Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the control of mating type heterokaryon incompatibility by vib-1, a locus involved in het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in neurospora crassa. | the mating-type (mat) locus of neurospora crassa has a dual function. it is required for mating during sexual development, but it also mediates heterokaryon incompatibility following hyphal fusion during vegetative growth. previously, it was determined that mutations in vib-1, which encodes a putative transcriptional regulator, suppress het-c heterokaryon incompatibility. this study showed that mutations in vib-1 suppress mat heterokaryon incompatibility in a/a partial diploids; suppression in ( ... | 2004 | 15531211 |
| chitosan as a macroaffinity ligand purification of chitinases by affinity precipitation and aqueous two-phase extractions. | (1) chitosan was found to be a suitable macroaffinity ligand for affinity precipitation of chitinase from neurospora crassa, cabbage and puffballs. (2) the activity recoveries of 85, 82 and 90% with concomitant fold purifications in terms of specific activities were 27, 15 and 30 with n. crassa, cabbage and puffballs and were obtained with affinity precipitation. these results were obtained with clarified extracts/homogenates as the starting materials. (3) the incorporation of chitosan in poly(e ... | 2004 | 15527124 |
| time-lapse analysis of the circadian rhythms of conidiation and growth rate in neurospora. | the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa has frequently served as a model organism for the study of circadian rhythms through its ability to form conidial spores on a daily basis. this phenomenon leaves a spatial pattern of conidiation bands along a solid surface of agar after several days of growth. using time-lapse video, the authors have quantified the rate of conidiation. they have found that conidia do not form at a specified lag time after the growth front is laid down, but rather the band ... | 2004 | 15523111 |
| characterization of pco-1, a newly identified gene which regulates purine catabolism in neurospora. | a new gene of neurospora crassa, designated pco-1, was characterized and shown to regulate the expression of several genes which encode enzymes required for the catabolism of purines. unlike the wild type, a pco-1 mutant created by repeat-induced point mutation cannot utilize purines as a nitrogen source. the pco1 protein contains a zn(ii)2cys6 binuclear cluster motif near its n-terminus, followed by a putative coiled-coil motif. a chemical crosslinking experiment demonstrated that pco1 forms ho ... | 2004 | 15378267 |
| a two variable delay model for the circadian rhythm of neurospora crassa. | a two variable model with delay in both the variables, is proposed for the circadian oscillations of protein concentrations in the fungal species neurospora crassa. the dynamical variables chosen are the concentrations of frq and wc-1 proteins. our model is a two variable simplification of the detailed model of smolen et al. (j. neurosci. 21 (2001) 6644) modeling circadian oscillations with interlocking positive and negative feedback loops, containing 23 variables. in our model, as in the case o ... | 2004 | 15363927 |
| unusual cys-tyr covalent bond in a large catalase. | catalase-1, one of four catalase activities of neurospora crassa, is associated with non-growing cells and accumulates in asexual spores. it is a large, tetrameric, highly efficient, and durable enzyme that is active even at molar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. catalase-1 is oxidized at the heme by singlet oxygen without significant effects on enzyme activity. here we present the crystal structure of catalase-1 at 1.75a resolution. compared to structures of other catalases of the large cla ... | 2004 | 15342250 |
| gfp as a tool to analyze the organization, dynamics and function of nuclei and microtubules in neurospora crassa. | we report the construction of a versatile gfp expression plasmid and demonstrate its utility in neurospora crassa. to visualize nuclei and microtubules, we generated carboxy-terminal fusions of sgfp to neurospora histone h1 (hh1) and beta-tubulin (bml). strong expression of gfp fusion proteins was achieved with the inducible neurospora ccg-1 promoter. nuclear and microtubule organization and dynamics were observed in live vegetative hyphae, developing asci, and ascospores by conventional and con ... | 2004 | 15341912 |
| rip: the evolutionary cost of genome defense. | repeat-induced point mutation (rip) is a homology-based process that mutates repetitive dna and frequently leads to epigenetic silencing of the mutated sequences through dna methylation. consistent with the hypothesis that rip serves to control selfish dna, an analysis of the neurospora crassa genome sequence reveals a complete absence of intact mobile elements. as in most eukaryotes, the centromeric regions of n. crassa are rich in sequences that are related to transposable elements; however, i ... | 2004 | 15313550 |
| rnai-dependent and rnai-independent mechanisms contribute to the silencing of riped sequences in neurospora crassa. | rna interference (rnai) can silence genes at the transcriptional level by targeting locus-specific lys9h3 methylation or at the post-transcriptional level by targeting mrna degradation. here we have cloned and sequenced genomic regions methylated in lys9h3 in neurospora crassa to test the requirements for components of the rnai pathway in this modification. we find that 90% of clones map to repeated sequences and relics of transposons that have undergone repeat-induced point mutations (rip). we ... | 2004 | 15302921 |
| key differences between lateral and apical branching in hyphae of neurospora crassa. | we examined in fine detail growth kinetics and intracellular events during lateral and apical branching in hyphae of neurospora crassa. by high-resolution video-enhanced light microscopy, we found remarkable differences in the events preceding lateral vs apical branching. while apical branching involved a significant disturbance in the apical growth of the parental hypha, lateral branching occurred without any detectable alterations in the growth of the parental hypha. prior to the emergence of ... | 2004 | 15288020 |
| interaction of mushroom tyrosinase with aromatic amines, o-diamines and o-aminophenols. | 3-amino-l-tyrosine was found to be a substrate of mushroom tyrosinase, contrary to what had previously been reported in the literature. a series of amino derivatives of benzoic acid were tested as substrates and inhibitors of the enzyme. 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-amino-3-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid were oxidized by this enzyme, as previously reported for neurospora crassa tyrosinase, but 4-aminobenzoic acid and 3-aminobenzoic acid were not. interestingly, 3-amino-4-hyd ... | 2004 | 15279888 |
| photomorphogenesis in the hypogeous fungus tuber borchii: isolation and characterization of tbwc-1, the homologue of the blue-light photoreceptor of neurospora crassa. | truffles form a group of plant-symbiotic ascomycetes whose hypogeous life cycle is poorly understood. here we present initial evidence for the influence of light on tuber borchii mycelial growth and the identification and cloning of a gene, tbwc-1, homologous to a blue-light photoreceptor of neurospora crassa. blue-light irradiation of t. borchii colonies inhibits their apical growth. it also alters apical growth in n. crassa. in neurospora, the response is controlled by a nuclear photoreceptor, ... | 2004 | 15275664 |
| a nitrate-induced frq-less oscillator in neurospora crassa. | when nitrate is the only nitrogen source, neurospora crassa's nitrate reductase (nr) shows endogenous oscillations in its nitrate reductase activity (nra) on a circadian time scale. these nra oscillations can be observed in darkness or continuous light conditions and also in a frq(9) mutant in which no functional frq protein is formed. even in a white-collar-1 knockout mutant, nra oscillations have been observed, although with a highly reduced amplitude. this indicates that the nra oscillations ... | 2004 | 15245647 |
| the wild-type circadian period of neurospora is encoded in the residual network of the null frq mutants. | we model theoretically the response of the widely studied circadian oscillator of neurospora crassa to inactivation of the frq gene. the resulting organism has been termed "arrhythmic" under constant conditions. under entrainment to periodic temperature cycles roenneberg, merrow and coworkers have shown that the phase angle at which spore formation occurs depends on the entrainment period, curiously even in the null frq mutants (frq9 and frq10). we show that such a response does not imply the pr ... | 2004 | 15234207 |
| a pheromone receptor gene, pre-1, is essential for mating type-specific directional growth and fusion of trichogynes and female fertility in neurospora crassa. | neurospora crassa is a heterothallic filamentous fungus with two mating types, mat a and mat a. its mating involves differentiation of female reproductive structures (protoperithecia) and chemotropic growth of female-specific hyphae (trichogynes) towards a cell of the opposite mating type in a pheromone-mediated process. in this study, we characterize the pre-1 gene, encoding a predicted g-protein-coupled receptor with sequence similarity to fungal pheromone receptors. pre-1 is most highly expre ... | 2004 | 15186425 |
| properties of unpaired dna required for efficient silencing in neurospora crassa. | the presence of unpaired copies of a gene during meiosis triggers silencing of all copies of the gene in the diploid ascus cell of neurospora. this phenomenon is called meiotic silencing and on the basis of genetic studies appears to be a post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) mechanism. previously, meiotic silencing was defined to be induced by the presence of a dna region lacking an identical segment in the homologous chromosome. however, the determinants of unpaired dna remained a mystery ... | 2004 | 15166142 |
| a genetic selection for circadian output pathway mutations in neurospora crassa. | in most organisms, circadian oscillators regulate the daily rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes (ccgs). however, little is known about the pathways between the circadian oscillator(s) and the ccgs. in neurospora crassa, the frq, wc-1, and wc-2 genes encode components of the frq-oscillator. a functional frq-oscillator is required for rhythmic expression of the morning-specific ccg-1 and ccg-2 genes. in frq-null or wc-1 mutant strains, ccg-1 mrna levels fluctuate near peak levels over th ... | 2004 | 15166141 |
| gadolinium effects on gigaseal formation and the adhesive properties of a fungal amoeboid cell, the slime mutant of neurospora crassa. | low gadolinium concentrations induce rapid gigaseal formation and cell adhesion to glass and plastic (polystyrene) substrates in the slime mutant of neurospora crassa. cellular adhesion is independent of an integrin-mediated mechanism, because pretreatment with the oligopeptide arg-gly-asp-ser (rgds) did not inhibit it, and there was no spatial correlation between integrin and adhesions. in contrast, concanavalin a and beta-galactosidase both inhibit adhesion, suggesting that adhesion is mediate ... | 2004 | 15138747 |
| the fluffy gene of neurospora crassa is necessary and sufficient to induce conidiophore development. | the fl (fluffy) gene of neurospora crassa encodes a binuclear zinc cluster protein that regulates the production of asexual spores called macroconidia. two other genes, acon-2 and acon-3, play major roles in controlling development. fl is induced specifically in differentiating tissue during conidiation and acon-2 plays a role in this induction. we examined the function of fl by manipulating its level of expression in wild-type and developmental mutant strains. increasing expression of fl from a ... | 2004 | 15126394 |
| the rna-dependent rna polymerase, qde-1, is a rate-limiting factor in post-transcriptional gene silencing in neurospora crassa. | the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) qde-1 is an essential component of post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs), termed 'quelling' in the fungus neurospora crassa. here we show that the overexpression of qde-1 results in a dramatic increase in the efficiency of quelling, with a concomitant net increase in the quantity of al-1 sirnas. moreover, in overexpressed strains there is a significant reduction in the number of transgenes required to induce quelling, and an increase in the phenotypic ... | 2004 | 15090622 |
| severe impairment of growth and differentiation in a neurospora crassa mutant lacking all heterotrimeric g alpha proteins. | heterotrimeric g alpha proteins play a critical role in regulating growth and differentiation in filamentous fungi. no systematic analysis of functional relationships between subunits has been investigated. this study explores the relative contributions of neurospora crassa g alpha subunits, gna-1, gna-2, and gna-3, in directing development by analyzing strains deleted for various combinations of these genes. although viable, mutants lacking all g alpha subunits or gna-1 and gna-3 are severely r ... | 2004 | 15082543 |
| oxygen flux magnitude and location along growing hyphae of neurospora crassa. | oxygen fluxes were mapped at the growing apices and along mycelial hyphal segments of the ascomycete neurospora crassa. high spatial resolution was obtained using micro-oxygen probes (2-3 microm tip diameters) and the self-referencing technique to maximize the sensitivity of oxygen flux measurements. as expected, oxygen influx was inhibited by cyanide, although oxygen influx (and hyphal growth) resumed with the induction of an alternate oxidase activity. along hyphal segments, variations in oxyg ... | 2004 | 15043878 |
| photoperiodism in neurospora crassa. | plants and animals use day or night length for seasonal control of reproduction and other biological functions. overwhelming evidence suggests that this photoperiodic mechanism relies on a functional circadian system. recent progress has defined how flowering time in plants is regulated by photoperiodic control of output pathways, but the underlying mechanisms of photoperiodism remain to be described. the authors investigate photoperiodism in a genetic model system for circadian rhythms research ... | 2004 | 15038853 |
| entrainment dissociates transcription and translation of a circadian clock gene in neurospora. | circadian systems coordinate the daily sequence of events in cells, tissues, and organisms. in constant conditions, the biological clock oscillates with its endogenous period, whereas it is synchronized to the 24 hr light:dark cycle in nature. here, we investigate light entrainment of neurospora crassa to photoperiods that mimic seasonal changes. clock gene (frequency, or frq) rna levels directly reflect the light environment in all photoperiods, whereas the frq protein follows neither rna level ... | 2004 | 15028220 |
| redundancy of the two dicer genes in transgene-induced posttranscriptional gene silencing in neurospora crassa. | rna interference (rnai) in animals, cosuppression in plants, and quelling in fungi are homology-dependent gene silencing mechanisms in which the introduction of either double-stranded rna (dsrna) or transgenes induces sequence-specific mrna degradation. these phenomena share a common genetic and mechanistic basis. the accumulation of short interfering rna (sirna) molecules that guide sequence-specific mrna degradation is a common feature in both silencing mechanisms, as is the component of the r ... | 2004 | 14993290 |
| hp1 is essential for dna methylation in neurospora. | methylation of cytosines silences transposable elements and selected cellular genes in mammals, plants, and some fungi. recent findings have revealed mechanistic connections between dna methylation and features of specialized condensed chromatin, "heterochromatin." in neurospora crassa, dna methylation depends on trimethylation of lys9 in histone h3 by dim-5. heterochromatin protein hp1 binds methylated lys9 in vitro. we therefore investigated the possibility that a neurospora hp1 homolog reads ... | 2004 | 14967149 |
| comparative sequence analysis of sordaria macrospora and neurospora crassa as a means to improve genome annotation. | one of the most challenging parts of large scale sequencing projects is the identification of functional elements encoded in a genome. recently, studies of genomes of up to six different saccharomyces species have demonstrated that a comparative analysis of genome sequences from closely related species is a powerful approach to identify open reading frames and other functional regions within genomes [science 301 (2003) 71, nature 423 (2003) 241]. here, we present a comparison of selected sequenc ... | 2004 | 14761789 |
| the main external alternative nad(p)h dehydrogenase of neurospora crassa mitochondria. | a dna sequence homologous to non-proton-pumping nadh dehydrogenase genes was found in the genome of neurospora crassa encoding a polypeptide of 577 amino acid residues, molecular mass of 64,656 da, with a putative transmembrane domain. analysis of fungal mitochondria fractionated with digitonin indicates that the protein is located at the outer face of the inner membrane of the organelle (external enzyme). the corresponding gene was inactivated by the generation of repeat-induced point mutations ... | 2004 | 14741584 |
| a mutation in the neurospora crassa actin gene results in multiple defects in tip growth and branching. | actin has a pivotal function in hyphal morphogenesis in filamentous fungi, but it is not certain whether its function is equivalent to that of a morphogen, or if it is simply part of a mechanism that executes orders given by another regulatory entity. to address this question we selected for cytochalasin a resistance and isolated act1, the first actin mutant in neurospora crassa. this mutant branches apically and shows an altered distribution of actin at the tip. based on the properties of this ... | 2004 | 14732267 |
| possible role of ionic gradients in the apical growth of neurospora crassa. | the effects of the ca2+/h+ exchanger a23187 and the k+/h+ exchanger nigericin on the growth of neurospora crassa were analyzed. both ionophores had the same effects on the fungus. they both inhibited growth in liquid media, apical extension being more affected than protein synthesis. a sudden challenge to either ionophore on solid media rapidly stopped hyphal extension. additionally, both ionophores induced profuse mycelium branching and upward hyphal growth. hyphae growing on nigericin-containi ... | 2004 | 15702382 |
| identification of a type-d feruloyl esterase from neurospora crassa. | feruloyl esterases constitute an interesting group of enzymes that have the potential for use over a broad range of applications in the agri-food industries. in order to expand the range of available enzymes, we have examined the presence of feruoyl esterase genes present in the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. we have identified an orphan gene (contig 3.544), the translation of which shows sequence identity with known feruloyl esterases. this gene was cloned and the ... | 2004 | 14595525 |
| the neurospora crassa mus-19 gene is identical to the qde-3 gene, which encodes a recq homologue and is involved in recombination repair and postreplication repair. | an allele called mus-19 was identified by screening temperature-sensitive and mutagen-sensitive mutants of neurospora crassa. the mus-19 gene was genetically mapped to a region near the end of the right arm of linkage group i, where a recq homologue called qde-3 had been physically mapped in the neurospora database. complementation tests between the mus-19 mutant and the qde-3(rip) mutant showed that mus-19 and qde-3 were the same gene. the qde-3 genes of both mutants were cloned and sequenced; ... | 2004 | 14595518 |
| scanning electron microscopy of mitotic nuclei and chromosomes in filamentous fungi. | a new method for scanning electron microscopy (sem) of fungal mitotic nuclei and chromosomes was established for two ascomycetes, cochliobolus heterostrophus and neurospora crassa. nuclei and chromosomes discharged from germling cells by the germ-tube burst method were spread on a surface of a glass slide. the spreads were impregnated with osmium-thiocarbohydrazide for conductive staining, followed by coating with platinum, and observed by field-emission sem. ultrastructure of fungal chromosomes ... | 2004 | 21148846 |
| chromosome rearrangements in isolates that escape from het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in neurospora crassa. | chromosomal rearrangement is implicated in human cancers and hereditary diseases. mechanisms generating chromosomal rearrangements may be shared by a variety of organisms. spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements, especially large deletions, take place at high frequency in isolates that escape from heterokaryon incompatibility in neurospora crassa. in this study, chromosomal rearrangements were detected in strains that had escaped from het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in n. crassa. a vc1 mutant ... | 2004 | 14564476 |
| incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity of a growth defect as a consequence of knocking out two k(+) transporters in the euascomycete fungus podospora anserina. | we describe an example of incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity in the filamentous fungus podospora anserina, two genetic properties classically associated with mutations in more complex organisms, such as green plants and animals. we show that the knockouts of two trk-related k(+) transporters of this ascomycete present variability in their phenotype that cannot be attributed to fluctuations of the genetic background or the environment. thalli of the knockout strains derived from inde ... | 2004 | 15020412 |
| the bafilomycin/concanamycin binding site in subunit c of the v-atpases from neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the vacuolar h+-atpase is inhibited with high specificity and potency by bafilomycin and concanamycin, macrolide antibiotics with similar structures. we previously reported that mutation at three residues in subunit c of the vacuolar atpase from neurospora crassa conferred strong resistance to bafilomycin but little or no resistance to concanamycin (bowman, b. j., and bowman, e. j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 3965-3972). we have identified additional mutated sites in subunit c that confer resista ... | 2004 | 15180988 |
| a comparative genomic analysis of the calcium signaling machinery in neurospora crassa, magnaporthe grisea, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | a large number of ca2+ -signaling proteins have been previously identified and characterized in saccharomyces cerevisiae but relatively few have been discovered in filamentous fungi. in this study, a detailed, comparative genomic analysis of ca2+ -signaling proteins in neurospora crassa, magnaporthe grisea, and s. cerevisiae has been made. our blast analysis identified 48, 42, and 40 ca2+ -signaling proteins in n. crassa, m. grisea, and s. cerevisiae, respectively. in n. crassa, m. grisea, and s ... | 2004 | 15288019 |
| highly efficient gene replacements in neurospora strains deficient for nonhomologous end-joining. | gene disruption and overexpression play central roles in the analysis of gene function. homologous recombination is, in principle, the most efficient method of disrupting, modifying, or replacing a target gene. although homologous integration of exogenous dna into the genome occurs readily in saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is rare in many other organisms. we identified and disrupted neurospora crassa genes homologous to human ku70 and ku80, which encode proteins that function in nonhomologous end- ... | 2004 | 15299145 |
| human mitochondrial complex i assembles through the combination of evolutionary conserved modules: a framework to interpret complex i deficiencies. | with 46 subunits, human mitochondrial complex i is the largest enzyme of the oxidative phosphorylation system. we have studied the assembly of complex i in cultured human cells. this will provide essential information about the nature of complex i deficiencies and will enhance our understanding of mitochondrial disease mechanisms. we have found that 143b206 rho zero cells, not containing mitochondrial dna, are still able to form complex i subcomplexes. to further address the nature of these subc ... | 2004 | 15317750 |
| alleles of the hotspot cog are codominant in effect on recombination in the his-3 region of neurospora. | there are two naturally occurring functional alleles of the recombination hotspot cog, which is located 3.5 kb from the his-3 locus of neurospora crassa. the presence of the cog+ allele in a cross significantly increases recombination in the his-3 region compared to a cross homozygous for the cog allele. data obtained shortly after discovery of cog+ suggested that it was fully dominant to cog. however, a dominant cog+ conflicts with observations of hotspots in saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizo ... | 2004 | 15280230 |
| [advances in the molecular mechanism of rna interference]. | this paper reviews the latest development of rna interference(rnai). rna interference is the process of sequence-specific degradation of homologous mrna triggered by double-stranded rna. as a technically simple and an effective genetic tool which can exert effect on the expression of gene and substitute for gene knock-out technique in some degree, rnai phenomena have been broadly validated in diverse model organisms such as caenorhabditis elegans, drosophila melanogaster, arabidopsis thaliana an ... | 2004 | 15079801 |
| metabolic highways of neurospora crassa revisited. | this chapter describes the metabolic pathways for neurospora crassa in the biosynthesis of amino acids, purines, pyrimidines, vitamins, and cofactors, and for glycolysis, the tca and glyoxylate cycles and the initial stages of the pentose phosphate pathway. for each step in metabolism, the gene or genes within the genome sequence of the species is identified, correlations are made with previously identified genes, and new gene designations are assigned to others. for each gene, details given are ... | 2004 | 15522735 |
| transcriptional response to glucose starvation and functional analysis of a glucose transporter of neurospora crassa. | the response to glucose availability in neurospora crassa was characterized by measuring transcript levels of 1335 genes represented on a cdna microarray. we found that 19% of the 1335 genes were regulated at least twofold in response to glucose deprivation. several sugar transporter homologs were found to be regulated by glucose. functional analysis of one of these, hgt-1, indicates that it encodes a high-affinity glucose transporter. comparing n. crassa profiling data with the published diauxi ... | 2004 | 15531214 |
| the splicing of yeast mitochondrial group i and group ii introns requires a dead-box protein with rna chaperone function. | group i and ii introns self-splice in vitro, but require proteins for efficient splicing in vivo, to stabilize the catalytically active rna structure. recent studies showed that the splicing of some neurospora crassa mitochondrial group i introns additionally requires a dead-box protein, cyt-19, which acts as an rna chaperone to resolve nonnative structures formed during rna folding. here we show that, in saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria, a related dead-box protein, mss116p, is required for ... | 2004 | 15618406 |
| one of the two dicer-like proteins in the filamentous fungi magnaporthe oryzae genome is responsible for hairpin rna-triggered rna silencing and related small interfering rna accumulation. | dicer is a ribonuclease iii-like enzyme playing a key role in the rna silencing pathway. genome sequencing projects have demonstrated that eukaryotic genomes vary in the numbers of dicer-like (dcl) proteins from one (human) to four (arabidopsis). two dcl genes, mdl-1 and -2 (magnaporthe dicer-like-1 and -2) have been identified in the genome of the filamentous fungus magnaporthe oryzae. here we show that the knockout of mdl-2 drastically impaired gene silencing of enhanced green fluorescence pro ... | 2004 | 15304480 |
| the cot1 homologue cpcot1 regulates polar growth and branching and is essential for pathogenicity in claviceps purpurea. | claviceps purpurea, the ergot fungus, is a common grass pathogen attacking exclusively young ovaries. its pathogenic development involves an early phase of directed growth (with strictly suppressed branching) towards the floral vascular tissue. since ser/thr protein kinases of the ndr family have been shown to be involved in polar growth and branching in fungi, we have analyzed a c. purpurea homologue of the neurospora crassa cot-1 gene, cpcot1. it encodes a functional homologue of cot1 since it ... | 2004 | 15670709 |
| in vitro and in vivo analyses of a phe/tyr switch controlling product specificity of histone lysine methyltransferases. | the functional significance of mono-, di-, and tri-methylation of lysine residues within histone proteins is under investigation. evidence from several model organisms suggests that different methylated states of h3 lys(9) (h3k9) are generated by specific histone methyltransferases (mtases) to mark distinct types of silent chromatin. sequence alignment of all histone lysine mtases with known product specificity suggested that a key residue in the active site determines how many methyl groups the ... | 2004 | 15590646 |
| gene discovery and gene expression in the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe grisea: analysis of expressed sequence tags. | over 28,000 expressed sequence tags (ests) were produced from cdna libraries representing a variety of growth conditions and cell types. several magnaporthe grisea strains were used to produce the libraries, including a nonpathogenic strain bearing a mutation in the pmk1 mitogen-activated protein kinase. approximately 23,000 of the ests could be clustered into 3,050 contigs, leaving 5,127 singleton sequences. the estimate of 8,177 unique sequences indicates that over half of the genes of the fun ... | 2004 | 15597739 |
| conservation and evolution of cis-regulatory systems in ascomycete fungi. | relatively little is known about the mechanisms through which gene expression regulation evolves. to investigate this, we systematically explored the conservation of regulatory networks in fungi by examining the cis-regulatory elements that govern the expression of coregulated genes. we first identified groups of coregulated saccharomyces cerevisiae genes enriched for genes with known upstream or downstream cis-regulatory sequences. reasoning that many of these gene groups are coregulated in rel ... | 2004 | 15534694 |
| neurospora crassa cypbp37: a cytosolic stress protein that is able to replace yeast thi4p function in the synthesis of vitamin b1. | recently, we identified cypbp37 of neurospora crassa as a binding partner of cyclophilin41. cypbp37 function had not yet been described, although orthologs in other organisms have been implicated in the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine (vitamin b1) and/or stress-related pathways. here, cypbp37 is characterized as an abundant cytosolic protein with a functional nad-binding site. saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking thi4p (the cypbp37 ortholog) are auxotrophic for vitamin b1 (th ... | 2004 | 15544818 |
| pcmtr, an aromatic and neutral aliphatic amino acid permease of penicillium chrysogenum. | the gene encoding an aromatic and neutral aliphatic amino acid permease of penicillium chrysogenum was cloned, functionally expressed and characterized in saccharomyces cerevisiae m4276. the permease, designated pcmtr, is structurally and functionally homologous to mtr of neurospora crassa, and unrelated to the amino acid permease (aap) family which includes most amino acid permeases in fungi. database searches of completed fungal genome sequences reveal that mtr type permeases are not widely di ... | 2004 | 15581852 |
| a recq gene homolog from the basidiomycetous mushroom lentinula edodes: sequence analysis and expression. | we cloned and sequenced a recq gene homolog from the basidiomycetous mushroom lentinula edodes (le.). this gene, named le.recq, was found to have a coding capacity of 945 amino acids (aa) and be interrupted by 11 small introns. the deduced le.recq protein was clearly smaller than other fungal recq proteins such as neurospora crassa qde3 (1955 aa), schizosaccharomyces pombe rqh1 (1328 aa), and saccharomyces cerevisiae sgs1 (1447 aa). it exhibited the highest homology to the arabidopsis thaliana r ... | 2004 | 15618631 |
| composition of complex i from neurospora crassa and disruption of two "accessory" subunits. | respiratory chain complex i of the fungus neurospora crassa contains at least 39 polypeptide subunits, of which 35 are conserved in mammals. the 11.5 kda and 14 kda proteins, homologues of bovine ip15 and b16.6, respectively, are conserved among eukaryotes and belong to the membrane domain of the fungal enzyme. the corresponding genes were separately inactivated by repeat-induced point-mutations, and null-mutant strains of the fungus were isolated. the lack of either subunit leads to the accumul ... | 2004 | 15863099 |
| a phylogenomic approach to reconstructing the diversification of serine proteases in fungi. | using a phylogenomic approach with 10 fungi of very different virulence and habitat, we determined that there was substantial diversification of subtilase-type proteases early in ascomycete history (with subsequent loss in many lineages) but with no comparable diversification of trypsins. patterns of intron loss and the degree of divergence between paralogues demonstrated that the proliferation of proteinase k subtilases and subtilisin type subtilases seen in pathogenic ascomycetes (metarhizium ... | 2004 | 15525405 |
| acfkh1, a novel member of the forkhead family, associates with the rfx transcription factor cpcr1 in the cephalosporin c-producing fungus acremonium chrysogenum. | in the filamentous fungus acremonium chrysogenum, a complex regulatory network of transcription factors controls the expression of at least seven cephalosporin c biosynthesis genes. the rfx transcription factor cpcr1 binds to regulatory sequences in the promoter region of cephalosporin c biosynthesis genes, and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the pcbc gene which encodes isopenicillin n synthase. in this study, we used cpcr1 in a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify potential prot ... | 2004 | 15527986 |
| blr-1 and blr-2, key regulatory elements of photoconidiation and mycelial growth in trichoderma atroviride. | in fungi, phototropism, the induction of carotenogenesis and reproductive structures, and resetting of the circadian rhythm are controlled by blue light. trichoderma atroviride, a fungus used in biological control, sporulates in a synchronized manner following a brief pulse of blue light. due to its apparent simplicity, this response was chosen for pursuing photoreceptor isolation. two genes were cloned, blue-light regulators 1 and 2 (blr-1 and blr-2), similar to the neurospora crassa white-coll ... | 2004 | 15528646 |
| unique biosynthesis of dehydroquinic acid? | a search of the genomic sequences of the thermophilic microorganisms aquifex aeolicus, archaeoglobus fulgidus, methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, and methanococcus jannaschii for the first seven enzymes (arog, b, d, e, k, a, and c ) involved in the shikimic acid biosynthetic pathway reveal two key enzymes are missing. the first enzyme in the pathway, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate synthase (arog) and the second enzyme in the pathway, 5-dehydroquinic acid synthase (arob) are " ... | 2004 | 15381397 |
| nanocapsules: coating for living cells. | one of the most promising tools for future applications in science and medicine is the use of nanotechnologies. especially self-assembly systems, e.g., polyelectrolyte (pe) capsules prepared by means of the layer-by-layer technique with tailored properties, fulfill the requirements for nano-organized systems in a satisfactory manner. the nano-organized shells are suitable as coating for living cells or artificial tissue to prevent immune response. with these shells, material can be delivered to ... | 2004 | 15382641 |
| turgor regulation in hyphal organisms. | turgor regulation in two saprophytic hyphal organisms was examined directly with the pressure probe technique. the ascomycete neurospora crassa, a terrestrial fungi, regulates turgor after hyperosmotic treatments when growing in a minimal medium containing k(+), mg(2+), ca(2+), cl(-), and sucrose. turgor recovery by n. crassa after hyperosmotic treatment is concurrent with changes in ion transport: hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane potential and a decline in transmembrane ion conductance. ... | 2004 | 15465389 |
| introns and splicing elements of five diverse fungi. | genomic sequences and expressed sequence tag data for a diverse group of fungi (saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces pombe, aspergillus nidulans, neurospora crassa, and cryptococcus neoformans) provided the opportunity to accurately characterize conserved intronic elements. an examination of large intron data sets revealed that fungal introns in general are short, that 98% or more of them belong to the canonical splice site (ss) class (5'gu...ag3'), and that they have polypyrimidine tra ... | 2004 | 15470237 |
| identification of the protein binding region of s-trityl-l-cysteine, a new potent inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin eg5. | human eg5, a mitotic motor of the kinesin superfamily, is involved in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. the recent discovery of small molecules that inhibit hseg5 by binding to its catalytic motor domain leading to mitotic arrest has attracted more interest in eg5 as a potential anticancer drug target. we have used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and directed mutagenesis to identify the secondary structure elements that form the binding sites of new eg5 inhibito ... | 2004 | 15476401 |
| solution structure of cu6 metallothionein from the fungus neurospora crassa. | the 3d-solution structure of neurospora crassa cu(6)-metallothionein (ncmt) polypeptide backbone was determined using homonuclear, multidimensional (1)h-nmr spectroscopy. it represents a new metallothionein (mt) fold with a protein chain where the n-terminal half is left-handed and the c-terminal half right-handedly folded around a copper(i)-sulfur cluster. as seen with other mts, the protein lacks definable secondary structural elements; however, the polypeptide fold is unique. the metal coordi ... | 2004 | 15511227 |
| mips: analysis and annotation of proteins from whole genomes. | the munich information center for protein sequences (mips-gsf), neuherberg, germany, provides protein sequence-related information based on whole-genome analysis. the main focus of the work is directed toward the systematic organization of sequence-related attributes as gathered by a variety of algorithms, primary information from experimental data together with information compiled from the scientific literature. mips maintains automatically generated and manually annotated genome-specific data ... | 2004 | 14681354 |
| the tim8-tim13 complex of neurospora crassa functions in the assembly of proteins into both mitochondrial membranes. | the tim8 and tim13 proteins in yeast are known to exist in the mitochondrial intermembrane space and to form a hetero-oligomeric complex involved in the import of the mitochondrial inner membrane protein tim23, the central component of the tim23 translocase. here, we have isolated tim8 and tim13 mutants in neurospora crassa and have shown that mitochondria lacking the tim8-tim13 complex were deficient in the import of the outer membrane beta-barrel proteins tom40 and porin. cross-linking studies ... | 2004 | 14722057 |
| cloning and characterization of the histidine kinase gene dic1 from cochliobolus heterostrophus that confers dicarboximide resistance and osmotic adaptation. | a gene for a putative two-component histidine kinase, which is homologous to os-1 from neurospora crassa, was cloned and sequenced from the plant-pathogenic fungus cochliobolus heterostrophus. the predicted protein possessed the conserved histidine kinase domain, the response regulator domain, and six tandem repeats of 92-amino-acids at the n-terminal end that are found in histidine kinases from other filamentous fungi. introduction of the histidine kinase gene complemented the deficiency of the ... | 2004 | 14752661 |
| the oxa2 protein of neurospora crassa plays a critical role in the biogenesis of cytochrome oxidase and defines a ubiquitous subbranch of the oxa1/yidc/alb3 protein family. | proteins of the oxa1/yidc/alb3 family mediate the insertion of proteins into membranes of mitochondria, bacteria, and chloroplasts. here we report the identification of a second gene of the oxa1/yidc/alb3 family in the genome of neurospora crassa, which we have named oxa2. its gene product, oxa2, is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. deletion of the oxa2 gene caused a specific defect in the biogenesis of cytochrome oxidase and resulted in induction of the alternative oxidase (aod), w ... | 2004 | 14767059 |
| involvement of a flavosemiquinone in the enzymatic oxidation of nitroalkanes catalyzed by 2-nitropropane dioxygenase. | 2-nitropropane dioxygenase (ec 1.13.11.32) catalyzes the oxidation of nitroalkanes into their corresponding carbonyl compounds and nitrite. in this study, the ncd-2 gene encoding for the enzyme in neurospora crassa was cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, and the resulting enzyme was purified. size exclusion chromatography, heat denaturation, and mass spectroscopic analyses showed that 2-nitropropane dioxygenase is a homodimer of 80 kda, containing a mole of non-covalently bound fmn per mole o ... | 2004 | 15582992 |
| crystal structure of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme from pseudomonas putida, a fumarase class ii type cycloisomerase: enzyme evolution in parallel pathways. | 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzymes (cmles), the key enzymes in the protocatechuate branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway in microorganisms, catalyze the conversion of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate to muconolactones. we have determined the crystal structure of the prokaryotic pseudomonas putida cmle (ppcmle) at 2.6 a resolution. ppcmle is a homotetramer and belongs to the fumarase class ii superfamily. the active site of ppcmle is formed largely by three regions, which are moderately co ... | 2004 | 15301541 |
| sequence heterology and gene conversion at his-3 of neurospora crassa. | although sequence heterology clearly reduces crossing over in yeast, conflicting studies suggest that mismatches may increase or decrease gene conversion. to investigate this issue in an additional species, we measured the effect of local sequence heterology on conversion in his-3 of neurospora crassa. mismatches close to the cog recombination initiator or within his-3 reduce conversion to 70% and 30% of the homologous level, respectively, while heterologous insertions between his-3 and cog incr ... | 2004 | 15007624 |
| role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway during conidial germination and hyphal fusion in neurospora crassa. | mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase signaling pathways are ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic organisms. map kinase pathways are composed of a map kinase, a map kinase kinase, and a map kinase kinase kinase; activation is regulated by sequential phosphorylation. components of three map kinase pathways have been identified by genome sequence analysis in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. one of the predicted map kinases in n. crassa, mak-2, shows similarity to fus3p a ... | 2004 | 15075265 |
| alternative splicing of transcripts of the transposon restless is maintained in the foreign host neurospora crassa and can be modified by introducing mutations at the 5' and 3' splice sites. | the primary transcript of the transposon restless from tolypocladium inflatum undergoes an unusual mechanism of alternative splicing by employing either of two 3' "cag" splice sites. these are separated by only four nucleotides, thus generating two different splice products, which differ in their coding capacity. to analyse whether this alternative splicing occurs in its natural host exclusively, we introduced the transposon into the heterologous host neurospora crassa. in addition to the wild - ... | 2004 | 15148624 |
| calcium measurement in living filamentous fungi expressing codon-optimized aequorin. | calcium signalling is little understood in filamentous fungi largely because easy and routine methods for calcium measurement in living hyphae have previously been unavailable. we have developed the recombinant aequorin method for this purpose. high levels of aequorin expression were obtained in neurospora crassa, aspergillus niger and aspergillus awamori by codon optimization of the aequorin gene. three external stimuli (mechanical perturbation, hypo-osmotic shock and high external calcium) wer ... | 2004 | 15165245 |
| altering a gene involved in nuclear distribution increases the repeat-induced point mutation process in the fungus podospora anserina. | repeat-induced point mutation (rip) is a homology-dependent gene-silencing mechanism that introduces c:g-to-t:a transitions in duplicated dna segments. cis-duplicated sequences can also be affected by another mechanism called premeiotic recombination (pr). both are active over the sexual cycle of some filamentous fungi, e.g., neurospora crassa and podospora anserina. during the sexual cycle, several developmental steps require precise nuclear movement and positioning, but connections between rip ... | 2004 | 15166143 |
| bioremediation of 60co from simulated spent decontamination solutions. | bioremediation of 60co from simulated spent decontamination solutions by utilizing different biomass of (neurospora crassa, trichoderma viridae, mucor recemosus, rhizopus chinensis, penicillium citrinum, aspergillus niger and, aspergillus flavus) fungi is reported. various fungal species were screened to evaluate their potential for removing cobalt from very low concentrations (0.03-0.16 microm) in presence of a high background of iron (9.33 mm) and nickel (0.93 mm) complexed with edta (10.3 mm) ... | 2004 | 15207568 |
| the pho80-like cyclin of aspergillus nidulans regulates development independently of its role in phosphate acquisition. | in saccharomyces cerevisiae, phosphate acquisition enzymes are regulated by a cyclin-dependent kinase (pho85), a cyclin (pho80), the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor pho81, and the helix-loop-helix transcription factor pho4 (the pho system). previous studies in aspergillus nidulans indicate that a pho85-like kinase, phoa, does not regulate the classic pho system but regulates development in a phosphate-dependent manner. a pho80-like cyclin has now been isolated through its interaction with phoa ... | 2004 | 15247298 |
| the neurospora crassa cfp promoter drives a carbon source-dependent expression of transgenes in filamentous fungi. | the objective of the present study was to determine the potential of promoter sequences from the cfp gene of neurospora crassa to drive the expression of transgenes in filamentous fungi. | 2004 | 15139917 |
| identification of cryptochrome dash from vertebrates. | a new type of cryptochrome, cry-dash, has been recently identified. the cry-dash proteins constitute the fifth subfamily of the photolyase/cryptochrome family. cry-dashs have been identified from synechocystis sp. pcc 6803, vibrio cholerae, and arabidopsis thaliana. the synechocystis cry-dash was the first cryptochrome identified from bacteria, and its biochemical features and tertiary structure have been extensively investigated. to determine how broadly the subfamily is distributed within livi ... | 2004 | 15147276 |
| the neurospora crassa cyt-18 protein c-terminal rna-binding domain helps stabilize interdomain tertiary interactions in group i introns. | the neurospora crassa mitochondrial tyrosyl-trna synthetase (cyt-18 protein) promotes the splicing of group i introns by stabilizing the catalytically active rna structure. to accomplish this, cyt-18 recognizes conserved structural features of group i intron rnas using regions of the n-terminal nucleotide-binding fold, intermediate alpha-helical, and c-terminal rna-binding domains that also function in binding trna(tyr). curiously, whereas the splicing of the n. crassa mitochondrial large subuni ... | 2004 | 15037773 |
| mammalian n-acetylglutamate synthase. | n-acetylglutamate synthase (nags, e.c. 2.3.1.1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the formation of n-acetylglutamate (nag), an essential allosteric activator of carbamylphosphate synthetase i (cpsi). the mouse and human nags genes have been identified based on similarity to regions of nags from neurospora crassa and cloned from liver cdna libraries. these genes were shown to complement an arga- (nags) deficient escherichia coli strain, and enzymatic activity of the proteins was confirmed ... | 2004 | 15050968 |
| in vivo levels of s-adenosylmethionine modulate c:g to t:a mutations associated with repeat-induced point mutation in neurospora crassa. | in neurospora crassa, the mutagenic process termed repeat-induced point mutation (rip) inactivates duplicated dna sequences during the sexual cycle by the introduction of c:g to t:a transition mutations. in this work, we have used a collection of n. crassa strains exhibiting a wide range of cellular levels of s-adenosylmethionine (adomet), the universal donor of methyl groups, to explore whether frequencies of rip are dependent on the cellular levels of this metabolite. mutant strains met-7 and ... | 2004 | 15063139 |
| identification and characterization of a nitrate transporter gene in neurospora crassa. | the neurospora crassa genome database was searched for sequence similarity to crna, a nitrate transporter in aspergillus nidulans. a 3.9-kb fragment (contig 3.416, subsequence 183190-187090) was cloned by pcr. the gene coding for this nitrate transporter was termed nit-10. the nit-10 gene specifies a predicted polypeptide containing 541 amino acids with a molecular mass of 57 kda. in contrast to crna, which is clustered together with niad, encoding nitrate reductase, and niia, encoding nitrite r ... | 2004 | 15068336 |
| role of two g-protein alpha subunits, tgaa and tgab, in the antagonism of plant pathogens by trichoderma virens. | g-protein alpha subunits are involved in transmission of signals for development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism in plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. we cloned two g-protein alpha subunit genes, tgaa and tgab, from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens. tgaa belongs to the fungal galphai class, while tgab belongs to the class defined by gna-2 of neurospora crassa. we compared loss-of-function mutants of tgaa and tgab with the wild type for radial growth, conidiation, germinatio ... | 2004 | 14711686 |
| disruption of the aspergillus fumigatus argb gene using a novel in vitro transposon-based mutagenesis approach. | we disrupted the aspergillus fumigatus argb gene, encoding ornithine transcarbamylase, using a novel in vitro transposon-based mutagenesis approach. this approach utilizes a modified transposon containing the neurospora crassa pyr4 gene, which is randomly inserted in vitro into a target sequence of interest. clones in which the gene of interest has been disrupted are identified by pcr and used to transform a pyrg-deficient strain of a. fumigatus. using this approach, we obtained arginine auxotro ... | 2004 | 14727059 |
| contig assembly and microsynteny analysis using a bacterial artificial chromosome library for epichloë festucae, a mutualistic fungal endophyte of grasses. | we constructed and characterized a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library for epichloë festucae, a genetically tractable fungal plant mutualist. the 6144 clone library with an average insert size of 87kb represents at least 18-fold coverage of the 29 mb genome. we used the library to assemble a 110kb contig spanning the putative ornithine decarboxylase (odc) ortholog and subsequently expanded it to 228kb with a single walking step in each direction. furthermore, we evaluated conservation ... | 2004 | 14643256 |
| fungal proteomics: mapping the mitochondrial proteins of a trichoderma harzianum strain applied for biological control. | mitochondria are essential for cellular functions across organisms. a proteomic approach was taken to separate and identify mitochondrial proteins from a strain of trichoderma harzianum with well established biocontrol properties. we optimized a method for the preparation of a sample enriched with mitochondria by ensuring efficient cell lysis and including several washing steps to minimize cytoplasmic contamination. we separated hundreds of proteins, using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ... | 2004 | 14652694 |
| mate transposable elements in aspergillus nidulans: evidence of repeat-induced point mutation. | the sequences of five mate transposable elements were retrieved from the aspergillus nidulans genome sequence. these elements are 6.1 kb in length and are characterized by 9-10 bp target site duplications, paired approximately 40 bp palindromes close to each end, and in the unmutated elements, 57 clustered spe-motifs (rwctagwy) scattered through their length. short open reading frames have no known homology. two of the mate elements have numerous c --> t transitions on both dna strands relative ... | 2004 | 14761791 |
| cloning, sequencing and functional analysis of magnaporthe grisea mvp1 gene, a hex-1 homolog encoding a putative 'woronin body' protein. | a hex-1 homolog named mvp1 was isolated from an appressoria cdna library of the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. the transcript of approximately 1.6 kb contains 546 bp of coding sequence with a 3' untranslated region about 168 bp long and a 5' untranslated region about 870 bp long. southern gel blot analysis of genomic dna following digestion with three restriction enzymes (bamhi, ecori, hindiii) indicated that the gene exists as a single copy in m. grisea genome. rna gel blot analyses show ... | 2004 | 14734169 |
| molecular characterization of a penicillium chrysogenum exo-1,5-alpha-l-arabinanase that is structurally distinct from other arabinan-degrading enzymes. | the nucleotide sequence of the abnx cdna gene, which encodes an exo-arabinanase (abnx) of penicillium chrysogenum 31b, was determined. abnx was found to be structurally distinct from known arabinan-degrading enzymes based on its amino acid sequence and a hydrophobic cluster analysis. the protein in the protein database with the highest similarity to abnx was the neurospora crassa conserved hypothetical protein. the abnx cdna gene product expressed in escherichia coli catalyzed the release of ara ... | 2004 | 14988022 |
| disruption of the gene encoding the v-atpase subunit a results in inhibition of normal growth and abolished sporulation in aspergillus nidulans. | the authors have previously reported on molecular responses of aspergillus nidulans to bacterial antifungal metabolites, e.g. bafilomycins and the related concanamycins. these compounds are known inhibitors of v-atpases and cause dramatic effects on mycelial growth and morphology. in neurospora crassa, studies have shown that disruption of the gene encoding subunit a of the v-atpase results in morphological changes and reduced growth similar to those observed after addition of concanamycin. this ... | 2004 | 14993324 |
| identification of a novel gene hbrb required for polarised growth in aspergillus nidulans. | we have cloned a novel gene, hbrb, by complementation of a temperature sensitive hyperbranching (hbr) mutant of aspergillus nidulans. the mutant, hbrb3, exhibits hyperseptation and shows a marked increase in hyphal branching at the restrictive temperature. a genomic library incorporating the ama1 sequence, which confers autonomous replication on the plasmid, was used to clone the gene. co-ordinate loss of the complementing plasmid and wild type phenotype was shown. the 847 amino acid predicted p ... | 2004 | 14998529 |
| a sensitive predictor for potential gpi lipid modification sites in fungal protein sequences and its application to genome-wide studies for aspergillus nidulans, candida albicans, neurospora crassa, saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe. | the fungal transamidase complex that executes glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) lipid anchoring of precursor proteins has overlapping but distinct sequence specificity compared with the animal system. therefore, a taxon-specific prediction tool for the recognition of the c-terminal signal in fungal sequences is necessary. we have collected a learning set of fungal precursor protein sequences from the literature and fungal proteomes. although the general four segment scheme of the recognition si ... | 2004 | 15003443 |
| lessons from the genome sequence of neurospora crassa: tracing the path from genomic blueprint to multicellular organism. | we present an analysis of over 1,100 of the approximately 10,000 predicted proteins encoded by the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. seven major areas of neurospora genomics and biology are covered. first, the basic features of the genome, including the automated assembly, gene calls, and global gene analyses are summarized. the second section covers components of the centromere and kinetochore complexes, chromatin assembly and modification, and transcription and trans ... | 2004 | 15007097 |
| fluffy, the major regulator of conidiation in neurospora crassa, directly activates a developmentally regulated hydrophobin gene. | the fluffy (fl) gene of neurospora crassa is required for asexual sporulation and encodes an 88 kda polypeptide containing a typical fungal zn2cys6 dna-binding motif. identification of genes regulated by fl will provide insight into how fungi regulate growth during morphogenesis. as a step towards identifying the target genes on which fl may act, we sought to define target sequences to which the fl protein binds. the dna binding domain of fl was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion with glu ... | 2005 | 15773996 |
| gnn is a self-glucosylating protein involved in the initiation step of glycogen biosynthesis in neurospora crassa. | the initiation of glycogen synthesis requires the protein glycogenin, which incorporates glucose residues through a self-glucosylation reaction, and then acts as substrate for chain elongation by glycogen synthase and branching enzyme. numerous sequences of glycogenin-like proteins are available in the databases but the enzymes from mammalian skeletal muscle and from saccharomyces cerevisiae are the best characterized. we report the isolation of a cdna from the fungus neurospora crassa, which en ... | 2005 | 15680913 |
| rna silencing in aspergillus nidulans is independent of rna-dependent rna polymerases. | the versatility of rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps) in eukaryotic gene silencing is perhaps best illustrated in the kingdom fungi. biochemical and genetic studies of schizosaccharomyces pombe and neurospora crassa show that these types of enzymes are involved in a number of fundamental gene-silencing processes, including heterochromatin regulation and rna silencing in s. pombe and meiotic silencing and rna silencing in n. crassa. here we show that aspergillus nidulans, another model fungus, ... | 2005 | 15545645 |
| survey of simple sequence repeats in completed fungal genomes. | the use of simple sequence repeats or microsatellites as genetic markers has become very popular because of their abundance and length variation between different individuals. ssrs are tandem repeat units of 1 to 6 base pairs that are found abundantly in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. this is the first study examining and comparing ssrs in completely sequenced fungal genomes. we analyzed and compared the occurrences, relative abundance, relative density, most common, and longest ssrs i ... | 2005 | 15563717 |
| genetic and molecular analysis of phytochromes from the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. | phytochromes (phys) comprise a superfamily of red-/far-red-light-sensing proteins. whereas higher-plant phys that control numerous growth and developmental processes have been well described, the biochemical characteristics and functions of the microbial forms are largely unknown. here, we describe analyses of the expression, regulation, and activities of two phys in the filamentous fungus neurospora crassa. in addition to containing the signature n-terminal domain predicted to covalently associ ... | 2005 | 16339731 |
| genomics reveals traces of fungal phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolic pathway in the f ilamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae. | fungal secondary metabolites constitute a wide variety of compounds which either play a vital role in agricultural, pharmaceutical and industrial contexts, or have devastating effects on agriculture, animal and human affairs by virtue of their toxigenicity. owing to their beneficial and deleterious characteristics, these complex compounds and the genes responsible for their synthesis have been the subjects of extensive investigation by microbiologists and pharmacologists. a majority of the funga ... | 2005 | 16410762 |
| blue light negatively regulates the sexual filamentation via the cwc1 and cwc2 proteins in cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is a heterothallic basidiomycetous yeast that primarily infects immunocompromised individuals. dikaryotic hyphae resulting from the fusion of the mata and matalpha mating type strains represent the filamentous stage in the sexual life cycle of c. neoformans. in this study we demonstrate that the production of dikaryotic filaments is inhibited by blue light. to study blue light photoresponse in c. neoformans, we have identified and characterized two genes, cwc1 and cwc2, w ... | 2005 | 15813738 |
| characterization of mutations in the two-component histidine kinase gene abnik1 from alternaria brassicicola that confer high dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole resistance. | highly iprodione- and fludioxonil-resistant field and laboratory isolates of a. brassicicola were found to be either moderately sensitive or tolerant to osmotic stress. abnik1, a two-component histidine kinase gene, was isolated from a fungicide-sensitive strain. the predicted protein possessed the six tandem amino acid repeats at the n-terminal end, which is a landmark of osmosensor histidine kinases from filamentous fungi. a comparison of the nucleic acid sequences of the abnik1 gene from fung ... | 2005 | 15765227 |