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co-immobilization of multiple enzymes by metal coordinated nucleotide hydrogel nanofibers: improved stability and an enzyme cascade for glucose detection.preserving enzyme activity and promoting synergistic activity via co-localization of multiple enzymes are key topics in bionanotechnology, materials science, and analytical chemistry. this study reports a facile method for co-immobilizing multiple enzymes in metal coordinated hydrogel nanofibers. specifically, four types of protein enzymes, including glucose oxidase, candida rugosa lipase, α-amylase, and horseradish peroxidase, were respectively encapsulated in a gel nanofiber made of zn(2+) and ...201626932320
optimization and modeling for the synthesis of sterol esters from deodorizer distillate by lipase-catalyzed esterification.in this paper, cotton seed oil deodorizer distillate (csodd), was recovered to obtain fatty acid sterol ester (fase), which is one of the biological activated substances added as human therapeutic to lower cholesterol. esterification reactions were carried out using candida rugosa lipase (crl) as catalyst, and the conversion of phytosterol was optimized using response surface methodology (rsm). the highest conversion (90.8±0.4%) was reached at 0.84 wt% enzyme load, 1:25 solvent/csodd mass ratio, ...201626757412
zinc oxide nanoparticles supported lipase immobilization for biotransformation in organic solvents: a facile synthesis of geranyl acetate, effect of operative variables and kinetic study.the present study describes grafting of zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine (pei) followed by modification with glutraldehyde used as the bridge for binding the enzyme to support. the prepared nanocomposites were then characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy, utilized for synthesis of geranyl acetate in n-hexane. among all the three prepared nanocomposites (zno + pei, zno + pei + saa, zno + pei ...201626749293
deciphering the toxicity of bisphenol a to candida rugosa lipase through spectrophotometric methods.bisphenol a is widely used in the manufacture of food packaging and beverage containers and can invade our food and cause contamination. candida rugose lipase has been a versatile enzyme for biocatalysis and biotransformations to produce useful materials for food, pharmaceutical and flavor. the interactions between bisphenol a and candida rugosa lipase in vitro were studied by uv-vis, steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism, synchronous fluorescence, light scattering spectra, molecular doc ...201627529468
efficacy of echinocandins against murine infections by diutina (candida) rugosa.echinocandins are recommended as a first-line therapy for invasive candidiasis. candida rugosa was recently transferred to the new genus diutina. we have determined the in vitro killing kinetics of two echinocandins, anidulafungin, and caspofungin and their in vivo efficacy, administering doses of 5 or 10 mg/kg, and 1 or 5 mg/kg, respectively against 2 clinical strains of d. rugosa. both drugs showed a fungicidal concentration-dependent activity and, in a neutropenic murine model of disseminated ...201627342787
design of biocompatible immobilized candida rugosa lipase with potential application in food industry.biocatalysts are a promising alternative for the production of natural flavor compounds. candida rugosa lipase (crl) is a particularly important biocatalyst owing to its remarkable efficiency in both hydrolysis and synthesis. however, additional stabilization is necessary for successful industrial implementation. this study presents an easy and time-saving method for immobilizing this valuable enzyme on hydroxyapatite (hap), a biomaterial with high protein-binding capacity.201626801832
properties, structure, and applications of microbial sterol esterases.according to their substrate preferences, carboxylic ester hydrolases are organized in smaller clusters. among them, sterol esterases (ec 3.1.1.13), also known as cholesterol esterases, act on fatty acid esters of cholesterol and other sterols in aqueous media, and are also able to catalyze synthesis by esterification or transesterification in the presence of organic solvents. mammalian cholesterol esterases are intracellular enzymes that have been extensively studied since they are essential in ...201626743653
production and optimization of biodiesel using mixed immobilized biocatalysts in packed bed reactor.vegetable oils are used as raw materials for biodiesel production using transesterification reaction. several methods for the production of biodiesel were developed using chemical (alkali and acidic compounds) and biological catalysts (lipases). biodiesel production catalyzed by lipases is energy and cost-saving processes and is carried out at normal temperature and pressure. the need for an efficient method for screening larger number of variables has led to the adoption of statistical experime ...201625940482
ultrasonic enhancement of lipase-catalysed transesterification for biodiesel synthesis.the production of biodiesel was carried out from canola oil and methanol catalysed by lipase from candida rugosa under different ultrasonic experimental conditions using horn (20khz) and plate (22, 44, 98 and 300khz) transducers. the effects of experimental conditions such as horn tip diameter, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency and enzyme concentrations on biodiesel yield were investigated. the results showed that the application of ultrasound decreased the reaction time from 22-24h to 1.5h ...201727773250
evolutionary history of versatile-lipases from agaricales through reconstruction of ancestral structures.fungal "versatile carboxylic ester hydrolases" are enzymes with great biotechnological interest. here we carried out a bioinformatic screening to find these proteins in genomes from agaricales, by means of searching for conserved motifs, sequence and phylogenetic analysis, and three-dimensional modeling. moreover, we reconstructed the molecular evolution of these enzymes along the time by inferring and analyzing the sequence of ancestral intermediate forms.201728049436
regio-selective lipase catalyzed hydrolysis of oxanorbornane-based sugar-like amphiphiles at air-water interface: a polarized ft-irras study.interfacial hydrolysis of oxanorbornane-based amphiphile (triol c16) by candida rugosa lipase was investigated using real-time polarized fourier transform-infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (ft-irras). the kinetics of hydrolysis was studied by analyzing the ester carbonyl ν(co) stretching vibration band across the two dimensional (2d) array of molecules at the confined interface. in particular, we demonstrate triol c16 to form michaelis-menten type complex, like that of lipid-substrate ...201728235449
covalent immobilization of lipase onto aminopropyl-functionalized hydroxyapatite-encapsulated-γ-fe2o3 nanoparticles: a magnetic biocatalyst for interesterification of soybean oil.hydroxyapatite-encapsulated γ-fe2o3 nanoparticles were prepared, and lipase from candida rugosa was then covalently bound onto the magnetic materials via covalent linkages. the magnetic carrier and immobilized lipase were characterized by enzyme activity assays, xrd, ft-ir, tem, vsm and n2 adsorption-desorption techniques. results demonstrated that γ-fe2o3 nanoparticles were coated with the hydroxyapatite, and the lipase was indeed tethered to the magnetic carriers without damage to their struct ...201728274449
investigation of deactivation thermodynamics of lipase immobilized on polymeric carrier.in the present work, we have investigated biochemical thermo-kinetic stability of lipases immobilized on a biocompatible polymeric material. immobilization of lipase candida rugosa (crl) was carried out on biocompatible blend of poly vinyl alcohol (pva) and chitosan (chy) support via entrapment and glutardehyde (glu) cross-linking method to produce pva:chy:crl and pva:chy:glu:crl as robust biocatalyst. these immobilized lipases were characterized by various physico-biochemical characterization t ...201728265745
synthesis of medium-chain length capsinoids from coconut oil catalyzed by candida rugosa lipases.a commercial preparation of candida rugosa lipases (crl) was tested for the production of capsinoids by esterification of vanillyl alcohol (va) with free fatty acids (fa) and coconut oil (co) as acyl donors. screening of fa chain length indicated that c8-c12 fa (the most common fa found in co triglycerides) are the best acyl-donors, yielding 80-85% of their specific capsinoids. hence, when co, which is rich in these fa, was used as the substrate, a mixture of capsinoids (vanillyl caprylate, vani ...201727719942
physical and covalent immobilization of lipase onto amine groups bearing thiol-ene photocured coatings.in this study, amine groups containing thiol-ene photocurable coating material for lipase immobilization were prepared. lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from candida rugosa was immobilized onto the photocured coatings by physical adsorption and glutaraldehyde-activated covalent bonding methods, respectively. the catalytic efficiency of the immobilized and free enzymes was determined for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl palmitate and also for the synthesis of p-nitrophenyl linoleate. the storage stability and ...201727704477
co-immobilization of enzymes and magnetic nanoparticles by metal-nucleotide hydrogelnanofibers for improving stability and recycling.in this paper we report a facile method for preparing co-immobilized enzyme and magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) using metal coordinated hydrogel nanofibers. candida rugosa lipase (crl) was selected as guest protein. for good aqueous dispersity, low price and other unique properties, citric acid-modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (ca-fe₃o₄ nps) have been widely used for immobilizing enzymes. as a result, the relative activity of ca-fe₃o₄@zn/amp nanofiber-immobilized crl increased by 8-fold ...201728125003
denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of bacteria from the saliva of twenty four different individuals form clusters that showed no relationship to the yeasts present.the aim was to investigate the relationship between groups of bacteria identified by cluster analysis of the dgge fingerprints and the amounts and diversity of yeast present.201728577425
a reverse micelle strategy for fabricating magnetic lipase-immobilized nanoparticles with robust enzymatic activity.enzyme-immobilized nanoparticles that are both catalysis effective and recyclable would have wide applications ranging from bioengineering and food industry to environmental fields; however, creating such materials has proven extremely challenging. herein, we present a scalable methodology to create candida rugosa lipase-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (l-mnps) by the combination of nonionic reverse micelle method and fe3o4 nanoparticles. our approach causes the naturally abundant and sustain ...201728852219
preparation of glutaraldehyde-treated lipase-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers and their catalytic performance as immobilized enzymes.the use of protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers for the immobilization of enzymes has received a significant degree of attention owing to their capability to retain high enzymatic activity and stability. however, the relative lack of reusability due to the weakness of the flower-like structure has limited their practical applications. herein, we have developed a simple but efficient method to synthesize highly robust enzyme-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers, which relies on further crosslinking of th ...201728756857
preparation of carriers based on zno nanoparticles decorated on graphene oxide (go) nanosheets for efficient immobilization of lipase from candida rugosa.herein, a promising carrier, graphene oxide (go) decorated with zno nanoparticles, denoted as go/zno composite, has been designed and constructed. this carrier was characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. then, candida rugosa lipase (crl) was immobilized onto the go-based materials via physical adsorption. our results indicated that the lipase loading amount on the go/zno composites was about 73.52 mg o ...201728753931
chemoenzymatic synthesis of optically active phenolic 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-ones: a way to access enantioenriched 1,4-dihydropyridine and benzodiazepine derivatives.a chemoenzymatic approach for the synthesis of optically active 4-(3-acetoxyphenyl)-5-(alkoxycarbonyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyridin-2-ones (3,4-dhp-2-ones) and their hydroxyphenyl derivatives has been developed, the key step being a candida rugosa lipase (crl)-catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. as a result, different optically active 3,4-dhp-2-ones have been prepared with very high enantiomeric excesses (ee = 94-99%) and good yields. the enantioenriched 3,4-dhp-2-ones have easily been converted into ...201728590004
synthesis of fibrous and non-fibrous mesoporous silica magnetic yolk-shell microspheres as recyclable supports for immobilization of candida rugosa lipase.the mesoporous yolk-shell nanoparticles (mysns), with a movable fe3o4 core inside the hollow capsules, with two different morphologies (1) fe3o4@sio2@hollow@fibrous sio2 (yolk shell-1) (2) fe3o4@sio2@hollow@mesoporoussio2 (yolk shell-2) were fabricated as carriers for candida rugosa lipase (crl) immobilization, through a template-assistant selectively etching method. firstly the hydrophilic fe3o4 nanoparticles were synthesized according to the solvothermal method. then, sio2 shell was coated on ...201728554384
new heterofunctional supports based on glutaraldehyde-activation: a tool for enzyme immobilization at neutral ph.immobilization is an exciting alternative to improve the stability of enzymatic processes. however, part of the applied covalent strategies for immobilization uses specific conditions, generally alkaline ph, where some enzymes are not stable. here, a new generation of heterofunctional supports with application at neutral ph conditions was proposed. new supports were developed with different bifunctional groups (i.e., hydrophobic or carboxylic/metal) capable of adsorbing biocatalysts at different ...201728788435
development and optimization of a new chemoenzymatic approach for the synthesis of peracetylated lactosamine (intermediate for the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds) monitored by rp- hplc method.purpose: to describe a chemoenzymatic approach joining an enzymatic regioselective hydrolysis of peracetylated n-acetyl-α-d-glucosamine (a) with a mild controlled acyl relocation which resulted 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-1,3,6-tri-o-acetyl-α-d-glucopyranose (1b). methods: immobilization of lipase on decaoctyl (dseod) and octyl-agarose (oscl) was carried out as reported by the work of bastida et al. the newly developed rp-hplc method for examining the enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out isocratically u ...201728761834
comparison of enzymatic hydrolysis in a centrifugal partition chromatograph and stirred tank reactor.recently the centrifugal partition chromatography (cpc) device is investigated as a reactor for biocatalytic reactions, as it enables biocatalyst immobilization without solid support and continuous operation of biphasic reaction systems. however, a detailed determination of the enzymes behavior in the cpc reactor and comparison to a classical stirred tank reactor (str) for biphasic enzyme catalysis is not shown yet. in this study, the performance of an enzymatic biphasic hydrolysis reaction usin ...201728506497
enantioselective resolution of racemic flurbiprofen methyl ester by lipase encapsulated mercapto calix[4]arenes capped fe3o4 nanoparticles.this work presents the synthesis of new mercapto calix[4]arenes derivatives (4 and 5). these derivatives were capped on fe3o4 magnetic nanoparticles and subsequently encapsulated with candida rugosa through sol-gel method to furnish enc-4 and enc-5, respectively, to enhance catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of lipase for hydrolysis reaction of racemic flurbiprofen methyl ester. catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of enc-4 and enc-5 were assayed at different ph and temperature condi ...201728488138
frozen microemulsions for maple immobilization of lipase.candida rugosa lipase (crl) was deposited by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (maple) in order to immobilize the enzyme with a preserved native conformation, which ensures its catalytic functionality. for this purpose, the composition of the maple target was optimized by adding the oil phase pentane to a water solution of the amino acid 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-l-alanine (m-dopa), giving a target formed by a frozen water-lipase-pentane microemulsion. fourier transform infrared (f ...201729206163
effects of triton x-100 and peg on the catalytic properties and thermal stability of lipase from candida rugosa free and immobilized on glyoxyl-agarose.candida rugosa lipase (crl) shows a very low alkaline stability that comprises its immobilization on glyoxyl-agarose, which requires ph above 10. in this way, an adaptation from the original method was used; an enzyme solution at ph 7 was slowly added at a suspension of glyoxyl-agarose prepared in bicarbonate buffer, ph 10. this change of protocol was enough for allowing the preparation of derivatives actives of crl on glyoxyl-agarose and verifying the effect of this modified procedure on the pr ...201729290831
antibacterial activity of free fatty acids from hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil using lipase from candida rugosa.free fatty acids (ffas) were obtained from hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil (vco) by candida rugosa lipase (crl). four factors' influence on hydrolysis degree (hd) was examined. the best hydrolysis conditions in order to get the highest hd value were determined at vco to buffer ratio 1 : 5 (w/w), crl concentration 1.5% (w/w oil), ph 7, and temperature 40°c. after 16 hours' reaction, the hd value achieved 79.64%. ffas and residual hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil (hvco) were isolated from the hydrolysi ...201729259829
production of phytosteryl ester from echium oil in a recirculating packed bed reactor using an immobilized lipase.the synthesis of phytosteryl ester via the lipase-catalyzed esterification of phytosterol with fatty acid from echium oil was performed in a recirculating packed bed reactor. a commercial lipase from candida rugosa was immobilized and then used to optimize the reaction conditions for the synthesis of the phytosteryl ester. the parameters investigated were temperature, molar ratio of phytosterol to fatty acid, retention time, and amount of solvent. the optimum conditions were determined as the te ...201729129897
emerging multidrug-resistant candida species.to describe the epidemiology, strategies for early detection, and clinical management of infections caused by the most commonly found multidrug-resistant (mdr) candida spp.201729095200
pigeons and their droppings as reservoirs of candida and other zoonotic yeasts.the importance of pigeons as reservoirs and carriers of cryptococcus neoformans and other species of this genus is well-known; however, less is known about their role as reservoirs and carriers of other yeasts that impact public health.201728720316
screening of invasive fungal infections by a real-time panfungal (pan-acf) polymerase chain reaction assay in patients with haematological malignancy.invasive fungal infection (ifi) is a fatal infection in haematology patients. there is an urgent need for reliable screening methods facilitating timely diagnosis and treatment. a real-time panfungal polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay based on taqman technology targeting 18s ribosomal rna gene was used to screen whole blood specimen obtained from series of haematology malignancy patients for ifis.201728303817
preparation of biodiesel with liquid synergetic lipases from rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate.to reduce industrial production cost, cheap and easily available rapeseed oil deodorizer distillates were used as feedstock to prepare biodiesel in this study. as a result, liquid forms of candida rugosa lipase and rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) were functioned as new and effective catalysts with biodiesel yield of 92.63% for 30 h and 94.36% for 9 h, respectively. furthermore, the synergetic effect between the two lipases was employed to enhance biodiesel yield with a result of 98.16% in 6 h under ...201728353044
utilization of size polymorphism in its1 and its2 regions for identification of pathogenic yeast species.despite the existence of a variety of available yeast-identification strategies, easier and more cost-effective methods are required for routine use in clinical laboratories. the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of fungal rrna genes exhibit variable sizes depending on the yeast species. in the present study, fragment size polymorphism (fsp) analysis of the its1 and its2 regions for identification of the clinically most important yeast species was assessed.201728260588
utilization of size polymorphism in its1 and its2 regions for identification of pathogenic yeast species.despite the existence of a variety of available yeast identification strategies, easier and more cost-effective methods are required for routine use in clinical laboratories. the internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of fungal rrna genes exhibit variable sizes depending on the yeast species. in the present study, fragment size polymorphism (fsp) analysis of the its1 and its2 regions for identification of the clinically most important yeast species was assessed. the its1 and its2 regions of 1 ...201728068213
an improved amperometric triglyceride biosensor based on co-immobilization of nanoparticles of lipase, glycerol kinase and glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase onto pencil graphite electrode.nanoparticles (nps) of commercial lipase from candida rugosa, of glycerol kinase (gk) from cellulomonas species, of glycerol-3- phosphate oxidase (gpo) from aerococcus viridans were prepared, characterized and co-immobilized onto a pencil graphite (pg) electrode. the morphological and electrochemical characterization of pg electrode was performed by scanning electron microscopy (sem), cyclic voltammetry (cv) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis) before and after co-immobilization of e ...201728284306
interaction of a digestive protease, candida rugosa lipase, with three surfactants investigated by spectroscopy, molecular docking and enzyme activity assay.the extensive use of surfactants in food, laundry products and agriculture has caused concern about their biosafety. however, few studies have been done on their potential effect on the lipase which has always been used with surfactants in food and laundry industry. herein, we investigated the interaction of three surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs), sodium lauryl sulfonate (sls)) with candida rugosa lipase (crl), which is a popular biocatalyst used ...201729220758
an improved enzymatic indirect method for simultaneous determinations of 3-mcpd esters and glycidyl esters in fish oils.the enzymatic indirect method for simultaneous determinations of 3-chloro-1, 2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-mcpd-es) and glycidyl fatty acid esters (gly-es) make use of lipase from candida cylindracea (previously referred to as c. rugosa). because of low substrate specificity of the lipase for esters of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), such as docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and eicosapentaenoic acid (epa), fish oils high in pufas are currently excluded from the range of application of the met ...201728924085
lc-pda/apciitms identification of algal carotenoid and oxysterol precursors to fatty acid esters in hydrolyzed extracts of the freshwater mussel dreissena bugensis.carotenyl fatty acid esters (carotenyl-faes) were extracted in acetone from freeze-dried dreissena bugensis (lakes erie and ontario) and hydrolyzed to identify the carotenoid precursors. analysis by liquid chromatography (lc) with photodiode array (pda) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (apciitms) revealed the major hydrolysis products: fucoxanthinol (foh) from fucoxanthin (fx, diatoms); mactraxanthin (mx) from violaxanthin (vx, chlorophytes); 4-fold higher ...201729030666
lipase catalyzed transesterification of ethyl butyrate synthesis in n-hexane- a kinetic study.kinetics of lipase catalyzed transesterification of ethyl caprate and butyric acid was investigated. the objective of this work was to propose a reaction mechanism and develop a rate equation for the synthesis of ethyl butyrate by transesterification using surfactant coated lipase from candida rugosa. the reaction rate could be described in terms of michaelis-menten equation with a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism and competitive inhibition by both the substrates. the values of kinetic parameters compu ...201728928527
structure and properties of oil palm-based nanocellulose reinforced chitosan nanocomposite for efficient synthesis of butyl butyrate.in this study, nanocellulose (nc) was successfully extracted from oil palm frond leaves (opfl) using a combination of bleaching, alkaline treatment and acid hydrolysis. x-ray diffractogram revealed the extracted nc was crystalline with a crystallinity index of 70.2%. this indicates its suitability as nano-fillers for preparing the chitosan/nanocellulose (cs-nc) supports to immobilize candida rugosa lipase (crl) to produce the crl/cs-nc biocatalysts. ftir, fesem and tga characterizations of the c ...201728927609
application of commercial and non-commercial immobilized lipases for biocatalytic production of ethyl lactate in organic solvents.this study explores the potential for enhancing the production of ethyl lactate (el), a green solvent, through enzymatic esterification. different solvents were compared as organic media for conversion of lactate and ethanol into el, catalyzed by novozym 435. chloroform and hexane were the most effective in low acid concentrations (0.01-0.1m) exhibiting maximum el yields of 88% and 75% respectively. the yield of el improved as the solvent's logp increased up to a value of 2. non-commercial immob ...201828968571
enzymatic synthesis of phytosteryl lipoate and its antioxidant properties.in this work, an enzymatic route for synthesizing phytosteryl lipoate was successfully set up for the first time. the structure of final product phytosteryl lipoate was determined by fourier transform infrared (ftir), mass spectrometry (ms) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). the maximum conversion of 71.2% was achieved when the following conditions were employed: 150mmol/l phytosterol, 1: 2.5m ratio of phytosterol to lipoic acid, 10g/l of 4å molecular sieves and 60g/l candida rugosa in 2-meth ...201828946336
convenient enzymatic resolution of (r,s)-2-methylbutyric acid catalyzed by immobilized lipases.the application of several immobilized lipases has been explored in the enantioselective esterification of (r,s)-2-methylbutyric acid, an insect pheromone precursor. with the use of candida antarctica b, using hexane as solvent, (r)-pentyl 2-methylbutyrate was prepared in 2 h with c 40%, eep 90%, and e = 35, while thermomyces lanuginosus leads to c 18%, eep 91%, and e = 26. the (s)-enantiomer was obtained by the use of candida rugosa or rhizopus oryzae (2-h reaction, c 34% and 35%, eep 75 and 49 ...201829083057
scalable fabrication of sulfated silk fibroin nanofibrous membranes for efficient lipase adsorption and recovery.fabricating adsorptive materials for fast and high efficient adsorption of enzymes is critical to match the great demands for separation and recovery of enzymes used as biocatalysts. however, it has proven extremely challenging. here, we report a cost-effective strategy to construct the sulfated group surface-functionalized silk fibroin nanofibrous membranes (ss-sfnm) under mild conditions for positively charged candida rugosa lipase adsorption. the naturally abundant silk is thus reconstructed ...201829339287
immobilization of lipase on carboxylic acid-modified silica nanoparticles for olive oil glycerolysis.in this study, the silica nanoparticles surface was modified by carboxylic acid with different number of alkyl chain and two different lipases were immobilized on it to increase the glycerolysis activity of the immobilized lipases in organic solvent system. silica nanoparticles of about 15 nm diameter were grafted with various carboxylic acid modifiers from valeric, caprylic, capric, lauric, stearic and oleic acids. lipases from candida antarctica and candida rugosa were immobilized onto the car ...201829043450
immobilization of enzymes on a phospholipid bionically modified polysulfone gradient-pore membrane for the enhanced performance of enzymatic membrane bioreactors.enzymatic membrane bioreactors (embrs), with synergistic catalysis-separation performance, have increasingly been used for practical applications. generally, the membrane properties, particularly the pore structures and interface interactions, have a significant impact on the catalytic efficiency of the embr. therefore, a biomimetic interface based on a phospholipid assembled onto a polysulfone hollow-fiber membrane with perfect radial gradient pores (rgm-psf) has been prepared in this work to c ...201829324678
enhancement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides in sardine oil by a bioimprinted cross-linked candida rugosa lipase.considering the advantages of bioimprinting and carrier free immobilization, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (clea) were prepared by using bioimprinted candida rugosa lipase (crl) with bovine serum albumin (bsa), polyethyleneimine and glutaraldehyde. effect of various factors such as crl-oleic acid ratio, crl-bsa ratio, crl- polyethyleneimine ratio, glutaraldehyde loading, cross-linking time etc., on lipase activity recovery and aggregate yield were studied and optimized. this immobilized lipase ...201829310852
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