| nucleotide sequence of the large mitochondrial rrna gene of penicillium chrysogenum. | the nucleotide sequence of a large rrna (1-rrna) gene and its flanking regions in the cloned fragments of mitochondrial (mt) dna from penicillium chrysogenum nrrl1951 (sekiguchi j., ohsaki, t., yamamoto, h., koichi, k. and shida, t. (1990) j. gen. microbiol. 136, 535-543) was determined and compared with those in aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa mitochondrial dnas. the p. chrysogenum mt 1-rrna gene has a 1678 bp intron which intervenes between a 2835 bp 5' exon and a 581 bp 3' exon, an ... | 1993 | 7680578 |
| mei-3, a recombination and repair gene of neurospora crassa, encodes a reca-like protein. | neurospora crassa mei-3 is a mutant which exhibits meiotic and mitotic defects and mutagen sensitivity. its defect is believed to be in recombination and repair. we have cloned the mei-3 gene from a n. crassa cosmid library of genomic dna. restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis determined the location of the cloned fragment was on chromosome one in approximately the same position that was previously reported for mei-3 by classical genetic methods. deletion analysis showed the approxim ... | 1993 | 7692262 |
| molecular cloning, sequencing and sequence analysis of the fox-2 gene of neurospora crassa encoding the multifunctional beta-oxidation protein. | we present the molecular cloning and sequencing of genomic and cdna clones of the fox-2 gene of neurospora crassa, encoding the multifunctional beta-oxidation protein (mfp). the coding region of the fox-2 gene is interrupted by three introns, one of which appears to be inefficiently spliced out. the encoded protein comprises 894 amino acid residues and exhibits 45% and 47% sequence identity with the mfps of candida tropicalis and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. sequence analysis identifi ... | 1995 | 7715608 |
| yeast phylogenetic relationships based on cytochrome c sequences. | the availability of the kicyc1 sequence was used to establish homologies with other cytochrome c genes from yeasts and the fungus neurospora crassa. in terms of nucleotide composition, the cytochrome c gene from kluyveromyces lactis showed a higher homology with schwanniomyces occidentalis than with saccharomyces cerevisiae, and this point is discussed in regard to the differences found in the codon usage of these yeasts. the deduced amino acidic composition of the protein facilitated comparison ... | 1995 | 7731389 |
| analysis of cys3 regulator function in neurospora crassa by modification of leucine zipper dimerization specificity. | the cys3 positive regulator is a basic region-leucine zipper (bzip) dna-binding protein that is essential for the expression of sulfur-controlled structural genes in neurospora crassa. an approach of modifying the dimerization specificity of the cys3 leucine zipper was used to determine whether the in vivo regulatory function of cys3 requires the formation of homodimeric or heterodimeric complexes. two altered versions of cys3 with coiled coil elecrostatic interactions favorable to heterodimeriz ... | 1995 | 7731792 |
| repressible cation-phosphate symporters in neurospora crassa. | the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa possesses two nonhomologous high-affinity phosphate permeases, pho-4 and pho-5. we have isolated separate null mutants of these permeases, allowing us to study the remaining active transporter in vivo in terms of phosphate uptake and sensitivity to inhibitors. the specificity for the cotransported cation differs for pho-4 and pho-5, suggesting that these permeases employ different mechanisms for phosphate translocation. phosphate uptake by pho-4 is stimul ... | 1995 | 7732001 |
| purification of arginase from aspergillus nidulans. | arginase (ec 3.5.3.1) of aspergillus nidulans, the enzyme which enables the fungus to use arginine as the sole nitrogen source was purified to homogeneity. molecular mass of the purified arginase subunit is 40 kda and is similar to that reported for the neurospora crassa (38.3 kda) and saccharomyces cerevisiae (39 kda) enzymes. the native molecular mass of arginase is 125 kda. the subunit/native molecular mass ratio suggests a trimeric form of the protein. the arginase protein was cleaved and pa ... | 1994 | 7732765 |
| a kluyveromyces lactis gene homologue to aac2 complements the saccaromyces cerevisiae op1 mutation. | a mutation (op1) in the saccharomyces cerevisiae aac2 gene, which codes for the most abundant adp/atp carrier isoform, results in lack of mitochondrial-dependent growth and in an as yet unexplained petite-negative phenotype. a gene from the petite-negative yeast kluyveromyces lactis has been isolated by complementing in multicopy the op1 mutation of s. cerevisiae. this gene, designated kiaac, can complement the petite-negative phenotype of op1 as well as its inability to grow on nonfermentable c ... | 1995 | 7736606 |
| limitations to in vivo import of hydrophobic proteins into yeast mitochondria. the case of a cytoplasmically synthesized apocytochrome b. | the apocytochrome b gene, exclusively encoded by the mitochondrial genome, was engineered so that it could be expressed in the yeast cytoplasm. different combinations of the apocytochrome b transmembrane domains were produced in the form of hybrid proteins fused to both the n-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence of the atpase subunit 9 from neurospora crassa and to a cytoplasmic version of the bi4 rna maturase, localised on the n-terminal and c-terminal sides, respectively, of the hydrophob ... | 1995 | 7737175 |
| comparison of the mutagenicity and mutagen specificity of ethylenimine with triethylenemelamine in the ad-3 region of heterokaryon 12 of neurospora crassa. | studies have been performed to compare the mutagenicity and mutagenic specificity of the trifunctional alkylating agent, triethylenemelamine (tem), and a closely related monofunctional agent, ethylenimine (ei), in the adenine-3 (ad-3) region of a 2-component heterokaryon (h-12) of neurospora crassa. the primary objective of our studies was to characterize the genetic damage produced by each agent with regard to (1) mutagenic potency, and (2) the spectrum of specific-locus mutations induced in a ... | 1995 | 7739603 |
| cloning and expression of cdna encoding a protein that binds a palindromic promoter element essential for induction of fungal cutinase by plant cutin. | previous studies showed that a palindromic sequence located at -159 base pairs is essential for induction of cutinase gene in fusarium solani f. sp. pisi (nectria haematococca mating type vi) by the hydroxy fatty acids from plant cutin and that a 50-kda nuclear protein binds to a promoter that contains this element. screening of a phage lambda gt11 expression library with the concatenated palindromic sequence as the probe identified a cdna encoding a palindrome-binding protein (pbp). nucleotide ... | 1995 | 7744822 |
| development of primer sets designed for use with the pcr to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. | we constructed nine sets of oligonucleotide primers on the basis of the results of dna hybridization of cloned genes from neurospora crassa and aspergillus nidulans to the genomes of select filamentous ascomycetes and deuteromycetes (with filamentous ascomycete affiliations). nine sets of primers were designed to amplify segments of dna that span one or more introns in conserved genes. pcr dna amplification with the nine primer sets with genomic dna from ascomycetes, deuteromycetes, basidiomycet ... | 1995 | 7747954 |
| cloning and identification of arp1, an actin-related protein from pneumocystis carinii. | the complete pneumocystis carinii arp1 gene has been sequenced from two cdna clones. the gene encodes a protein 385 bp in length with an estimated size of 45,000 kd. the a + t% for the arp1 gene and a 900-bp sequence upstream of the gene were 63.7% and 70.3%, respectively. these values are consistent with a + t codon preference displayed by p. carinii and are similar to values reported for other p. carinii genes. the predicted amino acid sequence of the p. carinii arp1 protein had a similarity o ... | 1995 | 7757056 |
| disruption of the gene for hsp30, an alpha-crystallin-related heat shock protein of neurospora crassa, causes defects in thermotolerance. | the alpha-crystallin-related heat shock proteins are produced by all eukaryotes, but the role of these proteins in thermoprotection remains unclear. to investigate the function of one of these proteins, we disrupted expression of the single-copy hsp30 gene of neurospora crassa, using repeat-induced point mutagenesis, and we generated and characterized mutant strains that were deficient in hsp30 synthesis. these strains could grow at high temperature and they acquired thermotolerance from a heat ... | 1995 | 7761443 |
| use of aspergillus overproducing mutants, cured for integrated plasmid, to overproduce heterologous proteins. | aspergillus niger var. awamori was previously transformed with a vector designed to express a fused glucoamylase-prochymosin gene and bearing the neurospora crassa pyr4 gene as a selectable marker. mutant strains that overproduced the glucoamylase-prochymosin fusion protein were derived from one of the transformants. despite the fact that the expression vector was integrated into the genome of these strains it was possible to obtain strains from which the vector sequences had been removed. this ... | 1993 | 7764120 |
| identification of three chitin synthase genes in the dimorphic fungal pathogen sporothrix schenckii. | degenerate pcr primers were used to amplify a 600-bp conserved gene region for chitin synthases from genomic dna of sporothrix schenckii, a dimorphic fungal pathogen of humans and animals. three chitin synthase gene homologs were amplified as shown by dna sequence analysis and by southern blotting experiments. based on differences among the predicted amino acid sequences of these homologs, each was placed within one of three different chitin synthase classes. phylogenies constructed with the seq ... | 1994 | 7765092 |
| development of a new transformant selection system for penicillium chrysogenum: isolation and characterization of the p. chrysogenum acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase gene (faca) and its use as a homologous selection marker. | a new transformation system for the filamentous fungus penicillium chrysogenum is described, based on the use of the homologous acetyl-coenzyme a synthetase (faca) gene as a selection marker. acetate-non-utilizing (fac-) strains of p. chrysogenum were obtained by positive selection for spontaneous resistance to fluoroacetate. among these fac mutants putative faca strains were selected for a loss of acetyl-coenzyme a (coa) synthetase activity. the faca gene, coding for the enzyme acetyl-coa synth ... | 1993 | 7765289 |
| isolation and characterization of genes expressed uniquely during appressorium formation by colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia induced by the host surface wax. | appressorium formation in germinating colletotrichum gloeosporioides is induced by the surface wax of the host, the avocado fruit. to elucidate the mechanism by which differentiation of appressorium formation is induced, the fungal genes specifically activated by this host signal were sought. from a cdna library of the transcripts present in appressorium-forming conidia, the clones representing nongerminating conidia were removed by hybridization with cdnas synthesized from the nongerminating co ... | 1995 | 7770033 |
| a eukaryotic gene encoding an endonuclease that specifically repairs dna damaged by ultraviolet light. | many eukaryotic organisms, including humans, remove ultraviolet (uv) damage from their genomes by the nucleotide excision repair pathway, which requires more than 10 separate protein factors. however, no nucleotide excision repair pathway has been found in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. we have isolated a new eukaryotic dna repair gene from n.crassa by its ability to complement uv-sensitive escherichia coli cells. the gene is altered in a n.crassa mus-18 mutant and responsible for the ... | 1995 | 7774597 |
| isolation and identification of adenosine triphosphoribosyl nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidephosphate from azotobacter vinelandii. | a novel type of pyridine nucleotide, containing two adenosine triphosphate ribose residues rather than one, was isolated from azotobacter vinelandii strain o. the nucleotide was shown to be 2"- or 3"-(2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphosphoribosyl)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, in which 2'-phospho-5'-diphosphoadenosylribose was glycosidically linked to the nadp at position 2' or 3' of the nicotinamide mononucleotide moiety. the atpribosylnadp did not show coenzyme activity for yeast gluco ... | 1995 | 7775384 |
| molecular cloning and analysis of nre, the major nitrogen regulatory gene of penicillium chrysogenum. | we have isolated the penicillium chrysogenum nre gene which is homologous to the major nitrogen regulatory genes area from aspergillus nidulans and nit-2 from neurospora crassa. overall, nre shows 60% identity to area and 30% identity to nit-2 at the amino-acid level. the gene encodes a protein of 835 amino-acid residues and contains a single cys2/cys2-type zinc finger with an adjacent basic region and a putative acidic activation region. in the dna-binding domain, 98% of the amino-acid residues ... | 1995 | 7788718 |
| ectopic integration of transforming dna is rare among neurospora transformants selected for gene replacement. | in a variety of organisms, dna-mediated transformation experiments commonly produce transformants with multiple copies of the transforming dna, including both selected and unselected molecules. such "cotransformants" are much more common than expected from the individual transformation frequencies, suggesting that subpopulations of cells, or nuclei, are particularly competent for transformation. we found that neurospora crassa transformants selected for gene replacement at the am gene had not ef ... | 1995 | 7789758 |
| laccase component of the ceriporiopsis subvermispora lignin-degrading system. | laccase activity in the lignin-degrading fungus ceriporiopsis subvermispora was associated with several proteins in the broth of cultures grown in a defined medium. activity was not increased significantly by adding 2,5-xylidine or supplemental copper to the medium. higher activity, associated with two major isoenzymes, developed in cultures grown on a wheat bran medium. these two isoenzymes were purified to homogeneity. l1 and l2 had isoelectric points of 3.4 and 4.8, molecular masses of 71 and ... | 1995 | 7793921 |
| reconstitution of import-competent outer membrane vesicles from mammalian mitochondria. | protein insertion into mitochondrial outer membrane (om) vesicles isolated from neurospora crassa has recently been reported. the n. crassa om vesicles retained the features of the intact mitochondria concerning the dependency of insertion on the receptor protein [a. mayer et al. (1993) j. cell biol. 121, 1233-1243]. in this study, om vesicles were purified from bovine adrenal cortex mitochondria, and unilamellar proteoliposomes were reconstituted from om vesicles using heptyl beta-thioglucoside ... | 1994 | 7798173 |
| identification of yeast mas17 encoding the functional counterpart of the mitochondrial receptor complex protein mom22 of neurospora crassa. | mom22 of neurospora crassa was suggested to be required for the transfer of mitochondrial precursor proteins from the receptors to the protein translocation machinery. we isolated a yeast mutant the viability of which depended on the expression of the introduced n. crassa mom22 gene. the mutant cells showed defects in protein import into mitochondria when the cells were depleted of mom22. by screening for suppressor genes for the mutant, we could identify the yeast gene mas17 encoding the functi ... | 1995 | 7805891 |
| dna binding site specificity of the neurospora global nitrogen regulatory protein nit2: analysis with mutated binding sites. | nit2, a positive-acting regulatory protein in neurospora crassa, activates the expression of a series of unlinked structural genes that encode nitrogen catabolic enzymes. nit2 binding sites in the promoter regions of nit3, alc and lao have at least two gata sequence elements. we have examined the binding affinity of the nit2 protein for the yeast dal5 wild-type upstream activation sequence uasntr, which contains two gata elements, and for a series of mutated binding sites, each differing from th ... | 1994 | 7808401 |
| the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of ribosomal protein s26. | the nucleotide sequence of rps26, the gene encoding a homologue of ribosomal protein small subunit s26 in saccharomyces cerevisiae, was determined. the deduced amino-acid sequence showed significant identity with its counterparts from neurospora crassa, human, rat and arabidopsis thaliana. disruption of rps26 resulted in the formation of micro-colonies, suggesting that it is important for the normal cell growth of s. cerevisiae. | 1994 | 7821815 |
| characterization and expression of an antifungal zeamatin-like protein (zlp) gene from zea mays. | a cdna clone encoding a basic thaumatin-like protein of zea mays was recovered from a mid-development seed cdna library. the gene, zlp, encoded a protein that was nearly identical with maize zeamatin and alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor. expression of zlp mrna was highest in the endosperm tissue of seed 4 weeks after pollination. expression of zeamatin-like (zlp) protein correlated with mrna; also, a low basal level of zlp expression in leaf was not appreciably induced by abiotic stresses. zlp wa ... | 1994 | 7846159 |
| nitrogen regulation in fungi. | nitrogen regulation has been extensively studied in fungi revealing a complex array of interacting regulatory genes. the general characterisation of the systems in aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa shall be briefly described, but much of this paper will concentrate specifically on the recent molecular characterisation of area, the principle regulatory gene from a. nidulans which mediates nitrogen metabolite repression. three areas shall be explored in detail, firstly the dna binding dom ... | 1994 | 7847882 |
| light and developmental regulation of the gene con-10 of neurospora crassa. | the gene con-10 of neurospora crassa is expressed preferentially during conidiation and following illumination of vegetative mycelia with blue light. in this study we have examined the segmental locations of the genetic elements associated with con-10 that are responsible for light and developmental expression. a translational fusion was prepared between the initial segment of con-10 and escherichia coli lacz. deletions were then introduced into the con-10 upstream region associated with this tr ... | 1995 | 7851642 |
| triethylenemelamine: induction of specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of heterokaryon 12 of neurospora crassa. | the mutagenicity of the trifunctional alkylating (or cross-linking) agent tem (triethylenemelamine or 2,4,6-tris(1-aziridinyl)-1,3,5-triazine) in the adenine-3 (ad-3) region was studied with a two-component heterokaryon (h-12) of neurospora crassa. the objective was to characterize the genetic damage produced by this chemical to determine the spectrum of specific-locus mutations induced in a lower eukaryotic organism and to compare this spectrum with that induced in the mouse. specific-locus mut ... | 1995 | 7870102 |
| the function and specificity of the c-terminal tripeptide glyoxysomal targeting signal in neurospora crassa. | the function of the c-terminal tripeptide targeting signal responsible for microbody targeting in many eukaryotes has been investigated in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. using an in-vivo targeting assay that employs transformants carrying c-terminally-modified versions of the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat), it has been demonstrated that c-terminal tripeptide-dependent import occurs most efficiently in response to nutritional acetate-induction. under these con ... | 1994 | 7874736 |
| disruption of the cyclosporin synthetase gene of tolypocladium niveum. | cyclosporin a is a potent and clinically-important immunosuppressive drug (sandimmunr). it is produced by the fungus tolypocladium niveum. a transformation system for t. niveum atcc34921 based on hygromycin selection was established. in order to obtain a t. niveum promoter, the cyclophilin gene was isolated using the neurospora crassa gene as probe. a plasmid vector was constructed in which the promoter region of the t. niveum cyclophilin gene was fused to a bacterial hygromycin phosphotransfera ... | 1994 | 7874740 |
| a phosphate-repressible, high-affinity phosphate permease is encoded by the pho-5+ gene of neurospora crassa. | the pho-5+ gene of neurospora crassa, which encodes a high-affinity phosphate permease, has been cloned and analyzed. the deduced orf of 1707 nucleotides is interrupted by a single 63-nt intron and codes for a protein of 569 amino acids (aa). this aa sequence has 48% identity with the high-affinity phosphate transporter of saccharomyces cerevisiae, pho84. the pho-5 null mutants have no obvious phenotype. strains which contain a null mutation in pho-4, which encodes an additional high-affinity ph ... | 1995 | 7883177 |
| two nuclear-coded subunits of mitochondrial complex i are similar to different domains of a bacterial formate hydrogenlyase subunit. | a computer comparison of protein sequences revealed similarity between the 30.4 kda subunit of complex i from the fungus neurospora crassa and the orf5 subunit of formate hydrogenlyase from escherichia coli. the orf5 protein was previously known to be homologous to the 49 kda component of the mitochondrial enzyme. we show that the 30.4 kda corresponds to the n-terminal part while the 49 kda subunit corresponds to the c-terminal portion of the bacterial protein. thus, this bacterial protein repre ... | 1994 | 7890119 |
| molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of the protyrosinase gene, melo, from aspergillus oryzae and expression of the gene in yeast cells. | the coding region of the protyrosinase gene, melo, from aspergillus oryzae occupies 1671 base pairs of the genomic dna and is separated into two exons by one intron. the full-length cdna of the melo gene was cloned. analysis of the 1617 base pairs nucleotide sequence revealed a single open reading frame coding 539 amino acid residues. the cdna has been expressed in yeast cells. the predicted protein product derived from the melo gene is identified by western blotting and activity determination. ... | 1995 | 7893753 |
| ethylene oxide: induction of specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of heterokaryon 12 of neurospora crassa and implications for genetic risk assessment of human exposure in the workplace. | ethylene oxide (eto) is an important industrial intermediate used extensively in the production of ethylene glycol, as a fumigant, and as a sterilant of choice for various medical devices. the mutagenicity of eto was studied for the induction of specific-locus mutations in the adenine-3 (ad-3) region of a two-component heterokaryon (h-12) of neurospora crassa. the objectives of these studies with eto were to rank its mutagenic potency and to compare its mutational spectrum for induced specific-l ... | 1995 | 7898502 |
| molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis in neurospora crassa: biochemical characterization of pleiotropic molybdoenzyme mutants nit-7, nit-8, nit-9a, b and c. | available mutants of molybdenum cofactor (moco) biosynthesis of neurospora crassa were studied for converting factor activity and for in vitro molybdate repair of nitrate reductase (nr) activity. mutant nit-7 was found to contain an activity that fits the functional definition of converting factor activity in escherichia coli. its high molecular weight fraction converts a low molecular weight compound from nit-1 and nit-8 into biologically active molybdopterin (mpt). like nit-1, mutant nit-8 is ... | 1995 | 7899494 |
| the role of the nad-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in restoring growth on glucose of a saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphoglucose isomerase mutant. | phosphoglucose isomerase pgi1-deletion mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source and are even inhibited by glucose. these growth defects could be suppressed by an over-expression on a multi-copy plasmid of the structural gene gdh2 coding for the nad-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. gdh2 codes for a protein with 1092 amino acids which is located on chromosome xii and shows high sequence similarity to the neurospora crassa nad-glutamate dehydrogenase. s ... | 1993 | 7901008 |
| cloning and characterization of centromeric dna from neurospora crassa. | the centromere locus from linkage group vii of neurospora crassa has been cloned, characterized, and physically mapped. the centromeric dna is contained within a 450-kb region that is recombination deficient, a+t-rich, and contains repetitive sequences. repetitive sequences from within this region hybridize to a family of repeats located at or near centromeres in all seven linkage groups of n. crassa. genomic southern blots and sequence analysis of these repeats revealed a unique centromere stru ... | 1994 | 7904723 |
| a polyprotein precursor of two mitochondrial enzymes in neurospora crassa. gene structure and precursor processing. | n-acetylglutamate kinase (agk) and n-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (agpr) function as two separate mitochondrial enzymes, but are encoded by a single nuclear gene in several fungi. the neurospora crassa arg-6 gene encoding these enzymes has been cloned and sequenced, and the enzymes responsible for processing the polyprotein precursor have been identified. the 871-amino acid precursor contains a normal n-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence, an internal connecting region (approx ... | 1994 | 7907589 |
| structure and sequence of the calmodulin gene from neurospora crassa. | cdna and genomic clones of neurospora calmodulin were obtained by pcr. characterization revealed an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 149 amino acids, showing 85% identity to the human calmodulin protein sequence. comparison of the cdna and genomic sequence reveals the position of five introns, organized differently than is found in calmodulin genes from higher eukaryotes. | 1993 | 7916628 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of an h(+)-atpase-encoding gene from the human dimorphic pathogen histoplasma capsulatum. | a gene related to the pma1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from the pathogenic human dimorphic fungus, histoplasma capsulatum, using fungal-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide (oligo) probes. this gene has been given the name hc-pma1. the structural organization of hc-pma1 consists of three exons (375, 2329 and 44 bp) and two introns (115 and 116 bp). the nucleotide sequence predicts an h(+)-atpase-related protein of 916 amino acids (aa). comparison of the deduced aa sequence to th ... | 1993 | 7916725 |
| dna uptake stimulating protein from neurospora crassa enhances dna and oligonucleotide uptake also in mammalian cells. | the presence of the dna uptake stimulating protein (designated earlier as dusf by schablik and szabó (1981) fems microbiol. lett. 10, 395-397) was demonstrated on the surface of neurospora crassa (fgsc 1118, slime) fungal cells as well as on hep-2 and k562 human and f4n mouse tumor cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. dusf markedly enhanced the uptake of both macromolecular [3h]dna and of [3h]oligonucleotides by k562, hl-60 and also by dd human leukemia cells. polyclonal anti-dusf antibodies ... | 1994 | 7918627 |
| isolation and characterization of cdna and genomic promoter region for a heat shock protein 30 from aspergillus nidulans. | a cdna encoding for a heat shock protein 30 (hsp30) of aspergillus nidulans and the promoter region of its gene were analyzed for their primary structures. the promoter region had no heat shock element but possessed three inverted repeat sequences. northern blot hybridization indicated that the expression of the hsp30 gene was high at a normal temperature and was slightly accelerated at elevated temperatures in a. nidulans cells. although the deduced amino acid sequence of the a. nidulans hsp30 ... | 1994 | 7918658 |
| mitochondrial grpe is present in a complex with hsp70 and preproteins in transit across membranes. | we characterized a 24-kda protein associated with matrix hsp70 (mt-hsp70) of neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. by using specific antibodies, the protein was identified as mge, a mitochondrial homolog of the prokaryotic heat shock protein grpe. mge extracted from mitochondria was quantitatively bound to hsp70. it was efficiently released from hsp70 by the addition of mg-atp but not by nonhydrolyzable atp analogs or high salt. a mutant mt-hsp70, which was impaired in rel ... | 1994 | 7935381 |
| cloning and characterization of a neurospora crassa gene required for (1,3) beta-glucan synthase activity and cell wall formation. | the glucan synthase 1 gene (gs-1) is required for (1,3) beta-glucan synthase activity [e.c. 2.4.1.34; udp glucose:1,3-beta-d-glucan 3-beta-d-glucosyltransferase] and for cell wall formation. the gs-1 gene was cloned by functional complementation of the cell-wall-less defect of the (1,3) beta-glucan synthase-deficient mutant, tm1, by using a genomic neurospora crassa cosmid library. a 2568-nucleotide gs-1 cdna sequence revealed a 532-amino acid open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 59 kda. ... | 1994 | 7937796 |
| dna photolyase from the fungus neurospora crassa. purification, characterization and comparison with other photolyases. | a phr-gene from the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa was overexpressed in escherichia coli cells, yielding a biologically active photolyase. after purification till apparent homogeneity, the 66 kda protein was found to contain equimolar amounts of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolic acid (mthf) and fad, classifying it as an mthf-type photolyase. compared to other mthf photolyases the absorption maximum of neurospora photolyase is shifted from ca 380 nm to 391 nm (epsilon = 34,800), while an additio ... | 1994 | 7938208 |
| nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase in obligate aerobic yeasts. | the strictly aerobic yeasts candida pinus, cryptococcus albidus, rhodotorula minuta, rhodotorula mucilaginosa and trichosporon beigelii possess mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenases with significant features of the nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). these species show in all growth phases and under standard cultivation conditions, nadh dehydrogenases of approximately 700 kda, which are sensitive to rotenone, a specific inhibitor of this complex. identical results were obtained with the weak ... | 1994 | 7941733 |
| characterization of chitin synthase from botrytis cinerea. | chitin synthase in a microsomal preparation from botrytis cinerea had an apparent km for udp-n-acetylglucosamine of 2.0 mm while nikkomycin z and polyoxin d inhibited enzyme activity competitively with apparent ki values of approximately 0.1 microm and 6 microm respectively. the organophosphorus fungicide edifenphos was a non-competitive inhibitor (ki(app) 54 microm). preincubation of microsomes for 2 h at 25 degrees c resulted in a maximum twofold stimulation of chitin synthase activity while p ... | 1994 | 7952170 |
| a cosmid with a hyr marker for fungal library construction and screening. | the construction of a double-cos-site cosmid vector, pmocosx, for use in making filamentous fungal genomic dna libraries, is described. the vector has features that allow for selection of clones introduced into fungi by transformation and for efficient chromosome walking experiments. these features include (i) two cos sites allowing for easy construction of libraries without requiring size selection of insert dna; (ii) an xhoi site for insertion of sau3ai or mboi partially digested genomic dna i ... | 1994 | 7959044 |
| pulsed growth of fungal hyphal tips. | somatic fungal hyphae are generally assumed to elongate at steady linear rates when grown under constant environmental conditions with ample nutrients. however, patterns of pulsed hyphal elongation were detected during apparent steady growth of hyphal tips in fungi from several major taxonomic groups (oomycetes, pythium aphanidermatum and saprolegnia ferax; zygomycetes, gilbertella persicaria; deuteromycetes, trichoderma viride; ascomycetes, neurospora crassa and fusarium culmorum; basidiomycete ... | 1994 | 7991610 |
| interaction of phlorizin, a potent inhibitor of the na+/d-glucose cotransporter, with the nadph-binding site of mammalian catalases. | phlorizin is a reversible inhibitor of the renal and small intestinal na+/d-glucose cotransporter. in an attempt to purify the na+/d-glucose cotransporter from a pig kidney brush border membrane fraction, we used an affi-gel affinity chromatography column to which 3-aminophlorizin had been coupled. a protein, composed according to crosslinking experiments of at least 3 subunits of molecular weight 60 kda, was found to bind specifically to the phlorizin column. this protein was subsequently ident ... | 1994 | 8003987 |
| the characterization of a mitochondrial acyl carrier protein isoform isolated from arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna clone was isolated from an arabidopsis leaf cdna library that shared a high degree of protein sequence identity with mitochondrial acyl carrier proteins (mtacps) isolated from neurospora crassa and bovine heart muscle. the cdna encoded an 88-amino acid mature protein that was preceded by a putative 35-amino acid presequence. in vitro protein import studies have confirmed that the presequence specifically targets this protein into pea mitochondria but not into chloroplasts. these studies i ... | 1994 | 8016262 |
| high yield expression of the neurospora crassa plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a simple system for high yield expression of the neurospora plasma membrane h(+)-atpase is described. two neurospora h(+)-atpase cdnas differing only in a few bases preceding the coding region were cloned into a high copy number yeast expression vector under the control of the constitutive promoter of the yeast plasma membrane h(+)-atpase, and the resulting plasmids were used to transform saccharomyces cerevisiae strain rs-72, which requires a plasmid-borne functional plasma membrane h(+)-atpase ... | 1994 | 8021283 |
| atp synthase of yeast mitochondria. isolation of the f1 delta subunit, sequence and disruption of the structural gene. | the delta-subunit was isolated from the purified yeast f1. partial protein sequences were determined by direct methods. from this information, degenerated primers were constructed. a part of the atp delta gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from yeast genomic dna. from the amplified dna sequence, a nondegenerated oligonucleotide probe was constructed to isolate a 2.6-kbp bamhi-ecori dna fragment bearing the whole gene. a 1036-bp drai fragment was sequenced. a 480-bp open reading fram ... | 1994 | 8026496 |
| efficient independent activity of a monomeric, monofunctional dehydroquinate synthase derived from the n-terminus of the pentafunctional arom protein of aspergillus nidulans. | the dehydroquinate synthase (dhq synthase) functional domain from the pentafunctional arom protein of aspergillus nidulans has previously been overproduced in escherichia coli [van den hombergh, moore, charles and hawkins (1992) biochem j. 284, 861-867]. we now report the purification of this domain to homogeneity and subsequent characterization. the monofunctional dhq synthase was found to retain efficient catalytic activity when compared with the intact pentafunctional arom protein of neurospo ... | 1994 | 8037684 |
| cell-surface receptors for gibbon ape leukemia virus and amphotropic murine retrovirus are inducible sodium-dependent phosphate symporters. | cell surface receptors for gibbon ape leukemia virus (glvr-1) and murine amphotropic retrovirus (ram-1) are distinct but related proteins having multiple membrane-spanning regions. distant homology with a putative phosphate permease of neurospora crassa suggested that these receptors might serve transport functions. by expression in xenopus laevis oocytes and in mammalian cells, we have identified glvr-1 and ram-1 as sodium-dependent phosphate symporters. two-electrode voltage-clamp analysis ind ... | 1994 | 8041748 |
| cloning and characterization of the pepe gene of aspergillus niger encoding a new aspartic protease and regulation of pepe and pepc. | we have cloned the pepe gene of aspergillus niger, encoding an aspartic protease (pepe), by screening a lambda genomic dna library with a heterologous probe, the neurospora crassa gene coding for a vacuolar proteinase. sequencing of pepe genomic and cdna clones revealed that the gene contains three introns, which are 91, 56 and 58-bp long. the deduced protein consists of 398 amino acids, has a putative signal sequence to allow transport into the endoplasmic reticulum and probably undergoes a sec ... | 1994 | 8056328 |
| isolation, sequence, and characterization of the cercospora nicotianae phytoene dehydrogenase gene. | we have cloned and sequenced the cercospora nicotianae gene for the carotenoid biosynthetic enzyme phytoene dehydrogenase. analysis of the derived amino acid sequence revealed it has greater than 50% identity with its counterpart in neurospora crassa and approximately 30% identity with prokaryotic phytoene dehydrogenases and is related, but more distantly, to phytoene dehydrogenases from plants and cyanobacteria. our analysis confirms that phytoene dehydrogenase proteins fall into two groups: th ... | 1994 | 8085820 |
| functional analyses of the neurospora crassa mt a-1 mating type polypeptide. | the neurospora crassa mt a-1 gene, encoding the mt a-1 polypeptide, determines a mating type properties: sexual compatibility and vegetative incompatibility with a mating type. we characterized in vivo and in vitro functions of the mt a-1 polypeptide and specific mutant derivatives. mt a-1 polypeptide produced in escherichia coli bound to specific dna sequences whose core was 5'-ctttg-3'. dna binding was a function of the mt a-1 hmg box domain (a dna binding motif found in high mobility group pr ... | 1994 | 8088517 |
| superoxide dismutase (sod-1) null mutants of neurospora crassa: oxidative stress sensitivity, spontaneous mutation rate and response to mutagens. | enzymatic superoxide-dismutase activity is believed to be important in defense against the toxic effects of superoxide. although superoxide dismutases are among the best studied proteins, numerous questions remain concerning the specific biological roles of the various superoxide-dismutase types. in part, this is because the proposed damaging effects of superoxide are manifold, ranging from inactivation of certain metabolic enzymes to dna damage. studies with superoxide-deficient mutants have pr ... | 1994 | 8088518 |
| pcr-based cloning of the full-length neurospora eukaryotic initiation factor 5a cdna: polyhistidine-tagging and overexpression for protein affinity binding. | eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eif-5a) is the only cellular protein known to contain a hypusine residue that is formed by transferring the aminobutyl moiety from spermidine to a specific lysine residue, followed by hydroxylation at the aminobutyl group. a simple pcr-based strategy was developed to obtain a full-length cdna of neurospora crassa eif-5a. the strategy consists of (i) the design of a pair of key primers (21-mer) based on the highly conserved eif-5a cdna domains known in other speci ... | 1994 | 8093005 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of nit-6, the structural gene for nitrite reductase in neurospora crassa. | the neurospora crassa assimilatory nitrite reductase structural gene, nit-6, has been isolated. a cdna library was constructed from poly(a)+ rna isolated from neurospora mycelia in which nitrate assimilation had been induced. this cdna was ligated into lambda zap ii (stratagene) and amplified. this library was then screened with a polyclonal antibody specific for nitrite reductase. a total of six positive clones were identified. three of the six clones were found to be identical via restriction ... | 1993 | 8096840 |
| the neurospora uvs-2 gene encodes a protein which has homology to yeast rad18, with unique zinc finger motifs. | a clone containing the dna repair gene uvs-2 of neurospora crassa was identified from a neurospora genomic dna library using the sib-selection method. transformants were screened for resistance to methyl methane sulfonate (mms). a dna fragment that complements the uvs-2 mutation was subcloned by monitoring its ability to transform the uvs-2 mutant to mms resistance. deletion analysis of the cloned dna indicated that the size of the uvs-2 gene is approximately 1.6 kb. the identity of the uvs-2 ge ... | 1993 | 8097557 |
| characterization of the mitochondrial processing peptidase of neurospora crassa. | the mitochondrial processing peptidase (mpp) of neurospora crassa is constituted by an alpha- and a beta-subunit. we have purified alpha-mpp after expression in escherichia coli while beta-mpp was purified from mitochondria. a fusion protein between precytochrome b2 and mouse dihydrofolate reductase was expressed in e. coli, and the purified protein was used as substrate for mpp. both subunits of mpp are required for processing. mpp removes the matrix targeting signal of cytochrome b2 by a singl ... | 1994 | 8106471 |
| cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from trichosporon cutaneum: evidence for a novel class of cycloisomerases in eucaryotes. | the absolute stereochemical courses of cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (mle;ec 5.5.1.1) from trichosporon cutaneum (tcmle) and chloromuconate cycloisomerase (mle ii; ec 5.5.1.7) from pseudomonas sp b13 have been determined from 1h nmr measurements. both cycloisomerases convert cis,cis-muconate to (4s)-muconolactone by a syn lactonization, the absolute stereochemical outcome of which is identical to that observed with mle from pseudomonas putida. the regiochemical courses of cyclization of 3- ... | 1994 | 8110801 |
| small lipid-soluble cations are not membrane voltage probes for neurospora or saccharomyces. | small lipid-soluble cations, such as tetraphenylphosphonium (tpp+) and tetraphenylarsonium (tpa+) are frequently used as probes of membrane voltage (delta psi, or vm) for small animal cells, organelles, and vesicles. because much controversy has accompanied corresponding measurements on 'walled' eukaryotic cells (plants, fungi), we studied their transport and relation to vm in the large-celled fungus neurospora crassa-where vm can readily be determined with microelectrodes-as well as in the most ... | 1994 | 8110820 |
| a novel carotenoid biosynthesis gene coding for zeta-carotene desaturase: functional expression, sequence and phylogenetic origin. | a dna fragment which has been isolated previously from an anabaena dna expression library was subcloned. the corresponding protein was overexpressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant enzyme was fully active in converting zeta-carotene into lycopene in vitro with neurosporene as an intermediate. a smaller fragment which still contained the active enzyme was sequenced. an open reading frame of 1497 bp was found coding for a protein consisting of 499 amino acids with the calculated molecular wei ... | 1994 | 8111038 |
| disruption of the gene encoding the nadh-binding subunit of nadh: ubiquinone oxidoreductase in neurospora crassa. formation of a partially assembled enzyme without fmn and the iron-sulphur cluster n-3. | in this study, the gene of the 51-kda nadh-binding subunit of the mitochondrial nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) in neurospora crassa was inactivated by homologous replacement with a defective gene copy. the resulting mutant, nuo51, lacks the 51-kda subunit and shows no complex i activity but still grows at one third of the wild-type growth rate. the enzyme activity of the alternative nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase(s) is increased twofold while the activities of the other mitochondrial ... | 1994 | 8125114 |
| pisatin resistance in dictyostelium discoideum and neurospora crassa: comparison of mutant phenotypes. | the pea phytoalexin pisatin, at its inhibitory concentration, was shown to have two distinct inhibitory effects on amoebae of the cellular slime mould dictyostelium discoideum. one effect was cytolytic and was demonstrable even in non-growing cells whereas the second effect was observed only under conditions favourable to growth. pretreatment with a sublethal concentration of pisatin induced the amoebae to acquire resistance to both these effects. mutations in nysc that alter membrane sterols an ... | 1993 | 8126430 |
| at least three genes are responsible for benomyl-resistance in metarhizium anisopliae. | four benomyl-resistant mutants isolated from metarhizium anisopliae were 10 to 500 times more resistant than the original mt strain. the resistance markers analysed in three of these mutants were due to three different mutations and no additive effect of these genes was observed in double mutants. the four mutants presented normal conidiation in the presence or absence of benomyl and no sensitivity or resistance to temperature. probably m. anisopliae has a mechanism of benomyl resistance differi ... | 1994 | 8127229 |
| molybdenum(vi) salts convert the xanthine oxidoreductase apoprotein into the active enzyme in mouse l929 fibroblastic cells. | the mouse l929 fibroblastic cell line presents low, but detectable, levels of the mrna encoding xanthine oxidoreductase under basal conditions, and it responds to type i and type ii interferons by inducing the expression of the transcript [falciani, ghezzi, terao, cazzaniga, and garattini (1992) biochem. j. 285, 1001-1008]. this cell line, however, does not show any detectable amount of xanthine oxidoreductase enzymic activity, either before or after treatment with the cytokines. molybdenum(vi) ... | 1994 | 8129733 |
| 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from neurospora crassa: an alternate cycloisomerase motif. | 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (cmle; ec 5.5.1.5) from neurospora crassa catalyzes the reversible gamma-lactonization of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate by a syn-1,2 addition-elimination reaction. the stereochemical and regiochemical course of the reaction is (i) opposite that of cmle from pseudomonas putida (ec 5.5.1.2) and (ii) identical to that of cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (mle; ec 5.5.1.1) from p. putida. in order to determine the mechanistic and evolutionary relationship ... | 1994 | 8132467 |
| similarities between a soybean nodulin, neurospora crassa sulphate permease ii and a putative human tumour suppressor. | | 1994 | 8140616 |
| the search for the right partner: homologous pairing and dna strand exchange proteins in eukaryotes. | finding the right partner is a central problem in homologous recombination. common to all models for general recombination is a homologous pairing and dna strand exchange step. in prokaryotes this process has mainly been studied with the reca protein of escherichia coli. two approaches have been used to find homologous pairing and dna strand exchange proteins in eukaryotes. a biochemical approach has resulted in numerous proteins from various organisms. almost all of these proteins are biochemic ... | 1994 | 8143796 |
| homologs of the yeast neck filament associated genes: isolation and sequence analysis of candida albicans cdc3 and cdc10. | morphogenesis in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae consists primarily of bud formation. certain cell division cycle (cdc) genes, cdc3, cdc10, cdc11, cdc12, are known to be involved in events critical to the pattern of bud growth and the completion of cytokinesis. their products are associated with the formation of a ring of neck filaments that forms at the region of the mother cell-bud junction during mitosis. morphogenesis in candida albicans, a major fungal pathogen of humans, consists of bot ... | 1994 | 8152419 |
| a series of yeast/escherichia coli lambda expression vectors designed for directional cloning of cdnas and cre/lox-mediated plasmid excision. | a series of saccharomyces cerevisiae/escherichia coli lambda/plasmid expression vectors have been constructed which allow easy excision of the plasmid sequences from lambda. features of six are described, and two designated lambda pg15 and lambda ad5, are characterized in detail. transcription of cloned sequences is controlled by the alternative promoters, adh2, pgk, gal10 and sv40 early, and by the cyc1 transcriptional terminator. unique ecori and xhoi restriction sites in the intervening polyl ... | 1993 | 8154182 |
| specific recognition of mitochondrial preproteins by the cytosolic domain of the import receptor mom72. | the import receptor mom72 constitutes part of the protein translocation machinery of the outer mitochondrial membrane, the receptor-general insertion pore complex. the protein contains a membrane anchor at the nh2 terminus and a large cytosolic domain. in yeast and neurospora crassa the cytosolic domain comprises about 570-580 amino acid residues. the cytosolic domain of yeast mom72 was purified after expression in escherichia coli as a homogeneous monomeric protein. it can recognize precursor p ... | 1994 | 8163488 |
| in organello assembly of respiratory-chain complex i: primary structure of the 14.8 kda subunit of neurospora crassa complex i. | a cdna encoding the 14.8 kda subunit of complex i from neurospora crassa was cloned and sequenced. the deduced primary structure of this subunit reveals a predominantly hydrophilic protein containing no obvious membrane-spanning domain. in agreement with this characteristic, we have localized the 14.8 kda subunit in the peripheral arm of the enzyme. the 14.8 kda subunit was found to be conserved in mammalian complex i. the conservation of this subunit in such distantly related organisms suggests ... | 1994 | 8166654 |
| characterization of a 3-dehydroquinase gene from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae with homology to the eukaryotic genes qa-2 and qute. | a gene was cloned from actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain 4074 by complementation of an arod strain of escherichia coli. the e. coli gene arod codes for a 3-dehydroquinase enzyme of type i, active in the aromatic biosynthesis pathway. the a. pleuropneumoniae gene, termed aroq, displays no base or amino acid sequence homology to arod of e. coli. it is instead homologous to the qute and qa-2 genes, respectively of aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa. these genes code for 3-dehydroquinas ... | 1994 | 8170389 |
| on the structure of mitochondrial porins and its homologies with bacterial porins. | by use of computer modelling, we have predicted a model of 16 transmembrane beta-strands for mitochondrial porins structure from human, saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa and dictyostelium discoideum. the proposed model takes into account biochemical and immunological data reported in the literature, as well as electrophysiological results obtained with yeast mitochondrial porins with mutations at selected amino acids. the predicted structure is very similar to that of some bacterial po ... | 1994 | 8179626 |
| genetic risk assessment and specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of neurospora crassa. | data from experiments on the induction of specific-locus mutations in model systems are used in genetic risk assessment to estimate potential adverse effects in the human population. in such assessments with radiation or chemical mutagens, the following information is required: a) spontaneous and induced forward-mutation frequencies, b) dose-response curves for the overall induction of specific-locus mutations, c) genetic characterization of spontaneous and induced mutations, and d) dose-respons ... | 1994 | 8187730 |
| intergeneric complementation of a circadian rhythmicity defect: phylogenetic conservation of structure and function of the clock gene frequency. | the neurospora crassa frequency locus encodes a 989 amino acid protein that is a central component, a state variable, of the circadian biological clock. we have determined the sequence of all or part of this protein and surrounding regulatory regions from additional fungi representing three genera and report that there is distinct, preferential conservation of the frequency open reading frame (orf) as compared with non-coding sequences. within the coding region, many of the domain hallmarks of t ... | 1994 | 8194516 |
| preproteins of chloroplast envelope inner membrane contain targeting information for receptor-dependent import into fungal mitochondria. | the amino-terminal transit sequences of two preproteins destined for the chloroplast inner envelope membrane show similarities to mitochondrial presequences in the prevalence of positive charges and the potential formation of an amphipathic alpha-helix. we studied if these preproteins could be imported into mitochondria and found a low, yet significant import into isolated plant mitochondria. the plant mitochondria were previously shown not to import precursors of chloroplast stromal or thylakoi ... | 1994 | 8206957 |
| functional cooperation of mitochondrial protein import receptors in yeast. | we have identified a 20 kda yeast mitochondrial outer membrane protein (termed mas20) which appears to function as a protein import receptor. we cloned, sequenced and physically mapped the mas20 gene and found that the protein is homologous to the mom19 import receptor from neurospora crassa. mas20 and mom19 contain the sequence motif f-x-k-a-l-x-v/l, which is repeated several times with minor variations in the mas70/mom72 receptors. to determine how mas20 functions together with the previously ... | 1993 | 8223428 |
| higher plant mitochondria encode an homologue of the nuclear-encoded 30-kda subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex i. | we describe the structure and expression of a wheat mitochondrial gene, which codes for a subunit of mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase. the deduced protein sequence has 70% similarity to the 30-kda subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex i and 65% similarity to the 31-kda subunit of neurospora crassa complex i, components of the iron-sulfur-protein fraction, both nuclear-encoded proteins. we named this wheat mitochondrial gene as nad9. the wheat nad9 gene is transcribed in a single mrna of 0.9 kb ... | 1993 | 8223639 |
| identification of the heat shock protein of neurospora crassa corresponding to the stress-inducible peroxidase. | heat shock and other stress treatments, resulting in thermotolerance in neurospora crassa cells, stimulate the induction of a peroxidase at a high level. the putative gene encoding this heat shock-induced peroxidase (hspp) has been cloned, using a cdna clone of the manganese peroxidase of phanerochaete chrysosporium, as a probe. northern blot analysis of total rna from heat-shocked cell showed the stress-dependent accumulation of a approximately 10 kb transcript. the identity of the hsp, corresp ... | 1993 | 8240345 |
| de novo methylation of repeated sequences in coprinus cinereus. | we have examined the stability of duplicated dna sequences in the sexual phase of the life cycle of the basidiomycete fungus, coprinus cinereus. we observed premeiotic de novo methylation in haploid nuclei containing either a triplication, a tandem duplication, or an ectopic duplication. methylation changes were not observed in unique sequences. repeated sequences underwent methylation changes during the dikaryotic stage. in one cross, 27% of the segregants exhibited methylation-directed gene in ... | 1993 | 8244000 |
| the sugar beet mitochondrial genome contains an orf sharing sequence homology with the gene for the 30 kda subunit of bovine mitochondrial complex i. | from a sugar beet mitochondrial dna library, we have isolated an open reading frame (orf192) showing extensive homology to the gene for the 30 kda subunit of the bovine mitochondrial complex i (nadh: ubiquinone reductase). the orf192 was found to be actively transcribed to give an rna of approximately 1.0 kb. we have designated this gene nad9. transcripts from the nad9 locus are edited by five c to u transitions, increasing similarity with the amino acid sequence of the corresponding bovine and ... | 1993 | 8246903 |
| characterization of the 3-dehydroquinase domain of the pentafunctional arom protein, and the quinate dehydrogenase from aspergillus nidulans, and the overproduction of the type ii 3-dehydroquinase from neurospora crassa. | the arom protein of aspergillus nidulans is a multidomain pentafunctional polypeptide that is active as a dimer and catalyses steps 2-6 in the prechorismate section of the shikimate pathway. the three c-terminal domains (including the type i 3-dehydroquinase) of the arom protein are homologous with the qutr-encoded qutr protein that represses transcription of the eight genes comprising the quinic acid utilization (qut) gene cluster, and the two n-terminal domains are homologous with the quta-enc ... | 1993 | 8257437 |
| higher-plant cofactor-independent phosphoglyceromutase: purification, molecular characterization and expression. | cofactor-independent phosphoglyceromutase (pgm) was purified to homogeneity from developing castor seed endosperm. immunological characterization using monospecific antisera raised against this protein indicates that the enzyme is located in the cytosol and that there is no immunologically related polypeptide in the leucoplast from this tissue. isolation and sequence determination of full-length cdna clones for castor and tobacco pgm demonstrate that the protein is highly conserved in these plan ... | 1993 | 8260624 |
| effect of site-directed mutagenesis of conserved aspartate and arginine residues upon farnesyl diphosphate synthase activity. | all polyprenyl synthases catalyze the condensation of the allylic substrate, isopentenyl diphosphate, with a specific homoallylic diphosphate substrate. polyprenyl synthases from homo sapiens, ratus rattus, escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa, and erwinia herbicola contain two conserved "aspartate-rich domains" (ashby, m.n., and edwards, p.a. (1992) j. biol. chem. 267, 4128-4136). in order to determine the importance of these domains in catalysis, the conserved aspartat ... | 1993 | 8262934 |
| pas10 is a tetratricopeptide-repeat protein that is essential for the import of most matrix proteins into peroxisomes of saccharomyces cerevisiae. | pas mutants of saccharomyces cerevisiae are disturbed in peroxisome assembly (pas) and proliferation. here we report the characterization of the pas10 gene and its product (pas10) that is essential for the import of a large subset of proteins into the peroxisomal matrix. pas10, a protein of 69 kda, is a member of the tetratricopeptide repeat, or snap helix, protein family, characterized by several direct repeats of a degenerate 34-amino acid motif (sikorski, r. s., boguski, m. s., goebl, m. & hi ... | 1993 | 8265627 |
| an escherichia coli gene showing a potential ancestral relationship to the genes for the mitochondrial import site proteins isp42 and mom38. | an orf (orft) of 1911 base pairs, upstream of the hip operon in escherichia coli at map position 33.82 has been identified. the protein encoded by this sequence is predicted to have a molecular mass of 68,249 da and the carboxyterminal 276 residues shows 26.8% and 25.4% identity with the import site proteins isp42 and mom38 from the mitochondrial outer membrane of saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa, respectively. these mitochondrial membrane proteins have been shown to be essential c ... | 1993 | 8274505 |
| cloning and characterisation of the cytochrome c gene of aspergillus nidulans. | the cytochrome c gene (cyca) of the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has been isolated and sequenced. the gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome and encodes a polypeptide of 112 amino acid residues. the nucleotide sequence of the a. nidulans cyca gene shows 87% identity to the dna sequence of the neurospora crassa cytochrome c gene, and approximately 72% identity to the sequence of the saccharomyces cerevisiae iso-1-cytochrome c gene (cyc1). the s. cerevisiae cyc1 gene was us ... | 1994 | 8277943 |
| the leu-1 gene of neurospora crassa: nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence comparisons. | the neurospora crassa leu-1 gene encodes beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (ipmdh; ec 1.1.1.85), an enzyme in the leucine biosynthetic pathway. we determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire leu-1 gene and of four independent cdna clones. by comparing the genomic and cdna sequences, four introns were identified in the 5' portion of the gene and a single open reading frame was established. one of the introns is located within the 5'-noncoding region of the transcript. the deduced amino acid ... | 1993 | 8294021 |
| genesis of eukaryotic transcriptional activator and repressor proteins by splitting a multidomain anabolic enzyme. | the genes necessary for the correctly regulated catabolism of quinate in aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa are controlled at the level of transcription by a dna-binding activator protein and a repressor protein that directly interact with one another. the repressor protein is homologous throughout its length with the three c-terminal domains of a pentafunctional enzyme catalysing five consecutive steps in the related anabolic shikimate pathway. we now report that the activator protein i ... | 1993 | 8294040 |
| purification of the nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) of the respiratory chain from the inner mitochondrial membrane of solanum tuberosum. | the plant nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (or complex i) was isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum) mitochondria. the multisubunit enzyme was solubilized with detergents, triton x-100 and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chaps), out of the inner mitochondrial membranes and purified by hydroxylapatite and gel filtration chromatography. the preparation was found to be virtually free of any atpase or transhydrogenase contamination. complex i of potato is composed of at le ... | 1994 | 8294484 |
| the alkane-inducible candida maltosa ali1 gene product is an nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit homologue. | the ali1 gene product in candida maltosa was previously shown to be essential for n-alkane assimilation, possibly as a transcription factor [hwang et al., gene 106 (1991) 61-69]. we show that the predicted sequence is highly homologous to a subunit of respiratory complex i from another fungus, neurospora crassa, and from bos taurus. the predicted protein contains a motif conserved in this subunit from mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria. it also contains an n-terminal sequence that suggests ... | 1993 | 8299970 |