Publications

primary structure of cytochrome c gene from the white root rot fungus rosellinia necatrix.	the nucleotide sequence of the cytochrome c (cytc) gene of the white root rot fungus rosellinia necatrix was analyzed. the structure of this gene, which had three introns in the coding region, was similar to that of aspergillus nidulans. the second intron of the r. necatrix cytc gene was not present in neurospora crassa or fusarium oxysporum. however, the amino acid sequence of r. necatrix was most similar to that of neurospora crassa. thus, it seemed that the second intron of the r. necatrix cy ...	2003	12619691
genetic variability of fusarium wilt pathogen isolates of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) assessed by molecular markers.	genetic variability among 43 isolates of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, the chickpea wilt pathogen, collected from nine states of india including the four well-characterized races of the pathogen were assessed using the molecular markers, rapds and aflp. principal coordinate analysis of the similarity index data generated from the molecular marker studies mostly gave three different clusters: of these two clusters represented race-1 and race-2, and the third cluster consisted of race-3 and rac ...	2002	12617504
isolation of pisumin, a novel antifungal protein from legumes of the sugar snap pea pisum sativum var macrocarpon.	an antifungal protein with a novel n-terminal sequence gvgaaygcfg and a molecular mass of 31 kda was isolated from the legumes of the sugar snap pea pisum sativum var. macrocarpon. the protein, designated pisumin, exhibited antifungal activity against coprinus comatus and pleurotus ostreatus and much weaker activity against fusarium oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani. pisumin inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an ic(50) of 6 microm. pisumin was similar to o ...	2003	12600683
secretion of ligninperoxidase by penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus.	secretion of ligninperoxidase [e.c.1.11.1.7] by penicillium citrinum, fusarium oxysporum and aspergillus terreus in liquid culture growth medium has been demonstrated. enzymatic characteristics like km, ph and temperature optima using veratryl alcohol as the organic substrate of ligninperoxidases from above sources have been determined. km values using veratryl alcohol as substrate for enzymes from p. citrinum, f. oxysporum and a. terreus were 69, 64 and 60 microm respectively. km values using h ...	2002	12597550
fungitoxic phenols from carnation (dianthus caryophyllus) effective against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi.	the phenol compositions of two cultivars of carnation (dianthus caryophyllus) namely "gloriana" and "roland", which are partially and highly resistant, respectively, to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi have been investigated with the aim of determining if endogenous phenols could have an anti-fungal effect against the pathogen. analyses were performed on healthy and f. oxysporum-inoculated in vitro tissues, and on in vivo plants. two benzoic acid derivatives, protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxyb ...	2003	12597250
the influence of co-cultivation on expression of the antifungal protein in aspergillus giganteus.	the afp gene of aspergillus giganteus encodes a small, highly basic polypeptide with antifungal activity, named antifungal protein (afp). the protein is secreted by the mould and inhibits the growth of various filamentous fungi. in this paper we report that co-cultivation of a. giganteus with various microorganisms alters afp expression. it was found that co-cultivation modulates afp expression on the level of transcription, using a reporter system based on the beta-glucuronidase gene. the prese ...	2003	12596244
pn-amps, the hevein-like proteins from pharbitis nil confers disease resistance against phytopathogenic fungi in tomato, lycopersicum esculentum.	the antifungal activity of hevein-like proteins has been associated with their chitin-binding activities. pn-amp1 and pn-amp2, two hevein homologues from pharbitis nil, show in vitro antifungal activities against both chitin and non-chitin containing fungi. purified pn-amps retained antifungal activities only under non-reducing conditions. when pn-amp2 cdna was constitutively expressed in tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants under the control of camv35s promoter, the transgenic plants showed ...	2003	12591259
temperature effect on fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis survival during horticultural waste composting.	the aim of this work was to study the effect of high temperatures generated during composting process, on the phytopathogen fungus fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis. this investigation was achieved by both in vivo (semipilot-scale composting of horticultural wastes) and in vitro (lab-scale thermal treatments) assays.	2003	12588556
impala, a transposon from fusarium oxysporum, is active in the genome of penicillium griseoroseum.	an autonomous impala transposon trapped in fusarium oxysporum by insertion within the niad gene encoding nitrate reductase was introduced in the genome of the fungus penicillium griseoroseum, a producer of pectinase enzymes. through a phenotypic assay, we demonstrate that this element is able to excise from the niad gene and to reinsert at new genomic positions. as in the original host, impala inserts into a ta site and footprints left by impala excisions are generally 5 bp. the fact that impala ...	2003	12586410
integration of sequence tagged microsatellite sites to the chickpea genetic map.	fifty sequence-tagged microsatellite site (stms) markers and a resistant gene-analog (rga) locus were integrated into a chickpea ( cicer arietinum l., 2n = 2 x = 16 chromosomes) genetic map that was previously constructed using 142 f(6)-derived recombinant inbred lines (rils) from a cross of c. arietinum x cicer reticulatum lad. the map covers 1,174.5 cm with an average distance of 7.0 cm between markers in nine linkage groups (lgs). nine markers including the rga showed distorted segregation ( ...	2002	12582909
resistance gene homologues in melon are linked to genetic loci conferring disease and pest resistance.	genomic and cdna fragments with homology to known disease resistance genes (rgh fragments) were cloned from cucumis melo using degenerate-primer pcr. fifteen homologues of the nbs-lrr gene family have been isolated. the nbs-lrr homologues show high divergence and, based on the partial nbs-fragment sequences, appear to include members of the two major subfamilies that have been described in dicot plants, one that possesses a tir-protein element and one that lacks such a domain. genomic organizati ...	2002	12582612
a genetic linkage map for watermelon derived from a testcross population: ( citrullus lanatus var. citroides x c. lanatus var. lanatus) x citrullus colocynthis.	a genetic linkage map was constructed for watermelon using a testcross population [plant accession griffin 14113 ( citrullus lanatus var. citroides) x new hampshire midget (nhm; c. lanatus var. lanatus)] x u.s. plant introduction (pi) 386015 ( citrullus colocynthis). the map contains 141 randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers produced by 78 primers, 27 inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers produced by 17 primers, and a sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) marker that w ...	2002	12582504
microbial community composition affects soil fungistasis.	most soils inhibit fungal germination and growth to a certain extent, a phenomenon known as soil fungistasis. previous observations have implicated microorganisms as the causal agents of fungistasis, with their action mediated either by available carbon limitation (nutrient deprivation hypothesis) or production of antifungal compounds (antibiosis hypothesis). to obtain evidence for either of these hypotheses, we measured soil respiration and microbial numbers (as indicators of nutrient stress) a ...	2003	12571002
natural fungicides from ruta graveolens l. leaves, including a new quinolone alkaloid.	bioassay-directed isolation of antifungal compounds from an ethyl acetate extract of ruta graveolens leaves yielded two furanocoumarins, one quinoline alkaloid, and four quinolone alkaloids, including a novel compound, 1-methyl-2-[6'-(3' ',4' '-methylenedioxyphenyl)hexyl]-4-quinolone. the (1)h and (13)c nmr assignments of the new compound are reported. antifungal activities of the isolated compounds, together with 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, and 7-methoxycoumarin, which are known to oc ...	2003	12568545
isolation of a large thaumatin-like antifungal protein from seeds of the kweilin chestnut castanopsis chinensis.	a protein with an n-terminal sequence showing a much lesser extent of homology than french bean and kiwi fruit thaumatin-like proteins (tlps) to other tlps, and possessing a molecular mass of 30 kda which is considerably higher than those of previously reported tlps, has been purified from the seeds of the chestnut castanopsis chinensis hance. the protein was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose in 10 mm tris-hcl buffer (ph 7.3), and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel in the same buffer, on cm-cellulose in 1 ...	2003	12565869
characterization of the surface hydrophobicity of filamentous fungi.	a method for the quantitative analysis of the hydrophobicity of the mycelial mat of filamentous fungi based on contact angle measurements is presented. it was tested for a range of fungi belonging to the classes of basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and deuteromycetes. the measured contact angles of the mycelial mats ranged between hydrophilic (<30 degrees) for the deuteromycetes fusarium oxysporum fo47 gus1 and trichoderma harzianum p1[pzega1] and hydrophobic (>60 degrees) for the ascomycete cladospor ...	2003	12558591
[allelopathic potential of volatile oil from mikania micrantha].	mikania micrantha, an exotic plant species, is an important weed in south china. the volatile oil of the weed species had significant biological activities on plants and their pathogens, particularly pyricularia grisea. the results showed that the seeding growth of 6 plant species decreased obviously when exposed to increasing concentration (200, 400, 800, 1600 mg.l-1) of the volatile oil. the fresh weight of all test plants decreased, and the emergence of all test plants delayed for 1-2 days un ...	2002	12557680
effect of fusaric acid and phytoanticipins on growth of rhizobacteria and fusarium oxysporum.	suppression of soilborne diseases by biocontrol agents involves complex interactions among biocontrol agents and the pathogen and between these microorganisms and the plant. in general, these interactions are not well characterized. in this work, we studied (i) the diversity among strains of fluorescent pseudomonas spp., bacillus spp., and paenibacillus sp. for their sensitivity to fusaric acid (fac) and phytoanticipins from different host plants, (ii) the diversity of pathogenic and nonpathogen ...	2002	12556125
[preparation of immobilized penicillin v acylase from fusarium oxysporum and its properties].	extracellular penicillin v acylase from fusarium oxysporum fp941 was partially purified by means of adsorption on, and elution from gamma-alumina and (hn4)2so4 fractional precipitation. the enzyme was immobilized on acrylic polymer support linkaged with covalent bond. the activity of wet immobilized enzyme was 217 iu/g, the activity yield of immobilized enzyme was 53%. optimum ph and temperature for immobilized enzyme action wer 8.0 and 55 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme was stable below 50 ...	1999	12555562
[purification and characterization of antifungal peptide lp-1].	an antifungal peptide lp-1 from bacillus subtilis tg26 strain was purified by acid precipitation, acetone precipitation and hi-pore reversed phase column chromatography. the molecular weight of lp-1 is 1057.3 d as determined by maldi-tof mass spectrometry, and its pi is 4.75 by pag-ief. it was also found to be thermostable. its antifungal spectrum showed that lp-1 has strong inhibitory activity against many plant pathogenic fungi, such as pythium aphanidermatum, gibberella zeae, alternaria longi ...	1999	12555526
the antifungal protein from aspergillus giganteus causes membrane permeabilization.	we investigated the inhibitory effects of the antifungal protein (afp) from aspergillus giganteus on the growth of several filamentous fungi. for this purpose, the mics of afp were determined and ranged from 0.1 micro g/ml for fusarium oxysporum to 200 micro g/ml for aspergillus nidulans. the antifungal activity of afp was diminished in the presence of cations. we were able to show that incubation of afp-sensitive fungi with the protein resulted in membrane permeabilization using an assay based ...	2003	12543664
characterization of the antigenic determinant on fusarium oxysporum recognized by a genus-specific monoclonal antibody.	the antigenic determinant of a monoclonal antibody (mab) (api9-2) having specific reactivity with the fungi grouped into the genus fusarium was analyzed. the culture supernatant of the fungi showed antigenicity against mab api9-2, proving that the antigen exists as an exoantigen. the heat-resistant, proteinase k-resistant and periodate oxidation-labile features of the antigenic determinant indicated its carbohydrate nature. also, lectin affinity tests and thin-layer chromatography analysis sugge ...	1998	12501292
class v chitin synthase determines pathogenesis in the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum and mediates resistance to plant defence compounds.	chitin, a beta-1,4-linked polysaccharide of n-acetylglucosamine, is a major structural component of fungal cell walls. fungi have multiple classes of chitin synthases that catalyse n-acetylglucosamine polymerization. here, we demonstrate the requirement for a class v chitin synthase during host infection by the vascular wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum. the chsv gene was identified in an insertional mutagenesis screen for pathogenicity mutants. chsv has a putative myosin motor and a chitin synth ...	2003	12492869
infection of tubercles of the parasitic weed orobanche aegyptiaca by mycoherbicidal fusarium species.	progression of the infection by host-specific strains of fusarium oxysporum and fusarium arthrosporioides of orobanche aegyptiaca (egyptian broomrape) tubercles attached to tomato roots was tracked using light, confocal and electron microscopy. mycelia transformed with the gene for green fluorescent protein were viewed using a confocal microscope. fungal penetration was preceded by a rapid loss of starch, with approx. 10 % remaining at 9 h and no measurable starch at 24 h. penetration into the o ...	2002	12466097
development of a selective myclobutanil agar (mba) medium for the isolation of fusarium species from asparagus fields.	a new selective myclobutanil agar medium for the detection of fusarium, species is proposed. ten media formulations based on various selective agents (pentachloronitrobenzene (pcnb), rose bengal, malachite green, sodium hypochlorite, captan, benomyl, chlorotalonil, myclobutanil, thiram, and cupric sulfate) were compared. first, mycelium growth and colony appearance of alternaria alternata, aspergillus flavus, cladosporium cladosporioides, epicoccum nigrum, fusarium sp., fuisarium solani, fusariu ...	2002	12455616
pananotin, a potent antifungal protein from roots of the traditional chinese medicinal herb panax notoginseng.	the roots of the sanchi ginseng, panax notoginseng, were extracted with an aqueous buffer. the extract was chromatographed on a cm-cellulose column to remove extraneous unadsorbed proteins. the adsorbed fraction was dialyzed and chromatographed on affi-gel blue gel. the adsorbed fraction was again collected, dialyzed and applied on a column of mono s. the second peak was dialyzed and chromatographed on an fplc-gel filtration superdex 75 column. an antifungal protein with an n-terminal sequence s ...	2002	12451495
pyrrolizidine alkaloids from senecio jacobaea affect fungal growth.	we investigated the growth-reducing effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pas) from senecio jacobaea on nine plant-associated fungi (five strains of fusarium oxysporum, two of f. sambucinum, and two of trichoderma sp). fungal growth was monitored on water agar media containing different concentrations of monocrotaline, retrorsine, or a purified extract of pas from s. jacobaea. the growth rate of six strains was inhibited by pas at the highest test concentration (3.33 mm), with the magnitude of the ...	2002	12449504
ethylene insensitivity impairs resistance to soilborne pathogens in tobacco and arabidopsis thaliana.	transgenic ethylene-insensitive tobacco (tetr) plants spontaneously develop symptoms of wilting and stem necrosis when grown in nonautoclaved soil. fusarium oxysporum, f. solani, thielaviopsis basicola, rhizopus stolonifer, and two pythium spp. were isolated from these diseased tetr plants and demonstrated to be causal agents of the disease symptoms. pathogenicity of the two pythium isolates and four additional pythium spp. was tested on ethylene-insensitive tobacco and arabidopsis seedlings. in ...	2002	12437306
genetic exchange of avirulence determinants and extensive karyotype rearrangements in parasexual recombinants of fusarium oxysporum.	in order to genetically map and eventually isolate avirulence genes, parasexual crosses between different races of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici were performed by means of protoplast fusion. two wild-type strains, race 1 fol004 (a1a2a3) and race 3 fol029 (a1a2a3), were transformed with phleomycin and hygromycin resistance genes, respectively. in total 32 fusion products were selected by screening for the presence of both marker genes. the presence of either avirulence gene a1 or a3 in th ...	2002	12436252
ph modulation of zopfiellin antifungal activity to colletotrichum and botrytis.	zopfiellin, a novel cyclooctanoid natural product isolated from zopfiella curvata no. 37-3, was evaluated in a 96-well microtiter assay for fungicidal activity against botrytis cinerea, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum fragariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and fusarium oxysporum. zopfiellin exhibited ph-dependent activity, with the most mycelial growth inhibition demonstrated at ph 5.0. mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies indicated that zopfiellin un ...	2002	12428951
isozyme analysis and soluble mycelial protein pattern in irania isolates of fusarium oxysporum.		2001	12425041
pythium oligandrum in the control of fusarium rot on some bulbous plants.	pythium oligandrum was applied as tulip bulbs or gladiolus corms soak prior or after inoculation with formae speciales fusarium oxysporum. the mycoparasite used before inoculation with pathogen suppressed the development of fusarium rot. this effect was not observed, however, when p. oligandrum was used 24 hr after bulb inoculation. soaking of forced tulip bulbs in oospore suspension of p. oligandrum may reduce fusarium rot spread and increase number of flowers, but at conc. 2.5 x 10(3)-10(4)/cm ...	2001	12425035
damping-off in conifer seedling nurseries in noshahr and kelardasht.	to study the damping-off of conifer seedlings, we have collected samples from the roots of conifer seedlings (pinus nigra, picea excelsa, abieces spp, cupressus arizonica, cupressus sempervirens) from nurseries in the south of iran (noshahr and kelardasht). after disinfecting the samples, we have used standard media like pda, ma and cla. the following fungi were identified: fusarium solani, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium sambucinum, clamydosporium, rhizoctonia solani, cylindrocarpon spp., alternar ...	2001	12425024
the tomato r gene products i-2 and mi-1 are functional atp binding proteins with atpase activity.	most plant disease resistance (r) genes known today encode proteins with a central nucleotide binding site (nbs) and a c-terminal leu-rich repeat (lrr) domain. the nbs contains three atp/gtp binding motifs known as the kinase-1a or p-loop, kinase-2, and kinase-3a motifs. in this article, we show that the nbs of r proteins forms a functional nucleotide binding pocket. the n-terminal halves of two tomato r proteins, i-2 conferring resistance to fusarium oxysporum and mi-1 conferring resistance to ...	2002	12417711
expression of a phytophthora sojae necrosis-inducing protein occurs during transition from biotrophy to necrotrophy.	phytophthora sojae is an oomycete that causes stem and root rot on soybean plants. to discover pathogen factors that produce disease symptoms or activate plant defense responses, we identified putative secretory proteins from expressed sequence tags (ests) and tested selected candidates using a heterologous expression assay. from an analysis of 3035 ests originating from mycelium, zoospore, and infected soybean tissues, we identified 176 putative secreted proteins. a total of 16 different cdnas ...	2002	12410814
genomic location of the fw gene for resistance to fusarium wilt race 1 in peas.	resistance to fusarium wilt in peas (pisumsativum l.) caused by fusarium oxysporum schlect. f. sp. pisi race 1 (van hall) snyd. & hans. is conferred by a single dominant gene, fw. the gene was located in the pea genome by analyzing progenies from crosses involving genetic markers across all pea linkage groups. phenotyping of the progenies for reaction to race 1 of the fusarium wilt pathogen was determined by field screening in a "wilt-sick" plot in pullman, washington. fw was shown to be located ...	2002	12407219
pathogenesis of streptoverticillium albireticuli on caenorhabditis elegans and its antagonism to soil-borne fungal pathogens.	to examine the biological activity of streptoverticillium albireticuli.	2002	12390481
mass spectrometric identification of isoforms of pr proteins in xylem sap of fungus-infected tomato.	the protein content of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) xylem sap was found to change dramatically upon infection with the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum. peptide mass fingerprinting and mass spectrometric sequencing were used to identify the most abundant proteins appearing during compatible or incompatible interactions. a new member of the pr-5 family was identified that accumulated early in both types of interaction. other pathogenesis-related proteins appeared in compatible interact ...	2002	12376655
enzyme mediated extracellular synthesis of cds nanoparticles by the fungus, fusarium oxysporum.	the biosynthesis of q-state cds nanoparticles by reaction of aqueous cdso4 solution with the fungus, fusarium oxysporum, is demonstrated. nanoparticle formation proceeds by release of sulfate reductase enzymes by the fungus, conversion of sulfate ions to sulfide ions that subsequently react with aqueous cd2+ ions to yield highly stable cds nanoparticles. elucidation of an enzymatic pathway using fungi opens up the exciting possibility of developing a rational, biosynthesis strategy for nanomater ...	2002	12371846
microwave induced diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[indole-oxiranes] and their conversion to spiro[indole-pyrazoles].	the microwave induced diastereoselective synthesis of spiro[3h-indole-3,2'-oxiranes]-3'-benzoyl-2 (1h)-one is reported. epoxidation of 3-aroylmethylene indole-2-one 1 with alkaline h2o2 under microwave irradiation in an open vessel under controlled conditions yields a diastereomeric pair of spiro[3h-indole-3,2'-oxiranes]-3'-benzoyl-2 (1h) ones 2 and 3 in 65-85% yield. the stereoselectivity depends upon the reaction time and power output. the spiro[indole-pyrazoles] 4 have been synthesised by the ...	2002	12369445
[new antifungal antibiotics, bacillopeptins and fusaricidins].	we isolated four strains of bacteria producing antifungal antibiotics from the rhizosphere of garlic with basal rot caused by the plant pathogenic fungal strain fusarium oxysporum. among them, bacillus subtilis fr-2 was found to produce new antifungal antibiotics, named bacillopeptins a, b, and c. their structures have been determined by 1d and 2d nmr and ms experiments, and amino acid analysis coupled with chiral hplc, to be cyclic lipopeptides each containing a long-chain beta-amino acid. anot ...	2002	12235857
targeted disruption of a g protein alpha subunit gene results in reduced pathogenicity in fusarium oxysporum.	the cloning of fga1, the gene encoding a g protein alpha subunit, was performed by standard pcr techniques and by screening a fusarium oxysporum genomic library, using the pcr product as a probe. the full-length open reading frame spanned 1,059 nucleotides and the deduced primary structure of the protein (353 amino acid residues) showed high identity to those of g protein alpha(i) family proteins from other filamentous fungi. disruption of fga1 had no effect on vegetative growth, but reduced the ...	2002	12228810
effects of root-dip treatment with certain phosphate solubilizing microorganisms on the fusarial wilt of tomato.	root-dip application of bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens, aspergillus awamori, aspergillus niger and penicillium digitatum resulted in significant decline in the rhizosphere population of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. a significant decrease in the severity of wilt occurred with a. awamori (37.1%) and p. digitatum (21.3%) compared to the control. root-dip treatment with the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms tested resulted in significant increase in the yield of tomato, bei ...	2002	12227549
induction of defense-related ultrastructural modifications in pea root tissues inoculated with endophytic bacteria.	the stimulation exerted by the endophytic bacterium bacillus pumilus strain se34 in plant defense reactions was investigated at the ultrastructural level using an in vitro system in which root-inducing t-dna pea (pisum sativum l.) roots were infected with the pea root-rotting fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi. in nonbacterized roots, the pathogen multiplied abundantly through much of the tissue including the vascular stele, whereas in prebacterized roots, pathogen growth was restricted to th ...	1996	12226427
survival of the rhizosphere-competent biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens nbri2650 in the soil and phytosphere.	pseudomonas fluorescens nbri2650 was isolated after screening 360 bacterial strains from the rhizosphere of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) grown in fungal-disease-suppressive field soil. the strain was selected because of its high rhizosphere competence and ability to inhibit the growth of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri, rhizoctonia bataticola, and pythium sp. under in vitro conditions. survival and colonization of nbri2650 in the phytosphere of chickpea, cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), cucumber ...	2002	12224558
[allelopathic effect of root exudates on pathogenic fungi of root rot in continuous cropping soybean].	allelopathic effect of root exudates on pathogenic fungi of root rot in continuous cropping soybean was studied by sand culture, water culture, and indoor culture experiments. the results showed that allelopathic promotion of root exudates on the growth of fusarium semitectum, gliocladium roseum and fusarium oxysporum, especially fusarium semitectum reached significant level or especially significant level in continuous cropping soybean compared with the control. allelopathic promotion of root e ...	2002	12216402
vibrational, 1h-nmr spectroscopic, and thermal characterization of gladiolus root exudates in relation to fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli resistance.	fourier transform raman (ft raman) and ir (ftir) and (1)h-nmr spectroscopies coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) were applied to the characterization of root exudates from two cultivars of gladiolus (spic span and white prosperity) with different degrees of resistance and susceptibility to fusarium oxysporum gladioli, the main pathogen of gladiolus. this work was aimed at correlating the composition of root exudates with the varietal resistance to the pathogen. spectroscopic ana ...	2002	12209451
enhanced degradation of an endocrine-disrupting chemical, butyl benzyl phthalate, by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi cutinase.	compared to yeast esterase, fungal cutinase degraded butyl benzyl phthalate (bbp) far more efficiently; i.e., almost 60% of the bbp disappeared within 7.5 h. also, the final chemical composition significantly depended on the enzyme used. toxicity monitoring using bioluminescent bacteria showed that butyl methyl phthalate, a major product of degradation by esterase, was an oxidative toxic hazard.	2002	12200333
plant colonization by the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum requires fow1, a gene encoding a mitochondrial protein.	the soil-borne fungus fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilts of a wide variety of plant species by directly penetrating roots and colonizing the vascular tissue. the pathogenicity mutant b60 of the melon wilt pathogen f. oxysporum f. sp. melonis was isolated previously by restriction enzyme-mediated dna integration mutagenesis. molecular analysis of b60 identified the affected gene, designated fow1, which encodes a protein with strong similarity to mitochondrial carrier proteins of yeast. alth ...	2002	12172028
analysis of phylogenetic relationship of cylindrocarpon lichenicola and acremonium falciforme to the fusarium solani species complex and a review of similarities in the spectrum of opportunistic infections caused by these fungi.	an emerging pattern of similarity in medical case reports led to a project to compare the phylogenetic affinities of two well-known tropical fungal opportunistic pathogens, cylindrocarpon lichenicola and acremonium falciforme, to members of the fusarium solani species complex. c. lichenicola and a. falciforme, despite their deviating conidial morphologies, were shown via sequencing of the ribosomal large subunit to be well instituted within a clade mainly consisting of typical f. solani strains ...	2002	12149344
ability of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum strain fo47 to induce resistance against pythium ultimum infection in cucumber.	the influence exerted by nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum strain fo47 in triggering cucumber protection against infection by pythium ultimum was investigated ultrastructurally. macroscopic and microscopic observations of the pathogen colony in dual cultures revealed that reduction of pythium growth was associated with marked disorders, including generalized disorganization of the host cytoplasm, retraction of the plasmalemma, and complete loss of the protoplasm. cytochemical labeling of cellulos ...	2002	12147506
isolation of a novel peroxidase from french bean legumes and first demonstration of antifungal activity of a non-milk peroxidase.	a novel antifungal protein with its n-terminal sequence bearing similarity to the c-terminal sequences of peroxidases was isolated from french bean legumes. the protein, which possessed a molecular weight of 37 kda, was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose. the protein exhibited peroxidase activity with a km of 58 microm and a vmax of 3.36 u/nmol. optimal peroxidase activity was found at 22 degrees c and ph 4. it exerted antifungal activity against a variety of fungal species including ...	2002	12137913
ascalin, a new anti-fungal peptide with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase-inhibiting activity from shallot bulbs.	an isolation procedure comprising ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and gel filtration on superdex 75 was used to isolate an anti-fungal peptide from the bulbs of the shallot allium ascalonicum. the peptide demonstrated a molecular weight of 9.5kda, and possessed an n-terminal sequence yqcgqgg somewhat similar to chitinases from other allium species which are however much larger in molecular we ...	2002	12126728
isolation and characterization of luffacylin, a ribosome inactivating peptide with anti-fungal activity from sponge gourd (luffa cylindrica) seeds.	a purification scheme involving ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose and mono s was employed to isolate a peptide with a molecular weight of 7.8kda from sponge gourd seeds. the peptide, which was designated luffacylin, exhibited an n-terminal sequence with pronounced resemblance to that of the 6.5kda arginine-glutamate rich polypeptide previously isolated from sponge gourd seeds. luffacylin in ...	2002	12126727
diversity of antifungal actinomycetes in various vegetative soils of korea.	diversity of actinomycetes and their antifungal activities against some plant pathogenic fungi were examined in various vegetative soils from 14 different sites in the western part of korea. actinomycete counts ranged from 1.17 x 10(6) to 4.20 x 10(6) cfu x g(-1) dried soil. a total of 1510 actinomycetes were isolated from the soil samples. streptomyces was predominant in soils with a ph range of 5.1-6.5, 9.1-13.0% moisture, and 9.1-11.0% organic matter. most micromonospora, dactylosporangium, a ...	2002	12109880
demonstration of antifungal and anti-human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase activities of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone and antibacterial activity of the pineal indole 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid.	6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-mboa), a naturally occurring progonadal compound present in grasses with structural resemblance to melatonin, was tested for antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani and coprinus comatus. a variety of pineal products was also examined for the sake of comparison, including 5-methoxytryptamine, melatonin, 5-methoxytryptophol, 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid and 5-hydroxytryptophol. the assay for antifungal activity was car ...	2002	12106902
the b' helix determines cytochrome p450nor specificity for the electron donors nadh and nadph.	nitric oxide reductase (nor) cytochrome p450nor (p450nor) is unique because it is catalytically self-sufficient, receiving electrons directly from nadh or nadph. however, little is known about the direct binding of nadh to cytochrome. here, we report that oxidized pyridine nucleotides (nad(+) and nadp(+)) and an analogue induce a spectral perturbation in bound heme when mixed with p450nor. the p450nor isoforms are classified according to electron donor specificity for nadh or nadph. one type (fn ...	2002	12105197
a new antifungal peptide from rice beans.	a peptide, possessing a molecular mass of 5 kda and demonstrating remarkable sequence homology to the cowpea 10 kda protein precursor and garden pea disease resistance response protein, was isolated from rice bean seeds. the peptide was adsorbed on cm-sepharose and affi-gel blue gel. it inhibited mycelial growth in the fungi botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, rhizoctonia solani and mycosphaerella arachidicola. it stimulated incorporation of methyl [3h] thymidine into mouse splenocytes, inhibi ...	2002	12102720
immunoglobulin g antibodies against indoor dampness-related microbes and adult-onset asthma: a population-based incident case-control study.	immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies against microbes related to indoor dampness problems have been used as potential biomarkers of fungal exposure in clinical investigations. there is limited information on their relation to asthma. we conducted a population-based incident case-control study to assess the risk of asthma in relation to specific igg antibodies to eight dampness-related microbes: aspergillus fumigatus, a. versicolor, cladosporium cladosporioides, fusarium oxysporum, sporobolomyces sa ...	2002	12100029
transcriptional control of nitric oxide reductase gene (cyp55) in the fungal denitrifier fusarium oxysporum.	fungal denitrification is a dissimilating metabolic mechanism for nitrate and was first described in fusarium oxysporum. here we investigated regulatory systems of expression of cyp55, which encodes cytochrome p450 (p450nor) and is essential for the fungal denitrification. promoter-reporter analysis of f. oxysporum cyp55 using escherichia coli beta-galactosidase showed that the region between nucleotides -526 and -515 was critical for induction by nitrate. it contained a nucleotide sequence simi ...	2002	12092813
cicerin and arietin, novel chickpea peptides with different antifungal potencies.	two antifungal peptides with novel n-terminal sequences, designated cicerin and arietin were isolated from seeds of the chickpea (cicer arietinum), respectively. both peptides were adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and cm-sepharose and exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 8.2 and 5.6 kda, respectively. arietin was more strongly adsorbed on cm-sepharose than cicerin and manifested a higher translation-inhibiting activity in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and a higher antifungal potency ...	2002	12084511
resistance of polish lines and hybrids of watermelon [citrullus lanatus (thunb.) matsum et nakai] to fusarium oxysporum at the seedling stage.	watermelon is a species cultivated in the hot climate or in the greenhouse. since recently it has also started to be grown in the open in the polish climate. this species is frequently at risk of fusarium oxysporum infection. between 1996 and 1997 ten inbred lines and nine hybrids of polish origin were tested for resistance to this pathogen. the test was conducted with the use of four isolates of f. oxysporum: three from polish infected plants (formae speciales not determined), while the fourth ...	2002	12080172
gibberellin and auxin-indole production by plant root-fungi and their biosynthesis under salinity-calcium interaction.	rhizosphere and rhizoplane of fababean (vicia faba), melochia (corchorus olitorius), sesame (sesamum indicum) and soyabean (glycine max) plants are inhabited with fungi, mostly aspergillus flavus, a. niger, fusarium oxysporum, penicillium corylophilum, p. cyclopium, p. funiculosum and rhizopus stolonifer. all fungal species have the ability to produce gibberellin (ga) but f. oxysporum was found to produce both ga and indole-acetic acid (iaa). the optimum period for ga and iaa production by f. ox ...	2002	12073817
cay-i, a fungicidal saponin from capsicum sp. fruit.	saponins are steroidal or terpenoid-based glycosides with surface active properties. a steroidal saponin, cay-1, with a molecular weight of 1243.35 da, was isolated and purified to homogeneity from commercially available dry, ground fruit of capsicum frutescens. cay-1 was shown to be a potent fungicide for the germinating conidia of aspergillus flavus, a. fumigatus, a. parasiticus and a. niger with species-dependent ld90 values between 3 and 20 microm. activity against some aspergillus species w ...	2002	12058725
purification and characterization of aavp, a protein inhibitor of tmv infection, from the edible fungus, agrocybe aegerita.	a protein with activity of inhibiting tmv infection on nicotiana glutinosa, named aavp, was isolated and purified from the fruiting bodies of edible fungus agrocybe aegerita by precipitation of 40%--80% saturation of (nh(4))(2)so(4) followed by deae-fast flow and s-200 column chromatography. the protein was proved to be homogeneous by sds-page and ief. analysis of the composition of amino acids showed that this protein contained no cysteine, poor in methionine and phenylalanine and rich in acidi ...	2001	12050799
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-promoted accumulation of two new triterpenoids in cucumber roots.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots were analyzed by hplc and tlc for their levels of secondary metabolites upon inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, glomus caledonium. three compounds in etoac extracts from the mycorrhizal roots showed significant increases six weeks after inoculation. these compounds were isolated by column chromatography and determined to be two novel triterpenes, 2beta-hydroxybryonolic acid (2beta,3beta-dihydroxy-d:c-friedoolean-8-en-29-oic acid) and 3beta-bry ...	2002	12036048
antagonistic effects of streptomyces violaceusniger strain g10 on fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense race 4: indirect evidence for the role of antibiosis in the antagonistic process.	fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense is the causal pathogen of wilt disease of banana. a cost-effective measure of control for this disease is still not available. streptomyces violaceusniger strain g10 acts as an antifungal agent antagonistic towards many different phytopathogenic fungi, including different pathogenic races of the fusarium wilt pathogen. in an attempt to understand the mode of action of this antagonist in nature, the interaction between s. violaceusniger strain g10 and f. oxysporum ...	2002	12032802
in vitro evaluation on inhibitory nature of some neem formulations against plant pathogenic fungi.	different neem formulations derived from the neem tree (azadirachta indica) have been found to be potential fungicides against a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. some neem formulations viz. achook (0.15% ec), bioneem (0.03% ec), nimbecidine (0.03% ec) and neemark (0.03% ec) were examined against some plant pathogenic fungi such as (fusarium oxysporum, alternaria solani, curvularia lunata, helminthosporium sp. and sclerotium rolfsii). among these achook (0.15% ec) was found to be more ac ...	1999	12024976
keratomycosis due to fusarium oxysporum--a case report.	a 30 year old muslim housewife presented with foreign body sensation to start with and later noticed white patch in the left eye with blurred vision since 3 days. koh preparation of corneal scrapings revealed fungal elements. culture isolate is identified as fusarium oxysporum by standard methods. fusarium oxysporum causing keratomycosis is reported for its rarity.	2001	12024926
abscisic acid- and cold-induced thaumatin-like protein in winter wheat has an antifungal activity against snow mould, microdochium nivale.	cold acclimation of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings induces accumulation in the apoplast of tatlps that are similar to thaumatin-like proteins (tlps), which are pathogenesis-related proteins. we characterized a cdna of was-3a encoding the major isoform of tatlps from winter wheat cells and showed that was-3a transcripts were markedly increased by treatment with aba and by treatment with elicitors (chitosan, beta-glucan and cell wall fractions of fusarium oxysporum and microdochium ...	2002	12010473
antimycotic activities of selected plant flora, growing wild in lebanon, against phytopathogenic fungi.	petroleum ether (pe) and methanolic extracts of nine wild plant species were tested in vitro for their antimycotic activity against eight phytopathogenic fungi. the efficacy of pe extracts against all pathogens tested was higher than that of methanolic extracts. wild marjoram (origanum syriacum) pe extract showed the highest and widest range of activity. it resulted in complete inhibition of mycelial growth of six of eight fungi tested and also gave nearly complete inhibition of spore germinatio ...	2002	12009988
extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus fusarium oxysporum.		2002	12007181
occurrence of keratinophilic fungi and dermatophytes on domestic birds in nigeria.	feathers, nails and beaks of one hundred and twenty common birds in nigeria, chicken [50], ducks [20], turkeys [15] and pigeons [35], were examined using the soil plate technique for their mycoflora. 15 species of fungi were recovered and they belong to the genera chrysosporium, trichophyton, microsporum, aspergillus, fusarium, mucor rhizopus, penicillium and trichoderma. microsporum gypseum was the species most frequently isolated (35% of the samples). the most common genus was chrysosporium an ...	2002	12000131
kinetic analysis of hydroxylation of saturated fatty acids by recombinant p450foxy produced by an escherichia coli expression system.	cytochrome p450foxy (p450foxy, cyp505) is a fused protein of cytochrome p450 (p450) and its reductase isolated from the fungus fusarium oxysporum, which catalyzes the subterminal (omega-1 approximately omega-3) hydroxylation of fatty acids. here, we produced, purified and characterized a fused recombinant protein (rp450foxy) using the escherichia coli expression system. purified rp450foxy was catalytically and spectrally indistinguishable from the native protein, but most of the rp450foxy was re ...	2002	11985584
complete dna sequence and analysis of a mitochondrial plasmid in the mycoparasitic trichoderma harzianum strain t95.	a circular plasmid called pthr1, with a monomer size of 2.6 kb, was identified in the mitochondria of a trichoderma harzianum isolate. hybridization studies using cloned plasmids revealed no dna sequence similarity between the plasmid and the mitochondrial genome of the isolate. the complete sequence of the plasmid was determined, and the sequence analysis revealed that it contained a single long open reading frame of 1818 bp. sequence comparisons indicated that the derived amino acid sequence o ...	2002	11982336
antifungal efficacy of bacteria isolated from marine sedentary organisms.	the antibiotic-producing ability of 57 bacteria isolated from 8 marine sedentary organisms, 6 sponges (spirastrella sp., phyllospongia sp., ircinia sp., aaptos sp., azorica sp., axinella sp.), 1 soft coral (lobophytum sp.) and 1 alga (sargassum sp.), was evaluated against 6 phytopathogenic fungi (helminthosporium oryzae, rhizoctonium solani, pyricularia oryzae, fusarium oxysporum, aspergillus oryzae and a. fumigatus). bacteria of the genus bacillus (20%), pseudomonas (33%) and flavobacterium (40 ...	2002	11980270
identification of novel hexapeptides bioactive against phytopathogenic fungi through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library.	the purpose of the present study was to improve the antifungal activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi of the previously identified hexapeptide paf19. we describe some properties of a set of novel synthetic hexapeptides whose d-amino acid sequences were obtained through screening of a synthetic peptide combinatorial library in a positional scanning format. as a result of the screening, 12 putative bioactive peptides were identified, synthesized, and assayed. the peptides paf26 (ac-rkkwfw ...	2002	11976121
fusaric acid-producing strains of fusarium oxysporum alter 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthetic gene expression in pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 in vitro and in the rhizosphere of wheat.	the phytotoxic pathogenicity factor fusaric acid (fa) represses the production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (dapg), a key factor in the antimicrobial activity of the biocontrol strain pseudomonas fluorescens cha0. fa production by 12 fusarium oxysporum strains varied substantially. we measured the effect of fa production on expression of the phlacbde biosynthetic operon of strain cha0 in culture media and in the wheat rhizosphere by using a translational phla'-'lacz fusion. only fa-producing f. ...	2002	11976092
potential of a novel antibiotic, 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate, as a biocontrol agent against fusarial wilt of crucifers.	screening for newer bioactive compounds from microbial metabolites resulted in the isolation of a novel antibiotic from the culture filtrate, streptomyces sp 201, of a soil. the bioactive compound, with antifungal and antibacterial activity, was identified as 2-methylheptyl isonicotinate. the antifungal activity of live culture, culture broth and the isolated bioactive compound showed marked inhibition against dominant soil-borne phytopathogens such as fusarium oxysporum schlect, f moniliforme s ...	2002	11975177
fusarium infections of the skin.	fusarium species are ubiquitous and may be found in the soil, air and on plants. fusarium species can cause mycotoxicosis in humans following ingestion of food that has been colonized by the fungal organism. in humans, fusarium species can also cause disease that is localized, focally invasive or disseminated. the pathogen generally affects immunocompromised individuals with infection of immunocompetent persons being rarely reported. localized infection includes septic arthritis, endophthalmitis ...	2000	11964778
a tobacco s-like rnase inhibits hyphal elongation of plant pathogens.	ribonuclease (rnase) ne gene expression is induced in tobacco leaves in response to phytophthora parasitica. using antibodies directed against rnase ne, we demonstrate that rnase ne is extracellular at the early steps of the interaction, while the fungal tip growth is initiated in the apoplastic compartment. after production in pichia pastoris and biochemical purification, we show that the s-like rnase ne inhibits hyphal growth from p. parasitica zoospores and from fusarium oxysporum conidia in ...	2002	11952127
metabolizable and non-metabolizable sugars activate different signal transduction pathways in tomato.	to gain insight into the regulatory mechanisms of sugar signaling in plants, the effect of derivatives of the transport sugar sucrose (suc), the suc isomers palatinose and turanose, and the suc analog fluoro-suc were tested. photo-autotrophic suspension culture cells of tomato (lycopersicon peruvianum) were used to study their effect on the regulation of marker genes of source and sink metabolism, photosynthesis, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks). suc and glucose (g ...	2002	11950996
ocatin. a novel tuber storage protein from the andean tuber crop oca with antibacterial and antifungal activities.	the most abundant soluble tuber protein from the andean crop oca (oxalis tuberosa mol.), named ocatin, has been purified and characterized. ocatin accounts for 40% to 60% of the total soluble oca tuber proteins, has an apparent molecular mass of 18 kd and an isoelectric point of 4.8. this protein appears to be found only in tubers and is accumulated only within the cells of the pith and peridermis layers (peel) of the tuber as it develops. ocatin inhibits the growth of several phytopathogenic ba ...	2002	11950978
spectral shift of ultraweak photon emission from sweet potato during a defense response.	consecutive spectral analyses of ultraweak photon emission from sweet potato showing a defense response were conducted to observe the process of physiological transition. the spectrum showed a drastic transition from 2 to 10 h after inoculation with fusarium oxysporum, during which the emission intensity increased slowly. the spectrum was stable from 10 to 36 h after inoculation, whereas the emission intensity peaked approximately 20 h after inoculation. a change in the physiological state conne ...	2002	11950100
cross reaction between a pan-candida genus probe and fusarium spp. in a fatal case of fusarium oxysporum pneumonia.		2002	11939400
thiourea derivatives and their nickel(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes: antifungal activity.	we have synthesized two thiourea derivatives of methyl anthranilate (1, 2) and their complexes with nickel (3) and platinum(ii) (4). we have also prepared the complexes of nickel(ii) with two benzoylthiourea derivatives (5, 6). the obtained compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic methods (ft-ir, uv-vis, nmr), mass spectrometry and thermal analysis. compound 1, c(20)h(23)n(3)o(2)s, crystallizes in monoclinic space group p21/n, with z=4, and unit cell parameters, a=8.8042 ...	2002	11931966
purification of angularin, a novel antifungal peptide from adzuki beans.	an antifungal peptide was isolated from the adzuki bean with a procedure involving affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and ion exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose. the protein designated angularin was adsorbed on both types of chromatographic media and possessed a molecular weight of 8 kda. angularin exhibited antifungal activity against a variety of fungal species including mycospharella arachidiocola and botrytis cinerea. it inhibited mycelial growth in b. cinerea with an ic50 of ...	2002	11931582
role in pathogenesis of two endo-beta-1,4-xylanase genes from the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum.	a gene, xyl4, whose predicted amino acid sequence shows significant homology with family 11 xylanases, was identified from the tomato vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. expression of xyl4 is induced on oat spelt xylan as the carbon source, subject to carbon catabolite repression and preferentially expressed at alkaline ambient ph. transcript levels of xyl4 on an inducing carbon source are differentially regulated by the nature and concentration of the nitrogen source. as ...	2002	11929211
nitrate reductase-formate dehydrogenase couple involved in the fungal denitrification by fusarium oxysporum.	dissimilatory nitrate reductase (nar) was solubilized and partially purified from the large particle (mitochondrial) fraction of the denitrifying fungus fusarium oxysporum and characterized. many lines of evidence showed that the membrane-bound nar is distinct from the soluble, assimilatory nitrate reductase. further, the spectral and other properties of the fungal nar were similar to those of dissimilatory nars of escherichia coli and denitrifying bacteria, which are comprised of a molybdoprote ...	2002	11926996
aberrant transposition of a tc1-mariner element, impala, in the fungus fusarium oxysporum.	we previously determined that the impalad transposable element of fusarium oxysporum was able to mobilize a non autonomous copy of impala ( niad::imp::hph), inserted in the niad gene encoding nitrate reductase. generally, mobilization results in the recovery of nia(+) revertants at low frequency. in the course of this study, we recovered a transformant that gave rise to nia(+) revertants at a high rate. these revertants displayed atypical phenotypes and showed a niad hybridization pattern differ ...	2002	11919718
evolution of the fot1 transposons in the genus fusarium: discontinuous distribution and epigenetic inactivation.	to understand the evolution of fot1, a member of the pogo family widely dispersed in ascomycetes, we have performed a phylogenetic survey across the genus fusarium divided into six sections. the taxonomic distribution of fot1 is not homogeneous but patchy; it is prevalent in the fusarium oxysporum complex, absent in closely related sections, and found in five species from the most distant section martiella. multiple copies of fot1 were sequenced from each strain in which the element occurs. in t ...	2002	11919292
new nystatin polymeric complexes and their in vitro antifungal evaluation in a model study with fusarium oxysporum.	six water-soluble nystatin-polyvilnylpyrrolidone complexes with respective mw of 10 kda (nc1), 25 kda (nc2), 30 kda (nc3), 40 kda (nc4), 90 kda (nc5), 360 kda (nc6) were synthesized. the activity of the complexes was compared with that of nystatin against growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radiciscucumerinum. the ed50 value (effective dose) of free nystatin in aqueous solution on growth inhibition on solid medium was determined at 35.7 ppm. the ed50 of the complexes nc3, nc ...	2002	11913760
isotope effects and intermediates in the reduction of no by p450(nor).	the mechanism of the heme-thiolate-dependent nadh-no reductase (p450(nor)) from fusarium oxysporum was investigated by kinetic isotope effects including protio, [4s-2h]-, [4r-2h]-, [4,4(2)h(2)]-nadh and stopped-flow measurements. the respective kinetic isotope effects were measured at high no concentrations and were found to be 1.7, 2.3 and 3.8 indicating a rate-limitation at the reduction step and a moderate stereoselectivity in binding of the cofactor nadh. in a different approach the kinetic ...	2002	11897349
novel aspects of tomato root colonization and infection by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis using the green fluorescent protein as a marker.	the fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici is the causal agent of tomato foot and root rot disease. the green fluorescent protein (gfp) was used to mark this fungus in order to visualize and analyze the colonization and infection processes in vivo. transformation of f oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was very efficient and gfp expression was stable for at least nine subcultures. microscopic analysis of the transformants revealed homogeneity of the fluorescent signal, which was ...	2002	11878320
cloning of nitroalkane oxidase from fusarium oxysporum identifies a new member of the acyl-coa dehydrogenase superfamily.	the flavoprotein nitroalkane oxidase (nao) from fusarium oxysporum catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes to the respective aldehydes with production of nitrite and hydrogen peroxide. the sequences of several peptides from the fungal enzyme were used to design oligonucleotides for the isolation of a portion of the nao gene from an f. oxysporum genomic dna preparation. this sequence was used to clone the cdna for nao from an f. oxysporum cdna library. the sequence of the cloned cdna showed that ...	2002	11867731
streptomyces plicatus as a model biocontrol agent.	three hundred and seventy two isolates belonging to the genus streptomyces were isolated and screened for chitinase production. streptomyces plicatus was found to be the best producer. the highest chitinase production were incubated for 3 d at 30 degrees c on buffered culture medium (ph 8.0) containing chitin plus sucrose and calcium nitrate as carbon and nitrogen sources. s. plicatus chitinase had a highly significant inhibitory effect on spore germination, germ tube elongation and radial growt ...	2001	11830942
isolation of cicadin, a novel and potent antifungal peptide from dried juvenile cicadas.	a single-chained antifungal protein with a molecular weight of 6.5 kda and displaying a novel n-terminal sequence was isolated from dried juvenile cicadas which are used in traditional chinese medicine, by using ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose and then gel filtration on a superdex peptide column. the peptide, designated cicadin, exerted potent antifungal activity with ic(50) values at nonomol ...	2002	11814612
molecular characterization of a novel endo-beta-1,4-xylanase gene from the vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum.	a gene, xyl5, was identified from the tomato vascular wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, whose predicted amino acid sequence shows significant homology with family 11 xylanases. expression of xyl5 was detected during growth both on xylan and cellulose substrates as carbon sources and on tomato vascular tissue. rt-pcr analysis revealed the presence of two different transcript sizes, resulting from differential splicing of the third intron. the 3'-untranslated region of the xyl5 tra ...	2001	11795847
developing cryopreservation protocols to secure fungal gene function.	protocols that involve a freezing process are frequently used for the preservation of fungi, but there have been few studies to assess the physiological and genetic stability of isolates after preservation. in this study, the effects of cryopreservation and lyophilisation on the viability, physiology and genetic stability of isolates of metarhizium anisopliae, fusarium oxysporum and serpula lacrymans were examined. it was found that preservation regime influenced the characters of some of the te ...	2001	11788850
biochemical evidence for the activation of distinct subsets of mitogen-activated protein kinases by voltage and defense-related stimuli.	activation of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinases is a common reaction of plant cells in defense-related signal transduction pathways. to gain insight into the mechanisms that determine specificity in response to a particular stimulus, a biochemical approach has been employed. photoautotrophic suspension culture cells of tomato (lycopersicon peruvianum) were used as experimental system to characterize map kinase activation by different stress-related stimuli. an elicitor preparation of the t ...	2002	11788772