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identification and production of azotobacter vinelandii and its antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum.the phytopathogenic fusarium species are one of the leading causes of loss in agricultural productivity. in search of an efficient bacterial antagonist, 19 soil isolates of azotobacter sp. were screened for antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum by agar well diffusion assay. the potential strain was identified as azotobacter vinelandii by 16s rrna sequencing. optimum conditions for culturing a. vinelandii to obtain maximum antifungal activity were determined by varying temperature, ph, ...201324620576
biological interactions between soil saprotrophic fungi and ascaris suum eggs.the in vitro effect of saprotrophic soil fungi on the embryonic development of ascaris suum was evaluated. the fungi tested were aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus terreus, penicillium citrinum, penicillium expansum, fusarium oxysporum and trichothecium roseum, isolated from children's recreation areas in the city of lodz (poland). each species was co-cultured with a. suum egg suspension (6 × 10(3)eggs/ml) at 25 ± 2°c for 60 days. each day, 100 eggs were randomly collected and their developmenta ...201323534981
discovery of a linoleate 9s-dioxygenase and an allene oxide synthase in a fusion protein of fusarium oxysporum.fusarium oxysporum is a devastating plant pathogen that oxidizes c₁₈ fatty acids sequentially to jasmonates. the genome codes for putative dioxygenase (dox)-cytochrome p450 (cyp) fusion proteins homologous to linoleate diol synthases (ldss) and the allene oxide synthase (aos) of aspergillus terreus, e.g., foxb_01332. recombinant foxb_01332 oxidized 18:2n-6 to 9s-hydroperoxy-10(e),12(z)-octadecadienoic acid by hydrogen abstraction and antarafacial insertion of molecular oxygen and sequentially to ...201324082064
a novel antifungal protein of bacillus subtilis b25.bacillus subtilis b25 was isolated from banana rhizosphere soil. it has been confirmed for b25 to have stronger antagonism against fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, additionally b25 has good inhibitory to plant pathogens, including corynespora cassiicola, alternaria solani, botrytis cinerea and colletotrichum gloeosporioides on potato dextrose agar (pda) plates. the antagonistic substance can be extracted from cell-free culture broth supernatants by 70% (w/v) (nh4)2 so4 saturation. clear blank ba ...201324255843
identification and characterization of an anti-fungi fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerium protease from the bacillus subtilis strain n7.a newly discovered alkaline antifungal protease named p6 from bacillus subtilis n7 was purified and partially characterized. b. subtilis n7 culture filtrates were purified by 30-60% (nh4)2so4 precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) revealed a single band of 41.38 kda. peptide sequence of protease p6 was determined using a 4800 plus maldi tof/tof™ analyzer system. self-formed adaptor pcr ( ...201323812816
phylogenetic diversity of bacterial endophytes of panax notoginseng with antagonistic characteristics towards pathogens of root-rot disease complex.endophytes play an important role in protection of host plants from infection by phytopathogens. endophytic bacteria were isolated from five different parts (root, stem, petiole, leaf and seed) of panax notoginseng and evaluated for antagonistic activity against fusarium oxysporum, ralstonia sp. and meloidogyne hapla, three major pathogens associated with root-rot disease complex of p. notoginseng. from 1000 endophytic bacterial strains evaluated in vitro, 104 strains exhibited antagonistic prop ...201322987248
the elicitation effect of pathogenic fungi on trichodermin production by trichoderma brevicompactum.the effects of six species of phytopathogenic fungi mycelia as elicitors on trichodermin yield by trichoderma brevicompactum were investigated. neither nonviable nor viable mycelia of botrytis cinerea, alternaria solani, colletotrichum lindemuthianum, and thanatephorus cucumeris demonstrated any elicitation on the accumulation of trichodermin. however, the production of trichodermin was increased by the presence of viable/nonviable rhizoctonia solani and fusarium oxysporum mycelia. the strongest ...201324385883
induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in capsicum annuum by a fusarium crude elicitor fraction, free of proteins.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) induces resistance in pepper against the airborne pathogen botrytis cinerea and the soil-borne pathogen verticillium dahliae. however, its practical use is limited due to its pathogenicity to other crops. in this study we tested several fractions of a heat-sterilised crude fol-elicitor preparation to protect pepper against b. cinerea and v. dahliae. only the protein-free insoluble fraction of the preparation reduced b. cinerea infection. however, none ...201324112636
tandem combination of trigonella foenum-graecum defensin (tfgd2) and raphanus sativus antifungal protein (rsafp2) generates a more potent antifungal protein.plant defensins are small (45 to 54 amino acids) positively charged antimicrobial peptides produced by the plant species, which can inhibit the growth of a broad range of fungi at micro-molar concentrations. these basic peptides share a common characteristic three-dimensional folding pattern with one α-helix and three β-sheets that are stabilized by eight disulfide-linked cysteine residues. instead of using two single-gene constructs, it is beneficial when two effective genes are made into a sin ...201324022215
bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 can induce systemic resistance in tomato against fusarium wilt.the research work was performed to investigate the potential of bacillus thuringiensis strain 199 to induce systemic resistance in tomato against fusarium wilt. roots of two-week-old seedlings of tomato plants were primed with bacterial strain. after 10 days of transplantation, some pots of tomato seedlings were provided with inoculum of fusarium oxysporum lycopersici according to experimental design to induce disease. after 15 days of incubation period, plants challenged with f. oxysporum lycop ...201324294498
insights into fungal communities in composts revealed by 454-pyrosequencing: implications for human health and safety.fungal community composition in composts of lignocellulosic wastes was assessed via 454-pyrosequencing of its1 libraries derived from the three major composting phases. ascomycota represented most (93%) of the 27,987 fungal sequences. a total of 102 genera, 120 species, and 222 operational taxonomic units (otus; >97% similarity) were identified. thirty genera predominated (ca. 94% of the sequences), and at the species level, sequences matching chaetomium funicola and fusarium oxysporum were the ...201323785368
bioconjugation of gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized by fusarium oxysporum and their use in rapid identification of candida species by using bioconjugate-nano-polymerase chain reaction.we developed a bioconjugate-nano-pcr as a rapid and specific method for identification of candida species in less time. this requires very low concentration of master mix and dna sample of candida albicans in conjugation with gold nanoparticles (aunps) and silver nanoparticles (agnps). we report a modification of the pcr assay with nanoparticles that allows the detection of high fidelity amplification of its-rdna and beta (beta) tubulin gene of candida species from low concentrated dna in short ...201324266252
endophytic fungi isolated from oil-seed crop jatropha curcas produces oil and exhibit antifungal activity.jatropha curcas l., a perennial plant grown in tropics and subtropics is popularly known for its potential as biofuel. the plant is reported to survive under varying environmental conditions having tolerance to stress and an ability to manage pest and diseases. the plant was explored for its endophytic fungi for use in crop protection. endophytic fungi were isolated from leaf of jatropha curcas, collected from new delhi, india. four isolates were identified as colletotrichum truncatum, and other ...201323409154
characterization of a β-1,3-glucan recognition protein from the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (insecta: lepidoptera: noctuidae).the β-1,3-glucan recognition protein gene from spodoptera exigua (seβgrp) was cloned and characterized. the cdna of this gene is 1 644 nucleotides in length and the predicted polypeptide is 491 amino acids (aa) in length, with a calculated molecular mass of 54.8 kda. the first 22 aa encode a predicted secretion signal peptide. a blast search, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis of the aa sequence of seβgrp revealed that this protein is most similar to the β-1,3-glucan recognit ...201323956146
chitinase a from stenotrophomonas maltophilia shows transglycosylation and antifungal activities.stenotrophomonas maltophilia chitinase (stmchia and stmchib) genes were cloned and expressed as soluble proteins of 70.5 and 41.6 kda in escherichia coli. ni-nta affinity purified stmchia and stmchib were optimally active at ph 5.0 and 7.0, respectively and exhibited broad range ph activity. stmchia and stmchib had an optimum temperature of 40°c and are stable up to 50 and 40°c, respectively. hydrolytic activity on chitooligosaccharides indicated that stmchia was an endo-acting enzyme releasing ...201323428818
a non-cyclic baboon θ-defensin derivative exhibiting antimicrobial activity against the phytopathogen verticillium dahliae.θ-defensins are the only natural cyclic proteins found in primates. they have strong antimicrobial activity related to their trisulfide ladders and macrocyclic conformation. a non-cyclic baboon θ-defensin (btd) was synthesized by substituting valine with phenylalanine at position 17, at the c-terminal end of the btd; this was termed "btd-s." the antimicrobial activities of this synthetic peptide were investigated against escherichia coli and two cotton phytopathogens: verticillium dahliae and fu ...201322903319
synthesis and in vitro antifungal activities of new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides.2-aryl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-iums might be considered as a class of simple analogues of natural quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids. in this paper, 26 new 2-aryl-6,7-methylenedioxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-ium bromides with various substituents in n-aromatic ring were synthesized from commercially available 1,3-benzodioxole in good to excellent yields. all the compounds were elucidated by ms, high resolution (hr)-ms, ir, (1)h- and (13)c-nmr analysis, and evaluated for antifungal activ ...201323666271
chiral phosphinate degradation by the fusarium species: scope and limitation of the process.biodegradable capacities of fungal strains of fusarium oxysporum (dsmz 2018) and fusarium culmorum (dsmz 1094) were tested towards racemic mixture of chiral 2-hydroxy-2-(ethoxyphenylphosphinyl) acetic acid-a compound with two stereogenic centres. the effectiveness of decomposition was dependent on external factors such as temperature and time of the process. optimal conditions of complete mineralization were established. both fusarium species were able to biodegrade every isomer of tested compou ...201324324893
molecular analyses of fusarium isolates recovered from a cluster of invasive mold infections in a brazilian hospital.invasive fusariosis (if) is a rare but often fatal fungal infection in immunosuppressed patients. in 2007, cases of if above the expected epidemiologic baseline were detected in the hematology ward of a hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. possible sources of infection were investigated by performing environmental sampling and patient isolate collection, followed by molecular typing. isolates from dermatology patients with superficial fusariosis were included in the study for comparison to molecu ...201323363475
an iron 13s-lipoxygenase with an α-linolenic acid specific hydroperoxidase activity from fusarium oxysporum.jasmonates constitute a family of lipid-derived signaling molecules that are abundant in higher plants. the biosynthetic pathway leading to plant jasmonates is initiated by 13-lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of α-linolenic acid into its 13-hydroperoxide derivative. a number of plant pathogenic fungi (e.g. fusarium oxysporum) are also capable of producing jasmonates, however, by a yet unknown biosynthetic pathway. in a search for lipoxygenase in f. oxysporum, a reverse genetic approach was use ...201323741422
changes induced by trichoderma harzianum in suppressive compost controlling fusarium wilt.the addition of species of trichoderma to compost is a widespread technique used to control different plant diseases. the biological control activity of these species is mainly attributable to a combination of several mechanisms of action, which may affect the microbiota involved in the suppressiveness of compost. this study was therefore performed to determine the effect of inoculation of trichoderma harzianum (t. harzianum) on compost, focusing on bacterial community structure (16s rrna) and c ...201325149244
screening of endophytic bacteria against fungal plant pathogens.bacterial endophytes were found from 6 plant leaves among 35 plant leaves screened. two of the isolated bacteria showed antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens. an isolate named kl1 showed the clear inihibition against plant pathogens, fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani, on pda as well as tsa plate. supernatant of the bacterial culture also showed the clear inhibition against the fungal growth on the plate and the antibiotic substance was identified as iturin a by hplc analys ...201325078813
fusarium subglutinans: a new eumycetoma agent.eumycetoma is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis mainly caused by madurella spp. fusarium opportunistic infections in humans are often caused by fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum. we report a case of eumycetoma by f. subglutinans, diagnosed by clinical aspect and culture, and confirmed by pcr sequencing. the patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole. to our knowledge, this is the second report of human infection and the first case of mycetoma by fusarium subglutinans.201324432236
salicylic acid and salicylic acid sensitive and insensitive catalases in different genotypes of chickpea against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri.differential expression of catalase isozymes in different genotypes of chickpea resistant genotypes- a1, jg-315, jg-11, wr-315, r1-315, vijaya, iccv-15017, gbs-964, gbm-10, and susceptible genotypes- jg-62, mnk, iccv-08321, iccv-08311, kw-104, iccv-08123, icc-4951, icc-11322, icc-08116 for wilt disease caused by fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. ciceri (foc) was analyzed. salicylic acid (sa) and h2o2 concentrations were determined in control as well as in plants infected with f. ciceri and found that t ...201324431522
root rot of balloon flower (platycodon grandiflorum) caused by fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum.balloon flower (platycodon grandiflorum) is a kind of mountain herbs whose roots have restorative properties and the cultivating acreage of balloon flower has been steadily increasing in korea. more frequent rain and high amount of rainfalls as a result of climate changes predisposed balloon flower to the outbreaks of root rot at high-density cultivation area in recent years. root crowns were usually discolored into brown to blackish brown at first and the infected plants showed slight wilting s ...201325288973
polyamine metabolism and lipoxygenase activity during fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini -castor interaction.polyamine oxidase and lipoxygenase enzymes are key players for hyper sensitive reaction (hr) during incompatible interaction of host-pathogen. thus, the role of lipoxygenase and polyamines was studied in the wilt pathogen infected and non infected tissues of resistant and susceptible genotypes of castor at 0 days after infection (dai), 5 dai and 10 dai (30 days after sowing). the lipoxygenase (lox) and polyamine oxidase (pao) activities were higher in the incompatible interaction at all the stag ...201324431501
morphological and molecular characterization of fusarium. solani and f. oxysporum associated with crown disease of oil palm.crown disease (cd) is infecting oil palm in the early stages of the crop development. previous studies showed that fusarium species were commonly associated with cd. however, the identity of the species has not been resolved. this study was carried out to identify and characterize through morphological approaches and to determine the genetic diversity of the fusarium species. 51 isolates (39%) of fusarium solani and 40 isolates (31%) of fusarium oxysporum were recovered from oil palm with typica ...201324516465
analysis of banana transcriptome and global gene expression profiles in banana roots in response to infection by race 1 and tropical race 4 of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.cavendish, the most widely grown banana cultivar, is relatively resistant to race 1 of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc1) which caused widespread panama disease during the first half of the 20th century but is susceptible to tropical race 4 of foc (foc tr4) which is threatening world banana production. the genome of the diploid species musa acuminata which is the ancestor of a majority of triploid banana cultivars has recently been sequenced. availability of banana transcriptomes will be h ...201324304681
proteomic analysis of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4-inoculated response to fusarium wilts in the banana root cells.fusarium wilt of banana is one of the most destructive diseases in the world. this disease has caused heavy losses in major banana production areas. except for molecular breeding methods based on plant defense mechanisms, effective methods to control the disease are still lacking. dynamic changes in defense mechanisms between susceptible, moderately resistant, and highly resistant banana and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (foc4) at the protein level remain unknown. this resear ...201324070062
isolation, purification and characterization of vinblastine and vincristine from endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum isolated from catharanthus roseus.endophytic fungi reside in a symbiotic fashion inside their host plants, mimic their chemistry and interestingly, produce the same natural products as their hosts and are thus being screened for the production of valuable compounds like taxol, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, etc. vinblastine and vincristine are excellent anti-cancer drugs but their current production using plants is non-abundant and expensive. in order to make these drugs readily available to the patients at affordable prices, we ...201324066024
risk levels of invasive fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in areas suitable for date palm (phoenix dactylifera) cultivation under various climate change projections.global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by csiro-mk3.0 (cs) and miroc-h (mr) gcms, was modeled and combined with the future di ...201324340100
development of a real-time fluorescence loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and quantitative detection of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in soil.fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc), the causal agent of fusarium wilt (panama disease), is one of the most devastating diseases of banana (musa spp.). the foc tropical race 4 (tr4) is currently known as a major concern in global banana production. no effective resistance is known in musa to foc, and no effective measures for controlling foc once banana plants have been infected in place. early and accurate detection of foc tr4 is essential to protect banana industry and guide banana plantin ...201324376590
[research wilt disease of salvia miltiorrhiza and its pathogen].salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly valued traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders in china, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in china. the wilt disease is serious in the culture of s. miltiorrhiza. wilt disease cause biomass of plant shoots and roots is lessened, active components are decreased. to solve these problems, we research the pathogen causing wilt disease of s. miltiorrhiza. the suspected pathogen is identified by morphology a ...201324791484
rapid identification of fusarium graminearum species complex using rolling circle amplification (rca).rolling circle amplification (rca) of dna is a sensitive and cost effective method for the rapid identification of pathogenic fungi without the need for sequencing. amplification products can be visualized on 1% agarose gel to verify the specificity of probe-template binding or directly by adding fluorescent dyes. fusarium head blight (fhb) is currently the world's largest threat to the production of cereal crops with the production of a range of mycotoxins as an additional risk. we designed set ...201222326479
transposition of the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1 in the wheat pathogen fusarium culmorum.high-throughput methods are needed for functional genomics analysis in fusarium culmorum, the cause of crown and foot rot on wheat and a type b trichothecene producer. our aim was to develop and test the efficacy of a double-component system based on the ability of the impala transposase to transactivate the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1 of fusarium oxysporum. we report, for the first time, the application of a tagging system based on a heterologous transposon and of splin ...201222897438
enhanced antifungal and insect α-amylase inhibitory activities of alpha-tvd1, a peptide variant of tephrosia villosa defensin (tvd1) generated through in vitro mutagenesis.tvd1 is a small, cationic, and highly stable defensin from the weedy legume, tephrosia villosa with demonstrated in vitro antifungal activity. we show here peptide modifications in tvd1 that lead to enhanced antifungal activities. three peptide variants, s32r, d37r, and alpha-tvd1 (-g-m-t-r-t-) with variations in and around the β2-β3 loop region that imposes the two β-strands, β2 and β3 were generated through in vitro mutagenesis. alpha-tvd1 exhibited enhanced antifungal activity against the fun ...201222244814
identification of fungal phytopathogens using fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods.the early diagnosis of phytopathogens is of a great importance; it could save large economical losses due to crops damaged by fungal diseases, and prevent unnecessary soil fumigation or the use of fungicides and bactericides and thus prevent considerable environmental pollution. in this study, 18 isolates of three different fungi genera were investigated; six isolates of colletotrichum coccodes, six isolates of verticillium dahliae and six isolates of fusarium oxysporum. our main goal was to dif ...201222352668
the rhizospheres of traditional medicinal plants in panxi, china, host a diverse selection of actinobacteria with antimicrobial properties.actinobacteria are a prolific source of antibiotics. since the rate of discovery of novel antibiotics is decreasing, actinobacteria from unique environments need to be explored. in particular, actinobacterial biocontrol strains from medicinal plants need to be studied as they can be a source of potent antibiotics. we combined culture-dependent and culture-independent methods in analyzing the actinobacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of seven traditional medicinal plant species from panxi, chi ...201222286515
molecular cloning and functional analysis of a recombinant ribosome-inactivating protein (alpha-momorcharin) from momordica charantia.alpha-momorcharin (α-mc), a member of the ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) family, has been used not only as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents, but also as toxicant to protozoa, insects, and fungi. in this study, we expressed the protein in escherichia coli rosetta (de3) plyss strain and purified it by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. a total of 85 mg of homogeneous protein was obtained from 1 l culture supernatant of rosetta (de3) plyss, showing a high recov ...201222262229
synthesis of 4'-thiosemicarbazonegriseofulvin and its effects on the control of enzymatic browning and postharvest disease of fruits.4'-thiosemicarbazonegriseofulvin, a new thiosemicarbazide derivative of griseofulvin, was synthesized and evaluated for its potential in the control of enzymatic browning and postharvest disease of fruits. browning on fruits is mainly due to the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by tyrosinase. 4'-thiosemicarbazonegriseofulvin could effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, and its 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) against tyrosinase was determined to be 37.8 μm. it wa ...201223025498
composition and antipathogenic activities of the twig essential oil of chamaecyparis formosensis from taiwan.in this study, antipathogenic activities of the twig essential oil and its constituents from chamaecyparis formosensis matsum were evaluated in vitro against six plant pathogenic fungi. the essential oil from the fresh twigs was isolated using hydrodistillation in a clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by gc-fid and gc-ms. twenty-five compounds were identified, representing 98.9% of the oil. the main components were beta-eudesmol (25.1%), tau-muurolol (21.6%), elemol (15.0%), totarol (14. ...201222908586
hybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl urea/thiourea with potential applications in agriculture and medicine.benzoyl phenyl urea, a class of insect growth regulator's acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis. carvacrol, a naturally occurring monoterpenoid is an effective antifungal agent. we have structurally modified carvacrol (2-methyl-5-[1-methylethyl] phenol) by introducing benzoylphenyl urea linkage. two series of benzoylcarvacryl thiourea (bctu, 4a-f) and benzoylcarvacryl urea (bcu, 5a-f) derivatives were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr and mass spectroscopy. d ...201222850211
the wor1-like protein fgp1 regulates pathogenicity, toxin synthesis and reproduction in the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum.wor1 is a gene for a conserved fungal regulatory protein controlling the dimorphic switch and pathogenicity determents in candida albicans and its ortholog in the plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum, called sge1, is required for pathogenicity and expression of key plant effector proteins. f. graminearum, an important pathogen of cereals, is not known to employ switching and no effector proteins from f. graminearum have been found to date that are required for infection. in this study, the potentia ...201222693448
characterization of an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces from catharanthus roseus stems producing polyene macrolide antibiotic.an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces sp. designated as ts3ro having antifungal activity against a large number of fungal pathogens, including sclerotinia sclerotiorum, rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, cryphonectria parasitica, fusarium oxysporum, pyrenophora tritici-repentis, epidermophyton floccosum, and trichophyton rubrum, was isolated from surface-sterilized catharanthus roseus stems. preliminary identification showed that streptomyces cinnamoneus subsp. sparsus was it ...201222524528
expression of recombinant earli1, a hybrid proline-rich protein of arabidopsis, in escherichia coli and its inhibition effect to the growth of fungal pathogens and saccharomyces cerevisiae.earli1 is an arabidopsis gene with pleiotropic effects previously shown to have auxiliary functions in protecting plants against freezing-induced cellular damage and promoting germinability under low-temperature and salinity stresses. here we determined whether recombinant earli1 protein has anti-fungal activity. recombinant earli1 protein lacking its signal peptide was produced in escherichia coli bl21(de3) using isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg) induction and the prokaryotic express ...201222759515
expression of the ginseng pgpr10-1 in arabidopsis confers resistance against fungal and bacterial infection.korean ginseng (panax ginseng c. a. meyer) consists of nine cultivars from three jakyung, chungkyung, and hwangsook lines. among three previously identified pr-10 homologs from ginseng (pgpr10-1, pgpr10-2, and pgpr10-3), we found that the exact same sequence of pgpr10-2 exist in all tested nine cultivars. but a deletion and snp was found in american ginseng (panax quinquefolius). pr-10 proteins are known to be small and cytosolic, and showed similar three-dimensional structure. here we show that ...201222750300
purification, characterization of a ckchn134 protein from cynanchum komarovii seeds and synergistic effect with cktlp against verticillium dahliae.cynanchum komarovii al iljinski is a desert plant that has been used as analgesic, anthelminthic, and antidiarrheal, but also as herbal medicine to treat cholecystitis in people. in this work, an antifungal protein with sequence homology to chitinase was isolated from c. komarovii seeds and named ckchn134. the three-dimensional structure prediction of ckchn134 indicated that the protein has a loop domain formed a thin cleft, which is able to bind molecules and substrates. the protein and cktlp s ...201222532259
the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology.the aim of this review was to survey all fungal pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which fungal pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 495 votes from the international community, and resulted in the generation of a top 10 fungal plant pathogen list for molecular plant pathology. the top 10 list includes, in rank order, (1) magnaporthe oryzae; (2) botrytis cinerea; (3) ...201222471698
prp8 inteins in species of the genus botrytis and other ascomycetes.the mobile elements termed inteins have a sporadic distribution in microorganisms. it is unclear how these elements are maintained. inteins are intervening protein sequences that autocatalytically excise themselves from a precursor. excision is a post-translational process referred to as 'protein splicing' in which the sequences flanking the intein are ligated, reforming the mature host protein. some inteins contain a homing endonuclease domain (heg) that is proposed to facilitate propagation of ...201222285471
synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and spectroscopic characterization of novel imidazolone, triazole and triazinone derivatives.the reactions of 2-phenyl-4-arylmethylene-2-oxazolin-5-ones (1a, b) and 2-phenyl-4-arylazo-2-oxazolin-5-ones (8a, b) with p-aminoazobenzene derivatives (2a-c) gave the corresponding imidazolone derivatives (4a-f) and triazole derivatives (10a-f), respectively. also, the reaction of 1a with o-aminophenol to give the imidazolone derivative 5 was studied. the reaction of 1a with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine gave the corresponding 1,2,4-triazine derivatives 14a-c, respectively. the newly synthesized c ...201222796528
[diversity and antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula].in order to study diversity and find antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula.201222799208
genes encoding hevein-like defense peptides in wheat: distribution, evolution, and role in stress response.hevein-like plant defense peptides wamp-1a/b with a unique 10-cys motif are found in the wheat triticum kiharae seeds. three different wamp genomic and cdna sequences were derived from t. kiharae; no introns were spotted in the protein-coding regions of the genes. the deduced wamp precursor proteins consist of a signal peptide, mature peptide (wamp) and c-terminal prosequence. origin of wamps from class i/iv chitinases via deletion of the catalytic domain is proposed based on homology between th ...201222227377
evaluation of certain food additives.this report represents the conclusions of a joint fao/who expert committee convened to evaluate the safety of various food additives, including flavouring agents, with a view to concluding as to safety concerns and to preparing specifications for identity and purity. the first part of the report contains a general discussion of the principles governing the toxicological evaluation of and assessment of dietary exposure to food additives, including flavouring agents. a summary follows of the commi ...201223600165
isolation and molecular characterization of a novel strain of bacillus with antifungal activity from the sorghum rhizosphere.we looked for bacterial strains with antifungal activity in the sorghum rhizosphere. a prescreening procedure to search for hemolytic activity among the isolated strains allowed us to detect good fungitoxic activity in a bacterial isolate that we named um96. this bacterial isolate showed strong growth inhibition in bioassays against the pathogens diaporthe phaseolorum, colletotrichum acutatum, rhizoctonia solani, and fusarium oxysporum. the supernatant of isolate um96 also showed strong hemolyti ...201222869080
antifungal activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 volatile compounds against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 produces volatile compounds (vocs) that inhibit the growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. among the total of 36 volatile compounds detected, 11 compounds completely inhibited fungal growth. the antifungal activity of these compounds suggested that vocs can play important roles over short and long distances in the suppression of fusarium oxysporum.201222685147
the ultrasound-assisted extraction and identification of antifungal substances from b. amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 suppressing fusarium oxysporum.the primary mechanism underlying antagonism among microorganisms is the production of antagonistic substances called antibiotics that inhibit the growth of pathogens. in this study, the antagonistic substances produced by the bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 that had antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum were extracted and identified. the active antifungal substance was extracted from dried leavening with ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), using n -butanol as the extractant. h ...201222581589
use of two bacteria for biological control of bayoud disease caused by fusarium oxysporum in date palm (phoenix dactylifera l) seedlings.the bayoud, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (foa), is the most destructive disease of date palm (phoenix dactylifera l) in morocco and algeria, with no effective control strategy yet available. in this work, two bacteria, bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain ag1 (ag) and burkholderia cepacia strain cs5 (cs), were examined for their potential to control this disease. both bacterial strains inhibited both growth and sporulation of foa. they released compounds into the culture medium, wh ...201222480991
production of bacillomycin- and macrolactin-type antibiotics by bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 for suppressing soilborne plant pathogens.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains have been used as biocontrol agents for the suppression of several soilborne plant pathogens. a clearer understanding of the antagonistic mechanisms of action of these bacteria will facilitate their use in the control of plant diseases. antagonistic substances were isolated from the fermentation broth of b. amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 cultures. these compounds were preconcentrated using an xad-16 column and were purified using reversed-phase high-performance ...201222385216
new 1,3,4-bisthiadiazolines: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluations.the bisthiadiazolines 4a-4g have been synthesized in good yields from the cyclization reactions of bisthiosemicarbazones 3a-3g with acetic anhydride. the condensation reaction of dibenzaldehydes 2a-2g with thiosemicarbazide in alcoholic medium provided 3a-3g and former were obtained from the o-alkylation of 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with suitable 1,ω-dibromoalkanes under alkaline conditions in the presence of dry etoh/dmf. the intermediates 3a-3g and bishetrocyclics 4a-4g were also screened for thei ...201222832010
bioprospecting micromonospora from kaziranga national park of india and their anti-infective potential.large number of strains was isolated from soils of kaziranga national park of north-east india using selective isolation procedure. they were assigned to the genus micromonospora on the basis of their typical colonial and pigmentation features. the taxonomic identities of the isolates were confirmed on the basis of their molecular characters (16srdna). a total of one hundred micromonospora strains were isolated during the present investigation. the diagnostic cell wall sugar and amino acids were ...201222806196
testing of the safety and the effectiveness of using samjeongpharmacopuncture solution as eye drops.this experimental study was designed to investigate the safety and the effectiveness of samjeong pharmacopuncture solution (sps) manufactured by using a the lowtemperature extract on process.201225780632
biochemical-, biophysical-, and microarray-based antifungal evaluation of the buffer-mediated synthesized nano zinc oxide: an in vivo and in vitro toxicity study.here we describe a simple, novel method of zinc oxide nanoparticle (znp) synthesis and physicochemical characterization. the dose-dependent antifungal effect of znps, compared to that of micronized zinc oxide (mzno), was studied on two pathogenic fungi: aspergillus niger and fusarium oxysporum. superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity, catalase activity, glutathione reductase (gr) activity, thiol content, lipid peroxidation, and proline content in znp-treated fungal sam ...201223163331
design, synthesis, spectral and biological evaluation of novel 1-allyl substituted 2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-ones and its derivatives of oximes/oxime ethers.a series of 1-allyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one oximes 17-24 and 1-allyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one o-benzyloximes 25-32 were synthesized from respective 1-allyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-ones 9-16. the structure and the conformations have been investigated for all the synthesized compounds 9-32 by analytical and spectral techniques (ir, mass, 1h, 13c, 2d nmr and x-ray diffraction). based on the proton nmr analysis, all the synthesized compounds 9-32, exposed chair conformation except compounds 2 ...201223031593
differential chlorate inhibition of chaetomium globosum germination, hyphal growth, and perithecia synthesis.chaetomium globosum kunze:fr is a dermatophytic, dematiaceous fungus that is ubiquitous in soils, grows readily on cellulolytic materials, and is commonly found on water-damaged building materials. chlorate affects nitrogen metabolism in fungi and is used to study compatibility among anamorphic fungi by inducing nit mutants. the effect of chlorate toxicity on c. globosum was investigated by amending a modified malt extract agar (mea), oat agar, and carboxymethyl cellulose agar (cmc) with various ...201222903379
identification of antimicrobial compound, diketopiperazines, from a bacillus sp. n strain associated with a rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode against major plant pathogenic fungi.to purify and characterize antimicrobial compounds from bacillus sp. strain n associated with rhabditid entomopathogenic nematode (epn).201222747978
synthesis of a new group of aliphatic hydrazide derivatives and the correlations between their molecular structure and biological activity.in view of the growing demand for new compounds showing biological activity against pathogenic microorganisms, such as pathogenic and phytopathogenic fungi, the objective of this study was to synthesize a new group of aliphatic and aromatic derivatives of hydrazide. in consequence of the reactions observed during synthesis, the resulting compounds retained their linear structure. their structure and lipophilicity, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc), were analyzed. correlat ...201222441334
degradation of terbuthylazine, difenoconazole and pendimethalin pesticides by selected fungi cultures.contamination of waters by xenobiotic compounds such as pesticides presents a serious environmental problem with substantial levels of pesticides now contaminating european water resources. the aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of the fungi fusarium oxysporum, aspergillus oryzae, lentinula edodes, penicillium brevicompactum and lecanicillium saksenae, for the biodegradation of the pesticides terbuthylazine, difenoconazole and pendimethalin in batch liquid cultures. these pesticides ar ...201222878100
breakthrough filamentous fungal infections in pediatric hematopoetic stem cell transplant and oncology patients receiving caspofungin.caspofungin is an echinocandin class antifungal medication that is commonly used empirically in immunocompromised patients at high risk for invasive fungal disease.201224294271
production of antifungal chitinase by aspergillus niger lock 62 and its potential role in the biological control.aspergillus niger lock 62 produces an antifungal chitinase. different sources of chitin in the medium were used to test the production of the chitinase. chitinase production was most effective when colloidal chitin and shrimp shell were used as substrates. the optimum incubation period for chitinase production by aspergillus niger lock 62 was 6 days. the chitinase was purified from the culture medium by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography. the molecular mass of the pu ...201222922773
phytopathogenic fungal inhibitors from celery seeds.extract of celery (apium graveolens l.) seeds was investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. the light petroleum extract showed promising inhibition activities in the tests against rhizoctonia solani and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecum. chromatographic separation of the extract gave 19 fractions, one of which, qcz-4, possessed significant inhibitory rates of 64.6%, 88.4% and 54.7% at a concentration of 100 ppm against r. solani, f. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfecum and alternaria alternata, res ...201222908573
season and tissue type affect fungal endophyte communities of the indian medicinal plant tinospora cordifolia more strongly than geographic location.a total of 1,151 endophytic fungal isolates representing 29 taxa were isolated from symptom-less, surface-sterilized segments of stem, leaf, petiole, and root of tinospora cordifolia which had been collected at three locations differing in air pollution in india (ramnagar, banaras hindu university, maruadih) during three seasons (summer, monsoon, winter). endophytes were most abundant in leaf tissues (29.38% of all isolates), followed by stem (18.16%), petiole (10.11%), and root segments (6.27%) ...201222430503
metabolites from aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus associated with melia azedarach, and their antifungal, antifeedant, and toxic activities.thirty-nine fungal metabolites 1-39, including two new alkaloids, 12β-hydroxy-13α-methoxyverruculogen tr-2 (6) and 3-hydroxyfumiquinazoline a (16), were isolated from the fermentation broth of aspergillus fumigatus ln-4, an endophytic fungus isolated from the stem bark of melia azedarach. their structures were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analysis (mass spectrometry and one- and two-dimensional nmr experiments) and by comparison of their nmr data with those reported in the l ...201222409377
application of a multiplex suspension array for rapid and simultaneous identification of clinically important mold pathogens.we have developed a microsphere-based suspension array (msa) for the identification of 23 medically important mold pathogens including aspergillus spp., fusarium spp., mucor spp., rhizopus spp., rhizomucor pusillus, penicillium marneffei, saksenaea vasiformis, apophysomyces elegans, lichtheimia corymbifer, and syncephalastrum racemosum. twenty-one oligonucleotide probes were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer (its2) region for species level identification of molds. among the 21 pr ...201222771862
a highly efficient agrobacterium mediated transformation system for chickpea wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri using dsred-express to follow root colonisation.the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (foc) causes vascular wilt of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), resulting in substantial yield losses worldwide. agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation (atmt) has served as a resourceful tool for plant-pathogen interaction studies and offers a number of advantages over conventional transformation systems. here, we developed a highly efficient a. tumefaciens mediated transformation system for foc. in addition, a binary vector for cons ...201222397973
use of 18s ribosomal dna polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to study composition of fungal community in 2 patients with intestinal transplants.fungi form a diverse microbial community in the human intestine. little is known about the succession of species after intestinal transplantation. we investigated the alterations of the gut fungal population in 2 patients with intestinal allografts. the ileal effluent and feces were fingerprinted using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, with confirmation by dna sequencing. analysis of 18s ribosomal dna indicated that the phylogenetic diversity of the fungal communities was higher soon afte ...201222305239
production and characterization of antifungal compounds produced by lactobacillus plantarum imau10014.lactobacillus plantarum imau10014 was isolated from koumiss that produces a broad spectrum of antifungal compounds, all of which were active against plant pathogenic fungi in an agar plate assay. two major antifungal compounds were extracted from the cell-free supernatant broth of l. plantarum imau10014. 3-phenyllactic acid and benzeneacetic acid, 2-propenyl ester were carried out by hplc, lc-ms, gc-ms, nmr analysis. it is the first report that lactic acid bacteria produce antifungal benzeneacet ...201222276116
construction of a new gfp vector and its use for fusaruim oxysporum transformation.in this study, the gfp fragment as a reporter gene had integrated into the form plasmid vector pbc-hygro which contains an expressive promoter of the fungus to facilitate the transformation of fusarium oxysporum. the resultant plasmid pbc-hygro-gfp was identified by digestion with enzymes. binary plasmids pbc-hygro-gfp were transformed into f. oxysporum by using the peg-cacl2 mediated transformation technique. results show that the recombinant plasmid pbc-hygro-gfp was constructed correctly. the ...201223961215
transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible cavendish banana roots following inoculation with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4.fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (foc tr4), is considered the most lethal disease of cavendish bananas in the world. the disease can be managed in the field by planting resistant cavendish plants generated by somaclonal variation. however, little information is available on the genetic basis of plant resistance to foc tr4. to a better understand the defense response of resistant banana plants to the fusarium wilt pathogen, the transcr ...201222863187
genetic and physical mapping of candidate genes for resistance to fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum race 3 in cowpea [vigna unguiculata (l.) walp].fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum (fot) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt disease in cowpea. fot race 3 is one of the major pathogens affecting cowpea production in california. identification of fot race 3 resistance determinants will expedite delivery of improved cultivars by replacing time-consuming phenotypic screening with selection based on perfect markers, thereby generating successful cultivars in a shorter time period. resistance to fot race 3 was studied in ...201222860000
the lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor lbd20 functions in fusarium wilt susceptibility and jasmonate signaling in arabidopsis.the lateral organ boundaries (lob) domain (lbd) gene family encodes plant-specific transcriptional regulators functioning in organ development. in a screen of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) sequence-indexed transferred dna insertion mutants, we found disruption of the lob domain-containing protein20 (lbd20) gene led to increased resistance to the root-infecting vascular wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum. in wild-type plants, lbd20 transcripts were barely detectable in leaves but abundant in r ...201222786889
control of fusarium wilt in banana with chinese leek.the inhibitory effects of chinese leek(allium tuberosum) on fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc) and on fusarium wilt incidence were studied in order to identify a potential efficient way to control the disease. adopting the rotation system of chinese leek-banana reduced the fusarium wilt incidence and disease severity index by 88 %-97 % and 91 %-96 %, respectively, improved the crop value by 36 %-86 %, in an area heavily infested by foc between 2007 and 2009. as a result of inoculation in th ...201223144534
protein-protein interactions as a proxy to monitor conformational changes and activation states of the tomato resistance protein i-2.plant resistance proteins (r) are involved in pathogen recognition and subsequent initiation of defence responses. their activity is regulated by inter- and intramolecular interactions. in a yeast two-hybrid screen two clones (i2i-1 and i2i-2) specifically interacting with i-2, a fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici resistance protein of the cc-nb-lrr family, were identified. sequence analysis revealed that i2i-1 belongs to the formin gene family (slformin) whereas i2i-2 has homology to transli ...201222345637
synthesis and antifungal activity of novel pyrazolecarboxamide derivatives containing a hydrazone moiety.the plant pathogenic fungus (such as gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum and cytospora mandshurica) causes devastating disease in agriculture. the pathogenic fungus is responsible for billions of dollars in economic losses worldwide each year. in order to discover new fungicidal molecule with good fungicidal activity against g. zeae, f. oxysporum, and c. mandshurica, we sought to combine the active sub-structure of hydrazone and pyrazole amide derivatives together to design and synthesize novel ...201222647315
p-coumaric acid influenced cucumber rhizosphere soil microbial communities and the growth of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum owen.autotoxicity of cucumber root exudates or decaying residues may be the cause of the soil sickness of cucumber. however, how autotoxins affect soil microbial communities is not yet fully understood.201223118972
sensitivity of some nitrogen fixers and the target pest fusarium oxysporum to fungicide thiram.this study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of the fungicide thiram (tmtd) against five nitrogen fixers and the thiram target pest fusarium oxysporum under laboratory conditions. nitrogen fixing bacteria falvobacterium showed the highest values of ld(50) and proved to be the most resistant to the fungicide followed by fusarium oxysporum, while pseudomonas aurentiaca was the most affected microorganism. ld(50) values for these microorganisms were in 2-5 orders of magnitude lower i ...201222783146
in vitro antifungal activity of burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola against some phytopathogenic fungi.the trend to search novel microbial natural biocides has recently been increasing in order to avoid the environmental pollution from use of synthetic pesticides. among these novel natural biocides are the bioactive secondary metabolites of burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola (bga). the aim of this study is to determine antifungal activity of bga strains against some phytopathogenic fungi. the fungicidal tests were carried out using cultures and cell-free culture filtrates against botrytis cine ...201223208371
correlations between root-associated microorganisms and peach replant disease symptoms in a california soil.replant disease often occurs when certain crops are "replanted" in a soil that had previously supported the same or similar plant species. this disease typically leads to reductions in plant growth, crop yields, and production duration, and its etiology remains ill-defined. the objective of this study was to identify microorganisms associated with peach replant disease symptoms at a field location in california, usa. soil samples were subjected to treatments to create various levels of replant d ...201223071565
hapx-mediated iron homeostasis is essential for rhizosphere competence and virulence of the soilborne pathogen fusarium oxysporum.soilborne fungal pathogens cause devastating yield losses and are highly persistent and difficult to control. during the infection process, these organisms must cope with limited availability of iron. here we show that the bzip protein hapx functions as a key regulator of iron homeostasis and virulence in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum. deletion of hapx does not affect iron uptake but causes derepression of genes involved in iron-consuming pathways, leading to impaired growth under ...201222968717
production of fungal and bacterial growth modulating secondary metabolites is widespread among mycorrhiza-associated streptomycetes.studies on mycorrhiza associated bacteria suggest that bacterial-fungal interactions play important roles during mycorrhiza formation and affect plant health. we surveyed streptomyces actinobacteria, known as antibiotic producers and antagonists of fungi, from norway spruce mycorrhizas with predominantly piloderma species as the fungal partner.201222852578
effect of biocontrol agent pseudomonas fluorescens 2p24 on soil fungal community in cucumber rhizosphere using t-rflp and dgge.fungi and fungal community play important roles in the soil ecosystem, and the diversity of fungal community could act as natural antagonists of various plant pathogens. biological control is a promising method to protect plants as chemical pesticides may cause environment pollution. pseudomonas fluorescens 2p24 had strong inhibitory on rastonia solanacearum, fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani, etc., and was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere take-all decline soils in shandong province, ...201222359632
in vitro antifungal activity of dehydrozingerone and its fungitoxic properties.the efficacy of dehydrozingerone (dz; dehydroderivative of zingerone) as an antifungal agent and its mode of action against food spoilage fungal pathogens was studied and presented. dz is a constituent of ginger (zingiber officinale rhizomes) and structural half analogue of curcumin. its efficacy against aspergillus oryzae, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus ochraceus, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium chrysogenum was evaluated. effect of dz on the growth and sporulation of a. o ...201223278709
enhanced degradation of α-chitin materials prepared from shrimp processing byproduct and production of n-acetyl-d: -glucosamine by thermoactive chitinases from soil mesophilic fungi.soil isolates of mesophilic penicillium monoverticillium cfr 2, aspergillus flavus cfr 10 and fusarium oxysporum cfr 8 were cultivated in solid state fermentation (ssf) using wheat bran solid medium supplemented with α-chitin in order to produce chitinolytic enzyme. under ssf cultivation, maximum enzymes (u/g ids) production was 41.0 (endo-chitinase) and 195.4 (β-n-acetylhexosaminidase) by p. monoverticillium, 26.8 (endo-chitinase) and 222.1 (β-n-acetylhexosaminidase) by a. flavus and 13.3 (endo ...201222270691
chemical composition and antifungal activity of matricaria recutita flower essential oil against medically important dermatophytes and soil-borne pathogens.fungal infections are potential public health threats all over the world. in the present study, effect of matricaria recutita flower essential oil (eo) was evaluated against medically important dermatophytes and opportunistic saprophytes using microbioassay technique.201223518164
volatile substances produced by fusarium oxysporum from coffee rhizosphere and other microbes affect meloidogyne incognita and arthrobotrys conoides.microorganisms produce volatile organic compounds (vocs) which mediate interactions with other organisms and may be the basis for the development of new methods to control plant-parasitic nematodes that damage coffee plants. in the present work, 35 fungal isolates were isolated from coffee plant rhizosphere, meloidogyne exigua eggs and egg masses. most of the fungal isolates belonged to the genus fusarium and presented in vitro antagonism classified as mutual exclusion and parasitism against the ...201223482720
[fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato].continuous cropping obstacle is one of the main restriction factors in potato industry. in order to explore the mechanisms of potato's continuous cropping obstacle and to reduce the impact on potato's tuber yield, a field experiment combined with pcr-dgge molecular fingerprinting was conducted to investigate the fungal population structure and its biological effect in rhizosphere soil of continuously cropped potato. with the increasing year of potato' s continuous cropping, the numbers of visibl ...201223431794
anti-fungi activities of bacillus thuringiensis h3 chitinase and immobilized chitinase particles and their effects to rice seedling defensive enzymes.the chitinase producing bacterium h3 strain was screened from nature with the selective medium and was identified as bacillus thuringiensis. the purpose of this investigation is to study the antifungi activity of bacillus thuringiensis h3 chitinase and its immobilized particles, and the effects on growth of rice seedlings and activities of defensive enzymes. the rice seedlings qualities and several defense enzymes activity were measured after rice seedlings were treated by free chitinase and imm ...201223421182
endophytic fungi from vitis labrusca l. ('niagara rosada') and its potential for the biological control of fusarium oxysporum.we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi found on grape (vitis labrusca cv. niagara rosada) leaves collected from salesópolis, sp, brazil. the fungi were isolated and characterized by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, followed by sequencing of the its1-5.8s-its2 rdna. in addition, the ability of these endophytic fungi to inhibit the grapevine pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp herbemontis was determined in vitro. we also observed that the climatic factors, such as temperature ...201223315803
the insect galleria mellonella as a powerful infection model to investigate bacterial pathogenesis.the study of bacterial virulence often requires a suitable animal model. mammalian models of infection are costly and may raise ethical issues. the use of insects as infection models provides a valuable alternative. compared to other non-vertebrate model hosts such as nematodes, insects have a relatively advanced system of antimicrobial defenses and are thus more likely to produce information relevant to the mammalian infection process. like mammals, insects possess a complex innate immune syste ...201223271509
in vitro and in vivo biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi by certain bioagents and their possible mode of action.the study aimed to investigate new wide-spectrum biological control agents against soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. screening of 336 fungal strains and 256 bacterial strains was carried out in vitro to select the most promising isolates for controlling destructive pathogens of greenhouse-vegetables. in dual cultures, bacillus subtilis jf419701 and trichoderma harzianum jf419706 (teleomorph: hypocrea lixii) inhibited the growth of alternaria alternata, fusarium oxysporum, exserohilum rostratum, ...201223269217
gene expression specificity of the mussel antifungal mytimycin (mytm).we previously reported the nucleotide sequences and diversity of mytimycin (mytm) from the mediterranean mussel, mytilus galloprovincialis. using real-time pcr (q-pcr), we observed that the mytm gene was mainly expressed in circulating hemocytes and to a less extent in the mantle. in vivo challenge with bacteria or with the yeast, candida albicans, did not increase the expression as measured by q-pcr in hemocytes. by contrast, injection of the filamentous fungus, fusarium oxysporum, induced a su ...201222037382
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