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multigenic control of ribosomal properties associated with cycloheximide sensitivity in neurospora crassa. 20144274736
thermostimulation of conidiation and succinic oxidative metabolism of neurospora crassa. 20144303684
increased viability of a strain of neurospora crassa after treatment with ultraviolet radiation or other agents.a strain of neurospora crassa with low viability but near normal germination shows a two- to sixfold increase in the number of colonies formed after treatment with ultraviolet radiation, x radiation, nitrous acid, or heat (50 c). effective dosages of these agents produce moderate killing of the wild type.20144266244
genetic recombination in neurospora crassa affected by changes in the supply of cellular energy. 20144281764
hyphal wall peptides and colonial morphology in neurospora crassa. 20144279659
end-product regulation of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid pathway in neurospora crassa.the regulation of the tryptophan-nicotinic acid pathway in neurospora crassa was examined with mutants (nic-2, nic-3) which require nicotinamide for growth. the accumulation of n-acetylkynurenin and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid by these mutants served to estimate the level of function of the early reactions in the pathway. in still cultures, maximal accumulation occurred with media containing growth-limiting amounts of nicotinamide; the accumulation of intermediates was almost negligible with nicot ...20144107105
cold-induced increase of glycerol kinase activity in neurospora crassa: rapid inactivation of the enzyme in vivo.the glycerol kinase activity induced by incubation of neurospora crassa at low temperatures was rapidly lost when cultures were returned to 26 c. after a short lag, the activity disappeared irreversibly with a half-life of approximately 15 min. the loss of activity was not due to a change in the level of an inhibitor or activator. glycerol reduced the activity loss but did not completely prevent it, which was an effect that was dependent on protein synthesis. the cold-induced activity was also a ...20144281774
cyanide-resistant respiration in neurospora crassa.cell respiration in wild type and poky was studied as part of a long-term investigation of cyanide-resistant respiration in neurospora. respiration in wild type proceeds via a cytochrome chain which is similar to that of higher organisms; it is sensitive to antimycin a or cyanide. poky, on the other hand, respires by means of two alternative oxidase systems. one of these is analogous to the wild-type cytochrome chain in that it can be inhibited by antimycin a or cyanide; this system accounts for ...20144333318
interaction of galactosaminoglycan with neurospora conidia.the inactivation of neurospora crassa conidia by galactosaminoglycan isolated from cultures of this organism was followed by measuring colony-forming ability and ability to take up radiolabeled metabolites. when kinetic data on the loss of transport function and on killing were analyzed by use of target theory, it appeared that few "hits" are required for inactivation. however, studies with radio-labeled galactosaminoglycan mucopolysaccharides showed that cells receiving a single lethal hit have ...20144281775
regulation of a sulfur-controlled protease in neurospora crassa.wild-type neurospora crassa produces and secretes extracellular protease(s) when grown on a medium containing a protein as its principle sulfur source. readily available sulfur sources, such as sulfate or methionine, repress the synthesis of the proteolytic activity. preliminary characterization of the proteolytic enzyme shows it to have a molecular weight of about 31,000, a ph optimum of 6 to 9 with casein as substrate, and esterolytic activity against acetyl-tyrosine ethyl ester with a ph opti ...20144270448
genetic analysis of a suppressor of urease-deficiency in neurospora crassa. 20144281763
an inducible amino acid transport system in neurospora crassa. 20144258482
the effect of phosphate buffer on the differential response of two genes in neurospora crassa to uv. 20144263301
control of non-allelic recombination in neurospora crassa. 20144273091
[effect of some orotaldehyde derivatives as orotic acid antagonists in neurospora crassa]. 20144391358
[isolation and properties of plasma membranes of neurospora crassa mycelium]. 20144264117
preparation of mitochondrial membrane proteins from neurospora crassa: prevention of lipid autoxidation damage by an antioxidant. 20144266161
interconnections of reactive oxygen species homeostasis and circadian rhythm in neurospora crassa.both circadian rhythm and the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) are fundamental features of aerobic eukaryotic cells. the circadian clock enhances the fitness of organisms by enabling them to anticipate cycling changes in the surroundings. ros generation in the cell is often altered in response to environmental changes, but oscillations in ros levels may also reflect endogenous metabolic fluctuations governed by the circadian clock. on the other hand, an effective regulation and timing ...201423964982
alterations in growth and branching of neurospora crassa caused by sub-inhibitory concentrations of antifungal agents.six antifungal agents at subinhibitory concentrations were used for investigating their ability to affect the growth and branching in neurospora crassa. among the antifungals herein used, the azole agent ketoconazole at 0.5 microg/ml inhibited radial growth more than fluconazole at 5.0 microg/ml while amphotericin b at 0.05 microg/ml was more effective than nystatin at 0.05 microg/ml. morphological alterations in hyphae were observed in the presence of griseofulvin, ketoconazole and terbinafine ...201419391525
[comparative analysis of respiratory activity in the wild type strain of neurospora crassa and its photoreceptor complex mutants].cell respiratory activity of protoplasts obtained from the wild type of neurospora crassa and photoreceptor complex wcc--white collar 1 (wc-1) and white collar 2 (wc-2)--mutants of neurospora crassa strains was investigated. respiration inhibition by kcn in the presence of 25 mm succinate was similar in all strains and did not exceed 83-85% against control. the significant induction of kcn-resistant respiratory pathway occurred under 1% glucose oxidation in wc-1 and wc-2 mutants if compared with ...201320586289
an endophytic neurospora sp. from nothapodytes foetida producing camptothecin.the medicinal plant, nothapodytes foetida contains a number of important alkaloids like camptothecin (an anticancer drug molecule) but its concentration is less to meet the existing demand of this important molecule, so in an effort for accessible availability of camptothecin. an endophyte (designated zp5se) was isolated from the seed of nothapodytes foetida and was examined as potential source of anticancer drug lead compound i.e. camptothecin, when grown in sabouraud liquid culture media under ...201318669267
the n-terminal region of the neurospora ndr kinase cot1 regulates morphology via its interactions with mob2a/b.nuclear dbf2p-related (ndr) protein kinases are important for cell differentiation and polar morphogenesis in various organisms, yet some of their functions are still elusive. dysfunction of the neurospora crassa ndr kinase cot1 leads to cessation of tip extension and hyperbranching. ndr kinases require the physical interaction between the kinase's n-terminal region (ntr) and the mps1-binding (mob) proteins for their activity and functions. to study the interactions between cot1 and mob2 protein ...201323962317
investigation of the functional role of aldose 1-epimerase in engineered cellobiose utilization.functional expression of a cellodextrin transporter and an intracellular β-glucosidase from neurospora crassa in saccharomyces cerevisiae enables simultaneous co-fermentation of cellobiose and non-glucose sugars such as xylose. here we investigate the functional role of aldose 1-epimerase (aep) in engineered cellobiose utilization. one aep (gal10) and two putative aeps (yhr210c and ynr071c sharing 50.6% and 51.0% amino acid identity with gal10, respectively) were selected. deletion of gal10 led ...201323954547
optimization of cdt-1 and xyl1 expression for balanced co-production of ethanol and xylitol from cellobiose and xylose by engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae.production of ethanol and xylitol from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is an alternative to the traditional production of ethanol in utilizing biomass. however, the conversion efficiency of xylose to xylitol is restricted by glucose repression, causing a low xylitol titer. to this end, we cloned genes cdt-1 (encoding a cellodextrin transporter) and gh1-1 (encoding an intracellular β-glucosidase) from neurospora crassa and xyl1 (encoding a xylose reductase that converts xylose into xylitol) from sch ...201323844185
analysis of mutations in neurospora crassa ermes components reveals specific functions related to β-barrel protein assembly and maintenance of mitochondrial morphology.the endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria encounter structure (ermes) tethers the er to mitochondria and contains four structural components: mmm1, mdm12, mdm10, and mmm2 (mdm34). the gem1 protein may play a role in regulating ermes function. saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa strains lacking any of mmm1, mdm12, or mdm10 are known to show a variety of phenotypic defects including altered mitochondrial morphology and defects in the assembly of β-barrel proteins into the mitochondrial out ...201323940790
residual recombination in neurospora crassa spo11 deletion homozygotes occurs during meiosis.spo11 is considered responsible for initiation of meiotic recombination in higher organisms, but previous analysis using spo11 (rip) mutants suggests that the his-3 region of neurospora crassa experiences spo11-independent recombination. however, despite possessing several stop codons, it is conceivable that the mutants are not completely null. also, since lack of spo11 interferes with chromosomal pairing and proper segregation at meiosis i, spores can be partially diploid for a period after mei ...201323801409
single amino acid substitutions in hxt2.4 from scheffersomyces stipitis lead to improved cellobiose fermentation by engineered saccharomyces cerevisiae.saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot utilize cellobiose, but this yeast can be engineered to ferment cellobiose by introducing both cellodextrin transporter (cdt-1) and intracellular β-glucosidase (gh1-1) genes from neurospora crassa. here, we report that an engineered s. cerevisiae strain expressing the putative hexose transporter gene hxt2.4 from scheffersomyces stipitis and gh1-1 can also ferment cellobiose. this result suggests that hxt2.4p may function as a cellobiose transporter when hxt2.4 is ...201323263959
efficient sequential repetitive gene deletions in neurospora crassa employing a self-excising β-recombinase/six cassette.despite its long-standing history as a model organism, neurospora crassa has limited tools for repetitive gene deletions utilizing recyclable self-excising marker systems. here we describe, for the first time, the functionality of a bacterial recombination system employing β-recombinase acting on six recognition sequences (β-rec/six) in n. crassa, which allowed repetitive site-specific gene deletion and marker recycling. we report generating the mus-51 deletion strain using this system, recyclin ...201323246910
a uvs-5 strain is deficient for a mitofusin gene homologue, fzo1, involved in maintenance of long life span in neurospora crassa.mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously fuse and divide. to maintain mitochondria, cells establish an equilibrium of fusion and fission events, which are mediated by dynamin-like gtpases. we previously showed that an mus-10 strain, a mutagen-sensitive strain of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa, is defective in an f-box protein that is essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial dna (mtdna), long life span, and mitochondrial morphology. similarly, a uvs-5 mutant ac ...201323223037
the stringency of start codon selection in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa.in eukaryotic cells initiation may occur from near-cognate codons that differ from aug by a single nucleotide. the stringency of start codon selection impacts the efficiency of initiation at near-cognate codons and the efficiency of initiation at aug codons in different contexts. we used a codon-optimized firefly luciferase reporter initiated with aug or each of the nine near-cognate codons in preferred context to examine the stringency of start codon selection in the model filamentous fungus ne ...201323396971
global analyses of ceratocystis cacaofunesta mitochondria: from genome to proteome.the ascomycete fungus ceratocystis cacaofunesta is the causal agent of wilt disease in cacao, which results in significant economic losses in the affected producing areas. despite the economic importance of the ceratocystis complex of species, no genomic data are available for any of its members. given that mitochondria play important roles in fungal virulence and the susceptibility/resistance of fungi to fungicides, we performed the first functional analysis of this organelle in ceratocystis us ...201323394930
both osrecq1 and osrdr1 are required for the production of small rna in response to dna-damage in rice.small rna-mediated gene silencing pathways play important roles in the regulation of development, genome stability and various stress responses in many eukaryotes. recently, a new type of small interfering rnas (qirnas) approximately 20-21 nucleotides long in neurospora crassa have been shown to mediate gene silencing in the dna damage response (ddr) pathway. however, the mechanism for rna silencing in the ddr pathway is largely unknown in plants. here, we report that a class of small rnas (qirn ...201323383126
eukaryotic tpp riboswitch regulation of alternative splicing involving long-distance base pairing.thiamin pyrophosphate (tpp) riboswitches are found in organisms from all three domains of life. examples in bacteria commonly repress gene expression by terminating transcription or by blocking ribosome binding, whereas most eukaryotic tpp riboswitches are predicted to regulate gene expression by modulating rna splicing. given the widespread distribution of eukaryotic tpp riboswitches and the diversity of their locations in precursor messenger rnas (pre-mrnas), we sought to examine the mechanism ...201323376932
glucoamylase is a potential allergen in products expressed in neurospora crassa. 201323352537
transcription of the major neurospora crassa microrna-like small rnas relies on rna polymerase iii.most plant and animal micrornas (mirnas) are transcribed by rna polymerase ii. we previously discovered mirna-like small rnas (milrnas) in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa and uncovered at least four different pathways for milrna production. to understand the evolutionary origin of milrnas, we determined the roles of polymerases ii and iii (pol ii and pol iii) in milrna transcription. our results show that pol iii is responsible for the transcription of the major milrnas produced in this ...201323349642
using a model filamentous fungus to unravel mechanisms of lignocellulose deconstruction.filamentous fungi are the main source of enzymes used to degrade lignocellulose to fermentable sugars for the production of biofuels. while the most commonly used organism for the production of cellulases in an industrial setting is trichoderma reesei (hypocrea jecorina), recent work in the model filamentous fungus neurospora crassa has shown that the variety of molecular, genetic and biochemical techniques developed for this organism can expedite analyses of the complexities involved in the uti ...201323339486
nonself recognition through intermolecular disulfide bond formation of ribonucleotide reductase in neurospora.type i ribonucleotide reductases (rnrs) are conserved across diverse taxa and are essential for the conversion of rna into dna precursors. in neurospora crassa, the large subunit of rnr (un-24) is unusual in that it also has a nonself recognition function, whereby coexpression of oak ridge (or) and panama (pa) alleles of un-24 in the same cell leads to growth inhibition and cell death. we show that coexpressing these incompatible alleles of un-24 in n. crassa results in a high molecular weight u ...201323335337
biotechnological production of ethanol from renewable resources by neurospora crassa: an alternative to conventional yeast fermentations?microbial production of ethanol might be a potential route to replace oil and chemical feedstocks. bioethanol is by far the most common biofuel in use worldwide. lignocellulosic biomass is the most promising renewable resource for fuel bioethanol production. bioconversion of lignocellulosics to ethanol consists of four major unit operations: pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and product separation/distillation. conventional bioethanol processes for lignocellulosics apply commercial fungal ...201323318834
reactive oxygen species can modulate circadian phase and period in neurospora crassa.reactive oxygen species (ros) may serve as signals coupling metabolism to other cell functions. in addition to being by-products of normal metabolism, they are generated at elevated levels under environmental stress situations. we analyzed how reactive oxygen species affect the circadian clock in the model organism neurospora crassa. in light/dark cycles, an increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species advanced the phase of both the conidiation rhythm and the expression of the clock gene fr ...201323277144
deletion and expression analysis of beta-(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase genes in neurospora crassa.gpi(glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchored beta-(1,3)-glucanosyltransferases play an active role in cell wall biosynthesis in fungi. neurospora crassa has 5 putative beta-(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase genes, namely, gel-1, gel-2, gel-3, gel-4, and gel-5, in its genome. among them, the gel-3 gene is constitutively expressed at the highest level in growing hyphae, whereas gel-1 is expressed at the lowest level. the gel-3 deletion mutant displayed slow growth, while other gel gene disruptants exhibit ...201323274249
[organization of mitochondria in the growing hyphae of neurospora crassa].in vivo fluorescent labeling of mitochondria in neurospora crassa showed the concentration of filamentous mitochondria within 30 μm of apex in growing hyphae. these mitochondrial assemblies propagated forward with the elongation of hyphae, split and segregated as the growing tip bifurcated and formed de novo when new branches formed farther away from the apex. the efficiency of the mitochondria concentration in the apical 30 μm zone is related to the growth rate and identical in hyphae cultivate ...201325509139
the common ancestral core of vertebrate and fungal telomerase rnas.telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein with an intrinsic telomerase rna (ter) component. within yeasts, ter is remarkably large and presents little similarity in secondary structure to vertebrate or ciliate ters. to better understand the evolution of fungal telomerase, we identified 74 ters from pezizomycotina and taphrinomycotina subphyla, sister clades to budding yeasts. we initially identified ter from neurospora crassa using a novel deep-sequencing-based approach, and homologous ter sequences fro ...201323093598
the blue light receptor complex wc-1/2 of schizophyllum commune is involved in mushroom formation and protection against phototoxicity.blue light is necessary for initiation of mushroom formation in schizophyllum commune. the genome of this basidiomycete contains homologues of the blue light receptor genes wc-1 and wc-2 of neurospora crassa. here, it is shown that inactivation of either or both of these genes in s. commune results in a blind phenotype. mushroom formation was abolished in dikaryons and they formed symmetrical instead of asymmetrical colonies. development was restored in a temperature dependent way in a δwc-2δwc- ...201322998561
suppression subtractive hybridization and comparative expression analysis to identify developmentally regulated genes in filamentous fungi.ascomycetes differentiate four major morphological types of fruiting bodies (apothecia, perithecia, pseudothecia and cleistothecia) that are derived from an ancestral fruiting body. thus, fruiting body differentiation is most likely controlled by a set of common core genes. one way to identify such genes is to search for genes with evolutionary conserved expression patterns. using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh), we selected differentially expressed transcripts in pyronema confluens ...201322961396
biophysical characterization of the recombinant importin-α from neurospora crassa.neurospora crassa has been widely used as a model organism and contributed to the development of biochemistry and molecular biology by allowing the identification of many metabolic pathways and mechanisms responsible for gene regulation. nuclear proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and need to be translocated to the nucleus to exert their functions which the importin-α receptor has a key role for the classical nuclear import pathway. in an attempt to get structural information of the nuclea ...201322789101
circadian activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase mak-1 facilitates rhythms in clock-controlled genes in neurospora crassa.the circadian clock regulates the expression of many genes involved in a wide range of biological functions through output pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways. we demonstrate here that the clock regulates the phosphorylation, and thus activation, of the mapks mak-1 and mak-2 in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. in this study, we identified genetic targets of the mak-1 pathway, which is homologous to the cell wall integrity pathway in saccharomyces cerevisiae ...201323125351
[superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in carotenoid-synthesizing fungi blakeslea trispora and neurospora crassa under the oxidative stress].the addition of menadione into the medium during cultivation of neurospora crassa in the dark activated its constitutive superoxide dismutase. exposure to light not only activated superoxide dismutase and catalase, but also increased the content of neurosporaxanthin. superoxide dismutase activity in the mixed (+/-) mycelium of blakeslea trispora synthesizing beta-carotene in the dark was much lower than that in neurospora crassa. the superoxide dismutase activity further decreased in oxidative s ...201312068573
[effect of inhibitors of enzymatic dna methylation on the formation of reproductive structures and carotenoid production in neurospora crassa].the effect of inhibitors of dna methylation on light-sensitive developmental stages of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa was studied. under conditions of nitrogen starvation, when blue light induced protoperithecia development and inhibited conidia formation, 5-azacytidine (3-300 microm) inhibited protoperithecia formation and stimulated conidia formation (a 700-fold increase after light induction). after treatment of the mycelium with 5-azacytidine, the protoperithecia formation was acco ...201311443894
the involvement of photoregulated dna methylation into a choice between sexual and asexual developmental pathways in neurospora crassa. 201311712181
[a study of the nitrate and nitrite discharge from the mutant cells of neurospora crassa lacking nitrate and nitrite reductase activities].the neurospora crassa mutants nit-2 (lacking both nitrite and nitrate reductases) and nit-6 (lacking nitrite reductase) grown in the medium with ammonium chloride as a sole source of nitrogen discharged nitrate and nitrite ions into culture medium. for nit-2, the content of nitrate exceeded that of nitrite in both the homogenate of fungal cells and growth medium; moreover, this difference was more pronounced in the culture medium. unlike nit-2, the content of nitrite in the cultivation medium of ...201317619581
[effect of 5-azacytidine on the light-sensitive formation of sexual and asexual reproductive structures in wc-1 and wc-2 mutants of neurospora crassa].under the conditions of nitrogen starvation, illumination by blue light of wc-1 and wc-2 mutants of the ascomycete neurospora crassa failed to stimulate the formation of protoperithecia and inhibit conidiation (contrary to what was observed in the mycelium of the wild-type fungus). the data obtained indicate that wc-1 and wc-2 genes of n. crassa are involved in light-dependent formation of protoperithecia and conidia. the effects of 5-azacytidine (an inhibitor of dna methylation) under the same ...201315455721
bioelectrorheological model of the cell. 7. cellular deformation in the presence of cytochalasin b.the influence of cytochalasin b on the mechanical properties of neurospora crassa cells subjected to a periodic electric field was investigated. shear and extensional deformations were considered and studied separately. conditions were found under which shear deformations become irreversible. rheological models helped in the interpretation of the results in terms of the different response to the shear stress of the three hypothetical supramolecular regions of the membrane-skeleton network (f, s ...20139474262
[cyclic nucleotides and membrane electrogenesis in cell differentiation in neurospora crassa].significance of membrane electrogenic system and cyclic nucleotides for developmental regulation in lower eukaryotes was studied in neurospora crassa. despite of their morphological uniformity, hyphal cells were differentiated by their electrophysiological parameters--membrane potential and input resistance. the cells maintained regulated electric communication through septal pores. such electric communication allowed the apical "cell" to compensate the energy requirements for membrane transport ...20137618293
nad(+)-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of neurospora crassa: cloning, complete nucleotide sequence, and gene mapping.the nad(+)-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (nad-gdh) of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa is a tetrameric enzyme, regulated by catabolite repression. the amino acid sequence of this enzyme had been published several years ago. with the object of investigating the molecular mechanism of catabolite repression, the nucleotide sequence of genomic clones containing the coding region, along with 5'- and 3'-flanking noncoding segments of the nad-gdh transcription unit, was obtained. the gdh str ...20138398079
the wilhelmine e. key 1989 invitational lecture. organization and regulation of the qa (quinic acid) genes in neurospora crassa and other fungi.in neurospora crassa, five structural genes and two regulatory genes control the use of quinic acid as a carbon source. all seven genes are tightly linked to form the qa gene cluster. the entire cluster, which has been cloned and sequenced, occupies a continuous dna segment of 17.3 kb. three pairs of genes are divergently transcribed, including the two regulatory genes that are located at one end of the cluster and that encode an activator (qa-1f) and a repressor (qa-1s). three of the structural ...20131825499
[in situ studies of myoinositol-1-p synthase in wild and inos- strains of neurospora crassa].the biosynthetic pathway for myo-inositol consist of two enzymatic steps: first, the cycloaldolization of glucose-6p to l-myo-inositol-ip followed by its hydrolysis to form free myo-inositol. the former reaction is catalyzed by myo-inositol-ip synthase (mips) while, a phosphatase is responsible for the hydrolysis step. depending on its degree of purification and storage age, mips activity us to be, from partial to fully, dependent on added nad. therefore, we decided to study the kinetic properti ...20131345122
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools in neurospora crassa: effects of histidine and hydroxyurea.an effective hplc method for detecting deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in hyphae from the fungus neurospora crassa has been developed. in rapidly growing cells the nucleotide levels vary from 11.8 pmoles/micrograms dna for dgtp to 24.2 pmoles/micrograms dna for dttp. these levels fall by approximately one half in stationary-phase cultures but the ratio of each pool to dgtp remains the same. the dntp pools in conidia are at least 5-fold lower than in rapidly growing cells. the pool sizes are th ...20132969078
a new ultraviolet-light sensitive mutant of neurospora crassa with unusual photoreactivation property.a mutant, uvs-(sa3b), which shows high sensitivity to uv light segregated among the progeny in a back-cross of a presumptive mms-sensitive mutant to a wild-type strain. at 37% survival, this mutant was approximately 5 times more sensitive to uv and also 6 times more sensitive to 4-nqo than the wild type. but it was only slightly sensitive to gamma-ray, mms, mnng, mtc and histidine. it showed an unusual photoreactivation response. its time course of photorecovery was similar to the photoreactivat ...20132933585
[effect of the cyclic nucleotide level on the degree of carotenoid pigment formation in the mycelial cells of neurospora crassa].the relation between the content of cyclic nucleotides and the rate of formation of carotenoid pigments in the neurospora crassa mycelium cells was investigated. light derepression of the carotenoid synthesis during the photoinduction lag-period induced a transient decrease of the camp content. the intracellular camp content was in negative correlation with the constitutive level of carotenoid pigments. the cgmp content remained unchanged during the photoinduction lag-period and showed no correl ...20136304680
inhibition of adenine and hypoxanthine uptake by guanosine in conidia of neurospora crassa.guanosine competitively inhibits the uptake of adenine and hypoxanthine by the general purine-base permease in conidia of neurospora crassa. there is no reciprocal effect of adenine or hypoxanthine on guanosine uptake so it is suggested that guanosine can bind to the general purine-base permease to cause this inhibition but is not transported through this system. it is known that guanosine is transported by two separate nucleoside transport sites. guanosine also noncompetitively inhibits the spe ...20136460550
changes in nucleotide pools during conidial germination in neurospora crassa. 20136460549
[studies on the conidial differentiation of "neurospora crassa" -- vii. -- alcoholic regulation and conidiogenous capacity (wild-type and "fluffy" mutant) (authors transl)].sucrose consumption by the wild-type neurospora crassa is quicker, with much more ethanol produced, in the ammonium medium than in nitrate as single n source. on low sugar concentration which is quickly nullified, little alcohol is produced and early conidiation can develop. the higher the initial sugar concentration, the higher is the alcoholigenic coefficient defined as the efficiency of alcoholic glycolysis per unit of sugar consumed, and the more complete is the conidial "repression" in ammo ...2013157707
[nicotinamide coenzymes at the early stages of light induction of carotenogenesis in the neurospora crassa mycelium].changes in the concentration of nad+, nadh, nadp+ and nadph in the mycelium of the nadase free mutant of neurospora crassa were studied during the latent stage of light induction of carotenogenesis. a 30 minute illumination by visible light brought about a stable decrease in the nadh/nad+nadh ratio, exerting no effect on the nadph/nadp+nadph ratio. at the same time the nadp+/nad+ ratio increased. these changes occurred only when illumination induced carotenoid accumulation in the n. crassa mycel ...201323524
ageing of neurospora crassa. iii. induction of cellular death and clonal senescence of an inositol-less mutant by inositol starvation and the protective effect of dietary antioxidants.clonal growth rate and cellular viability of an inositol-less mutant of neurospora crassa decline rapidly during deprivation of dietary inositol. dietary antioxidants, either nordihydroguaiaretic acid, vitamin e or 3,5-ditert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, protected cells and clones of the mutant from death and senescence. membrane deterioration with associated lipid autoxidation and consequent deleterious free radical reactions appear to be, in part at least, the causes of the mutant's death a ...2013133275
arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid and synthetase of neurospora crassa. 20134260497
a poly u directed phenylalanine polymerizing system from neurospora crassa: general characterization and ionic effects. 20135515872
[the effect of orotic acid hydrazide on the growth of neurospora crassa and on the development of ehrlich ascitic tumor]. 20135455884
electrophoretic comparison of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins from neurospora crassa. 20135380348
control of trehalase synthesis in neurospora crassa. 20135373655
analysis of ad-3 mutants induced by nitrous acid in a heterokaryon of neurospora crassa. 20135807326
an effect of genetic background on dose-response curves in neurospora crassa. 20135807325
mutations in neurospora crassa affecting ascus and ascospore development. 20134273813
the uve1 endonuclease is regulated by the white collar complex to protect cryptococcus neoformans from uv damage.the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans uses the bwc1-bwc2 photoreceptor complex to regulate mating in response to light, virulence and ultraviolet radiation tolerance. how the complex controls these functions is unclear. here, we identify and characterize a gene in cryptococcus, uve1, whose mutation leads to a uv hypersensitive phenotype. the homologous gene in fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease acting in the uvde-dependent excision repai ...201324039606
microbial transformations of isophorone by alternaria alternata and neurospora crassa.isophorone (3,5,5-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one), a monoterpene, and the structurally related 1,8-cineole and camphor, have demonstrated a protective effect against cancer, biological activity against a variety of microorganisms, and anti-oxidant properties. the derivatization of isophorone is, therefore, an important field of xenobiochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. the aim of this study was to obtain derivatives of isophorone through microbial biotransformation and evaluate the biotransfo ...201323472460
physiological role of acyl coenzyme a synthetase homologs in lipid metabolism in neurospora crassa.acyl coenzyme a (coa) synthetase (acs) enzymes catalyze the activation of free fatty acids (fas) to coa esters by a two-step thioesterification reaction. activated fas participate in a variety of anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolic pathways, including de novo complex lipid biosynthesis, fa β-oxidation, and lipid membrane remodeling. analysis of the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa identified seven putative fatty acss (acs-1 through acs-7). acs-3 was found to be the ...201323873861
fungal siderophore biosynthesis is partially localized in peroxisomes.siderophores play a central role in iron metabolism and virulence of most fungi. both aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus nidulans excrete the siderophore triacetylfusarinine c (tafc) for iron acquisition. in a. fumigatus, green fluorescence protein-tagging revealed peroxisomal localization of the tafc biosynthetic enzymes sidi (mevalonyl-coa ligase), sidh (mevalonyl-coa hydratase) and sidf (anhydromevalonyl-coa transferase), while elimination of the peroxisomal targeting signal (pts) impaired ...201323617799
assessing the effects of light on differentiation and virulence of the plant pathogen botrytis cinerea: characterization of the white collar complex.organisms are exposed to a tough environment, where acute daily challenges, like light, can strongly affect several aspects of an individual's physiology, including pathogenesis. while several fungal models have been widely employed to understand the physiological and molecular events associated with light perception, various other agricultural-relevant fungi still remain, in terms of their responsiveness to light, in the dark. the fungus botrytis cinerea is an aggressive pathogen able to cause ...201324391918
proteomic alterations induced by ionic liquids in aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa.this study constitutes the first attempt to understand at the proteomic level the fungal response to ionic liquid stress. ascomycota are able to grow in media supplemented with high concentrations of an ionic liquid, which, in turn, lead to major alterations in the fungal metabolic footprint. herein, we analysed the differential accumulation of mycelial proteins in aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa after their exposure to two of the most commonly used ionic liquids: 1-ethyl-3-methylimid ...201324120530
analysis of a conserved cellulase transcriptional regulator reveals inducer-independent production of cellulolytic enzymes in neurospora crassa.cellulose is recalcitrant to deconstruction to glucose for use in fermentation strategies for biofuels and chemicals derived from lignocellulose. in neurospora crassa, the transcriptional regulator, clr-2, is required for cellulolytic gene expression and cellulose deconstruction. to assess conservation and divergence of cellulase gene regulation between fungi from different ecological niches, we compared clr-2 function with its ortholog (clrb) in the distantly related species, aspergillus nidula ...201323766336
neurospora crassa nkin2, a kinesin-3 motor, transports early endosomes and is required for polarized growth.biological motors are molecular nanomachines, which convert chemical energy into mechanical forces. the combination of mechanoenzymes with structural components, such as the cytoskeleton, enables eukaryotic cells to overcome entropy, generate molecular gradients, and establish polarity. hyphae of filamentous fungi are among the most polarized cells, and polarity defects are most obvious. here, we studied the role of the kinesin-3 motor, nkin2, in neurospora crassa. we found that nkin2 localizes ...201323687116
conf and conj contribute to conidia germination and stress response in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans.light induces various responses in fungi including formation of asexual and sexual reproductive structures. the formation of conidia in the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans is regulated by red and blue light receptors. expression of conidia associated con genes, which are widely spread in the fungal kingdom, increases upon exposure to light. we have characterized the light-inducible conf and conj genes of a. nidulans which are homologs of con-6 and con-10 of neurospora crassa. con genes a ...201323644150
a comparative study of hydrolysis and transglycosylation activities of fungal β-glucosidases.β-glucosidases (bgs) from aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, magnaporthe grisea, neurospora crassa, and penicillium brasilianum were purified to homogeneity, and investigated for their (simultaneous) hydrolytic and transglycosylation activity in samples with high concentrations of either cellobiose or glucose. the rate of the hydrolytic process (which converts one cellobiose to two glucose molecules) shows a maximum around 10-15 mm cellobiose and decreases with further ...201322311644
rnai function, diversity, and loss in the fungal kingdom.rnai is conserved and has been studied in a broad cross-section of the fungal kingdom, including neurospora crassa, schizosaccharomyces pombe, cryptococcus neoformans, and mucor circinelloides. and yet well known species, including the model yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and the plant pathogen ustilago maydis, have lost rnai, providing insights and opportunities to illuminate benefits conferred both by the presence of rnai and its loss. some of the earliest studies of rnai were conducted in neu ...201324173579
eukaryotic resistance to fluoride toxicity mediated by a widespread family of fluoride export proteins.fluorine is an abundant element and is toxic to organisms from bacteria to humans, but the mechanisms by which eukaryotes resist fluoride toxicity are unknown. the escherichia coli gene crcb was recently shown to be regulated by a fluoride-responsive riboswitch, implicating it in fluoride response. there are >8,000 crcb homologs across all domains of life, indicating that it has an important role in biology. here we demonstrate that eukaryotic homologs [renamed fex (fluoride exporter)] function ...201324173035
aspergillus oryzae aoso is a novel component of stress granules upon heat stress in filamentous fungi.stress granules are a type of cytoplasmic messenger ribonucleoprotein (mrnp) granule formed in response to the inhibition of translation initiation, which typically occurs when cells are exposed to stress. stress granules are conserved in eukaryotes; however, in filamentous fungi, including aspergillus oryzae, stress granules have not yet been defined. for this reason, here we investigated the formation and localization of stress granules in a. oryzae cells exposed to various stresses using an e ...201323991062
a comparative study of nitrilases identified by genome mining.escherichia coli strains expressing different nitrilases transformed nitriles or kcn. six nitrilases (from aspergillus niger (2), a. oryzae, neurospora crassa, arthroderma benhamiae, and nectria haematococca) were arylacetonitrilases, two enzymes (from a. niger and penicillium chrysogenum) were cyanide hydratases and the others (from p. chrysogenum, p. marneffei, gibberella moniliformis, meyerozyma guilliermondi, rhodococcus rhodochrous, and r. ruber) preferred (hetero)aromatic nitriles as subst ...201323475593
phosphorylation of calcineurin at a novel serine-proline rich region orchestrates hyphal growth and virulence in aspergillus fumigatus.the fungus aspergillus fumigatus is a leading infectious killer in immunocompromised patients. calcineurin, a calmodulin (cam)-dependent protein phosphatase comprised of calcineurin a (cnaa) and calcineurin b (cnab) subunits, localizes at the hyphal tips and septa to direct a. fumigatus invasion and virulence. here we identified a novel serine-proline rich region (sprr) located between two conserved cnaa domains, the cnab-binding helix and the cam-binding domain, that is evolutionarily conserved ...201323990785
fungal cell wall organization and biosynthesis.the composition and organization of the cell walls from saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, schizosaccharomyces pombe, neurospora crassa, and cryptococcus neoformans are compared and contrasted. these cell walls contain chitin, chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, β-1,6-glucan, mixed β-1,3-/β-1,4-glucan, α-1,3-glucan, melanin, and glycoproteins as major constituents. a comparison of these cell walls shows that there is a great deal of variability in fungal cell wall composition ...201323419716
two functional motifs define the interaction, internalization and toxicity of the cell-penetrating antifungal peptide paf26 on fungal cells.the synthetic, cell penetrating hexapeptide paf26 (rkkwfw) is antifungal at low micromolar concentrations and has been proposed as a model for cationic, cell-penetrating antifungal peptides. its short amino acid sequence facilitates the analysis of its structure-activity relationships using the fungal models neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human and plant pathogens aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium digitatum, respectively. previously, paf26 at low fungicidal concentration ...201323349973
molecular tools for functional genomics in filamentous fungi: recent advances and new strategies.advances in genetic transformation techniques have made important contributions to molecular genetics. various molecular tools and strategies have been developed for functional genomic analysis of filamentous fungi since the first dna transformation was successfully achieved in neurospora crassa in 1973. increasing amounts of genomic data regarding filamentous fungi are continuously reported and large-scale functional studies have become common in a wide range of fungal species. in this review, ...201323988676
the l-cysteine desulfurase nfs1 is localized in the cytosol where it provides the sulfur for molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in humans.in humans, the l-cysteine desulfurase nfs1 plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis and in the thiomodification of mitochondrial and cytosolic trnas. we have previously demonstrated that purified nfs1 is able to transfer sulfur to the c-terminal domain of mocs3, a cytosolic protein involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis and trna thiolation. however, no direct evidence existed so far for the interaction of nfs1 and mocs3 in the cytosol of human cells. here, ...201323593335
the oxygenase cao-1 of neurospora crassa is a resveratrol cleavage enzyme.the genome of the ascomycete neurospora crassa encodes cao-1 and cao-2, two members of the carotenoid cleavage oxygenase family that target double bonds in different substrates. previous studies demonstrated the role of cao-2 in cleaving the c40 carotene torulene, a key step in the synthesis of the c35 apocarotenoid pigment neurosporaxanthin. in this work, we investigated the activity of cao-1, assuming that it may provide retinal, the chromophore of the nop-1 rhodopsin, by cleaving β-carotene. ...201323893079
sterol c-22 desaturase erg5 mediates the sensitivity to antifungal azoles in neurospora crassa and fusarium verticillioides.antifungal azoles inhibit ergosterol biosynthesis by interfering with lanosterol 14α-demethylase. in this study, seven upregulated and four downregulated ergosterol biosynthesis genes in response to ketoconazole treatment were identified in neurospora crassa. azole sensitivity test of knockout mutants for six ketoconazole-upregulated genes in ergosterol biosynthesis revealed that deletion of only sterol c-22 desaturase erg5 altered sensitivity to azoles: the erg5 mutant was hypersensitive to azo ...201323755044
effect of heterologous xylose transporter expression in candida tropicalis on xylitol production rate.xylose utilization is inhibited by glucose uptake in xylose-assimilating yeasts, including candida tropicalis, resulting in limitation of xylose uptake during the fermentation of glucose/xylose mixtures. in this study, a heterologous xylose transporter gene (at5g17010) from arabidopsis thaliana was selected because of its high affinity for xylose and was codon-optimized for functional expression in c. tropicalis. the codon-optimized gene was placed under the control of the gapdh promoter and was ...201323411871
phylogenetics and gene structure dynamics of polygalacturonase genes in aspergillus and neurospora crassa.polygalacturonase (pg) gene is a typical gene family present in eukaryotes. forty-nine pgs were mined from the genomes of neurospora crassa and five aspergillus species. the pgs were classified into 3 clades such as clade 1 for rhamno-pgs, clade 2 for exo-pgs and clade 3 for exo- and endo-pgs, which were further grouped into 13 sub-clades based on the polypeptide sequence similarity. in gene structure analysis, a total of 124 introns were present in 44 genes and five genes lacked introns to give ...201325288950
neurospora crassa protein arginine methyl transferases are involved in growth and development and interact with the ndr kinase cot1.the protein arginine methyltransferaseas (prmts) family is conserved from yeast to human, and regulates stability, localization and activity of proteins. we have characterized deletion strains corresponding to genes encoding for prmt1/3/5 (designated amt-1, amt-3 and skb-1, respectively) in neurospora crassa. deletion of prmt-encoding genes conferred altered arg-methylated protein profiles, as determined immunologically. δamt-1 exhibited reduced hyphal elongation rates (70% of wild type) and inc ...201324260473
evolution, selection and isolation: a genomic view of speciation in fungal plant pathogens.895 i. 895 ii. 896 iii. 898 iv. 900 v. 902 vi. 904 vii. 905 905 references 905 summary: speciation of fungal plant pathogens has been associated with host jumps, host domestication, clonal divergence, and hybridization. although we have substantial insight into the speciation histories of several important plant pathogens, we still know very little about the underlying genetics of reproductive isolation. studies in saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa, and nonfungal model systems illustra ...201323782262
homology modeling, ligand docking and in silico mutagenesis of neurospora hsp80 (90): insight into intrinsic atpase activity.the hsp90 family of proteins is an important component of the cellular response to elevated temperatures, environmental or physiological stress and nuclear receptor signalling. the primary object of this work is the 80-kda heat shock protein, a member of the hsp90 family, from the model filamentous fungus neurospora crassa, (henceforth referred to as hsp80nc). in contrast to more extensively characterized members of the same family, (e.g. hsp82sc of saccharomyces cerevisiae) it exhibits a higher ...201323735900
transcriptional profiling of neurospora crassa δmak-2 reveals that mitogen-activated protein kinase mak-2 participates in the phosphate signaling pathway.the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa is an excellent model system for examining molecular responses to ambient signals in eukaryotic microorganisms. inorganic phosphate (pi) is an essential growth-limiting nutrient in nature and is crucial for the synthesis of nucleic acids and the flow of genetic information. the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling the response to pi starvation in n. crassa include at least four genes (nuc-2, preg, pogv, and nuc-1), which are involved in a hierarch ...201323733042
the plasma membrane proton pump pma-1 is incorporated into distal parts of the hyphae independently of the spitzenkörper in neurospora crassa.most models for fungal growth have proposed a directional traffic of secretory vesicles to the hyphal apex, where they temporarily aggregate at the spitzenkörper before they fuse with the plasma membrane (pm). the pm h(+)-translocating atpase (pma-1) is delivered via the classical secretory pathway (endoplasmic reticulum [er] to golgi) to the cell surface, where it pumps h(+) out of the cell, generating a large electrochemical gradient that supplies energy to h(+)-coupled nutrient uptake systems ...201323729384
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