husk of sunflower seeds, wheat straw and corn stalks. cellulolytic activity depended on the strain of microscopic fungi, type of substrate and duration of cultivation. the maximum cellulase activity 1 u/ml and the concentration of red ...201425199344
lignin and lignans in plant defence: insight from expression profiling of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes during development and following fungal infection in populus.cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad) catalyses the final step in the biosynthesis of monolignol, the main component of lignin. lignins, deposited in the secondary cell wall, play a role in plant defence against pathogens. we re-analysed the phylogeny of cad/cad-like genes using sequences from recently sequenced genomes, and analysed the temporal and spatial expression profiles of cad/cad-like genes in populus trichocarpa healthy and infected plants. three fungal pathogens (rhizoctonia solani, fu ...201425443838
challenges in ethanol production with fusarium oxysporum through consolidated bioprocessing.fusarium oxysporum has been reported as being able to both produce the enzymes necessary to degrade lignocellulosic biomass to sugars and also ferment the monosaccharides to ethanol under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions. however, in order to become an economically feasible alternative to other ethanol-producing microorganisms, a better understanding of its physiology, metabolic pathways, and bottlenecks is required, together with an improvement in its efficiency and robustness. in this repo ...201425424444
[allelopathic effects of phenolic compounds of melon root exudates on fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis].in this study, the phenolic compounds of melon root exudates were identified by hplc and seven phenolic compounds including gallic acid, phthalic acid, syringic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid were observed. the laboratory experiment showed that ferulic acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid of 0.1 and 0.25 mmol x l(-1) could significantly promote the germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis spore while salicylic acid inhibited the spore germination to so ...201425509089
construction of cdna expression library of watermelon for isolation of clwrky1 transcription factors gene involved in resistance to fusarium wilt.full-length cdnas are very important for genome annotation and functional analysis of genes. the number of full-length cdnas from watermelon remains limited. here we report first the construction of a full-length enriched cdna library from fusarium wilt stressed watermelon (citrullus lanatus thunb.) cultivar pi296341 root tissues using the smart method. the titer of primary cdna library and amplified library was 2.21 x 10(6) and 2.0 x 10(10) pfu/ml, respectively and the rate of recombinant was a ...201425296501
molecular defense responses in roots and the rhizosphere against fusarium oxysporum.plants face many different concurrent and consecutive abiotic and biotic stresses during their lifetime. roots can be infected by numerous pathogens and parasitic organisms. unlike foliar pathogens, root pathogens have not been explored enough to fully understand root-pathogen interactions and the underlying mechanism of defense and resistance. pr gene expression, structural responses, secondary metabolite and root exudate production, as well as the recruitment of plant defense-assisting "soldie ...201425482759
occurrence of root rot and vascular wilt diseases in roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) in upper egypt.roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa l.) family malvaceae is an important crop used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industries. roselle is cultivated mainly in upper egypt (qena and aswan governorates) producing 94% of total production. root rot disease of roselle is one of the most important diseases that attack both seedlings and adult plants causing serious losses in crop productivity and quality. the main objective of the present study is to identify and characterize pathogens associated with r ...201424808737
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